xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision c5e56b34)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.
119**
120** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
121** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
122** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
123*/
124#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
125#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
126#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
127
128/*
129** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
130** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
131**
132** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
134** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
135** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
136** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
137** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
138** compiled with matching library and header files.
139**
140** <blockquote><pre>
141** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
142** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
143** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
144** </pre></blockquote>)^
145**
146** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
147** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
148** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
149** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
150** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
151** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
152** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
153** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
154** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
155**
156** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
157*/
158SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
159const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
160const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
161int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
162
163/*
164** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
165**
166** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
167** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
168** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
169** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
170**
171** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
172** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
173** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
174** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
175** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
176** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
177**
178** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
179** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
180** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
181**
182** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
183** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
184*/
185#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
186int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
187const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
188#endif
189
190/*
191** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
192**
193** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
194** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
195** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
196**
197** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
198** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
199** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
200** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
201** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
202** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
203**
204** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
205** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
206** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
207** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
208**
209** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
210** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
211** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
212**
213** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
214** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
215** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
216** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
217** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
218** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
219** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
220** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
221** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
222** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
223**
224** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
225*/
226int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
227
228/*
229** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
230** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
231**
232** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
233** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
234** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
235** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
236** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
237** interfaces (such as
238** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
239** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
240** sqlite3 object.
241*/
242typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
243
244/*
245** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
246** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
247**
248** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
249** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
250**
251** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
252** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
253** compatibility only.
254**
255** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
256** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
257** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
258** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
259*/
260#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
261  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
262# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
263    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
264# else
265    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
266# endif
267#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
268  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
269  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
270#else
271  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
272  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
273#endif
274typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
275typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
276
277/*
278** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
279** substitute integer for floating-point.
280*/
281#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
282# define double sqlite3_int64
283#endif
284
285/*
286** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
287** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
288**
289** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
290** for the [sqlite3] object.
291** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
292** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
293** resources are deallocated.
294**
295** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
296** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
297** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
298** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
299** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
300** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
301** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
302** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
303** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
304** destructors are called is arbitrary.
305**
306** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
307** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
308** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
309** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
310** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
311** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
312** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
313** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
314** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
315**
316** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
317** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
318**
319** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
320** must be either a NULL
321** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
322** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
323** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
324** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
325** argument is a harmless no-op.
326*/
327int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
328int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
329
330/*
331** The type for a callback function.
332** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
333** compatibility and is not documented.
334*/
335typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
336
337/*
338** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
339** METHOD: sqlite3
340**
341** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
342** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
343** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
344** without having to use a lot of C code.
345**
346** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
347** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
348** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
349** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
350** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
351** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
352** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
353** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
354** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
355** ignored.
356**
357** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
358** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
359** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
360** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
361** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
362** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
363** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
364** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
365** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
366** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
367** NULL before returning.
368**
369** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
370** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
371** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
372**
373** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
374** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
375** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
376** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
377** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
378** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
379** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
380** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
381** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
382**
383** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
384** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
385** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
386** is not changed.
387**
388** Restrictions:
389**
390** <ul>
391** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
392**      is a valid and open [database connection].
393** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
394**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
395** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
396**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
397** </ul>
398*/
399int sqlite3_exec(
400  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
401  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
402  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
403  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
404  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
405);
406
407/*
408** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
409** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
410**
411** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
412** here in order to indicate success or failure.
413**
414** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
415**
416** See also: [extended result code definitions]
417*/
418#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
419/* beginning-of-error-codes */
420#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
421#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
422#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
423#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
424#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
425#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
426#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
427#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
428#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
429#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
430#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
431#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
432#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
433#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
434#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
435#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
436#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
437#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
438#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
439#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
440#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
441#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
442#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
443#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
444#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
445#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
446#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
447#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
448#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
449#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
450/* end-of-error-codes */
451
452/*
453** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
454** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
455**
456** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
457** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
458** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
459** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
460** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
461** and later) include
462** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
463** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
464** on a per database connection basis using the
465** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
466** the most recent error can be obtained using
467** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
468*/
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
474#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
497#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
498#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
499#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
500#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
501#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
502#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
503#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
504#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
505#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
506#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
507#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
508#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
509#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
518#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
519#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
520#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
521#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
522#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
524#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
525
526/*
527** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
528**
529** These bit values are intended for use in the
530** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
531** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
532*/
533#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
534#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
535#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
536#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
537#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
538#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
539#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
540#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
541#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
542#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
543#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
544#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
545#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
546#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
553
554/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
555
556/*
557** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
558**
559** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
560** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
561** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
562** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
563** refers to.
564**
565** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
566** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
567** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
568** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
569** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
570** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
571** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
572** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
573** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
574** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
575** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
576** file that were written at the application level might have changed
577** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
578** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
579** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
580** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
581** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
582** elevated privileges.
583*/
584#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
585#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
586#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
587#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
588#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
589#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
590#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
591#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
592#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
593#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
594#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
595#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
596#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
597#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
598
599/*
600** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
601**
602** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
603** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
604** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
605*/
606#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
607#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
608#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
609#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
610#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
611
612/*
613** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
614**
615** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
616** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
617** these integer values as the second argument.
618**
619** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
620** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
621** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
622** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
623** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
624** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
625**
626** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
627** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
628** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
629** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
630** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
631** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
632** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
633** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
634** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
635** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
636** cares about the difference.)
637*/
638#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
639#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
640#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
641
642/*
643** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
644**
645** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
646** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
647** implementations will
648** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
649** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
650** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
651** I/O operations on the open file.
652*/
653typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
654struct sqlite3_file {
655  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
656};
657
658/*
659** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
660**
661** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
662** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
663** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
664** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
665** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
666**
667** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
668** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
669** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
670** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
671** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
672** to NULL.
673**
674** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
675** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
676** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
677** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
678** and not its inode needs to be synced.
679**
680** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
681** <ul>
682** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
683** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
684** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
685** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
686** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
687** </ul>
688** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
689** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
690** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
691** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
692** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
693**
694** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
695** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
696** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
697** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
698** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
699** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
700** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
701** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
702** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
703** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
704** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
705** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
706** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
707** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
708** recognize.
709**
710** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
711** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
712** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
713** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
714** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
715** underlying device:
716**
717** <ul>
718** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
719** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
720** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
721** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
722** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
723** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
724** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
725** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
726** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
727** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
728** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
729** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
730** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
731** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
732** </ul>
733**
734** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
735** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
736** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
737** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
738** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
739** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
740** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
741** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
742** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
743** to xWrite().
744**
745** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
746** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
747** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
748** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
749** database corruption.
750*/
751typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
752struct sqlite3_io_methods {
753  int iVersion;
754  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
755  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
756  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
757  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
758  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
759  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
760  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
761  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
762  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
763  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
764  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
765  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
766  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
767  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
768  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
769  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
770  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
771  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
772  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
773  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
774  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
775  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
776};
777
778/*
779** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
780** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
781**
782** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
783** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
784** interface.
785**
786** <ul>
787** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
788** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
789** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
790** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
791** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
792** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
793** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
794** compile-time option is used.
795**
796** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
797** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
798** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
799** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
800** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
801** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
802** file run faster.
803**
804** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
805** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
806** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
807** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
808** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
809** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
810** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
811** improve performance on some systems.
812**
813** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
814** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
815** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
816** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
817**
818** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
819** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
820** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
821** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
822** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
823**
824** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
825** No longer in use.
826**
827** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
828** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
829** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
830** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
831** because the user has configured SQLite with
832** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
833** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
834** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
835** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
836** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
837** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
838** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
839** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
840**
841** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
842** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
843** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
844** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
845** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
846** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
847** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
848**
849** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
850** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
851** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
852** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
853** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
854** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
855** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
856** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
857** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
858** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
859** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
860** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
861** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
862** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
863** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
864** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
865**
866** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
867** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
868** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
869** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
870** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
871** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
872** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
873** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
874** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
875** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
876** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
877** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
878** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
879** WAL persistence setting.
880**
881** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
882** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
883** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
884** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
885** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
886** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
887** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
888** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
889** zero-damage mode setting.
890**
891** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
892** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
893** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
894** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
895** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
896**
897** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
898** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
899** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
900** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
901** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
902** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
903** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
904** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
905** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
906** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
907** is intended for diagnostic use only.
908**
909** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
910** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
911** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
912** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
913** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
914** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
915** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
916** upper-most shim only.
917**
918** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
919** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
920** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
921** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
922** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
923** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
924** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
925** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
926** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
927** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
928** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
929** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
930** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
931** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
932** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
933** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
934** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
935** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
936** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
937** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
938** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
939** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
940** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
941** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
942**
943** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
944** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
945** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
946** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
947** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
948** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
949** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
950** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
951** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
952** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
953** current operation.
954**
955** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
956** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
957** to have SQLite generate a
958** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
959** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
960** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
961** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
962** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
963**
964** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
965** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
966** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
967** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
968** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
969** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
970** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
971** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
972** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
973**
974** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
975** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
976** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
977** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
978** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
979** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
980** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
981**
982** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
983** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
984** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
985** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
986** was first opened.
987**
988** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
989** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
990** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
991** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
992** writes the resulting value there.
993**
994** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
995** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
996** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
997** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
998** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
999**
1000** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1001** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1002** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1003** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1004** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1005** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1006**
1007** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1008** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1009** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1010**
1011** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1012** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1013** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1014** this opcode.
1015** </ul>
1016*/
1017#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1018#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1019#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1020#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1021#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1022#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1023#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1024#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1025#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1026#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1027#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1028#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1029#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1030#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1031#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1032#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1033#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1034#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1035#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1036#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1037#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1038#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1039#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1040#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1041#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1042#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1043#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1044#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1045#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1046
1047/* deprecated names */
1048#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1049#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1050#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1051
1052
1053/*
1054** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1055**
1056** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1057** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1058** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1059** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1060**
1061** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1062*/
1063typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1064
1065/*
1066** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1067**
1068** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1069** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1070** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1071** on some platforms.
1072*/
1073typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1074
1075/*
1076** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1077**
1078** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1079** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1080** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1081** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1082**
1083** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1084** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1085** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1086** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1087** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1088** modified.
1089**
1090** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1091** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1092** a pathname in this VFS.
1093**
1094** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1095** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1096** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1097** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1098** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1099** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1100**
1101** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1102** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1103** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1104** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1105** object once the object has been registered.
1106**
1107** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1108** be unique across all VFS modules.
1109**
1110** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1111** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1112** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1113** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1114** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1115** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1116** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1117** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1118** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1119** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1120** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1121** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1122** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1123** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1124** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1125** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1126**
1127** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1128** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1129** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1130** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1131** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1132** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1133**
1134** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1135** call, depending on the object being opened:
1136**
1137** <ul>
1138** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1139** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1140** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1141** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1142** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1143** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1144** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1145** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1146** </ul>)^
1147**
1148** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1149** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1150** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1151** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1152** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1153** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1154** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1155** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1156**
1157** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1158**
1159** <ul>
1160** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1161** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1162** </ul>
1163**
1164** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1165** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1166** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1167** databases, and subjournals.
1168**
1169** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1170** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1171** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1172** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1173** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1174** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1175** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1176** for exclusive access.
1177**
1178** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1179** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1180** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1181** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1182** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1183** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1184** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1185** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1186** or failure of the xOpen call.
1187**
1188** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1189** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1190** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1191** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1192** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1193** directory.
