xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision cc285c5a)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
385**
386** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
387** here in order to indicate success or failure.
388**
389** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
390**
391** See also: [extended result code definitions]
392*/
393#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
394/* beginning-of-error-codes */
395#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
396#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
397#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
398#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
399#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
400#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
401#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
402#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
403#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
404#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
405#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
406#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
407#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
408#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
409#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
410#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
411#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
412#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
413#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
414#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
415#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
416#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
417#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
418#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
419#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
420#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
421#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
422#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
423#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
424#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
425/* end-of-error-codes */
426
427/*
428** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
429** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
430**
431** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
432** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
433** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
434** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
435** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
436** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
437** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
438** on a per database connection basis using the
439** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
440** the most recent error can be obtained using
441** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
442*/
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
469#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
470#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
471#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
472#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
473#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
474#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
475#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
476#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
478#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
479#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
480#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
481#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
482#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
483#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
484#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
485#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
486#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
487#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
488#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
489#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
490#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
491#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
492#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
493#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
494#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
495#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
496
497/*
498** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
499**
500** These bit values are intended for use in the
501** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
502** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
503*/
504#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
505#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
506#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
507#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
508#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
509#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
510#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
511#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
512#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
513#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
514#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
523#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
524
525/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
526
527/*
528** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
529**
530** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
531** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
532** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
533** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
534** refers to.
535**
536** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
537** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
538** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
539** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
540** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
541** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
542** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
543** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
544** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
545** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
546** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
547** file that were written at the application level might have changed
548** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
549** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
550** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
551** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
552** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
553** elevated privileges.
554*/
555#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
556#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
557#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
558#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
559#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
560#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
561#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
562#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
563#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
564#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
565#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
568#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
569
570/*
571** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
572**
573** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
574** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
575** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
576*/
577#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
578#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
579#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
580#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
581#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
582
583/*
584** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
585**
586** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
587** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
588** these integer values as the second argument.
589**
590** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
591** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
592** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
593** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
594** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
595** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
596**
597** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
598** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
599** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
600** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
601** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
602** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
603** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
604** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
605** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
606** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
607** cares about the difference.)
608*/
609#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
610#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
611#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
612
613/*
614** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
615**
616** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
617** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
618** implementations will
619** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
620** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
621** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
622** I/O operations on the open file.
623*/
624typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
625struct sqlite3_file {
626  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
627};
628
629/*
630** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
631**
632** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
633** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
634** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
635** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
636** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
637**
638** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
639** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
640** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
641** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
642** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
643** to NULL.
644**
645** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
646** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
647** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
648** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
649** and not its inode needs to be synced.
650**
651** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
652** <ul>
653** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
654** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
655** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
656** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
657** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
658** </ul>
659** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
660** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
661** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
662** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
663** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
664**
665** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
666** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
667** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
668** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
669** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
670** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
671** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
672** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
673** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
674** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
675** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
676** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
677** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
678** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
679** recognize.
680**
681** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
682** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
683** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
684** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
685** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
686** underlying device:
687**
688** <ul>
689** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
690** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
691** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
692** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
693** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
694** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
695** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
696** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
697** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
698** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
699** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
700** </ul>
701**
702** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
703** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
704** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
705** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
706** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
707** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
708** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
709** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
710** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
711** to xWrite().
712**
713** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
714** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
715** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
716** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
717** database corruption.
718*/
719typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
720struct sqlite3_io_methods {
721  int iVersion;
722  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
723  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
724  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
725  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
726  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
727  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
728  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
729  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
730  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
731  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
732  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
733  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
734  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
735  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
736  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
737  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
738  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
739  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
740  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
741  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
742  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
743  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
744};
745
746/*
747** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
748** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
749**
750** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
751** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
752** interface.
753**
754** <ul>
755** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
756** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
757** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
758** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
759** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
760** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
761** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
762** compile-time option is used.
763**
764** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
765** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
766** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
767** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
768** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
769** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
770** file run faster.
771**
772** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
773** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
774** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
775** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
776** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
777** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
778** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
779** improve performance on some systems.
780**
781** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
782** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
783** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
784** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
785** additional information.
786**
787** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
788** No longer in use.
789**
790** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
791** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
792** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
793** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
794** because the user has configured SQLite with
795** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
796** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
797** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
798** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
799** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
800** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
801** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
802** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
803**
804** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
805** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
806** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
807** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
808** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
809** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
810** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
811**
812** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
813** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
814** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
815** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
816** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
817** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
818** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
819** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
820** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
821** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
822** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
823** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
824** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
825** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
826** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
827** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
828**
829** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
830** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
831** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
832** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
833** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
834** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
835** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
836** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
837** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
838** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
839** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
840** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
841** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
842** WAL persistence setting.
843**
844** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
845** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
846** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
847** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
848** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
849** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
850** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
851** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
852** zero-damage mode setting.
853**
854** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
855** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
856** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
857** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
858** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
859**
860** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
861** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
862** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
863** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
864** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
865** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
866** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
867** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
868** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
869** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
870** is intended for diagnostic use only.
871**
872** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
873** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
874** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
875** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
876** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
877** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
878** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
879** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
880** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
881** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
882** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
883** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
884** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
885** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
886** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
887** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
888** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
889** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
890** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
891** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
892** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
893** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
894** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
895** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
896**
897** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
898** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
899** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
900** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
901** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
902** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
903** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
904** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
905** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
906** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
907** current operation.
908**
909** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
910** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
911** to have SQLite generate a
912** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
913** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
914** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
915** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
916** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
917**
918** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
919** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
920** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
921** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
922** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
923** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
924** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
925** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
926** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
927**
928** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
929** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
930** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
931** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
932** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
933** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
934** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
935**
936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
937** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
938** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
939** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
940** was first opened.
941**
942** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
943** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
944** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
945** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
946** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
947**
948** </ul>
949*/
950#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
951#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
952#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
953#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
954#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
955#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
956#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
957#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
958#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
959#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
960#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
961#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
962#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
963#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
964#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
965#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
966#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
967#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
968#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
969#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
970#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
971#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
972
973/* deprecated names */
974#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
975#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
976#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
977
978
979/*
980** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
981**
982** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
983** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
984** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
985** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
986**
987** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
988*/
989typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
990
991/*
992** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
993**
994** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
995** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
996** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
997** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
998**
999** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1000** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1001** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1002** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1003** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1004** modified.
1005**
1006** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1007** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1008** a pathname in this VFS.
1009**
1010** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1011** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1012** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1013** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1014** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1015** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1016**
1017** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1018** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1019** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1020** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1021** object once the object has been registered.
1022**
1023** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1024** be unique across all VFS modules.
1025**
1026** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1027** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1028** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1029** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1030** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1031** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1032** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1033** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1034** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1035** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1036** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1037** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1038** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1039** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1040** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1041** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1042**
1043** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1044** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1045** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1046** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1047** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1048** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1049**
1050** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1051** call, depending on the object being opened:
1052**
1053** <ul>
1054** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1055** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1056** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1057** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1058** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1059** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1060** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1061** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1062** </ul>)^
1063**
1064** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1065** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1066** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1067** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1068** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1069** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1070** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1071** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1072**
1073** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1074**
1075** <ul>
1076** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1077** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1078** </ul>
1079**
1080** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1081** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1082** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1083** databases, and subjournals.
1084**
1085** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1086** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1087** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1088** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1089** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1090** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1091** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1092** for exclusive access.
1093**
1094** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1095** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1096** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1097** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1098** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1099** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1100** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1101** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1102** or failure of the xOpen call.
1103**
1104** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1105** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1106** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1107** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1108** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1109** directory.
1110**
1111** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1112** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1113** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1114** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1115** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1116** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1117**
1118** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1119** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1120** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1121** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1122** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1123** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1124** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1125** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1126** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1127** a floating point value.
1128** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1129** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1130** a 24-hour day).
1131** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1132** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1133** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1134** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1135**
1136** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1137** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1138** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1139** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1140** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1141** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1142** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1143** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1144** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1145** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1146** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1147*/
1148typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1149typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1150struct sqlite3_vfs {
1151  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1152  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1153  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1154  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1155  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1156  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1157  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1158               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1159  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1160  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1161  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1162  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1163  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1164  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1165  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1166  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1167  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1168  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1169  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1170  /*
1171  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1172  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1173  */
1174  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1175  /*
1176  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1177  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1178  */
1179  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1180  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1181  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1182  /*
1183  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1184  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1185  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1186  */
1187};
1188
1189/*
1190** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1191**
1192** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1193** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1194** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1195** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1196** simply checks whether the file exists.
1197** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1198** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1199** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1200** the directory).
1201** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1202** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1203** release of SQLite.
1204** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1205** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1206** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1207** SQLite.
1208*/
1209#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1210#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1211#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1212
1213/*
1214** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1215**
1216** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1217** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1218** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1219** xShmLock method:
1220**
1221** <ul>
1222** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1223** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1224** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1225** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1226** </ul>
1227**
1228** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1229** was given on the corresponding lock.
1230**
1231** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1232** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1233** and EXCLUSIVE.
1234*/
1235#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1236#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1237#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1238#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1239
1240/*
1241** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1242**
1243** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1244** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1245** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1246** lock outside of this range
1247*/
1248#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1249
1250
1251/*
1252** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1253**
1254** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1255** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1256** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1257** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1258** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1259** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1260**
1261** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1262** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1263** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1264** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1265** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1266** are harmless no-ops.)^
1267**
1268** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1269** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1270** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1271** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1272**
1273** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1274** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1275** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1276** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1277** sqlite3_shutdown().
1278**
1279** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1280** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1281** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1282**
1283** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1284** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1285** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1286** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1287**
1288** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1289** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1290** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1291** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1292** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1293** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1294** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1295** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1296** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1297** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1298** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1299** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1300** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1301** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1302**
1303** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1304** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1305** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1306** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1307** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1308** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1309** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1310**
1311** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1312** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1313** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1314** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1315** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1316** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1317** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1318** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1319** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1320** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1321** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1322** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1323** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1324** failure.
1325*/
1326int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1327int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1328int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1329int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1330
1331/*
1332** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1333**
1334** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1335** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1336** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1337** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1338** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1339**
1340** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1341** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1342** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1343** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1344** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1345** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1346** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1347** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1348** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1349**
1350** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1351** [configuration option] that determines
1352** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1353** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1354** in the first argument.