1194**
1195** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1196** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1197** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1198** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1199** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1200** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1201**
1202** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1203** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1204** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1205** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1206** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1207** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1208** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1209** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1210** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1211** a floating point value.
1212** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1213** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1214** a 24-hour day).
1215** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1216** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1217** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1218** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1219**
1220** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1221** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1222** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1223** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1224** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1225** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1226** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1227** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1228** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1229** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1230** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1231*/
1232typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1233typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1234struct sqlite3_vfs {
1235  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1236  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1237  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1238  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1239  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1240  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1241  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1242               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1243  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1244  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1245  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1246  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1247  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1248  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1249  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1250  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1251  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1252  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1253  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1254  /*
1255  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1256  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1257  */
1258  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1259  /*
1260  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1261  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1262  */
1263  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1264  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1265  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1266  /*
1267  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1268  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1269  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1270  */
1271};
1272
1273/*
1274** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1275**
1276** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1277** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1278** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1279** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1280** simply checks whether the file exists.
1281** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1282** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1283** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1284** the directory).
1285** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1286** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1287** release of SQLite.
1288** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1289** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1290** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1291** SQLite.
1292*/
1293#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1294#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1295#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1296
1297/*
1298** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1299**
1300** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1301** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1302** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1303** xShmLock method:
1304**
1305** <ul>
1306** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1307** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1308** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1309** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1310** </ul>
1311**
1312** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1313** was given on the corresponding lock.
1314**
1315** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1316** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1317** and EXCLUSIVE.
1318*/
1319#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1320#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1321#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1322#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1323
1324/*
1325** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1326**
1327** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1328** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1329** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1330** lock outside of this range
1331*/
1332#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1333
1334
1335/*
1336** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1337**
1338** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1339** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1340** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1341** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1342** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1343** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1344**
1345** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1346** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1347** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1348** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1349** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1350** are harmless no-ops.)^
1351**
1352** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1353** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1354** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1355** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1356**
1357** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1358** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1359** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1360** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1361** sqlite3_shutdown().
1362**
1363** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1364** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1365** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1366**
1367** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1368** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1369** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1370** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1371**
1372** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1373** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1374** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1375** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1376** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1377** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1378** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1379** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1380** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1381** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1382** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1383** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1384** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1385** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1386**
1387** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1388** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1389** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1390** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1391** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1392** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1393** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1394**
1395** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1396** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1397** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1398** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1399** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1400** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1401** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1402** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1403** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1404** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1405** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1406** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1407** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1408** failure.
1409*/
1410int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1411int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1412int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1413int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1414
1415/*
1416** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1417**
1418** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1419** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1420** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1421** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1422** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1423**
1424** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1425** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1426** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1427**
1428** The sqlite3_config() interface
1429** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1430** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1431** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1432** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1433** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1434** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1435**
1436** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1437** [configuration option] that determines
1438** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1439** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1440** in the first argument.
1441**
1442** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1443** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1444** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1445*/
1446int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1447
1448/*
1449** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1450** METHOD: sqlite3
1451**
1452** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1453** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1454** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1455** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1456**
1457** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1458** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1459** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1460** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1461**
1462** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1463** the call is considered successful.
1464*/
1465int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1466
1467/*
1468** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1469**
1470** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1471** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1472**
1473** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1474** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1475** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1476** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1477** By creating an instance of this object
1478** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1479** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1480** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1481** dynamic memory needs.
1482**
1483** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1484** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1485** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1486** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1487** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1488** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1489** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1490** conditions.
1491**
1492** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1493** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1494** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1495** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1496**
1497** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1498** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1499** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1500**
1501** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1502** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1503** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1504** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1505** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1506** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1507** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1508**
1509** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1510** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1511** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1512** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1513** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1514** xInit and xShutdown.
1515**
1516** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1517** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1518** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1519** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1520** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1521** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1522** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1523** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1524** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1525** serialization.
1526**
1527** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1528** call to xShutdown().
1529*/
1530typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1531struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1532  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1533  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1534  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1535  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1536  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1537  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1538  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1539  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1540};
1541
1542/*
1543** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1544** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1545**
1546** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1547** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1548**
1549** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1550** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1551** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1552** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1553** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1554** is invoked.
1555**
1556** <dl>
1557** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1558** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1559** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1560** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1561** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1562** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1563** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1564** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1565** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1566** configuration option.</dd>
1567**
1568** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1569** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1570** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1571** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1572** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1573** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1574** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1575** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1576** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1577** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1578** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1579** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1580** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1581**
1582** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1583** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1584** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1585** all mutexes including the recursive
1586** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1587** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1588** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1589** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1590** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1591** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1592** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1593** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1594** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1595** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1596** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1597**
1598** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1599** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1600** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1601** The argument specifies
1602** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1603** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1604** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1605** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1606**
1607** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1608** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1609** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1610** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1611** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1612** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1613** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1614** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1615**
1616** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1617** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1618** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1619** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1620** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1621**   <ul>
1622**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1623**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1624**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1625**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1626**   </ul>)^
1627** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1628** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1629** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1630** </dd>
1631**
1632** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1633** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1634** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1635** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1636** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1637** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1638** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1639** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1640** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1641** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1642** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1643** times the database page size.
1644** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1645** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1646** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1647** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1648** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1649** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1650** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1651** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1652** </dd>
1653**
1654** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1655** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1656** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1657** cache implementation.
1658** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1659** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1660** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1661** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1662** and the number of cache lines (N).
1663** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1664** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1665** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1666** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1667** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1668** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1669** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1670** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1671** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1672** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1673** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1674** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1675** is exhausted.
1676** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1677** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1678** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1679** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1680** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1681** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1682** additional cache line. </dd>
1683**
1684** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1685** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1686** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1687** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1688** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1689** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1690** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1691** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1692** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1693** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1694** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1695** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1696** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1697** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1698** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1699** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1700** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1701** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1702** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1703** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1704**
1705** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1706** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1707** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1708** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1709** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1710** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1711** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1712** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1713** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1714** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1715** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1716**
1717** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1718** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1719** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1720** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1721** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1722** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1723** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1724** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1725** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1726** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1727** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1728** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1729**
1730** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1731** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1732** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1733** The first argument is the
1734** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1735** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1736** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1737** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1738** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1739**
1740** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1741** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1742** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1743** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1744** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1745**
1746** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1747** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1748** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1749** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1750**
1751** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1752** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1753** global [error log].
1754** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1755** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1756** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1757** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1758** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1759** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1760** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1761** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1762** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1763** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1764** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1765** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1766** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1767** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1768** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1769** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1770**
1771** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1772** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1773** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1774** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1775** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1776** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1777** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1778** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1779** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1780** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1781** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1782** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1783** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1784**
1785** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1786** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1787** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1788** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1789** ^The default setting is determined
1790** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1791** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1792** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1793** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1794** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1795** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1796** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1797**
1798** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1799** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1800** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1801** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1802** </dd>
1803**
1804** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1805** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1806** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1807** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1808** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1809** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1810** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1811** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1812** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1813** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1814** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1815** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1816** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1817** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1818** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1819** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1820**
1821** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1822** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1823** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1824** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1825** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1826** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1827** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1828** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1829** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1830** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1831** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1832** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1833** changed to its compile-time default.
1834**
1835** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1836** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1837** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1838** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1839** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1840** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1841**
1842** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1843** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1844** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1845** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1846** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1847** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1848** target platform, and SQLite version.
1849**
1850** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1851** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1852** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1853** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1854** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1855** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1856** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1857** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1858** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1859** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1860**
1861** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1862** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1863** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1864** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1865** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1866** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1867** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1868** exclusively in memory.
1869** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1870** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1871** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1872** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1873** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1874** </dl>
1875*/
1876#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1877#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1878#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1879#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1880#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1881#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1882#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1883#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1884#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1885#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1886#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1887/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1888#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1889#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1890#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1891#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1892#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1893#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1894#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1895#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1896#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1897#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1898#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1899#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1900#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1901#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1902
1903/*
1904** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1905**
1906** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1907** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1908**
1909** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1910** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1911** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1912** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1913** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1914** is invoked.
1915**
1916** <dl>
1917** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1918** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1919** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1920** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1921** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1922** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1923** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1924** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1925** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1926** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1927** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1928** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1929** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1930** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1931** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1932** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1933** when the "current value" returned by
1934** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1935** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1936** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1937** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1938**
1939** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1940** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1941** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1942** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1943** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1944** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1945** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1946** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1947** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1948**
1949** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1950** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1951** There should be two additional arguments.
1952** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1953** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1954** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1955** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1956** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1957** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1958**
1959** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
1960** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
1961** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
1962** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
1963** There should be two additional arguments.
1964** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
1965** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
1966** unchanged.
1967** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1968** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
1969** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1970** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
1971**
1972** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
1973** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
1974** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
1975** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
1976** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
1977** There should be two additional arguments.
1978** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
1979** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
1980** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
1981** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
1982** C-API or the SQL function.
1983** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1984** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
1985** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
1986** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
1987** </dd>
1988**
1989** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
1990** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
1991** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
1992** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
1993** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
1994** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
1995** until after the database connection closes.
1996** </dd>
1997**
1998** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
1999** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2000** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2001** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2002** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2003** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2004** is an integer - non-zero to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2005** default) to enable them. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2006** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2007** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2008** </dd>
2009**
2010** </dl>
2011*/
2012#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2013#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2014#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2015#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2016#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2017#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2018#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2019
2020
2021/*
2022** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2023** METHOD: sqlite3
2024**
2025** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2026** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2027** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2028*/
2029int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2030
2031/*
2032** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2033** METHOD: sqlite3
2034**
2035** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2036** has a unique 64-bit signed
2037** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2038** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2039** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2040** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2041** is another alias for the rowid.
2042**
2043** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2044** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2045** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2046** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2047** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2048** zero.
2049**
2050** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2051** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2052** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2053**
2054** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2055** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2056** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2057** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2058** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2059** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2060** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2061** control to the user.
2062**
2063** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2064** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2065** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2066** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2067**
2068** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2069** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2070** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2071** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2072** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2073** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2074** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2075** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2076** the return value of this interface.)^
2077**
2078** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2079** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2080**
2081** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2082** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2083**
2084** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2085** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2086** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2087** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2088** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2089** last insert [rowid].
2090*/
2091sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2092
2093/*
2094** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2095** METHOD: sqlite3
2096**
2097** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2098** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2099** without inserting a row into the database.
2100*/
2101void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2102
2103/*
2104** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2105** METHOD: sqlite3
2106**
2107** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2108** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2109** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2110** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2111** returned by this function.
2112**
2113** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2114** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2115** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2116**
2117** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2118** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2119** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2120** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2121** tables are counted.
2122**
2123** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2124** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2125** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2126** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2127**
2128** <ul>
2129**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2130**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2131**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2132**
2133**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2134**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2135**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2136**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2137**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2138** </ul>
2139**
2140** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2141** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2142** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2143** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2144** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2145** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2146**
2147** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2148** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2149**
2150** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2151** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2152** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2153*/
2154int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2155
2156/*
2157** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2158** METHOD: sqlite3
2159**
2160** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2161** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2162** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2163** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2164** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2165**
2166** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2167** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2168** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2169** are not counted.
2170**
2171** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2172** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2173**
2174** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2175** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2176** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2177*/
2178int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2179
2180/*
2181** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2182** METHOD: sqlite3
2183**
2184** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2185** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2186** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2187** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2188** immediately.
2189**
2190** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2191** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2192** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2193** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2194**
2195** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2196** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2197** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2198**
2199** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2200** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2201** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2202** will be rolled back automatically.
2203**
2204** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2205** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2206** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2207** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2208** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2209** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2210** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2211** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2212** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2213** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2214*/
2215void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2216
2217/*
2218** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2219**
2220** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2221** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2222** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2223** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2224** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2225** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2226** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2227** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2228** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2229** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2230** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2231**
2232** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2233** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2234**
2235** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2236** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2237**
2238** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2239** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2240** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2241** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2242** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2243**
2244** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2245** UTF-8 string.
2246**
2247** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2248** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2249*/
2250int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2251int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2252
2253/*
2254** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2255** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2256** METHOD: sqlite3
2257**
2258** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2259** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2260** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2261** [database connection] D when another thread
2262** or process has the table locked.
2263** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2264** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2265**
2266** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2267** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2268** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2269**
2270** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2271** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2272** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2273** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2274** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2275** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2276** to the application.
2277** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2278** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2279**
2280** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2281** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2282** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2283** to the application instead of invoking the
2284** busy handler.
2285** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2286** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2287** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2288** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2289** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2290** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2291** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2292** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2293** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2294** the second process to proceed.
2295**
2296** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2297**
2298** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2299** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2300** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2301** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2302** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2303**
2304** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2305** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2306** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2307** result in undefined behavior.
2308**
2309** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2310** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2311*/
2312int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2313
2314/*
2315** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2316** METHOD: sqlite3
2317**
2318** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2319** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2320** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2321** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2322** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2323** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2324**
2325** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2326** turns off all busy handlers.
2327**
2328** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2329** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2330** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2331** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2332**
2333** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2334*/
2335int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2336
2337/*
2338** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2339** METHOD: sqlite3
2340**
2341** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2342** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2343**
2344** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2345** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2346** complete query results from one or more queries.
2347**
2348** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2349** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2350** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2351** and M be the number of columns.
2352**
2353** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2354** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2355** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2356** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2357** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2358** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2359**
2360** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2361** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2362** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2363**
2364** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2365** is as follows:
2366**
2367** <blockquote><pre>
2368**        Name        | Age
2369**        -----------------------
2370**        Alice       | 43
2371**        Bob         | 28
2372**        Cindy       | 21
2373** </pre></blockquote>
2374**
2375** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2376** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2377** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2378**
2379** <blockquote><pre>
2380**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2381**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2382**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2383**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2384**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2385**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2386**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2387**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2388** </pre></blockquote>)^
2389**
2390** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2391** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2392** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2393** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2394**
2395** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2396** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2397** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2398** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2399** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2400** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2401**
2402** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2403** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2404** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2405** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2406** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2407** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2408** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2409*/
2410int sqlite3_get_table(
2411  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2412  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2413  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2414  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2415  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2416  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2417);
2418void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2419
2420/*
2421** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2422**
2423** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2424** from the standard C library.
2425** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2426** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2427** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2428** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2429**
2430** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2431** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2432** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2433** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2434** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2435** memory to hold the resulting string.
2436**
2437** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2438** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2439** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2440** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2441** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2442** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2443** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2444** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2445** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2446** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2447** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2448** now without breaking compatibility.
2449**
2450** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2451** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2452** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2453** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2454** written will be n-1 characters.
2455**
2456** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2457**
2458** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2459** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2460** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2461** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2462**
2463** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2464** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2465** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2466** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2467** the string.
2468**
2469** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2470**
2471** <blockquote><pre>
2472**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2473** </pre></blockquote>
2474**
2475** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2476**
2477** <blockquote><pre>
2478**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2479**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2480**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2481** </pre></blockquote>
2482**
2483** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2484** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2485**
2486** <blockquote><pre>
2487**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2488** </pre></blockquote>
2489**
2490** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2491** would have looked like this:
2492**
2493** <blockquote><pre>
2494**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2495** </pre></blockquote>
2496**
2497** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2498** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2499**
2500** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2501** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2502** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2503** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2504**
2505** <blockquote><pre>
2506**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2507**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2508**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2509** </pre></blockquote>
2510**
2511** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2512** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2513**
2514** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2515** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2516** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2517** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2518** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2519**
2520** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2521** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2522** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2523*/
2524char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2525char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2526char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2527char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2528
2529/*
2530** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2531**
2532** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2533** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2534** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2535** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2536**
2537** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2538** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2539** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2540** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2541** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2542** a NULL pointer.
2543**
2544** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2545** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2546** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2547**
2548** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2549** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2550** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2551** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2552** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2553** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2554** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2555** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2556** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2557** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2558**
2559** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2560** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2561** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2562** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2563** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2564** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2565** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2566** sqlite3_free(X).
2567** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2568** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2569** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2570** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2571** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2572** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2573** prior allocation is not freed.
2574**
2575** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2576** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2577** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2578**
2579** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2580** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2581** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2582** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2583** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2584** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2585** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2586** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2587** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2588**
2589** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2590** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2591** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2592** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2593** option is used.
2594**
2595** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2596** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2597** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2598** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2599**
2600** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2601** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2602** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2603** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2604** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2605** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2606** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2607**
2608** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2609** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2610** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2611** not yet been released.
2612**
2613** The application must not read or write any part of
2614** a block of memory after it has been released using
2615** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2616*/
2617void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2618void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2619void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2620void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2621void sqlite3_free(void*);
2622sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2623
2624/*
2625** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2626**
2627** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2628** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2629** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2630**
2631** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2632** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2633** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2634** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2635** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2636** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2637** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2638** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2639** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2640**
2641** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2642** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2643** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2644** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2645** prior to the reset.
2646*/
2647sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2648sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2649
2650/*
2651** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2652**
2653** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2654** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2655** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2656** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2657** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2658**
2659** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2660** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2661**
2662** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2663** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2664** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2665** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2666** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2667** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2668** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2669** method.
2670*/
2671void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2672
2673/*
2674** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2675** METHOD: sqlite3
2676** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2677**
2678** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2679** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2680** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2681** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2682** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2683** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2684** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2685** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2686** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2687** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2688** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2689** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2690** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2691** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2692** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2693**
2694** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2695** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2696** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2697** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2698** access is denied.
2699**
2700** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2701** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2702** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2703** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2704** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2705** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2706** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2707** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2708**
2709** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2710** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2711** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2712** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2713** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2714** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2715** columns of a table.
2716** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2717** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2718** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2719** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2720** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2721** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2722** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2723**
2724** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2725** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2726** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2727** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2728** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2729** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2730** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2731** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2732** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2733** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2734**
2735** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2736** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2737** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2738** in addition to using an authorizer.
2739**
2740** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2741** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2742** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2743** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2744**
2745** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2746** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2747** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2748** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2749**
2750** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2751** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2752** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2753** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2754**
2755** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2756** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2757** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2758** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2759** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2760*/
2761int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2762  sqlite3*,
2763  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2764  void *pUserData
2765);
2766
2767/*
2768** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2769**
2770** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2771** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2772** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2773** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2774** information.
2775**
2776** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2777** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2778*/
2779#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2780#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2781
2782/*
2783** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2784**
2785** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2786** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2787** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2788** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2789** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2790**
2791** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2792** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2793** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2794** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2795** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2796** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2797** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2798** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2799** top-level SQL code.
2800*/
2801/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2802#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2803#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2804#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2805#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2806#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2807#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2808#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2809#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2810#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2811#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2812#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2813#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2814#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2815#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2816#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2817#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2818#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2819#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2820#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2821#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2822#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2823#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2824#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2825#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2826#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2827#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2828#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2829#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2830#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2831#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2832#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2833#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2834#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2835#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2836
2837/*
2838** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2839** METHOD: sqlite3
2840**
2841** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2842** instead of the routines described here.
2843**
2844** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2845** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2846**
2847** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2848** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2849** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2850** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2851** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2852** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2853** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2854**
2855** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2856** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2857**
2858** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2859** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2860** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2861** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2862** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2863** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2864** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2865** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2866** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2867** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2868*/
2869SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2870   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2871SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2872   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2873
2874/*
2875** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2876** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2877**
2878** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2879** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
2880** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2881** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2882** is one of the following constants.
2883**
2884** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2885**
2886** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2887** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2888** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2889** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2890** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2891**
2892** <dl>
2893** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2894** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2895** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2896** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2897** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2898** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2899** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2900** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2901** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2902** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2903** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2904**
2905** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2906** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2907** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2908** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2909** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2910** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2911** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2912**
2913** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2914** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2915** statement generates a single row of result.
2916** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2917** X argument is unused.
2918**
2919** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2920** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2921** connection closes.
2922** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2923** and the X argument is unused.
2924** </dl>
2925*/
2926#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2927#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2928#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2929#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2930
2931/*
2932** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2933** METHOD: sqlite3
2934**
2935** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2936** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2937** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
2938** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
2939** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
2940** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
2941**
2942** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
2943** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
2944**
2945** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
2946** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
2947** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
2948** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
2949**
2950** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
2951** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
2952** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
2953** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
2954** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2955**
2956** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
2957** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
2958** are deprecated.
2959*/
2960int sqlite3_trace_v2(
2961  sqlite3*,
2962  unsigned uMask,
2963  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
2964  void *pCtx
2965);
2966
2967/*
2968** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2969** METHOD: sqlite3
2970**
2971** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2972** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2973** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2974** database connection D.  An example use for this
2975** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2976**
2977** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2978** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2979** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2980** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2981** handler is disabled.
2982**
2983** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2984** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2985** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2986** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2987** than 1.
2988**
2989** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2990** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2991** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2992**
2993** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2994** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2995** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2996** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2997**
2998*/
2999void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3000
3001/*
3002** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3003** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3004**
3005** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3006** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3007** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3008** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3009** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3010** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3011** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3012** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3013** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3014** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3015** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3016** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3017**
3018** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3019** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3020** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3021**
3022** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3023** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3024** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3025**
3026** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3027** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3028** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3029** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3030** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3031** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3032** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3033**
3034** <dl>
3035** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3036** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3037** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3038**
3039** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3040** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3041** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3042** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3043**
3044** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3045** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3046** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3047** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3048** </dl>
3049**
3050** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3051** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3052** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3053** then the behavior is undefined.
3054**
3055** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3056** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3057** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3058** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3059** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3060** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3061** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3062** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3063** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3064** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3065** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3066**
3067** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3068** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3069** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3070** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3071**
3072** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3073** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3074** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3075** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3076** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3077** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3078** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3079**
3080** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3081** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3082** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3083**
3084** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3085**
3086** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3087** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3088** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3089** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3090** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3091** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3092** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
3093** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3094** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3095** information.
3096**
3097** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3098** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3099** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3100** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3101** present, is ignored.
3102**
3103** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3104** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3105** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3106** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3107** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3108** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3109** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3110**
3111** [[core URI query parameters]]
3112** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3113** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3114** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3115** following query parameters:
3116**
3117** <ul>
3118**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3119**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3120**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3121**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3122**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3123**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3124**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3125**
3126**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3127**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3128**     an error)^.
3129**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3130**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3131**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3132**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3133**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3134**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3135**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3136**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3137**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3138**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3139**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3140**
3141**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3142**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3143**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3144**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3145**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3146**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3147**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3148**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3149**
3150**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3151**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3152**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3153**
3154**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3155**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3156**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3157**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3158**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3159**     processes uses nolock=1.
3160**
3161**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3162**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3163**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3164**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3165**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3166**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3167**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3168**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3169**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3170**
3171** </ul>
3172**
3173** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3174** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3175** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3176** additional information.