1355**
1356** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1357** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1358** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1359*/
1360int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1361
1362/*
1363** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1364**
1365** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1366** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1367** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1368** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1369**
1370** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1371** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1372** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1373** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1374**
1375** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1376** the call is considered successful.
1377*/
1378int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1379
1380/*
1381** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1382**
1383** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1384** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1385**
1386** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1387** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1388** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1389** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1390** By creating an instance of this object
1391** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1392** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1393** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1394** dynamic memory needs.
1395**
1396** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1397** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1398** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1399** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1400** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1401** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1402** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1403** conditions.
1404**
1405** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1406** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1407** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1408** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1409**
1410** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1411** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1412** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1413**
1414** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1415** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1416** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1417** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1418** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1419** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1420** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1421**
1422** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1423** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1424** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1425** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1426** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1427** xInit and xShutdown.
1428**
1429** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1430** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1431** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1432** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1433** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1434** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1435** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1436** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1437** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1438** serialization.
1439**
1440** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1441** call to xShutdown().
1442*/
1443typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1444struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1445  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1446  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1447  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1448  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1449  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1450  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1451  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1452  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1453};
1454
1455/*
1456** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1457** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1458**
1459** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1460** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1461**
1462** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1463** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1464** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1465** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1466** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1467** is invoked.
1468**
1469** <dl>
1470** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1471** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1472** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1473** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1474** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1475** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1476** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1477** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1478** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1479** configuration option.</dd>
1480**
1481** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1482** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1483** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1484** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1485** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1486** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1487** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1488** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1489** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1490** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1491** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1492** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1493** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1494**
1495** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1496** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1497** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1498** all mutexes including the recursive
1499** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1500** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1501** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1502** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1503** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1504** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1505** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1506** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1507** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1508** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1509** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1510**
1511** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1512** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1513** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1514** The argument specifies
1515** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1516** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1517** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1518** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1519**
1520** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1521** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1522** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1523** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1524** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1525** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1526** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1527** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1528**
1529** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1530** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1531** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1532** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1533** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1534**   <ul>
1535**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1536**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1537**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1538**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1539**   </ul>)^
1540** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1541** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1542** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1543** </dd>
1544**
1545** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1546** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1547** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1548** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1549** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1550** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1551** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1552** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1553** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1554** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1555** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1556** times the database page size.
1557** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1558** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1559** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1560** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1561** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1562** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1563** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1564** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1565** </dd>
1566**
1567** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1568** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a static memory buffer
1569** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1570** cache implementation.
1571** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1572** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]
1573** configuration option.
1574** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1575** 8-byte aligned
1576** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1577** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1578** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1579** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1580** can be determined using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ] option
1581** to [sqlite3_config()].
1582** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1583** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The first
1584** argument should pointer to an 8-byte aligned block of memory that
1585** is at least sz*N bytes of memory, otherwise subsequent behavior is
1586** undefined.
1587** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1588** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1589** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1590** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
1591**
1592** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1593** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1594** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1595** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1596** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1597** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1598** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1599** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1600** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1601** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1602** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1603** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1604** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1605** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1606** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1607** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1608** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1609** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1610** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1611** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1612**
1613** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1614** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1615** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1616** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1617** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1618** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1619** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1620** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1621** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1622** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1623** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1624**
1625** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1626** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1627** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1628** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1629** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1630** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1631** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1632** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1633** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1634** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1635** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1636** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1637**
1638** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1639** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1640** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1641** The first argument is the
1642** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1643** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1644** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1645** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1646** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1647**
1648** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1649** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1650** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1651** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1652** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1653**
1654** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1655** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1656** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1657** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1658**
1659** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1660** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1661** global [error log].
1662** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1663** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1664** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1665** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1666** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1667** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1668** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1669** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1670** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1671** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1672** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1673** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1674** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1675** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1676** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1677** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1678**
1679** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1680** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1681** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1682** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1683** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1684** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1685** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1686** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1687** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1688** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1689** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1690** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1691** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1692**
1693** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1694** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1695** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1696** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1697** ^The default setting is determined
1698** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1699** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1700** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1701** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1702** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1703** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1704** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1705**
1706** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1707** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1708** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1709** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1710** </dd>
1711**
1712** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1713** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1714** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1715** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1716** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1717** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1718** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1719** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1720** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1721** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1722** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1723** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1724** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1725** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1726** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1727** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1728**
1729** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1730** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1731** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1732** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1733** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1734** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1735** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1736** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1737** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1738** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1739** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1740** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1741** changed to its compile-time default.
1742**
1743** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1744** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1745** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1746** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1747** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1748** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1749**
1750** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1751** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1752** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1753** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1754** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1755** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1756** target platform, and SQLite version.
1757**
1758** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1759** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1760** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1761** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1762** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1763** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1764** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1765** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1766** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1767** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1768** </dl>
1769*/
1770#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1771#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1772#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1773#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1774#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1775#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1776#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1777#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1778#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1779#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1780#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1781/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1782#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1783#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1784#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1785#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1786#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1787#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1788#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1789#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1790#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1791#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1792#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1793#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1794#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1795
1796/*
1797** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1798**
1799** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1800** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1801**
1802** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1803** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1804** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1805** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1806** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1807** is invoked.
1808**
1809** <dl>
1810** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1811** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1812** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1813** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1814** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1815** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1816** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1817** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1818** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1819** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1820** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1821** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1822** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1823** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1824** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1825** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1826** when the "current value" returned by
1827** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1828** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1829** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1830** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1831**
1832** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1833** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1834** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1835** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1836** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1837** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1838** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1839** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1840** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1841**
1842** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1843** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1844** There should be two additional arguments.
1845** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1846** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1847** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1848** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1849** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1850** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1851**
1852** </dl>
1853*/
1854#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1855#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1856#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1857
1858
1859/*
1860** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1861**
1862** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1863** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1864** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1865*/
1866int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1867
1868/*
1869** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1870**
1871** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1872** has a unique 64-bit signed
1873** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1874** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1875** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1876** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1877** is another alias for the rowid.
1878**
1879** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1880** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1881** on database connection D.
1882** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1883** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1884** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1885** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1886**
1887** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1888** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1889** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1890** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1891** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1892** table method began.)^
1893**
1894** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1895** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1896** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1897** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1898** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1899** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1900** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1901** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1902** the return value of this interface.)^
1903**
1904** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1905** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1906**
1907** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1908** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1909**
1910** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1911** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1912** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1913** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1914** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1915** last insert [rowid].
1916*/
1917sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1918
1919/*
1920** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1921**
1922** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
1923** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
1924** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
1925** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
1926** returned by this function.
1927**
1928** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
1929** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
1930** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
1931**
1932** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
1933** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
1934** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
1935** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
1936** tables are counted.
1937**
1938** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
1939** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
1940** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
1941** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
1942**
1943** <ul>
1944**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
1945**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
1946**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
1947**
1948**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
1949**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
1950**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
1951**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
1952**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
1953** </ul>
1954**
1955** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
1956** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
1957** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
1958** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
1959** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
1960** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
1961**
1962** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1963** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1964**
1965** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1966** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1967** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1968*/
1969int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1970
1971/*
1972** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1973**
1974** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
1975** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
1976** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
1977** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
1978** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
1979**
1980** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
1981** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
1982** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
1983** are not counted.
1984**
1985** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1986** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1987**
1988** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1989** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1990** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1991*/
1992int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1993
1994/*
1995** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1996**
1997** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1998** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1999** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2000** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2001** immediately.
2002**
2003** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2004** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2005** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2006** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2007**
2008** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2009** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2010** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2011**
2012** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2013** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2014** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2015** will be rolled back automatically.
2016**
2017** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2018** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2019** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2020** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2021** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2022** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2023** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2024** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2025** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2026** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2027**
2028** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2029** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2030*/
2031void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2032
2033/*
2034** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2035**
2036** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2037** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2038** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2039** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2040** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2041** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2042** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2043** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2044** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2045** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2046** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2047**
2048** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2049** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2050**
2051** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2052** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2053**
2054** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2055** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2056** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2057** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2058** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2059**
2060** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2061** UTF-8 string.
2062**
2063** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2064** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2065*/
2066int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2067int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2068
2069/*
2070** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2071** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2072**
2073** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2074** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2075** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2076** [database connection] D when another thread
2077** or process has the table locked.
2078** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2079** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2080**
2081** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2082** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2083** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2084**
2085** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2086** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2087** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2088** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2089** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2090** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2091** to the application.
2092** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2093** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2094**
2095** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2096** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2097** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2098** to the application instead of invoking the
2099** busy handler.
2100** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2101** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2102** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2103** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2104** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2105** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2106** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2107** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2108** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2109** the second process to proceed.
2110**
2111** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2112**
2113** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2114** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2115** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2116** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2117** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2118**
2119** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2120** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2121** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2122** result in undefined behavior.
2123**
2124** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2125** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2126*/
2127int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2128
2129/*
2130** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2131**
2132** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2133** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2134** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2135** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2136** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2137** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2138**
2139** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2140** turns off all busy handlers.
2141**
2142** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2143** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2144** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2145** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2146**
2147** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2148*/
2149int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2150
2151/*
2152** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2153**
2154** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2155** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2156**
2157** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2158** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2159** complete query results from one or more queries.
2160**
2161** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2162** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2163** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2164** and M be the number of columns.
2165**
2166** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2167** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2168** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2169** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2170** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2171** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2172**
2173** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2174** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2175** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2176**
2177** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2178** is as follows:
2179**
2180** <blockquote><pre>
2181**        Name        | Age
2182**        -----------------------
2183**        Alice       | 43
2184**        Bob         | 28
2185**        Cindy       | 21
2186** </pre></blockquote>
2187**
2188** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2189** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2190** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2191**
2192** <blockquote><pre>
2193**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2194**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2195**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2196**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2197**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2198**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2199**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2200**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2201** </pre></blockquote>)^
2202**
2203** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2204** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2205** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2206** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2207**
2208** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2209** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2210** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2211** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2212** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2213** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2214**
2215** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2216** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2217** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2218** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2219** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2220** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2221** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2222*/
2223int sqlite3_get_table(
2224  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2225  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2226  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2227  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2228  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2229  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2230);
2231void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2232
2233/*
2234** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2235**
2236** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2237** from the standard C library.
2238** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2239** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2240** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2241** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2242**
2243** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2244** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2245** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2246** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2247** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2248** memory to hold the resulting string.