3177**
3178** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3179**
3180** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3181** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3182** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3183**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3184** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3185**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3186**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3187**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3188** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3189**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3190** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3191**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3192**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3193**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3194**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3195**          in URI filenames.
3196** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3197**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3198**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3199**          default, use a private cache.
3200** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3201**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3202**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3203** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3204**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3205** </table>
3206**
3207** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3208** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3209** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3210** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3211** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3212** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3213** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3214** the results are undefined.
3215**
3216** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3217** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3218** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3219** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3220** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3221**
3222** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3223** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3224** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3225**
3226** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3227*/
3228int sqlite3_open(
3229  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3230  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3231);
3232int sqlite3_open16(
3233  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3234  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3235);
3236int sqlite3_open_v2(
3237  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3238  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3239  int flags,              /* Flags */
3240  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3241);
3242
3243/*
3244** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3245**
3246** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3247** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3248** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3249**
3250** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3251** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3252** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3253** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3254** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3255** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3256** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3257** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3258** a pointer to an empty string.
3259**
3260** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3261** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3262** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3263** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3264** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3265** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3266** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3267** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3268** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3269** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3270**
3271** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3272** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3273** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3274** zero is returned.
3275**
3276** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3277** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3278** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3279** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3280** undesirable.
3281*/
3282const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3283int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3284sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3285
3286
3287/*
3288** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3289** METHOD: sqlite3
3290**
3291** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3292** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3293** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3294** API call.
3295** If the most recent API call was successful,
3296** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3297** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3298** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3299** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3300** disabled.
3301**
3302** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3303** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3304** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3305** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3306** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3307** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3308**
3309** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3310** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3311** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3312** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3313**
3314** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3315** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3316** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3317** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3318** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3319** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3320** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3321** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3322** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3323**
3324** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3325** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3326** error code and message may or may not be set.
3327*/
3328int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3329int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3330const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3331const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3332const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3333
3334/*
3335** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3336** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3337**
3338** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3339** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3340**
3341** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3342** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3343** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3344** prepared statement before it can be run.
3345**
3346** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3347**
3348** <ol>
3349** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3350** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3351**      interfaces.
3352** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3353** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3354**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3355** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3356** </ol>
3357*/
3358typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3359
3360/*
3361** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3362** METHOD: sqlite3
3363**
3364** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3365** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3366** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3367** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3368** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3369** new limit for that construct.)^
3370**
3371** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3372** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3373** [limits | hard upper bound]
3374** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3375** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3376** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3377** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3378** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3379**
3380** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3381** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3382** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3383** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3384**
3385** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3386** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3387** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3388** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3389** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3390** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3391** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3392** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3393** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3394** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3395** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3396** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3397**
3398** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3399*/
3400int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3401
3402/*
3403** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3404** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3405**
3406** These constants define various performance limits
3407** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3408** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3409** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3410**
3411** <dl>
3412** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3413** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3414**
3415** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3416** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3417**
3418** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3419** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3420** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3421** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3422**
3423** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3424** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3425**
3426** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3427** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3428**
3429** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3430** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3431** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3432** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3433** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3434**
3435** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3436** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3437**
3438** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3439** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3440**
3441** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3442** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3443** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3444** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3445**
3446** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3447** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3448** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3449**
3450** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3451** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3452**
3453** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3454** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3455** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3456** </dl>
3457*/
3458#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3459#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3460#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3461#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3462#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3463#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3464#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3465#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3466#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3467#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3468#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3469#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3470
3471
3472/*
3473** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3474** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3475** METHOD: sqlite3
3476** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3477**
3478** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3479** program using one of these routines.
3480**
3481** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3482** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3483** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3484**
3485** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3486** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3487** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3488** use UTF-16.
3489**
3490** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3491** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3492** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3493** statement is generated.
3494** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3495** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3496** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3497** the nul-terminator.
3498**
3499** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3500** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3501** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3502** what remains uncompiled.
3503**
3504** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3505** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3506** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3507** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3508** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3509** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3510** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3511**
3512** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3513** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3514**
3515** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3516** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3517** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3518** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3519** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3520** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3521** behave differently in three ways:
3522**
3523** <ol>
3524** <li>
3525** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3526** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3527** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3528** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3529** </li>
3530**
3531** <li>
3532** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3533** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3534** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3535** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3536** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3537** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3538** </li>
3539**
3540** <li>
3541** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3542** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3543** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3544** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3545** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3546** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3547** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3548** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3549** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3550** </li>
3551** </ol>
3552*/
3553int sqlite3_prepare(
3554  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3555  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3556  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3557  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3558  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3559);
3560int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3561  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3562  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3563  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3564  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3565  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3566);
3567int sqlite3_prepare16(
3568  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3569  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3570  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3571  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3572  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3573);
3574int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3575  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3576  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3577  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3578  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3579  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3580);
3581
3582/*
3583** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3584** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3585**
3586** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3587** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3588** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3589** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3590** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3591** [bound parameters] expanded.
3592**
3593** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3594** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3595** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3596** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3597** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3598**
3599** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3600** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3601** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3602**
3603** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3604** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3605** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3606**
3607** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3608** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3609** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3610** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3611** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3612*/
3613const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3614char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3615
3616/*
3617** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3618** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3619**
3620** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3621** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3622** the content of the database file.
3623**
3624** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3625** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3626** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3627** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3628** change the database file through side-effects:
3629**
3630** <blockquote><pre>
3631**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3632** </pre></blockquote>
3633**
3634** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3635** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3636**
3637** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3638** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3639** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3640** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3641** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3642** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3643** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3644** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3645** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3646** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3647** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3648** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3649*/
3650int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3651
3652/*
3653** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3654** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3655**
3656** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3657** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3658** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3659** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3660** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3661** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3662** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3663** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3664**
3665** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3666** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3667** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3668** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3669** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3670*/
3671int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3672
3673/*
3674** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3675** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3676**
3677** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3678** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3679** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3680** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3681**
3682** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3683** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3684** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3685** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3686** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3687** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3688** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3689**
3690** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3691** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3692** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3693** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3694** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3695** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3696** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3697** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3698** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3699** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3700** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3701** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3702**
3703** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3704** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3705** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3706** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3707** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3708** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3709** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3710** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3711*/
3712typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3713
3714/*
3715** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3716**
3717** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3718** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3719** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3720** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3721** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3722** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3723** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3724** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3725*/
3726typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3727
3728/*
3729** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3730** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3731** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3732** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3733**
3734** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3735** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3736** templates:
3737**
3738** <ul>
3739** <li>  ?
3740** <li>  ?NNN
3741** <li>  :VVV
3742** <li>  @VVV
3743** <li>  $VVV
3744** </ul>
3745**
3746** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3747** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3748** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3749** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3750**
3751** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3752** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3753** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3754**
3755** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3756** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3757** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3758** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3759** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3760** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3761** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3762** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3763** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3764**
3765** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3766** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3767** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3768** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3769**
3770** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3771** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3772** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3773** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3774** is negative, then the length of the string is
3775** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3776** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3777** the behavior is undefined.
3778** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3779** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3780** that parameter must be the byte offset
3781** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3782** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3783** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3784** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3785** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3786**
3787** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3788** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3789** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3790** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3791** ^If the fifth argument is
3792** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3793** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3794** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3795** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3796** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3797**
3798** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3799** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3800** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3801** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3802** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3803** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3804** is undefined.
3805**
3806** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3807** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3808** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3809** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3810** content is later written using
3811** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3812** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3813**
3814** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3815** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3816** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3817** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3818** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3819** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3820**
3821** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3822** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3823**
3824** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3825** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3826** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3827** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3828** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3829** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3830** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3831**
3832** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3833** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3834*/
3835int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3836int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3837                        void(*)(void*));
3838int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3839int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3840int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3841int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3842int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3843int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3844int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3845                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3846int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3847int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3848int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3849
3850/*
3851** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3852** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3853**
3854** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3855** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3856** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3857** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3858** to the parameters at a later time.
3859**
3860** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3861** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3862** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3863** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3864**
3865** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3866** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3867** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3868*/
3869int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3870
3871/*
3872** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3873** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3874**
3875** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3876** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3877** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3878** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3879** respectively.
3880** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3881** is included as part of the name.)^
3882** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3883** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3884**
3885** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3886**
3887** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3888** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3889** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3890** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3891** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3892**
3893** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3894** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3895** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3896*/
3897const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3898
3899/*
3900** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3901** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3902**
3903** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3904** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3905** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3906** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3907** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3908** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3909**
3910** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3911** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3912** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
3913*/
3914int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3915
3916/*
3917** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3918** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3919**
3920** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3921** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3922** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3923*/
3924int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3925
3926/*
3927** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3928** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3929**
3930** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3931** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
3932** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3933** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
3934** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
3935** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
3936** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
3937**
3938** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3939*/
3940int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3941
3942/*
3943** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3944** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3945**
3946** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3947** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3948** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3949** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3950** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3951** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3952** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3953**
3954** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3955** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3956** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3957** or until the next call to
3958** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3959**
3960** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3961** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3962** NULL pointer is returned.
3963**
3964** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3965** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3966** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3967** one release of SQLite to the next.
3968*/
3969const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3970const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3971
3972/*
3973** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3974** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3975**
3976** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3977** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3978** [SELECT] statement.
3979** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3980** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3981** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3982** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3983** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3984** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3985** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3986** or until the same information is requested
3987** again in a different encoding.
3988**
3989** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3990** database, table, and column.
3991**
3992** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3993** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3994** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3995** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3996**
3997** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3998** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3999** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4000** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4001** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4002**
4003** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4004** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4005**
4006** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4007** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4008**
4009** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4010** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4011** undefined.
4012**
4013** If two or more threads call one or more
4014** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4015** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4016** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4017*/
4018const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4019const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4020const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4021const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4022const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4023const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4024
4025/*
4026** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4027** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4028**
4029** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4030** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4031** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4032** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4033** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4034** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4035** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4036**
4037** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4038**
4039** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4040**
4041** and the following statement to be compiled:
4042**
4043** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4044**
4045** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4046** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4047**
4048** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4049** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4050** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4051** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4052** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4053** used to hold those values.
4054*/
4055const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4056const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4057
4058/*
4059** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4060** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4061**
4062** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
4063** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
4064** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4065** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4066**
4067** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4068** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
4069** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4070** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4071** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4072** interface will continue to be supported.
4073**
4074** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4075** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4076** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4077** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4078**
4079** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4080** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4081** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4082** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4083** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4084** continuing.
4085**
4086** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4087** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4088** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4089** machine back to its initial state.
4090**
4091** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4092** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4093** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4094** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4095**
4096** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4097** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4098** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4099** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4100** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4101** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4102** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4103** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4104**
4105** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4106** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4107** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4108** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4109** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4110** more threads at the same moment in time.
4111**
4112** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4113** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4114** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4115** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4116** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4117** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4118** sqlite3_step() began
4119** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4120** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4121** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4122** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4123** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4124**
4125** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4126** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4127** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4128** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4129** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4130** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4131** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4132** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
4133** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4134** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4135** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
4136*/
4137int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4138
4139/*
4140** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4141** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4142**
4143** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4144** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4145** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4146** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4147** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4148** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4149** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4150** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4151** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4152** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4153** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4154** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4155**
4156** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4157*/
4158int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4159
4160/*
4161** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4162** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4163**
4164** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4165**
4166** <ul>
4167** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4168** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4169** <li> string
4170** <li> BLOB
4171** <li> NULL
4172** </ul>)^
4173**
4174** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4175**
4176** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4177** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4178** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4179** SQLITE_TEXT.
4180*/
4181#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4182#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4183#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4184#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4185#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4186# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4187#else
4188# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4189#endif
4190#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4191
4192/*
4193** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4194** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4195** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4196**
4197** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4198** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4199** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4200** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4201** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4202** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4203** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4204** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4205**
4206** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4207** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4208** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4209** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4210** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4211** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4212** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4213** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4214** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4215** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4216** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4217**
4218** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4219** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4220** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4221** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
4222** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
4223** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
4224** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
4225** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4226** following a type conversion.
4227**
4228** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4229** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4230** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4231** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4232** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4233** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4234** the number of bytes in that string.
4235** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4236**
4237** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4238** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4239** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4240** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4241** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4242** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4243** the number of bytes in that string.
4244** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4245**
4246** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4247** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4248** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4249** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4250** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4251**
4252** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4253** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4254** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4255**
4256** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4257** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4258** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4259** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4260** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4261** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4262** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4263** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4264**
4265** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
4266** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4267** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4268** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4269** that are applied:
4270**
4271** <blockquote>
4272** <table border="1">
4273** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4274**
4275** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4276** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4277** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4278** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4279** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4280** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4281** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4282** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4283** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4284** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4285** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4286** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4287** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4288** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4289** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4290** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4291** </table>
4292** </blockquote>)^
4293**
4294** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4295** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4296** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4297** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4298** in the following cases:
4299**
4300** <ul>
4301** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4302**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4303**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4304** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4305**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4306**      to UTF-16.</li>
4307** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4308**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4309**      to UTF-8.</li>
4310** </ul>
4311**
4312** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4313** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4314** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4315** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4316** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4317**
4318** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4319** in one of the following ways:
4320**
4321** <ul>
4322**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4323**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4324**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4325** </ul>
4326**
4327** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4328** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4329** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4330** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4331** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4332** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4333** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4334**
4335** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4336** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4337** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4338** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4339** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4340** [sqlite3_free()].
4341**
4342** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4343** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4344** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4345** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4346** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4347*/
4348const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4349int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4350int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4351double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4352int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4353sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4354const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4355const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4356int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4357sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4358
4359/*
4360** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4361** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4362**
4363** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4364** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4365** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4366** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4367** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4368** [extended error code].
4369**
4370** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4371** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4372** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4373** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4374** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4375** completed execution.
4376**
4377** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4378**
4379** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4380** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4381** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4382** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4383** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4384*/
4385int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4386
4387/*
4388** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4389** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4390**
4391** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4392** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4393** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4394** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4395** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4396**
4397** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4398** back to the beginning of its program.
4399**
4400** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4401** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4402** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4403** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4404**
4405** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4406** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4407** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4408**
4409** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4410** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4411*/
4412int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4413
4414/*
4415** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4416** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4417** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4418** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4419** METHOD: sqlite3
4420**
4421** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4422** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4423** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4424** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4425** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4426** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4427** the application data pointer.
4428**
4429** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4430** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4431** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4432** to each database connection separately.
4433**
4434** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4435** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4436** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4437** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4438** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4439** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4440**
4441** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4442** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4443** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4444** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4445** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4446** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4447** undefined.
4448**
4449** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4450** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4451** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4452** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4453** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4454** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4455** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4456** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4457** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4458** each encoding.
4459** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4460** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4461**
4462** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4463** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4464** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4465** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4466** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4467** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4468** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4469**
4470** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4471** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4472**
4473** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4474** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4475** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4476** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4477** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4478** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4479** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4480** callbacks.
4481**
4482** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4483** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4484** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4485** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4486** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4487** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4488** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4489** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4490** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4491**
4492** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4493** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4494** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4495** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4496** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4497** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4498** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4499** matches the database encoding is a better
4500** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4501** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4502** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4503** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4504**
4505** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4506**
4507** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4508** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4509** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4510** statement in which the function is running.
4511*/
4512int sqlite3_create_function(
4513  sqlite3 *db,
4514  const char *zFunctionName,
4515  int nArg,
4516  int eTextRep,
4517  void *pApp,
4518  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4519  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4520  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4521);
4522int sqlite3_create_function16(
4523  sqlite3 *db,
4524  const void *zFunctionName,
4525  int nArg,
4526  int eTextRep,
4527  void *pApp,
4528  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4529  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4530  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4531);
4532int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4533  sqlite3 *db,
4534  const char *zFunctionName,
4535  int nArg,
4536  int eTextRep,
4537  void *pApp,
4538  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4539  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4540  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4541  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4542);
4543
4544/*
4545** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4546**
4547** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4548** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4549*/
4550#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4551#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4552#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4553#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4554#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4555#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4556
4557/*
4558** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4559**
4560** These constants may be ORed together with the
4561** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4562** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4563** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4564*/
4565#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4566
4567/*
4568** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4569** DEPRECATED
4570**
4571** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4572** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4573** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4574** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4575** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4576*/
4577#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4578SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4579SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4580SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4581SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4582SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4583SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4584                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4585#endif
4586
4587/*
4588** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4589** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4590**
4591** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4592** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4593** the function or aggregate.
4594**
4595** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4596** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4597** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4598** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4599** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4600** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4601** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4602**
4603** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4604** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4605** object results in undefined behavior.
4606**
4607** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4608** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4609** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4610**
4611** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4612** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4613** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4614** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4615**
4616** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4617** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4618** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4619** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4620** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4621** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4622** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4623**
4624** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4625** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4626** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4627** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4628** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4629**
4630** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4631** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4632*/
4633const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4634int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4635int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4636double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4637int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4638sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4639const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4640const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4641const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4642const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4643int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4644int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4645
4646/*
4647** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4648** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4649**
4650** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4651** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4652** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4653** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4654** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4655**
4656** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
4657** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
4658** input of another.
4659*/
4660unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4661
4662/*
4663** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4664** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4665**
4666** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4667** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4668** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4669** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4670** memory allocation fails.
4671**
4672** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4673** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4674** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4675*/
4676sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4677void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4678
4679/*
4680** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4681** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4682**
4683** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4684** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4685**
4686** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4687** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4688** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4689** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4690** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4691** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4692** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4693** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4694** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4695** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4696** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4697** first time from within xFinal().)^
4698**
4699** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4700** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4701** allocate error occurs.
4702**
4703** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4704** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4705** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4706** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4707** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4708** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4709** pointless memory allocations occur.
4710**
4711** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4712** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4713**
4714** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4715** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4716** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4717** function.
4718**
4719** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4720** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4721*/
4722void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4723
4724/*
4725** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4726** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4727**
4728** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4729** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4730** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4731** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4732** registered the application defined function.
4733**
4734** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4735** the application-defined function is running.
4736*/
4737void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4738
4739/*
4740** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4741** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4742**
4743** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4744** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4745** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4746** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4747** registered the application defined function.
4748*/
4749sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4750
4751/*
4752** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4753** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4754**
4755** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4756** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4757** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4758** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4759** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4760** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4761** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4762** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4763** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4764** invocations of the same function.
4765**
4766** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4767** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
4768** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
4769** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
4770** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
4771** returns a NULL pointer.
4772**
4773** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4774** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4775** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4776** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4777** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4778** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4779** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4780** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4781** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4782** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
4783** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4784**      SQL statement)^, or
4785** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
4786**       parameter)^, or
4787** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4788**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
4789**
4790** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4791** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4792** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4793** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4794** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4795** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4796**
4797** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4798** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4799** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4800**
4801** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
4802** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
4803** kinds of function caching behavior.
4804**
4805** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4806** the SQL function is running.
4807*/
4808void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4809void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4810
4811
4812/*
4813** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4814**
4815** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4816** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4817** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4818** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4819** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4820** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4821** the content before returning.
4822**
4823** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4824** C++ compilers.
4825*/
4826typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4827#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4828#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4829
4830/*
4831** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4832** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4833**
4834** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4835** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4836** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4837** for additional information.
4838**
4839** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4840** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4841** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4842**
4843** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4844** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4845** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4846** third parameter.
4847**
4848** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
4849** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
4850** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
4851**
4852** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4853** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4854** by its 2nd argument.
4855**
4856** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4857** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4858** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4859** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4860** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4861** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4862** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4863** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4864** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4865** message all text up through the first zero character.
4866** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4867** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4868** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4869** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4870** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4871** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4872** modify the text after they return without harm.
4873** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4874** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4875** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4876** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4877**
4878** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4879** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4880**
4881** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4882** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4883**
4884** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4885** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4886** value given in the 2nd argument.
4887** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4888** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4889** value given in the 2nd argument.
4890**
4891** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4892** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4893**
4894** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4895** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4896** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4897** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4898** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4899** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4900** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4901** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4902** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4903** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4904** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4905** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4906** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4907** through the first zero character.
4908** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4909** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4910** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4911** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4912** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4913** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4914** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4915** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4916** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4917** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4918** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4919** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4920** finished using that result.
4921** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4922** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4923** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4924** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4925** when it has finished using that result.
4926** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4927** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4928** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4929** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4930**
4931** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4932** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4933** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4934** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4935** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4936** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4937** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4938** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4939** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4940**
4941** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4942** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4943** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4944*/
4945void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4946void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4947                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4948void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4949void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4950void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4951void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4952void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4953void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4954void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4955void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4956void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4957void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4958void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4959                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4960void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4961void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4962void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4963void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4964void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4965int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
4966
4967
4968/*
4969** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
4970** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4971**
4972** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
4973** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
4974** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
4975** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
4976** higher order bits are discarded.
4977** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
4978** in future releases of SQLite.
4979*/
4980void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
4981
4982/*
4983** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4984** METHOD: sqlite3
4985**
4986** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4987** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4988**
4989** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4990** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4991** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4992** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4993** considered to be the same name.
4994**
4995** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4996** <ul>
4997** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4998** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4999** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5000** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5001** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5002** </ul>)^
5003** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5004** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5005** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5006** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5007** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5008** on an even byte address.
5009**
5010** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5011** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5012**
5013** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5014** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5015** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5016** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5017** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5018** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5019** that collation is no longer usable.
5020**
5021** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5022** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5023** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5024** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5025** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5026** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5027** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5028** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5029** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5030** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5031** strings A, B, and C:
5032**
5033** <ol>
5034** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5035** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5036** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5037** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5038** </ol>
5039**
5040** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5041** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5042** is undefined.
5043**
5044** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5045** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5046** the collating function is deleted.
5047** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5048** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5049** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5050**
5051** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5052** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5053** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5054** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5055** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5056** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5057** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5058** compatibility.
5059**
5060** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5061*/
5062int sqlite3_create_collation(
5063  sqlite3*,
5064  const char *zName,
5065  int eTextRep,
5066  void *pArg,
5067  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5068);
5069int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5070  sqlite3*,
5071  const char *zName,
5072  int eTextRep,
5073  void *pArg,
5074  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5075  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5076);
5077int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5078  sqlite3*,
5079  const void *zName,
5080  int eTextRep,
5081  void *pArg,
5082  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5083);
5084
5085/*
5086** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5087** METHOD: sqlite3
5088**
5089** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5090** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5091** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5092** sequence is required.
5093**
5094** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5095** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5096** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5097** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5098** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5099**
5100** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5101** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5102** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5103** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5104** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5105** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5106** required collation sequence.)^
5107**
5108** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5109** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5110** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5111*/
5112int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5113  sqlite3*,
5114  void*,
5115  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5116);
5117int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5118  sqlite3*,
5119  void*,
5120  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5121);
5122
5123#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5124/*
5125** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5126** called right after sqlite3_open().