2249**
2250** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2251** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2252** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2253** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2254** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2255** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2256** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2257** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2258** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2259** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2260** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2261** now without breaking compatibility.
2262**
2263** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2264** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2265** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2266** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2267** written will be n-1 characters.
2268**
2269** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2270**
2271** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2272** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2273** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2274** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2275**
2276** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2277** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2278** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2279** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2280** the string.
2281**
2282** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2283**
2284** <blockquote><pre>
2285**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2286** </pre></blockquote>
2287**
2288** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2289**
2290** <blockquote><pre>
2291**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2292**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2293**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2294** </pre></blockquote>
2295**
2296** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2297** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2298**
2299** <blockquote><pre>
2300**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2301** </pre></blockquote>
2302**
2303** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2304** would have looked like this:
2305**
2306** <blockquote><pre>
2307**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2308** </pre></blockquote>
2309**
2310** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2311** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2312**
2313** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2314** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2315** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2316** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2317**
2318** <blockquote><pre>
2319**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2320**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2321**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2322** </pre></blockquote>
2323**
2324** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2325** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2326**
2327** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2328** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2329** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2330** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2331** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2332**
2333** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2334** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2335** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2336*/
2337char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2338char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2339char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2340char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2341
2342/*
2343** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2344**
2345** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2346** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2347** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2348** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2349**
2350** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2351** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2352** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2353** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2354** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2355** a NULL pointer.
2356**
2357** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2358** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2359** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2360**
2361** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2362** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2363** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2364** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2365** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2366** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2367** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2368** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2369** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2370** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2371**
2372** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2373** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2374** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2375** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2376** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2377** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2378** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2379** sqlite3_free(X).
2380** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2381** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2382** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2383** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2384** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2385** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2386** prior allocation is not freed.
2387**
2388** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2389** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2390** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2391**
2392** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2393** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2394** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2395** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2396** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2397** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2398** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2399** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2400** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2401**
2402** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2403** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2404** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2405** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2406** option is used.
2407**
2408** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2409** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2410** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2411** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2412**
2413** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2414** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2415** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2416** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2417** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2418** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2419** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2420**
2421** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2422** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2423** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2424** not yet been released.
2425**
2426** The application must not read or write any part of
2427** a block of memory after it has been released using
2428** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2429*/
2430void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2431void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2432void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2433void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2434void sqlite3_free(void*);
2435sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2436
2437/*
2438** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2439**
2440** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2441** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2442** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2443**
2444** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2445** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2446** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2447** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2448** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2449** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2450** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2451** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2452** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2453**
2454** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2455** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2456** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2457** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2458** prior to the reset.
2459*/
2460sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2461sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2462
2463/*
2464** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2465**
2466** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2467** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2468** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2469** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2470** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2471**
2472** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2473** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2474**
2475** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2476** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2477** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2478** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2479** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2480** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2481** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2482** method.
2483*/
2484void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2485
2486/*
2487** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2488**
2489** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2490** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2491** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2492** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2493** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2494** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2495** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2496** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2497** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2498** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2499** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2500** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2501** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2502** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2503** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2504**
2505** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2506** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2507** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2508** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2509** access is denied.
2510**
2511** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2512** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2513** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2514** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2515** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2516** details about the action to be authorized.
2517**
2518** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2519** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2520** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2521** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2522** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2523** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2524** columns of a table.
2525** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2526** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2527** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2528**
2529** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2530** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2531** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2532** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2533** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2534** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2535** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2536** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2537** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2538** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2539**
2540** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2541** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2542** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2543** in addition to using an authorizer.
2544**
2545** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2546** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2547** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2548** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2549**
2550** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2551** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2552** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2553** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2554**
2555** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2556** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2557** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2558** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2559**
2560** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2561** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2562** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2563** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2564** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2565*/
2566int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2567  sqlite3*,
2568  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2569  void *pUserData
2570);
2571
2572/*
2573** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2574**
2575** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2576** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2577** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2578** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2579** information.
2580**
2581** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2582** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2583*/
2584#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2585#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2586
2587/*
2588** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2589**
2590** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2591** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2592** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2593** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2594** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2595**
2596** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2597** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2598** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2599** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2600** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2601** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2602** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2603** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2604** top-level SQL code.
2605*/
2606/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2607#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2608#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2609#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2610#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2611#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2612#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2613#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2614#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2615#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2616#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2617#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2618#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2619#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2620#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2621#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2622#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2623#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2624#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2625#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2626#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2627#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2628#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2629#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2630#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2631#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2632#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2633#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2634#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2635#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2636#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2637#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2638#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2639#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2640#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2641
2642/*
2643** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2644**
2645** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2646** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2647**
2648** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2649** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2650** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2651** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2652** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2653** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2654** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2655**
2656** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2657** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2658**
2659** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2660** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2661** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2662** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2663** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2664** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2665** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2666** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2667** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2668** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2669*/
2670void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2671SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2672   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2673
2674/*
2675** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2676**
2677** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2678** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2679** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2680** database connection D.  An example use for this
2681** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2682**
2683** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2684** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2685** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2686** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2687** handler is disabled.
2688**
2689** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2690** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2691** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2692** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2693** than 1.
2694**
2695** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2696** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2697** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2698**
2699** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2700** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2701** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2702** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2703**
2704*/
2705void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2706
2707/*
2708** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2709**
2710** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2711** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2712** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2713** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2714** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2715** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2716** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2717** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2718** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2719** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2720** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2721** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2722**
2723** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2724** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2725** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2726**
2727** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2728** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2729** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2730**
2731** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2732** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2733** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2734** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2735** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2736** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2737** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2738**
2739** <dl>
2740** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2741** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2742** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2743**
2744** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2745** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2746** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2747** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2748**
2749** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2750** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2751** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2752** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2753** </dl>
2754**
2755** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2756** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2757** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2758** then the behavior is undefined.
2759**
2760** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2761** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2762** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2763** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2764** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2765** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2766** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2767** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2768** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2769** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2770** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2771**
2772** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2773** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2774** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2775** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2776**
2777** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2778** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2779** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2780** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2781** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2782** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2783** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2784**
2785** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2786** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2787** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2788**
2789** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2790**
2791** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2792** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2793** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2794** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2795** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2796** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2797** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2798** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2799** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2800** information.
2801**
2802** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2803** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2804** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2805** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2806** present, is ignored.
2807**
2808** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2809** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2810** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2811** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2812** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2813** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2814** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2815**
2816** [[core URI query parameters]]
2817** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2818** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2819** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2820** following query parameters:
2821**
2822** <ul>
2823**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2824**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2825**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2826**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2827**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2828**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2829**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2830**
2831**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2832**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2833**     an error)^.
2834**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2835**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2836**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2837**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2838**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2839**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2840**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2841**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2842**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2843**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2844**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2845**
2846**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2847**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2848**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2849**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2850**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2851**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2852**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2853**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2854**
2855**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2856**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2857**     storage media on which the database file resides.
2858**
2859**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2860**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2861**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2862**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2863**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2864**     processes uses nolock=1.
2865**
2866**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2867**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2868**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2869**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2870**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2871**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2872**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2873**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2874**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2875**
2876** </ul>
2877**
2878** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2879** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2880** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2881** additional information.
2882**
2883** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2884**
2885** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2886** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2887** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2888**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2889** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2890**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2891**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2892**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2893** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2894**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2895** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2896**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2897**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2898**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2899**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2900**          in URI filenames.
2901** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2902**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2903**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2904**          default, use a private cache.
2905** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2906**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2907**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2908** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2909**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2910** </table>
2911**
2912** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2913** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2914** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2915** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2916** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2917** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2918** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2919** the results are undefined.
2920**
2921** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2922** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2923** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2924** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2925** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2926**
2927** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2928** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2929** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2930**
2931** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2932*/
2933int sqlite3_open(
2934  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2935  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2936);
2937int sqlite3_open16(
2938  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2939  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2940);
2941int sqlite3_open_v2(
2942  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2943  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2944  int flags,              /* Flags */
2945  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2946);
2947
2948/*
2949** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2950**
2951** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2952** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2953** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2954**
2955** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2956** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2957** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2958** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2959** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2960** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2961** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2962** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2963** a pointer to an empty string.
2964**
2965** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2966** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2967** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2968** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2969** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2970** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2971** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2972** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2973** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2974** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2975**
2976** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2977** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2978** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2979** zero is returned.
2980**
2981** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2982** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2983** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2984** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2985** undesirable.
2986*/
2987const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2988int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2989sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2990
2991
2992/*
2993** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2994**
2995** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2996** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2997** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2998** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2999** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3000** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3001** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3002** disabled.
3003**
3004** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3005** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3006** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3007** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3008** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3009** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3010**
3011** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3012** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3013** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3014** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3015**
3016** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3017** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3018** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3019** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3020** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3021** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3022** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3023** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3024** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3025**
3026** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3027** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3028** error code and message may or may not be set.
3029*/
3030int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3031int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3032const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3033const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3034const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3035
3036/*
3037** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
3038** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3039**
3040** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
3041** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
3042** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
3043**
3044** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
3045**
3046** <ol>
3047** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
3048**      function.
3049** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3050**      interfaces.
3051** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3052** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3053**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3054** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3055** </ol>
3056**
3057** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
3058** information.
3059*/
3060typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3061
3062/*
3063** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3064**
3065** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3066** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3067** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3068** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3069** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3070** new limit for that construct.)^
3071**
3072** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3073** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3074** [limits | hard upper bound]
3075** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3076** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3077** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3078** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3079** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3080**
3081** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3082** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3083** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3084** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3085**
3086** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3087** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3088** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3089** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3090** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3091** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3092** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3093** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3094** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3095** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3096** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3097** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3098**
3099** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3100*/
3101int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3102
3103/*
3104** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3105** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3106**
3107** These constants define various performance limits
3108** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3109** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3110** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3111**
3112** <dl>
3113** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3114** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3115**
3116** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3117** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3118**
3119** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3120** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3121** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3122** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3123**
3124** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3125** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3126**
3127** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3128** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3129**
3130** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3131** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3132** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3133** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3134** SQLite.</dd>)^
3135**
3136** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3137** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3138**
3139** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3140** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3141**
3142** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3143** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3144** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3145** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3146**
3147** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3148** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3149** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3150**
3151** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3152** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3153**
3154** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3155** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3156** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3157** </dl>
3158*/
3159#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3160#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3161#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3162#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3163#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3164#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3165#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3166#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3167#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3168#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3169#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3170#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3171
3172/*
3173** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3174** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3175**
3176** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3177** program using one of these routines.