5127**
5128** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5129** of SQLite.
5130*/
5131int sqlite3_key(
5132  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5133  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5134);
5135int sqlite3_key_v2(
5136  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5137  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5138  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5139);
5140
5141/*
5142** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5143** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5144** database is decrypted.
5145**
5146** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5147** of SQLite.
5148*/
5149int sqlite3_rekey(
5150  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5151  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5152);
5153int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5154  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5155  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5156  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5157);
5158
5159/*
5160** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5161** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5162*/
5163void sqlite3_activate_see(
5164  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5165);
5166#endif
5167
5168#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5169/*
5170** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5171** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5172*/
5173void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5174  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5175);
5176#endif
5177
5178/*
5179** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5180**
5181** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5182** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5183**
5184** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5185** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5186** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5187** requested from the operating system is returned.
5188**
5189** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5190** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5191** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5192** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5193** in the previous paragraphs.
5194*/
5195int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5196
5197/*
5198** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5199**
5200** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5201** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5202** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5203** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5204** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5205** temporary file directory.
5206**
5207** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5208** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5209** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5210** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5211** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5212** be avoided in new projects.
5213**
5214** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5215** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5216** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5217** thread.
5218** It is intended that this variable be set once
5219** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5220** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5221** thereafter.
5222**
5223** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5224** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5225** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5226** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5227** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5228** using [sqlite3_free].
5229** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5230** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5231** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5232** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5233** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5234** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5235** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5236** objects have been destroyed.
5237**
5238** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5239** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5240** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5241** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5242**
5243** <blockquote><pre>
5244** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5245** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5246** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5247** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5248** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5249** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5250** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5251** </pre></blockquote>
5252*/
5253SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5254
5255/*
5256** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5257**
5258** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5259** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5260** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5261** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5262** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5263** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5264** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5265** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5266** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5267**
5268** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5269** open can result in a corrupt database.
5270**
5271** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5272** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5273** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5274** thread.
5275** It is intended that this variable be set once
5276** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5277** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5278** thereafter.
5279**
5280** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5281** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5282** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5283** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5284** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5285** using [sqlite3_free].
5286** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5287** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5288** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5289*/
5290SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5291
5292/*
5293** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5294** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5295** METHOD: sqlite3
5296**
5297** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5298** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5299** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5300** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5301** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5302**
5303** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5304** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5305** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5306** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5307** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5308** an error is to use this function.
5309**
5310** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5311** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5312** is undefined.
5313*/
5314int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5315
5316/*
5317** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5318** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5319**
5320** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5321** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5322** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5323** that was the first argument
5324** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5325** create the statement in the first place.
5326*/
5327sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5328
5329/*
5330** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5331** METHOD: sqlite3
5332**
5333** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5334** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5335** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5336** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5337** a NULL pointer is returned.
5338**
5339** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5340** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5341** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5342** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5343*/
5344const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5345
5346/*
5347** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5348** METHOD: sqlite3
5349**
5350** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5351** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5352** the name of a database on connection D.
5353*/
5354int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5355
5356/*
5357** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5358** METHOD: sqlite3
5359**
5360** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5361** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5362** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5363** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5364** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5365**
5366** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5367** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5368** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5369*/
5370sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5371
5372/*
5373** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5374** METHOD: sqlite3
5375**
5376** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5377** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5378** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5379** for the same database connection is overridden.
5380** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5381** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5382** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5383** for the same database connection is overridden.
5384** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5385** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5386** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5387**
5388** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5389** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5390** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5391** the first call for each function on D.
5392**
5393** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5394** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5395** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5396** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5397** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5398** or rollback hook in the first place.
5399** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5400** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5401** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5402**
5403** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5404**
5405** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5406** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5407** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5408** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5409** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5410**
5411** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5412** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5413** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5414** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5415** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5416**
5417** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5418*/
5419void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5420void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5421
5422/*
5423** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5424** METHOD: sqlite3
5425**
5426** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5427** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5428** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5429** a [rowid table].
5430** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5431** for the same database connection is overridden.
5432**
5433** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5434** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5435** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5436** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5437** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5438** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5439** to be invoked.
5440** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5441** database and table name containing the affected row.
5442** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5443** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5444**
5445** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5446** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5447** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5448**
5449** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5450** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5451** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5452** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5453** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5454** release of SQLite.
5455**
5456** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5457** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5458** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5459** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5460** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5461** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5462**
5463** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5464** returns the P argument from the previous call
5465** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5466** the first call on D.
5467**
5468** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5469** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5470*/
5471void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5472  sqlite3*,
5473  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5474  void*
5475);
5476
5477/*
5478** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5479**
5480** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5481** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5482** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5483** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5484**
5485** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5486** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5487** In prior versions of SQLite,
5488** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5489**
5490** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5491** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5492** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5493** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5494**
5495** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5496** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5497**
5498** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5499** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5500** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5501**
5502** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5503** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5504** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5505** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5506**
5507** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5508** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5509**
5510** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5511*/
5512int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5513
5514/*
5515** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5516**
5517** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5518** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5519** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5520** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5521** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5522** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5523** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5524** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5525**
5526** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5527*/
5528int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5529
5530/*
5531** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5532** METHOD: sqlite3
5533**
5534** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5535** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5536** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5537** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5538** omitted.
5539**
5540** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5541*/
5542int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5543
5544/*
5545** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5546**
5547** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5548** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5549** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5550** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5551** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5552** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5553** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5554** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5555** is advisory only.
5556**
5557** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5558** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5559** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5560** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5561** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5562** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5563**
5564** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5565**
5566** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5567** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5568**
5569** <ul>
5570** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5571** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5572**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5573**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5574** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5575**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5576** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5577**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5578**      from the heap.
5579** </ul>)^
5580**
5581** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5582** the soft heap limit is enforced
5583** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5584** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5585** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5586** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5587** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5588** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5589** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5590** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5591**
5592** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5593** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5594*/
5595sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5596
5597/*
5598** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5599** DEPRECATED
5600**
5601** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5602** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5603** only.  All new applications should use the
5604** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5605*/
5606SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5607
5608
5609/*
5610** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5611** METHOD: sqlite3
5612**
5613** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5614** information about column C of table T in database D
5615** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5616** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5617** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5618** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5619** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5620** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5621** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5622** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5623** does not.
5624**
5625** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5626** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5627** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5628** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5629** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5630** resolve unqualified table references.
5631**
5632** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5633** name of the desired column, respectively.
5634**
5635** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5636** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5637** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5638**
5639** ^(<blockquote>
5640** <table border="1">
5641** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5642**
5643** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5644** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5645** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5646** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5647** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5648** </table>
5649** </blockquote>)^
5650**
5651** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5652** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5653** call to any SQLite API function.
5654**
5655** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5656**
5657** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5658** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5659** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5660** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5661** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5662** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5663**
5664** <pre>
5665**     data type: "INTEGER"
5666**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5667**     not null: 0
5668**     primary key: 1
5669**     auto increment: 0
5670** </pre>)^
5671**
5672** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5673** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5674** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5675*/
5676int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5677  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5678  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5679  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5680  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5681  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5682  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5683  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5684  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5685  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5686);
5687
5688/*
5689** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5690** METHOD: sqlite3
5691**
5692** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5693**
5694** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5695** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5696** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5697** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5698** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5699** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5700** be tried also.
5701**
5702** ^The entry point is zProc.
5703** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5704** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5705** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5706** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5707** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5708** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5709** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5710** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5711** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5712** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5713** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5714** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5715** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5716**
5717** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5718** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5719** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5720** prior to calling this API,
5721** otherwise an error will be returned.
5722**
5723** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5724** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5725** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5726** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5727** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5728** access to extension loading capabilities.
5729**
5730** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5731*/
5732int sqlite3_load_extension(
5733  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5734  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5735  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5736  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5737);
5738
5739/*
5740** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5741** METHOD: sqlite3
5742**
5743** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5744** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5745** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5746** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5747**
5748** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5749** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5750** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5751** it back off again.
5752**
5753** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
5754** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
5755** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
5756** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
5757**
5758** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
5759** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
5760** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
5761** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5762** access to extension loading capabilities.
5763*/
5764int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5765
5766/*
5767** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5768**
5769** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5770** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5771** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5772** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5773**
5774** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5775** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5776** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
5777** entry point where as follows:
5778**
5779** <blockquote><pre>
5780** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5781** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5782** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5783** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5784** &nbsp;  );
5785** </pre></blockquote>)^
5786**
5787** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5788** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5789** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5790** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5791** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5792** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5793** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5794**
5795** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5796** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5797** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5798**
5799** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5800** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5801*/
5802int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5803
5804/*
5805** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5806**
5807** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5808** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5809** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5810** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5811** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5812** routines.
5813*/
5814int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5815
5816/*
5817** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5818**
5819** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5820** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5821*/
5822void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5823
5824/*
5825** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5826** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5827** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5828**
5829** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5830** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5831*/
5832
5833/*
5834** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5835*/
5836typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5837typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5838typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5839typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5840
5841/*
5842** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5843** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5844**
5845** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5846** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5847** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5848**
5849** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5850** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5851** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5852** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5853** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5854** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5855** any database connection.
5856*/
5857struct sqlite3_module {
5858  int iVersion;
5859  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5860               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5861               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5862  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5863               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5864               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5865  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5866  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5867  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5868  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5869  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5870  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5871                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5872  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5873  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5874  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5875  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5876  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5877  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5878  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5879  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5880  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5881  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5882                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5883                       void **ppArg);
5884  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5885  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5886  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5887  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5888  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5889  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5890};
5891
5892/*
5893** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5894** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5895**
5896** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5897** of the [virtual table] interface to
5898** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5899** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5900** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5901** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5902**
5903** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5904**
5905** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5906**
5907** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5908** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5909** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5910** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5911** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5912** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5913** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5914**
5915** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5916** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5917** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5918** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5919** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5920**
5921** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5922** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5923**
5924** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
5925** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
5926** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
5927** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
5928** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
5929** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
5930** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
5931** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
5932** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
5933** non-zero.
5934**
5935** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5936** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5937** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5938** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5939** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5940** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5941**
5942** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5943** [xFilter] method.
5944** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5945** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5946**
5947** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5948** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5949** sorting step is required.
5950**
5951** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5952** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5953** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5954** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5955** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5956**
5957** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5958** will be returned by the strategy.
5959**
5960** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
5961** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
5962** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
5963** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
5964**
5965** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
5966** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
5967** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
5968** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
5969** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
5970** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
5971** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
5972** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
5973** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
5974**
5975** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5976** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
5977** If a virtual table extension is
5978** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5979** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5980** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5981** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5982** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
5983** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
5984** It may therefore only be used if
5985** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
5986** 3009000.
5987*/
5988struct sqlite3_index_info {
5989  /* Inputs */
5990  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5991  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5992     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
5993     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5994     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5995     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5996  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5997  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5998  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5999     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6000     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6001  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6002  /* Outputs */
6003  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6004    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6005    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6006  } *aConstraintUsage;
6007  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6008  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6009  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6010  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6011  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6012  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6013  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6014  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6015  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6016  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6017  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6018};
6019
6020/*
6021** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6022*/
6023#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6024
6025/*
6026** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6027**
6028** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6029** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6030** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6031** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6032*/
6033#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
6034#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
6035#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
6036#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
6037#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
6038#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
6039#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
6040#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
6041#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
6042
6043/*
6044** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6045** METHOD: sqlite3
6046**
6047** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6048** ^Module names must be registered before
6049** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6050** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6051**
6052** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6053** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6054** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6055** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6056** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6057** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6058** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6059**
6060** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6061** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6062** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6063** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6064** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6065** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6066** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6067** destructor.