3178**
3179** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3180** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3181** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3182**
3183** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3184** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3185** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3186** use UTF-16.
3187**
3188** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3189** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3190** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3191** statement is generated.
3192** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3193** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3194** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3195** the nul-terminator.
3196**
3197** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3198** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3199** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3200** what remains uncompiled.
3201**
3202** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3203** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3204** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3205** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3206** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3207** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3208** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3209**
3210** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3211** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3212**
3213** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3214** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3215** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3216** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3217** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3218** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3219** behave differently in three ways:
3220**
3221** <ol>
3222** <li>
3223** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3224** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3225** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3226** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3227** </li>
3228**
3229** <li>
3230** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3231** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3232** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3233** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3234** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3235** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3236** </li>
3237**
3238** <li>
3239** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3240** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3241** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3242** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3243** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3244** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3245** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3246** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3247** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3248** </li>
3249** </ol>
3250*/
3251int sqlite3_prepare(
3252  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3253  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3254  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3255  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3256  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3257);
3258int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3259  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3260  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3261  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3262  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3263  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3264);
3265int sqlite3_prepare16(
3266  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3267  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3268  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3269  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3270  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3271);
3272int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3273  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3274  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3275  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3276  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3277  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3278);
3279
3280/*
3281** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3282**
3283** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3284** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3285** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3286*/
3287const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3288
3289/*
3290** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3291**
3292** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3293** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3294** the content of the database file.
3295**
3296** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3297** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3298** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3299** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3300** change the database file through side-effects:
3301**
3302** <blockquote><pre>
3303**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3304** </pre></blockquote>
3305**
3306** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3307** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3308**
3309** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3310** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3311** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3312** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3313** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3314** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3315** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3316** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3317*/
3318int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3319
3320/*
3321** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3322**
3323** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3324** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3325** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3326** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3327** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3328** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3329** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3330**
3331** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3332** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3333** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3334** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3335** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3336*/
3337int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3338
3339/*
3340** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3341** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3342**
3343** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3344** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3345** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3346** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3347**
3348** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3349** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3350** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3351** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3352** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3353**
3354** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3355** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3356** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3357** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3358** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3359** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3360** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3361** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3362** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3363** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3364** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3365** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3366**
3367** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3368** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3369** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3370** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3371** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3372** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3373** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3374** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3375*/
3376typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3377
3378/*
3379** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3380**
3381** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3382** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3383** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3384** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3385** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3386** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3387** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3388** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3389*/
3390typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3391
3392/*
3393** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3394** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3395** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3396**
3397** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3398** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3399** templates:
3400**
3401** <ul>
3402** <li>  ?
3403** <li>  ?NNN
3404** <li>  :VVV
3405** <li>  @VVV
3406** <li>  $VVV
3407** </ul>
3408**
3409** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3410** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3411** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3412** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3413**
3414** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3415** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3416** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3417**
3418** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3419** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3420** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3421** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3422** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3423** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3424** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3425** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3426** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3427**
3428** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3429** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3430** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3431** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3432**
3433** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3434** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3435** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3436** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3437** is negative, then the length of the string is
3438** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3439** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3440** the behavior is undefined.
3441** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3442** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3443** that parameter must be the byte offset
3444** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3445** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3446** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3447** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3448** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3449**
3450** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3451** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3452** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3453** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3454** ^If the fifth argument is
3455** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3456** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3457** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3458** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3459** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3460**
3461** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3462** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3463** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3464** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3465** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3466** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3467** is undefined.
3468**
3469** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3470** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3471** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3472** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3473** content is later written using
3474** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3475** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3476**
3477** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3478** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3479** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3480** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3481** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3482** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3483**
3484** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3485** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3486**
3487** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3488** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3489** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3490** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3491** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3492** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3493** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3494**
3495** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3496** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3497*/
3498int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3499int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3500                        void(*)(void*));
3501int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3502int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3503int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3504int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3505int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3506int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3507int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3508                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3509int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3510int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3511
3512/*
3513** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3514**
3515** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3516** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3517** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3518** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3519** to the parameters at a later time.
3520**
3521** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3522** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3523** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3524** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3525**
3526** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3527** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3528** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3529*/
3530int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3531
3532/*
3533** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3534**
3535** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3536** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3537** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3538** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3539** respectively.
3540** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3541** is included as part of the name.)^
3542** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3543** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3544**
3545** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3546**
3547** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3548** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3549** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3550** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3551** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3552**
3553** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3554** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3555** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3556*/
3557const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3558
3559/*
3560** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3561**
3562** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3563** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3564** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3565** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3566** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3567** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3568**
3569** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3570** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3571** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3572*/
3573int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3574
3575/*
3576** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3577**
3578** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3579** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3580** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3581*/
3582int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3583
3584/*
3585** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3586**
3587** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3588** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3589** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3590**
3591** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3592*/
3593int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3594
3595/*
3596** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3597**
3598** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3599** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3600** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3601** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3602** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3603** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3604** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3605**
3606** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3607** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3608** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3609** or until the next call to
3610** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3611**
3612** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3613** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3614** NULL pointer is returned.
3615**
3616** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3617** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3618** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3619** one release of SQLite to the next.
3620*/
3621const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3622const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3623
3624/*
3625** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3626**
3627** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3628** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3629** [SELECT] statement.
3630** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3631** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3632** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3633** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3634** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3635** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3636** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3637** or until the same information is requested
3638** again in a different encoding.
3639**
3640** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3641** database, table, and column.
3642**
3643** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3644** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3645** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3646** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3647**
3648** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3649** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3650** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3651** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3652** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3653**
3654** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3655** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3656**
3657** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3658** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3659**
3660** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3661** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3662** undefined.
3663**
3664** If two or more threads call one or more
3665** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3666** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3667** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3668*/
3669const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3670const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3671const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3672const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3673const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3674const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3675
3676/*
3677** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3678**
3679** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3680** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3681** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3682** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3683** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3684** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3685** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3686**
3687** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3688**
3689** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3690**
3691** and the following statement to be compiled:
3692**
3693** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3694**
3695** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3696** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3697**
3698** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3699** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3700** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3701** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3702** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3703** used to hold those values.
3704*/
3705const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3706const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3707
3708/*
3709** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3710**
3711** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3712** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3713** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3714** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3715**
3716** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3717** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3718** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3719** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3720** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3721** interface will continue to be supported.
3722**
3723** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3724** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3725** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3726** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3727**
3728** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3729** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3730** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3731** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3732** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3733** continuing.
3734**
3735** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3736** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3737** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3738** machine back to its initial state.
3739**
3740** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3741** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3742** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3743** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3744**
3745** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3746** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3747** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3748** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3749** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3750** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3751** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3752** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3753**
3754** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3755** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3756** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3757** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3758** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3759** more threads at the same moment in time.
3760**
3761** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3762** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3763** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3764** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3765** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3766** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3767** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3768** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3769** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3770** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3771** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3772**
3773** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3774** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3775** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3776** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3777** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3778** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3779** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3780** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3781** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3782** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3783** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3784*/
3785int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3786
3787/*
3788** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3789**
3790** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3791** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3792** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3793** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3794** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3795** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3796** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3797** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3798** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3799** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3800** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3801** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3802**
3803** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3804*/
3805int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3806
3807/*
3808** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3809** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3810**
3811** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3812**
3813** <ul>
3814** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3815** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3816** <li> string
3817** <li> BLOB
3818** <li> NULL
3819** </ul>)^
3820**
3821** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3822**
3823** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3824** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3825** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3826** SQLITE_TEXT.
3827*/
3828#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3829#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3830#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3831#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3832#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3833# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3834#else
3835# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3836#endif
3837#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3838
3839/*
3840** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3841** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3842**
3843** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3844**
3845** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3846** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3847** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3848** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3849** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3850** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3851** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3852** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3853**
3854** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3855** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3856** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3857** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3858** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3859** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3860** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3861** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3862** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3863** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3864** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3865**
3866** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3867** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3868** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3869** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3870** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3871** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3872** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3873** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3874** following a type conversion.
3875**
3876** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3877** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3878** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3879** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3880** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3881** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3882** the number of bytes in that string.
3883** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3884**
3885** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3886** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3887** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3888** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3889** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3890** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3891** the number of bytes in that string.
3892** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3893**
3894** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3895** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3896** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3897** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3898** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3899**
3900** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3901** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3902** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3903**
3904** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3905** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3906** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3907** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3908** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3909** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3910** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3911**
3912** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3913** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3914** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3915** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3916** that are applied:
3917**
3918** <blockquote>
3919** <table border="1">
3920** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3921**
3922** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3923** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3924** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3925** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3926** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3927** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3928** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3929** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3930** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3931** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3932** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3933** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3934** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3935** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3936** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3937** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3938** </table>
3939** </blockquote>)^
3940**
3941** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3942** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3943** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3944** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3945** C programmers.
3946**
3947** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3948** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3949** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3950** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3951** in the following cases:
3952**
3953** <ul>
3954** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3955**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3956**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3957** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3958**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3959**      to UTF-16.</li>
3960** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3961**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3962**      to UTF-8.</li>
3963** </ul>
3964**
3965** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3966** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3967** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3968** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3969** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3970**
3971** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3972** in one of the following ways:
3973**
3974** <ul>
3975**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3976**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3977**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3978** </ul>
3979**
3980** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3981** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3982** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3983** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3984** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3985** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3986** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3987**
3988** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3989** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3990** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3991** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3992** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3993** [sqlite3_free()].
3994**
3995** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3996** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3997** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3998** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3999** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4000*/
4001const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4002int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4003int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4004double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4005int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4006sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4007const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4008const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4009int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4010sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4011
4012/*
4013** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4014**
4015** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4016** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4017** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4018** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4019** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4020** [extended error code].
4021**
4022** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4023** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4024** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4025** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4026** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4027** completed execution.
4028**
4029** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4030**
4031** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4032** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4033** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4034** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4035** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4036*/
4037int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4038
4039/*
4040** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4041**
4042** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4043** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4044** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4045** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4046** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4047**
4048** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4049** back to the beginning of its program.
4050**
4051** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4052** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4053** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4054** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4055**
4056** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4057** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4058** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4059**
4060** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4061** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4062*/
4063int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4064
4065/*
4066** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4067** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4068** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4069** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4070**
4071** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4072** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4073** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4074** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4075** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4076** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4077** the application data pointer.
4078**
4079** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4080** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4081** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4082** to each database connection separately.
4083**
4084** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4085** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4086** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4087** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4088** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4089** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4090**
4091** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4092** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4093** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4094** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4095** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4096** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4097** undefined.
4098**
4099** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4100** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4101** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4102** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4103** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4104** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4105** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4106** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4107** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4108** each encoding.
4109** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4110** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4111**
4112** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4113** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4114** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4115** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4116** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4117** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4118** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4119**
4120** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4121** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4122**
4123** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4124** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4125** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4126** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4127** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4128** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4129** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4130** callbacks.
4131**
4132** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4133** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4134** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4135** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4136** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4137** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4138** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4139** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4140** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4141**
4142** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4143** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4144** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4145** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4146** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4147** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4148** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4149** matches the database encoding is a better
4150** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4151** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4152** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4153** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4154**
4155** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4156**
4157** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4158** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4159** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4160** statement in which the function is running.
4161*/
4162int sqlite3_create_function(
4163  sqlite3 *db,
4164  const char *zFunctionName,
4165  int nArg,
4166  int eTextRep,
4167  void *pApp,
4168  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4169  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4170  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4171);
4172int sqlite3_create_function16(
4173  sqlite3 *db,
4174  const void *zFunctionName,
4175  int nArg,
4176  int eTextRep,
4177  void *pApp,
4178  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4179  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4180  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4181);
4182int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4183  sqlite3 *db,
4184  const char *zFunctionName,
4185  int nArg,
4186  int eTextRep,
4187  void *pApp,
4188  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4189  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4190  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4191  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4192);
4193
4194/*
4195** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4196**
4197** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4198** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4199*/
4200#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4201#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4202#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4203#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4204#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4205#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4206
4207/*
4208** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4209**
4210** These constants may be ORed together with the
4211** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4212** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4213** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4214*/
4215#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4216
4217/*
4218** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4219** DEPRECATED
4220**
4221** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4222** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4223** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4224** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4225** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4226*/
4227#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4228SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4229SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4230SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4231SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4232SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4233SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4234                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4235#endif
4236
4237/*
4238** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4239**
4240** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4241** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4242** the function or aggregate.
4243**
4244** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4245** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4246** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4247** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4248** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4249** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4250** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4251**
4252** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4253** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4254** object results in undefined behavior.
4255**
4256** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4257** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4258** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4259**
4260** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4261** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4262** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4263** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4264**
4265** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4266** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4267** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4268** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4269** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4270** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4271** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4272**
4273** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4274** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4275** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4276** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4277** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4278**
4279** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4280** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4281*/
4282const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4283int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4284int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4285double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4286int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4287sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4288const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4289const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4290const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4291const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4292int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4293int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4294
4295/*
4296** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4297**
4298** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4299** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4300**
4301** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4302** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4303** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4304** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4305** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4306** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4307** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4308** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4309** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4310** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4311** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4312** first time from within xFinal().)^
4313**
4314** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4315** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4316** allocate error occurs.
4317**
4318** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4319** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4320** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4321** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4322** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4323** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4324** pointless memory allocations occur.
4325**
4326** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4327** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4328**
4329** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4330** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4331** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4332** function.
4333**
4334** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4335** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4336*/
4337void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4338
4339/*
4340** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4341**
4342** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4343** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4344** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4345** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4346** registered the application defined function.
4347**
4348** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4349** the application-defined function is running.
4350*/
4351void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4352
4353/*
4354** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4355**
4356** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4357** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4358** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4359** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4360** registered the application defined function.
4361*/
4362sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4363
4364/*
4365** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4366**
4367** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4368** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4369** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4370** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4371** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4372** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4373** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4374** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4375** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4376** invocations of the same function.
4377**
4378** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4379** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4380** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4381** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4382** returns a NULL pointer.
4383**
4384** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4385** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4386** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4387** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4388** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4389** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4390** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4391** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4392** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4393** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4394** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4395**      SQL statement, or
4396** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4397** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4398**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4399**
4400** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4401** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4402** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4403** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4404** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4405** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4406**
4407** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4408** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4409** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4410**
4411** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4412** the SQL function is running.
4413*/
4414void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4415void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4416
4417
4418/*
4419** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4420**
4421** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4422** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4423** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4424** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4425** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4426** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4427** the content before returning.
4428**
4429** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4430** C++ compilers.
4431*/
4432typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4433#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4434#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4435
4436/*
4437** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4438**
4439** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4440** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4441** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4442** for additional information.
4443**
4444** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4445** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4446** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4447**
4448** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4449** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4450** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4451** third parameter.
4452**
4453** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4454** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4455** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4456**
4457** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4458** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4459** by its 2nd argument.
4460**
4461** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4462** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4463** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4464** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4465** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4466** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4467** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4468** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4469** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4470** message all text up through the first zero character.
4471** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4472** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4473** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4474** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4475** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4476** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4477** modify the text after they return without harm.
4478** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4479** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4480** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4481** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4482**
4483** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4484** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4485**
4486** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4487** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4488**
4489** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4490** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4491** value given in the 2nd argument.
4492** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4493** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4494** value given in the 2nd argument.
4495**
4496** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4497** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4498**
4499** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4500** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4501** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4502** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4503** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4504** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4505** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4506** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4507** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4508** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4509** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4510** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4511** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4512** through the first zero character.
4513** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4514** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4515** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4516** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4517** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4518** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4519** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4520** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4521** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4522** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4523** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4524** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4525** finished using that result.
4526** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4527** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4528** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4529** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4530** when it has finished using that result.
4531** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4532** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4533** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4534** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4535**
4536** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4537** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4538** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4539** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4540** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4541** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4542** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4543** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4544** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4545**
4546** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4547** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4548** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4549*/
4550void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4551void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4552                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4553void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4554void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4555void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4556void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4557void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4558void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4559void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4560void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4561void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4562void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4563void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4564                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4565void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4566void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4567void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4568void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4569void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4570
4571/*
4572** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4573**
4574** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4575** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4576**
4577** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4578** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4579** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4580** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4581** considered to be the same name.
4582**
4583** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4584** <ul>
4585** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4586** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4587** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4588** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4589** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4590** </ul>)^
4591** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4592** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4593** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4594** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4595** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4596** on an even byte address.
4597**
4598** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4599** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4600**
4601** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4602** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4603** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4604** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4605** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4606** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4607** that collation is no longer usable.
4608**
4609** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4610** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4611** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4612** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4613** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4614** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4615** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4616** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4617** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4618** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4619** strings A, B, and C:
4620**
4621** <ol>
4622** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4623** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4624** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4625** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4626** </ol>
4627**
4628** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4629** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4630** is undefined.
4631**
4632** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4633** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4634** the collating function is deleted.
4635** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4636** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4637** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4638**
4639** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4640** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4641** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4642** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4643** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4644** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4645** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4646** compatibility.
4647**
4648** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4649*/
4650int sqlite3_create_collation(
4651  sqlite3*,
4652  const char *zName,
4653  int eTextRep,
4654  void *pArg,
4655  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4656);
4657int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4658  sqlite3*,
4659  const char *zName,
4660  int eTextRep,
4661  void *pArg,
4662  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4663  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4664);
4665int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4666  sqlite3*,
4667  const void *zName,
4668  int eTextRep,
4669  void *pArg,
4670  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4671);
4672
4673/*
4674** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4675**
4676** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4677** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4678** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4679** sequence is required.
4680**
4681** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4682** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4683** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4684** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4685** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4686**
4687** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4688** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4689** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4690** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4691** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4692** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4693** required collation sequence.)^
4694**
4695** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4696** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4697** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4698*/
4699int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4700  sqlite3*,
4701  void*,
4702  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4703);
4704int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4705  sqlite3*,
4706  void*,
4707  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4708);
4709
4710#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4711/*
4712** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4713** called right after sqlite3_open().
4714**
4715** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4716** of SQLite.
4717*/
4718int sqlite3_key(
4719  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4720  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4721);
4722int sqlite3_key_v2(
4723  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4724  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4725  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4726);
4727
4728/*
4729** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4730** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4731** database is decrypted.
4732**
4733** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4734** of SQLite.
4735*/
4736int sqlite3_rekey(
4737  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4738  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4739);
4740int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4741  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4742  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4743  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4744);
4745
4746/*
4747** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4748** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4749*/
4750void sqlite3_activate_see(
4751  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4752);
4753#endif
4754
4755#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4756/*
4757** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4758** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4759*/
4760void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4761  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4762);
4763#endif
4764
4765/*
4766** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4767**
4768** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4769** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4770**
4771** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4772** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4773** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4774** requested from the operating system is returned.
4775**
4776** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4777** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4778** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4779** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4780** in the previous paragraphs.
4781*/
4782int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4783
4784/*
4785** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4786**
4787** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4788** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4789** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4790** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4791** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4792** temporary file directory.
4793**
4794** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4795** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4796** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4797** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4798** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4799** be avoided in new projects.
4800**
4801** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4802** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4803** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4804** thread.
4805** It is intended that this variable be set once
4806** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4807** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4808** thereafter.
4809**
4810** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4811** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4812** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4813** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4814** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4815** using [sqlite3_free].
4816** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4817** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4818** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4819** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4820** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4821** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4822** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4823** objects have been destroyed.
4824**
4825** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4826** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4827** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4828** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4829**
4830** <blockquote><pre>
4831** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4832** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4833** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4834** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4835** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4836** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4837** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4838** </pre></blockquote>
4839*/
4840SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4841
4842/*
4843** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4844**
4845** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4846** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4847** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4848** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4849** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4850** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4851** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4852** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4853** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4854**
4855** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4856** open can result in a corrupt database.
4857**
4858** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4859** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4860** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4861** thread.
4862** It is intended that this variable be set once
4863** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4864** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4865** thereafter.
4866**
4867** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4868** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4869** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4870** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4871** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4872** using [sqlite3_free].
4873** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4874** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4875** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4876*/
4877SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4878
4879/*
4880** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4881** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4882**
4883** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4884** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4885** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4886** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4887** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4888**
4889** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4890** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4891** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4892** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4893** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4894** an error is to use this function.
4895**
4896** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4897** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4898** is undefined.
4899*/
4900int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4901
4902/*
4903** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4904**
4905** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4906** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4907** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4908** that was the first argument
4909** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4910** create the statement in the first place.