6068*/
6069int sqlite3_create_module(
6070  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6071  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6072  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6073  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6074);
6075int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6076  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6077  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6078  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6079  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6080  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6081);
6082
6083/*
6084** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6085** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6086**
6087** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6088** of this object to describe a particular instance
6089** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6090** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6091** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6092** common to all module implementations.
6093**
6094** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6095** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6096** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6097** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6098** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6099** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6100*/
6101struct sqlite3_vtab {
6102  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6103  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6104  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6105  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6106};
6107
6108/*
6109** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6110** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6111**
6112** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6113** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6114** [virtual table] and are used
6115** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6116** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6117** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6118** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6119** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6120** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6121**
6122** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6123** are common to all implementations.
6124*/
6125struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6126  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6127  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6128};
6129
6130/*
6131** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6132**
6133** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6134** [virtual table module] call this interface
6135** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6136** the virtual tables they implement.
6137*/
6138int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6139
6140/*
6141** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6142** METHOD: sqlite3
6143**
6144** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6145** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6146** But global versions of those functions
6147** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6148**
6149** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6150** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6151** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6152** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6153** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6154** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6155** by a [virtual table].
6156*/
6157int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6158
6159/*
6160** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6161** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6162** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6163** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6164**
6165** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6166** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6167*/
6168
6169/*
6170** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6171** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6172**
6173** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6174** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6175** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6176** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6177** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6178** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6179** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6180*/
6181typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6182
6183/*
6184** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6185** METHOD: sqlite3
6186** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6187**
6188** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6189** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6190** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6191**
6192** <pre>
6193**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6194** </pre>)^
6195**
6196** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6197** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6198** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6199** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6200** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6201**
6202** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6203** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6204** read-only access.
6205**
6206** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6207** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6208** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6209** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6210** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6211**
6212** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6213** <ul>
6214**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6215**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6216**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6217**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6218**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6219**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6220**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6221**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6222**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6223**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6224**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6225**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6226** </ul>
6227**
6228** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6229** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6230** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6231**
6232** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6233** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6234** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6235** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6236** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6237** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6238**
6239** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6240** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6241** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6242** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6243** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6244** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6245** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6246** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6247** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6248** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6249**
6250** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6251** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6252** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6253** blob.
6254**
6255** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6256** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6257** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6258**
6259** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6260** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6261**
6262** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6263** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6264** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6265*/
6266int sqlite3_blob_open(
6267  sqlite3*,
6268  const char *zDb,
6269  const char *zTable,
6270  const char *zColumn,
6271  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6272  int flags,
6273  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6274);
6275
6276/*
6277** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6278** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6279**
6280** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6281** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6282** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6283** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6284** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6285** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6286**
6287** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6288** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6289** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6290** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6291** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6292** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6293** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6294** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6295** always returns zero.
6296**
6297** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6298*/
6299int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6300
6301/*
6302** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6303** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6304**
6305** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6306** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6307** handle is still closed.)^
6308**
6309** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6310** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6311** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6312** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6313** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6314**
6315** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6316** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6317** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6318** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6319** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6320** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6321*/
6322int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6323
6324/*
6325** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6326** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6327**
6328** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6329** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6330** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6331** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6332**
6333** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6334** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6335** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6336** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6337*/
6338int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6339
6340/*
6341** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6342** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6343**
6344** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6345** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6346** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6347**
6348** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6349** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6350** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6351** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6352** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6353**
6354** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6355** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6356**
6357** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6358** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6359**
6360** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6361** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6362** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6363** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6364**
6365** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6366*/
6367int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6368
6369/*
6370** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6371** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6372**
6373** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6374** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6375** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6376**
6377** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6378** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6379** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6380** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6381** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6382**
6383** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6384** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6385** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6386**
6387** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6388** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6389** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6390** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6391** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6392** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6393** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6394**
6395** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6396** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6397** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6398** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6399** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6400** or by other independent statements.
6401**
6402** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6403** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6404** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6405** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6406**
6407** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6408*/
6409int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6410
6411/*
6412** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6413**
6414** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6415** that SQLite uses to interact
6416** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6417** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6418** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6419** The following interfaces are provided.
6420**
6421** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6422** ^Names are case sensitive.
6423** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6424** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6425** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6426**
6427** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6428** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6429** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6430** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6431** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6432** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6433** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6434** then the behavior is undefined.
6435**
6436** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6437** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6438** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6439*/
6440sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6441int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6442int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6443
6444/*
6445** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6446**
6447** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6448** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6449** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6450** permitted to use any of these routines.
6451**
6452** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6453** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6454** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6455** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6456**
6457** <ul>
6458** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6459** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6460** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6461** </ul>
6462**
6463** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6464** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6465** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6466** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6467** and Windows.
6468**
6469** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6470** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6471** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6472** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6473** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6474** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6475** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6476**
6477** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6478** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6479** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6480** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6481** integer constants:
6482**
6483** <ul>
6484** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6485** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6486** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6487** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6488** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6489** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6490** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6491** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6492** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6493** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6494** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6495** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6496** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6497** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6498** </ul>
6499**
6500** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6501** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6502** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6503** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6504** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6505** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6506** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6507** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6508** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6509** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6510**
6511** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6512** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6513** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6514** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6515** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6516** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6517** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6518** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6519**
6520** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6521** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6522** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6523** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6524** the same type number.
6525**
6526** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6527** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6528** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6529**
6530** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6531** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6532** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6533** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6534** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6535** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6536** In such cases, the
6537** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6538** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6539** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6540**
6541** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6542** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6543** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6544** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6545** behavior.)^
6546**
6547** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6548** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6549** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6550** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6551**
6552** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6553** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6554** behave as no-ops.
6555**
6556** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6557*/
6558sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6559void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6560void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6561int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6562void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6563
6564/*
6565** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6566**
6567** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6568** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6569**
6570** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6571** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6572** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6573** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6574** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6575** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6576** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6577** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6578** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6579**
6580** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6581** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6582** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6583** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6584**
6585** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6586** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6587** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6588** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6589** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6590** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6591**
6592** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6593** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6594** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6595**
6596** <ul>
6597**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6598**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6599**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6600**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6601**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6602**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6603**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6604** </ul>)^
6605**
6606** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6607** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6608** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6609** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6610** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6611** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6612** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6613**
6614** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6615** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6616** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6617** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6618**
6619** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6620** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6621** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6622** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6623**
6624** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6625** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6626** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6627** prior to returning.
6628*/
6629typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6630struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6631  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6632  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6633  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6634  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6635  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6636  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6637  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6638  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6639  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6640};
6641
6642/*
6643** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6644**
6645** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6646** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6647** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6648** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6649** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6650** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6651** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6652** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6653**
6654** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6655** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6656**
6657** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6658** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6659** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6660** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6661**
6662** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6663** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6664** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6665** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6666** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6667** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6668** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6669** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6670*/
6671#ifndef NDEBUG
6672int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6673int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6674#endif
6675
6676/*
6677** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6678**
6679** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6680** which is one of these integer constants.
6681**
6682** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6683** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6684** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6685*/
6686#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6687#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6688#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6689#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6690#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6691#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6692#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6693#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6694#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6695#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6696#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6697#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6698#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6699#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6700#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6701#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6702
6703/*
6704** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6705** METHOD: sqlite3
6706**
6707** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6708** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6709** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6710** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6711** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6712*/
6713sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6714
6715/*
6716** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6717** METHOD: sqlite3
6718**
6719** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6720** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6721** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6722** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6723** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6724** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6725** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6726** main database file.
6727** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6728** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6729** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6730** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6731**
6732** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6733** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6734** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6735** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6736** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6737**
6738** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6739** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6740** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6741** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6742** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6743** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6744** xFileControl method.
6745**
6746** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6747*/
6748int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6749
6750/*
6751** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6752**
6753** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6754** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6755** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6756** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6757**
6758** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6759** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6760** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6761**
6762** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6763** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6764** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6765** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6766*/
6767int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6768
6769/*
6770** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6771**
6772** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6773** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6774**
6775** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6776** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6777** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6778** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6779*/
6780#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6781#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6782#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6783#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6784#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6785#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6786#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6787#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6788#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6789#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6790#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6791#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6792#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6793#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6794#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6795#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6796#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
6797#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6798#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6799#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6800#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6801#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6802#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6803#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6804
6805/*
6806** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6807**
6808** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6809** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6810** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6811** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6812** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6813** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6814** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6815** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6816** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6817** value.  For those parameters
6818** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6819** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6820** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6821**
6822** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6823** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6824**
6825** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6826** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6827** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6828**
6829** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6830*/
6831int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6832int sqlite3_status64(
6833  int op,
6834  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6835  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6836  int resetFlag
6837);
6838
6839
6840/*
6841** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6842** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6843**
6844** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6845** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6846**
6847** <dl>
6848** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6849** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6850** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6851** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6852** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6853** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6854** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6855** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6856** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6857**
6858** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6859** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6860** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6861** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6862** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6863** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6864**
6865** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6866** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6867** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6868**
6869** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6870** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6871** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6872** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6873** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6874**
6875** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6876** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6877** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6878** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6879** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6880** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6881** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6882** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6883** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6884**
6885** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6886** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6887** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6888** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6889** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6890**
6891** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6892** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6893** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6894** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6895** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6896** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6897** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6898**
6899** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6900** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6901** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6902** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6903** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6904** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6905** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6906** slots were available.
6907** </dd>)^
6908**
6909** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6910** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6911** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6912** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6913** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6914**
6915** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6916** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
6917** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
6918** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6919** </dl>
6920**
6921** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6922*/
6923#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6924#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6925#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6926#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6927#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6928#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6929#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6930#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6931#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6932#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6933
6934/*
6935** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6936** METHOD: sqlite3
6937**
6938** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6939** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6940** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6941** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6942** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6943** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6944** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6945** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6946**
6947** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6948** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6949** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6950** reset back down to the current value.
6951**
6952** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6953** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6954**
6955** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6956*/
6957int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6958
6959/*
6960** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6961** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6962**
6963** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6964** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6965**
6966** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6967** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6968** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6969** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6970** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6971**
6972** <dl>
6973** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6974** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6975** checked out.</dd>)^
6976**
6977** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6978** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6979** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6980** the current value is always zero.)^
6981**
6982** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6983** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6984** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6985** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6986** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6987** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6988** the current value is always zero.)^
6989**
6990** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6991** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6992** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6993** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6994** memory already being in use.
6995** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6996** the current value is always zero.)^
6997**
6998** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6999** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7000** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7001** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7002**
7003** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7004** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7005** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7006** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7007** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7008** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7009** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7010** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7011** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7012** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7013** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7014**
7015** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7016** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7017** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7018** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7019** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7020** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7021** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7022** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7023**
7024** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7025** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7026** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7027** the database connection.)^
7028** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7029** </dd>
7030**
7031** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7032** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7033** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7034** is always 0.
7035** </dd>
7036**
7037** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7038** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7039** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7040** is always 0.