4911*/
4912sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4913
4914/*
4915** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4916**
4917** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4918** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4919** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4920** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4921** a NULL pointer is returned.
4922**
4923** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4924** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4925** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4926** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4927*/
4928const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4929
4930/*
4931** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4932**
4933** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4934** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4935** the name of a database on connection D.
4936*/
4937int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4938
4939/*
4940** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4941**
4942** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4943** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4944** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4945** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4946** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4947**
4948** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4949** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4950** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4951*/
4952sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4953
4954/*
4955** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4956**
4957** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4958** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4959** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4960** for the same database connection is overridden.
4961** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4962** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4963** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4964** for the same database connection is overridden.
4965** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4966** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4967** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4968**
4969** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4970** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4971** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4972** the first call for each function on D.
4973**
4974** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4975** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4976** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4977** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4978** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4979** or rollback hook in the first place.
4980** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4981** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4982** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4983**
4984** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4985**
4986** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4987** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4988** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4989** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4990** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4991**
4992** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4993** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4994** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4995** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4996** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4997**
4998** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4999*/
5000void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5001void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5002
5003/*
5004** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5005**
5006** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5007** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5008** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5009** a rowid table.
5010** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5011** for the same database connection is overridden.
5012**
5013** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5014** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5015** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5016** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5017** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5018** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5019** to be invoked.
5020** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5021** database and table name containing the affected row.
5022** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5023** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5024**
5025** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5026** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5027** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5028**
5029** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5030** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5031** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5032** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5033** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5034** release of SQLite.
5035**
5036** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5037** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5038** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5039** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5040** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5041** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5042**
5043** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5044** returns the P argument from the previous call
5045** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5046** the first call on D.
5047**
5048** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
5049** interfaces.
5050*/
5051void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5052  sqlite3*,
5053  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5054  void*
5055);
5056
5057/*
5058** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5059**
5060** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5061** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5062** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5063** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5064**
5065** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5066** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5067** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5068**
5069** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5070** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5071** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5072** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5073**
5074** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5075** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5076**
5077** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5078** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5079** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5080**
5081** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5082** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5083** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5084** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5085**
5086** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5087** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5088**
5089** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5090*/
5091int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5092
5093/*
5094** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5095**
5096** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5097** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5098** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5099** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5100** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5101** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5102** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5103** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5104**
5105** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5106*/
5107int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5108
5109/*
5110** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5111**
5112** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5113** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5114** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5115** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5116** omitted.
5117**
5118** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5119*/
5120int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5121
5122/*
5123** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5124**
5125** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5126** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5127** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5128** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5129** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5130** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5131** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5132** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5133** is advisory only.
5134**
5135** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5136** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5137** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5138** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5139** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5140** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5141**
5142** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5143**
5144** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5145** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5146**
5147** <ul>
5148** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5149** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5150**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5151**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5152** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5153**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5154** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5155**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5156**      from the heap.
5157** </ul>)^
5158**
5159** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5160** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5161** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5162** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5163** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5164** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5165** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5166** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5167** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5168**
5169** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5170** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5171*/
5172sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5173
5174/*
5175** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5176** DEPRECATED
5177**
5178** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5179** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5180** only.  All new applications should use the
5181** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5182*/
5183SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5184
5185
5186/*
5187** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5188**
5189** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5190** information about column C of table T in database D
5191** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5192** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5193** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5194** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5195** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5196** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5197** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
5198** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5199** does not.
5200**
5201** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5202** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5203** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5204** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5205** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5206** resolve unqualified table references.
5207**
5208** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5209** name of the desired column, respectively.
5210**
5211** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5212** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5213** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5214**
5215** ^(<blockquote>
5216** <table border="1">
5217** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5218**
5219** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5220** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5221** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5222** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5223** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5224** </table>
5225** </blockquote>)^
5226**
5227** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5228** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5229** call to any SQLite API function.
5230**
5231** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5232**
5233** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5234** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5235** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5236** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5237** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5238** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5239**
5240** <pre>
5241**     data type: "INTEGER"
5242**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5243**     not null: 0
5244**     primary key: 1
5245**     auto increment: 0
5246** </pre>)^
5247**
5248** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5249** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5250** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5251*/
5252int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5253  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5254  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5255  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5256  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5257  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5258  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5259  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5260  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5261  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5262);
5263
5264/*
5265** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5266**
5267** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5268**
5269** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5270** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5271** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5272** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5273** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5274** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5275** be tried also.
5276**
5277** ^The entry point is zProc.
5278** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5279** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5280** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5281** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5282** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5283** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5284** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5285** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5286** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5287** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5288** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5289** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5290** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5291**
5292** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5293** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5294** otherwise an error will be returned.
5295**
5296** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5297*/
5298int sqlite3_load_extension(
5299  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5300  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5301  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5302  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5303);
5304
5305/*
5306** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5307**
5308** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5309** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5310** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5311** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5312**
5313** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5314** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5315** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5316** it back off again.
5317*/
5318int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5319
5320/*
5321** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5322**
5323** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5324** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5325** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5326** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5327**
5328** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5329** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5330** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5331** entry point where as follows:
5332**
5333** <blockquote><pre>
5334** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5335** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5336** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5337** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5338** &nbsp;  );
5339** </pre></blockquote>)^
5340**
5341** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5342** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5343** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5344** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5345** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5346** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5347** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5348**
5349** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5350** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5351** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5352**
5353** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5354** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5355*/
5356int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5357
5358/*
5359** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5360**
5361** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5362** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5363** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5364** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5365** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5366** routines.
5367*/
5368int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5369
5370/*
5371** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5372**
5373** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5374** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5375*/
5376void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5377
5378/*
5379** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5380** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5381** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5382**
5383** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5384** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5385*/
5386
5387/*
5388** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5389*/
5390typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5391typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5392typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5393typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5394
5395/*
5396** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5397** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5398**
5399** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5400** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5401** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5402**
5403** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5404** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5405** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5406** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5407** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5408** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5409** any database connection.
5410*/
5411struct sqlite3_module {
5412  int iVersion;
5413  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5414               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5415               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5416  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5417               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5418               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5419  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5420  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5421  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5422  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5423  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5424  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5425                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5426  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5427  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5428  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5429  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5430  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5431  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5432  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5433  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5434  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5435  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5436                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5437                       void **ppArg);
5438  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5439  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5440  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5441  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5442  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5443  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5444};
5445
5446/*
5447** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5448** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5449**
5450** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5451** of the [virtual table] interface to
5452** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5453** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5454** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5455** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5456**
5457** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5458**
5459** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5460**
5461** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5462** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5463** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5464** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5465** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5466** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5467** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5468**
5469** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5470** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5471** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5472** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5473** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5474**
5475** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5476** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5477**
5478** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5479** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5480** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5481** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5482** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5483** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5484**
5485** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5486** [xFilter] method.
5487** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5488** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5489**
5490** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5491** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5492** sorting step is required.
5493**
5494** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5495** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5496** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5497** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5498** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5499**
5500** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5501** will be returned by the strategy.
5502**
5503** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5504** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5505** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5506** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5507** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5508** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5509** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5510*/
5511struct sqlite3_index_info {
5512  /* Inputs */
5513  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5514  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5515     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5516     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5517     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5518     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5519  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5520  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5521  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5522     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5523     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5524  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5525  /* Outputs */
5526  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5527    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5528    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5529  } *aConstraintUsage;
5530  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5531  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5532  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5533  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5534  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5535  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5536  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5537};
5538
5539/*
5540** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5541**
5542** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5543** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5544** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5545** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5546*/
5547#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5548#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5549#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5550#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5551#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5552#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5553
5554/*
5555** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5556**
5557** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5558** ^Module names must be registered before
5559** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5560** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5561**
5562** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5563** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5564** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5565** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5566** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5567** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5568** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5569**
5570** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5571** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5572** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5573** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5574** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5575** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5576** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5577** destructor.
5578*/
5579int sqlite3_create_module(
5580  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5581  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5582  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5583  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5584);
5585int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5586  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5587  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5588  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5589  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5590  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5591);
5592
5593/*
5594** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5595** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5596**
5597** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5598** of this object to describe a particular instance
5599** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5600** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5601** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5602** common to all module implementations.
5603**
5604** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5605** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5606** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5607** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5608** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5609** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5610*/
5611struct sqlite3_vtab {
5612  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5613  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5614  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5615  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5616};
5617
5618/*
5619** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5620** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5621**
5622** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5623** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5624** [virtual table] and are used
5625** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5626** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5627** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5628** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5629** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5630** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5631**
5632** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5633** are common to all implementations.
5634*/
5635struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5636  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5637  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5638};
5639
5640/*
5641** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5642**
5643** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5644** [virtual table module] call this interface
5645** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5646** the virtual tables they implement.
5647*/
5648int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5649
5650/*
5651** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5652**
5653** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5654** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5655** But global versions of those functions
5656** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5657**
5658** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5659** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5660** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5661** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5662** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5663** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5664** by a [virtual table].
5665*/
5666int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5667
5668/*
5669** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5670** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5671** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5672** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5673**
5674** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5675** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5676*/
5677
5678/*
5679** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5680** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5681**
5682** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5683** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5684** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5685** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5686** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5687** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5688** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5689*/
5690typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5691
5692/*
5693** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5694**
5695** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5696** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5697** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5698**
5699** <pre>
5700**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5701** </pre>)^
5702**
5703** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
5704** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
5705** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
5706** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
5707** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
5708**
5709** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5710** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
5711** read-only access.
5712**
5713** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
5714** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
5715** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
5716** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
5717** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
5718**
5719** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
5720** <ul>
5721**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
5722**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
5723**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
5724**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
5725**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
5726**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
5727**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
5728**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
5729**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
5730**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
5731**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
5732**         being opened for read/write access)^.
5733** </ul>
5734**
5735** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
5736** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5737** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5738**
5739**
5740** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5741** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5742** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5743** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5744** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5745** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5746** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5747** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5748** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5749** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5750**
5751** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5752** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5753** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5754** blob.
5755**
5756** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5757** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
5758** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
5759**
5760** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5761** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5762*/
5763int sqlite3_blob_open(
5764  sqlite3*,
5765  const char *zDb,
5766  const char *zTable,
5767  const char *zColumn,
5768  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5769  int flags,
5770  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5771);
5772
5773/*
5774** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5775**
5776** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5777** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5778** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5779** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5780** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5781** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5782**
5783** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5784** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5785** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5786** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5787** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5788** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5789** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5790** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5791** always returns zero.
5792**
5793** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5794*/
5795SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5796
5797/*
5798** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5799**
5800** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
5801** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
5802** handle is still closed.)^
5803**
5804** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
5805** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
5806** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
5807** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
5808** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
5809**
5810** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
5811** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
5812** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
5813** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
5814** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
5815** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
5816*/
5817int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5818
5819/*
5820** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5821**
5822** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5823** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5824** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5825** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5826**
5827** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5828** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5829** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5830** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5831*/
5832int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5833
5834/*
5835** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5836**
5837** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5838** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5839** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5840**
5841** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5842** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5843** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5844** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5845** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5846**
5847** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5848** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5849**
5850** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5851** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5852**
5853** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5854** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5855** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5856** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5857**
5858** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5859*/
5860int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5861
5862/*
5863** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5864**
5865** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5866** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5867** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5868**
5869** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5870** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5871** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
5872** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5873** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5874**
5875** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5876** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5877** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5878**
5879** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5880** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5881** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5882** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
5883** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
5884** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
5885** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5886**
5887** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5888** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5889** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5890** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5891** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5892** or by other independent statements.
5893**
5894** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5895** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5896** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5897** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5898**
5899** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5900*/
5901int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5902
5903/*
5904** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5905**
5906** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5907** that SQLite uses to interact
5908** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5909** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5910** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5911** The following interfaces are provided.
5912**
5913** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5914** ^Names are case sensitive.
5915** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5916** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5917** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5918**
5919** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5920** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5921** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5922** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5923** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5924** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5925** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5926** then the behavior is undefined.
5927**
5928** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5929** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5930** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5931*/
5932sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5933int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5934int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5935
5936/*
5937** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5938**
5939** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5940** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5941** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5942** permitted to use any of these routines.
5943**
5944** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5945** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5946** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
5947** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5948**
5949** <ul>
5950** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5951** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5952** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5953** </ul>
5954**
5955** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5956** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5957** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5958** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5959** and Windows.
5960**
5961** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5962** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5963** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5964** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5965** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5966** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5967** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
5968**
5969** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5970** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5971** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
5972** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
5973** integer constants:
5974**
5975** <ul>
5976** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5977** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5978** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5979** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5980** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
5981** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5982** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5983** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
5984** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
5985** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
5986** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
5987** </ul>
5988**
5989** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5990** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5991** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5992** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5993** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5994** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5995** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5996** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
5997** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5998** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5999**
6000** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6001** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6002** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6003** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6004** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6005** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6006** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6007** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6008**
6009** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6010** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6011** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6012** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6013** the same type number.
6014**
6015** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6016** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6017** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6018**
6019** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6020** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6021** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6022** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6023** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6024** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6025** In such cases, the
6026** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6027** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6028** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6029**
6030** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6031** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6032** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6033** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6034** behavior.)^
6035**
6036** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6037** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6038** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6039** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6040**
6041** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6042** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6043** behave as no-ops.
6044**
6045** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6046*/
6047sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6048void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6049void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6050int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6051void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6052
6053/*
6054** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6055**
6056** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6057** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6058**
6059** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6060** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6061** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6062** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6063** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6064** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6065** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6066** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6067** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6068**
6069** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6070** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6071** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6072** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6073**
6074** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6075** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6076** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6077** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6078** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6079** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6080**
6081** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6082** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6083** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6084**
6085** <ul>
6086**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6087**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6088**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6089**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6090**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6091**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6092**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6093** </ul>)^
6094**
6095** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6096** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6097** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6098** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6099** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6100** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6101** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6102**
6103** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6104** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6105** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6106** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6107**
6108** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6109** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6110** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6111** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6112**
6113** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6114** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6115** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6116** prior to returning.
6117*/
6118typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6119struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6120  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6121  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6122  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6123  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6124  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6125  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6126  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6127  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6128  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6129};
6130
6131/*
6132** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6133**
6134** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6135** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6136** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6137** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6138** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6139** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6140** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6141** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6142**
6143** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6144** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6145**
6146** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6147** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6148** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6149** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6150**
6151** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6152** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6153** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6154** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6155** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6156** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6157** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6158** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6159*/
6160#ifndef NDEBUG
6161int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6162int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6163#endif
6164
6165/*
6166** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6167**
6168** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6169** which is one of these integer constants.
6170**
6171** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6172** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6173** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6174*/
6175#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6176#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6177#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6178#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6179#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6180#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6181#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6182#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6183#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6184#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6185#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6186#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6187#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6188
6189/*
6190** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6191**
6192** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6193** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6194** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6195** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6196** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6197*/
6198sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6199
6200/*
6201** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6202**
6203** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6204** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6205** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6206** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6207** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6208** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6209** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6210** main database file.
6211** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6212** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6213** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6214** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6215**
6216** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6217** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6218** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6219** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6220** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6221**
6222** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6223** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6224** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6225** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6226** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6227** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6228** xFileControl method.
6229**
6230** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6231*/
6232int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6233
6234/*
6235** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6236**
6237** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6238** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6239** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6240** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6241**
6242** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6243** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6244** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6245**
6246** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6247** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6248** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6249** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6250*/
6251int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6252
6253/*
6254** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6255**
6256** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6257** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6258**
6259** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6260** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6261** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6262** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6263*/
6264#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6265#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6266#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6267#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6268#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6269#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6270#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6271#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6272#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6273#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6274#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6275#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6276#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6277#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6278#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6279#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6280#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6281#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6282#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6283#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6284#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6285#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6286#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6287
6288/*
6289** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6290**
6291** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6292** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6293** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6294** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6295** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6296** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6297** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6298** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6299** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6300** value.  For those parameters
6301** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6302** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6303** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6304**
6305** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6306** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6307**
6308** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6309** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6310** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6311** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6312** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6313** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6314**
6315** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6316*/
6317int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6318
6319
6320/*
6321** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6322** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6323**
6324** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6325** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6326**
6327** <dl>
6328** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6329** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6330** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6331** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6332** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6333** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6334** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6335** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6336** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6337**
6338** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6339** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6340** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6341** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6342** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6343** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6344**
6345** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6346** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6347** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6348**
6349** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6350** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6351** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6352** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6353** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6354**
6355** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6356** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6357** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6358** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6359** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6360** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6361** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6362** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6363** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6364**
6365** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6366** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6367** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6368** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6369** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6370**
6371** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6372** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6373** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6374** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6375** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6376** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6377** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6378**
6379** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6380** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6381** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6382** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6383** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6384** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6385** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6386** slots were available.
6387** </dd>)^
6388**
6389** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6390** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6391** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6392** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6393** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6394**
6395** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6396** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6397** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6398** </dl>
6399**
6400** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6401*/
6402#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6403#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6404#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6405#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6406#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6407#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6408#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6409#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6410#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6411#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6412
6413/*
6414** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6415**
6416** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6417** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6418** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6419** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6420** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6421** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6422** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6423** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6424**
6425** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6426** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6427** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6428** reset back down to the current value.
6429**
6430** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6431** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6432**
6433** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6434*/
6435int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6436
6437/*
6438** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6439** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6440**
6441** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6442** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6443**
6444** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6445** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6446** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6447** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6448** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6449**
6450** <dl>
6451** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6452** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6453** checked out.</dd>)^
6454**
6455** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6456** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6457** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6458** the current value is always zero.)^
6459**
6460** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6461** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6462** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6463** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6464** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6465** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6466** the current value is always zero.)^
6467**
6468** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6469** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6470** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6471** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6472** memory already being in use.
6473** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6474** the current value is always zero.)^
6475**
6476** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6477** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6478** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6479** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6480**
6481** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6482** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6483** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6484** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6485** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6486** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6487** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6488** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6489**
6490** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6491** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6492** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6493** the database connection.)^
6494** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6495** </dd>
6496**
6497** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6498** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6499** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6500** is always 0.
6501** </dd>
6502**
6503** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6504** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6505** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6506** is always 0.
6507** </dd>
6508**
6509** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6510** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6511** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6512** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6513** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6514** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6515** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6516** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6517** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6518** </dd>
6519**
6520** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6521** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6522** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6523** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6524** </dd>
6525** </dl>
6526*/
6527#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6528#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6529#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6530#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6531#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6532#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6533#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6534#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6535#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6536#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6537#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6538#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6539
6540
6541/*
6542** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6543**
6544** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6545** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6546** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6547** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6548** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6549** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6550** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6551** an index.
6552**
6553** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6554** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6555** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6556** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6557** to be interrogated.)^
6558** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6559** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6560** interface call returns.
6561**
6562** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6563*/
6564int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6565
6566/*
6567** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6568** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6569**
6570** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6571** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6572** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6573**
6574** <dl>
6575** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6576** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6577** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6578** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6579** careful use of indices.</dd>
6580**
6581** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6582** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6583** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6584** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6585**
6586** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6587** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6588** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6589** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6590** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6591** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6592**
6593** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6594** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6595** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6596** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6597** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6598** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6599** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6600** </dd>
6601** </dl>
6602*/
6603#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6604#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6605#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6606#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6607
6608/*
6609** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6610**
6611** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6612** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6613** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6614** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6615** to the object.
6616**
6617** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6618*/
6619typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6620
6621/*
6622** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6623**
6624** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6625** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6626** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6627** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6628**
6629** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6630*/
6631typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6632struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6633  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6634  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6635};
6636
6637/*
6638** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6639** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6640**
6641** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6642** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6643** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6644** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6645** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6646** By implementing a
6647** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6648** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6649** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6650** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6651** how long.
6652**
6653** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6654** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6655** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6656**
6657** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6658** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6659** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6660** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6661**
6662** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6663** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6664** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6665** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6666** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6667** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6668** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6669** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6670** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6671** page cache.)^
6672**
6673** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6674** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6675** It can be used to clean up
6676** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6677** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6678**
6679** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6680** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6681** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6682** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6683** in multithreaded applications.
6684**
6685** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6686** call to xShutdown().
6687**
6688** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6689** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6690** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6691** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6692** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6693** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6694** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6695** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6696** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6697** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6698** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6699** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6700** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6701** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6702** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6703** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6704** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6705** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6706** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6707** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6708** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6709** never contain any unpinned pages.
6710**
6711** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6712** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6713** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6714** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6715** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6716** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6717** value; it is advisory only.
6718**
6719** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6720** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6721** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6722**
6723** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6724** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6725** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6726** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6727** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6728** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6729** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6730** for each entry in the page cache.
6731**
6732** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6733** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6734** to be "pinned".
6735**
6736** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6737** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6738** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6739** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6740** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6741**
6742** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6743** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6744** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6745** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6746**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6747** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6748**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6749** </table>
6750**
6751** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6752** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6753** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6754** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6755** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6756**
6757** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6758** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6759** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6760** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6761** ^If the discard parameter is
6762** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6763** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6764** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6765**
6766** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6767** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6768** to xFetch().
6769**
6770** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6771** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6772** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6773** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6774** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6775** to be pinned.
6776**
6777** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6778** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6779** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6780** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6781** they can be safely discarded.
6782**
6783** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6784** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6785** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6786** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6787** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6788** functions.
6789**
6790** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6791** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6792** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6793** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6794** do their best.
6795*/
6796typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6797struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6798  int iVersion;
6799  void *pArg;
6800  int (*xInit)(void*);
6801  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6802  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6803  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6804  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6805  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6806  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6807  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6808      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6809  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6810  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6811  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6812};
6813
6814/*
6815** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6816** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6817** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6818*/
6819typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6820struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6821  void *pArg;
6822  int (*xInit)(void*);
6823  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6824  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6825  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6826  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6827  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6828  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6829  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6830  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6831  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6832};
6833
6834
6835/*
6836** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6837**
6838** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6839** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6840** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6841** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6842**
6843** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6844*/
6845typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6846
6847/*
6848** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6849**
6850** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6851** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6852** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6853**
6854** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6855**
6856** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6857** for the duration of the backup operation.
6858** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6859** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6860** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6861** preventing other database connections from
6862** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6863**
6864** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6865**   <ol>
6866**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6867**         backup,
6868**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6869**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6870**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6871**         associated with the backup operation.
6872**   </ol>)^
6873** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6874** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6875**
6876** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6877**
6878** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6879** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6880** and the database name, respectively.
6881** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6882** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6883** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6884** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6885** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6886** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6887** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6888** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6889** an error.
6890**
6891** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning SQLITE_ERROR, if
6892** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
6893** destination database.
6894**
6895** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6896** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6897** destination [database connection] D.
6898** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6899** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6900** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6901** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6902** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6903** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6904** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6905** operation.
6906**
6907** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6908**
6909** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6910** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6911** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6912** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6913** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6914** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6915** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6916** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6917** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6918** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6919** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6920** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6921**
6922** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6923** <ol>
6924** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6925** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6926** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6927** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6928** destination and source page sizes differ.
6929** </ol>)^
6930**
6931** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6932** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6933** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6934** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6935** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6936** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6937** [database connection]
6938** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6939** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6940** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6941** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6942** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6943** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6944** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6945** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6946** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6947**
6948** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6949** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6950** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6951** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6952** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6953** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6954** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6955** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6956** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6957** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6958** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6959** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6960** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6961** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6962** updated at the same time.
6963**
6964** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6965**
6966** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6967** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6968** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6969** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6970** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6971** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6972** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6973** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6974** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6975**
6976** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6977** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6978** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6979** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6980** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6981** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6982**
6983** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6984** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6985** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6986**
6987** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6988** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6989**
6990** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
6991** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
6992** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
6993** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
6994** sqlite3_backup_step().
6995** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6996** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
6997** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
6998** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6999** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7000** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7001**
7002** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7003**
7004** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7005** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7006** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7007** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7008** from within other threads.
7009**
7010** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7011** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7012** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7013** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7014** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7015** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7016** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7017** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7018**
7019** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7020** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7021** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7022** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7023** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7024** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7025**
7026** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7027** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7028** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7029** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7030** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7031** possible that they return invalid values.
7032*/
7033sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7034  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7035  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7036  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7037  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7038);
7039int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7040int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7041int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7042int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7043
7044/*
7045** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7046**
7047** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7048** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7049** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7050** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7051** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7052** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7053** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7054** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7055**
7056** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7057**
7058** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7059** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7060**
7061** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7062** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7063** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7064** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7065** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7066** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7067** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7068** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7069** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7070** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7071**
7072** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7073** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7074** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7075** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7076** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7077**
7078** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7079** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7080** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7081** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7082**
7083** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7084** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7085** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7086** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7087** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7088** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7089** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7090** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7091**
7092** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7093** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7094** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7095**
7096** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7097** returns SQLITE_OK.
7098**
7099** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7100**
7101** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7102** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7103** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7104** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7105** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7106** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7107**
7108** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7109** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7110** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7111** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7112** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7113** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7114** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7115** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7116**
7117** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7118**
7119** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7120** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7121** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7122** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7123** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7124** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7125** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7126**
7127** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7128** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7129** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7130** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7131** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7132** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7133** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7134** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7135** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7136** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7137** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7138** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7139**
7140** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7141**
7142** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7143** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7144** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7145** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7146** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7147** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7148** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7149** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7150** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7151**
7152** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7153** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7154** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7155** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7156** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7157*/
7158int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7159  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7160  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7161  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7162);
7163
7164
7165/*
7166** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7167**
7168** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7169** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7170** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7171** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7172*/
7173int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7174int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7175
7176/*
7177** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7178*
7179** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7180** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7181** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7182** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7183** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7184** sensitive.
7185**
7186** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7187** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7188*/
7189int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7190
7191/*
7192** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7193**
7194** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7195** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7196** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7197** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7198**
7199** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7200** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7201** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7202** is considered bad form.
7203**
7204** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7205**
7206** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7207** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7208** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7209** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7210** buffer.
7211*/
7212void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7213
7214/*
7215** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7216**
7217** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7218** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7219**
7220** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7221** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7222** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7223**
7224** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7225** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7226** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7227** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7228** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7229** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7230** including those that were just committed.
7231**
7232** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7233** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7234** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7235** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7236** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7237** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7238** are undefined.
7239**
7240** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7241** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7242** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7243** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7244** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7245** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7246*/
7247void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7248  sqlite3*,
7249  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7250  void*
7251);
7252
7253/*
7254** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7255**
7256** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7257** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7258** to automatically [checkpoint]
7259** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7260** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7261** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7262** checkpoints entirely.
7263**
7264** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7265** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7266** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7267** configured by this function.
7268**
7269** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7270** from SQL.
7271**
7272** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7273** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7274**
7275** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7276** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7277** pages.  The use of this interface
7278** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7279** for a particular application.
7280*/
7281int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7282
7283/*
7284** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7285**
7286** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7287** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7288**
7289** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7290** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7291** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7292** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7293** information.
7294**
7295** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7296** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7297** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7298** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7299** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7300** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7301*/
7302int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7303
7304/*
7305** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7306**
7307** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7308** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7309** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7310** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7311**
7312** <dl>
7313** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7314**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7315**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7316**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7317**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7318**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7319**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7320**
7321** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7322**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7323**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7324**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7325**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7326**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7327**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7328**
7329** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7330**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7331**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7332**   [busy-handler callback])
7333**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7334**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7335**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7336**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7337**
7338** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7339**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7340**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7341**   to a successful return.
7342** </dl>
7343**
7344** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7345** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7346** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7347** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7348** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7349** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7350** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7351** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7352** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7353**
7354** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7355** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7356** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7357** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7358**
7359** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7360** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7361** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7362** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7363** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7364** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7365** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7366** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7367** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7368** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7369**
7370** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7371** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7372** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7373** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7374** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7375** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7376** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7377** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7378** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7379** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7380** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7381**
7382** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7383** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7384** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7385** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7386**
7387** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7388** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7389** sets the error information that is queried by
7390** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7391**
7392** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7393** from SQL.
7394*/
7395int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7396  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7397  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7398  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7399  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7400  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7401);
7402
7403/*
7404** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7405** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7406**
7407** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7408** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7409** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7410** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7411*/
7412#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7413#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7414#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7415#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7416
7417/*
7418** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7419**
7420** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7421** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7422** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7423**
7424** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7425** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7426**
7427** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7428** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7429** may be added in the future.
7430*/
7431int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7432
7433/*
7434** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7435**
7436** These macros define the various options to the
7437** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7438** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7439**
7440** <dl>
7441** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7442** <dd>Calls of the form
7443** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7444** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7445** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7446** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7447** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7448** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7449** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7450** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7451**
7452** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7453** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7454** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7455** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7456** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7457** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7458** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7459** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7460** had been ABORT.
7461**
7462** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7463** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7464** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7465** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7466** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7467** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7468** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7469** constraint handling.
7470** </dl>
7471*/
7472#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7473
7474/*
7475** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7476**
7477** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7478** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7479** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7480** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7481** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7482** [virtual table].
7483*/
7484int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7485
7486/*
7487** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7488** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7489**
7490** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7491** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7492** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7493**
7494** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7495** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7496** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7497*/
7498#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7499/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7500#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7501/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7502#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7503
7504/*
7505** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7506** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7507**
7508** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7509** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7510** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7511**
7512** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7513** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7514** S is finalized.
7515**
7516** <dl>
7517** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7518** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7519** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7520**
7521** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7522** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7523** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7524**
7525** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7526** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7527** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
7528** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
7529** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
7530** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
7531** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
7532**
7533** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
7534** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7535** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
7536** used for the X-th loop.
7537**
7538** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
7539** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7540** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7541** description for the X-th loop.
7542**
7543** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
7544** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7545** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
7546** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
7547** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
7548** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
7549** </dl>
7550*/
7551#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
7552#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
7553#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
7554#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
7555#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
7556#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
7557
7558/*
7559** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
7560**
7561** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
7562** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
7563** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
7564** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
7565**
7566** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
7567** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
7568** compile-time option.
7569**
7570** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
7571** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
7572** of this interface is undefined.
7573** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
7574** the "pOut" parameter.
7575** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
7576** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
7577** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
7578** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
7579** points to is unchanged.
7580**
7581** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
7582** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
7583** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
7584** that pOut points to unchanged.
7585**
7586** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
7587*/
7588SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
7589  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
7590  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
7591  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
7592  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
7593);
7594
7595/*
7596** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
7597**
7598** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
7599**
7600** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
7601** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
7602*/
7603SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
7604
7605
7606/*
7607** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7608** builds on processors without floating point support.
7609*/
7610#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7611# undef double
7612#endif
7613
7614#ifdef __cplusplus
7615}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7616#endif
7617#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7618