7041** </dd>
7042**
7043** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7044** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7045** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7046** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7047** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7048** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7049** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7050** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7051** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7052** </dd>
7053**
7054** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7055** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7056** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7057** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7058** </dd>
7059** </dl>
7060*/
7061#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7062#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7063#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7064#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7065#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7066#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7067#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7068#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7069#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7070#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7071#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7072#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7073#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7074
7075
7076/*
7077** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7078** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7079**
7080** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7081** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7082** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7083** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7084** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7085** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7086** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7087** an index.
7088**
7089** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7090** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7091** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7092** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7093** to be interrogated.)^
7094** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7095** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7096** interface call returns.
7097**
7098** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7099*/
7100int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7101
7102/*
7103** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7104** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7105**
7106** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7107** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7108** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7109**
7110** <dl>
7111** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7112** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7113** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7114** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7115** careful use of indices.</dd>
7116**
7117** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7118** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7119** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7120** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7121**
7122** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7123** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7124** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7125** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7126** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7127** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7128**
7129** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7130** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7131** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7132** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7133** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7134** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7135** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7136**
7137** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7138** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7139** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7140** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7141** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7142** </dd>
7143** </dl>
7144*/
7145#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7146#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7147#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7148#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7149#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           5
7150
7151/*
7152** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7153**
7154** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7155** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7156** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7157** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7158** to the object.
7159**
7160** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7161*/
7162typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7163
7164/*
7165** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7166**
7167** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7168** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7169** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7170** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7171**
7172** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7173*/
7174typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7175struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7176  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7177  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7178};
7179
7180/*
7181** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7182** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7183**
7184** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7185** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7186** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7187** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7188** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7189** By implementing a
7190** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7191** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7192** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7193** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7194** how long.
7195**
7196** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7197** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7198** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7199**
7200** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7201** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7202** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7203** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7204**
7205** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7206** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7207** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7208** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7209** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7210** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7211** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7212** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7213** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7214** page cache.)^
7215**
7216** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7217** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7218** It can be used to clean up
7219** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7220** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7221**
7222** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7223** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7224** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7225** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7226** in multithreaded applications.
7227**
7228** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7229** call to xShutdown().
7230**
7231** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7232** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7233** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7234** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7235** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7236** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7237** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7238** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7239** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7240** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7241** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7242** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7243** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7244** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7245** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7246** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7247** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7248** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7249** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7250** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7251** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7252** never contain any unpinned pages.
7253**
7254** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7255** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7256** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7257** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7258** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7259** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7260** value; it is advisory only.
7261**
7262** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7263** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7264** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7265**
7266** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7267** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7268** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7269** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7270** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7271** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7272** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7273** for each entry in the page cache.
7274**
7275** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7276** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7277** to be "pinned".
7278**
7279** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7280** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7281** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7282** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7283** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7284**
7285** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7286** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7287** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7288** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7289**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7290** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7291**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7292** </table>
7293**
7294** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7295** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7296** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7297** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7298** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7299**
7300** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7301** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7302** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7303** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7304** ^If the discard parameter is
7305** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7306** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7307** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7308**
7309** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7310** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7311** to xFetch().
7312**
7313** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7314** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7315** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7316** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7317** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7318** to be pinned.
7319**
7320** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7321** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7322** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7323** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7324** they can be safely discarded.
7325**
7326** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7327** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7328** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7329** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7330** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7331** functions.
7332**
7333** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7334** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7335** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7336** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7337** do their best.
7338*/
7339typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7340struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7341  int iVersion;
7342  void *pArg;
7343  int (*xInit)(void*);
7344  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7345  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7346  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7347  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7348  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7349  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7350  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7351      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7352  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7353  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7354  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7355};
7356
7357/*
7358** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7359** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7360** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7361*/
7362typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7363struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7364  void *pArg;
7365  int (*xInit)(void*);
7366  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7367  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7368  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7369  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7370  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7371  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7372  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7373  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7374  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7375};
7376
7377
7378/*
7379** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7380**
7381** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7382** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7383** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7384** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7385**
7386** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7387*/
7388typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7389
7390/*
7391** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7392**
7393** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7394** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7395** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7396**
7397** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7398**
7399** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7400** for the duration of the backup operation.
7401** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7402** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7403** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7404** preventing other database connections from
7405** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7406**
7407** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7408**   <ol>
7409**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7410**         backup,
7411**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7412**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7413**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7414**         associated with the backup operation.
7415**   </ol>)^
7416** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7417** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7418**
7419** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7420**
7421** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7422** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7423** and the database name, respectively.
7424** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7425** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7426** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7427** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7428** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7429** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7430** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7431** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7432** an error.
7433**
7434** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7435** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7436** destination database.
7437**
7438** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7439** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7440** destination [database connection] D.
7441** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7442** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7443** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7444** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7445** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7446** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7447** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7448** operation.
7449**
7450** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7451**
7452** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7453** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7454** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7455** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7456** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7457** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7458** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7459** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7460** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7461** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7462** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7463** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7464**
7465** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7466** <ol>
7467** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7468** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7469** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7470** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7471** destination and source page sizes differ.
7472** </ol>)^
7473**
7474** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7475** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7476** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7477** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7478** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7479** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7480** [database connection]
7481** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7482** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7483** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7484** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7485** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7486** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7487** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7488** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7489** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7490**
7491** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7492** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7493** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7494** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7495** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7496** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7497** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7498** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7499** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7500** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7501** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7502** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7503** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7504** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7505** updated at the same time.
7506**
7507** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7508**
7509** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7510** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7511** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7512** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7513** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7514** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7515** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7516** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7517** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7518**
7519** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7520** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7521** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7522** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7523** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7524** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7525**
7526** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7527** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7528** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7529**
7530** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7531** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7532**
7533** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7534** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7535** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7536** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7537** sqlite3_backup_step().
7538** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7539** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7540** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7541** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7542** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7543** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7544**
7545** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7546**
7547** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7548** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7549** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7550** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7551** from within other threads.
7552**
7553** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7554** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7555** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7556** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7557** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7558** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7559** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7560** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7561**
7562** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7563** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7564** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7565** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7566** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7567** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7568**
7569** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7570** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7571** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7572** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7573** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7574** possible that they return invalid values.
7575*/
7576sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7577  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7578  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7579  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7580  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7581);
7582int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7583int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7584int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7585int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7586
7587/*
7588** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7589** METHOD: sqlite3
7590**
7591** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7592** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7593** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7594** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7595** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7596** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7597** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7598** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7599**
7600** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7601**
7602** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7603** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7604**
7605** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7606** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7607** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7608** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7609** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7610** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7611** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7612** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7613** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7614** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7615**
7616** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7617** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7618** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7619** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7620** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7621**
7622** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7623** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7624** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7625** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7626**
7627** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7628** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7629** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7630** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7631** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7632** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7633** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7634** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7635**
7636** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7637** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7638** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7639**
7640** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7641** returns SQLITE_OK.
7642**
7643** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7644**
7645** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7646** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7647** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7648** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7649** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7650** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7651**
7652** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7653** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7654** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7655** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7656** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7657** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7658** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7659** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7660**
7661** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7662**
7663** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7664** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7665** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7666** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7667** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7668** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7669** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7670**
7671** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7672** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7673** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7674** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7675** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7676** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7677** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7678** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7679** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7680** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7681** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7682** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7683**
7684** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7685**
7686** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7687** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7688** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7689** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7690** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7691** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7692** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7693** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7694** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7695**
7696** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7697** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7698** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7699** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7700** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7701*/
7702int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7703  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7704  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7705  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7706);
7707
7708
7709/*
7710** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7711**
7712** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7713** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7714** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7715** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7716*/
7717int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7718int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7719
7720/*
7721** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7722*
7723** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7724** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7725** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7726** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7727** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7728** is case sensitive.
7729**
7730** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7731** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7732**
7733** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7734*/
7735int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7736
7737/*
7738** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7739*
7740** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7741** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7742** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7743** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7744** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7745** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7746** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7747** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7748** one another.
7749**
7750** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7751** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7752**
7753** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7754** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7755**
7756** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7757*/
7758int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7759
7760/*
7761** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7762**
7763** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7764** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7765** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7766** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7767**
7768** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7769** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7770** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7771** is considered bad form.
7772**
7773** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7774**
7775** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7776** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7777** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7778** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7779** buffer.
7780*/
7781void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7782
7783/*
7784** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7785** METHOD: sqlite3
7786**
7787** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7788** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7789**
7790** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7791** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7792** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7793**
7794** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7795** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7796** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7797** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7798** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7799** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7800** including those that were just committed.
7801**
7802** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7803** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7804** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7805** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7806** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7807** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7808** are undefined.
7809**
7810** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7811** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7812** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7813** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7814** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7815** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7816*/
7817void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7818  sqlite3*,
7819  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7820  void*
7821);
7822
7823/*
7824** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7825** METHOD: sqlite3
7826**
7827** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7828** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7829** to automatically [checkpoint]
7830** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7831** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7832** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7833** checkpoints entirely.
7834**
7835** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7836** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7837** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7838** configured by this function.
7839**
7840** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7841** from SQL.
7842**
7843** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7844** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7845**
7846** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7847** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7848** pages.  The use of this interface
7849** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7850** for a particular application.
7851*/
7852int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7853
7854/*
7855** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7856** METHOD: sqlite3
7857**
7858** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7859** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7860**
7861** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7862** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7863** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7864** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7865** information.
7866**
7867** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7868** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7869** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7870** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7871** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7872** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7873*/
7874int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7875
7876/*
7877** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7878** METHOD: sqlite3
7879**
7880** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7881** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7882** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7883** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7884**
7885** <dl>
7886** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7887**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7888**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7889**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7890**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7891**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7892**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7893**
7894** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7895**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7896**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7897**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7898**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7899**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7900**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7901**
7902** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7903**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7904**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7905**   [busy-handler callback])
7906**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7907**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7908**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7909**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7910**
7911** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7912**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7913**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7914**   to a successful return.
7915** </dl>
7916**
7917** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7918** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7919** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7920** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7921** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7922** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7923** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7924** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7925** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7926**
7927** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7928** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7929** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7930** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7931**
7932** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7933** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7934** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7935** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7936** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7937** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7938** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7939** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7940** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7941** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7942**
7943** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7944** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7945** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7946** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7947** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7948** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7949** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7950** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7951** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7952** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7953** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7954**
7955** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7956** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7957** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7958** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7959**
7960** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7961** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7962** sets the error information that is queried by
7963** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7964**
7965** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7966** from SQL.
7967*/
7968int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7969  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7970  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7971  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7972  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7973  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7974);
7975
7976/*
7977** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7978** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7979**
7980** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7981** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7982** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7983** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7984*/
7985#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7986#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7987#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7988#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7989
7990/*
7991** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7992**
7993** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7994** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7995** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7996**
7997** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7998** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7999**
8000** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8001** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8002** may be added in the future.
8003*/
8004int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8005
8006/*
8007** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8008**
8009** These macros define the various options to the
8010** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8011** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8012**
8013** <dl>
8014** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8015** <dd>Calls of the form
8016** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8017** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8018** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8019** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8020** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8021** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8022** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8023** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8024**
8025** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8026** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8027** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8028** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8029** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8030** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8031** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8032** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8033** had been ABORT.
8034**
8035** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8036** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8037** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8038** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8039** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8040** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8041** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8042** constraint handling.
8043** </dl>
8044*/
8045#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8046
8047/*
8048** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8049**
8050** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8051** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8052** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8053** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8054** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8055** [virtual table].
8056*/
8057int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8058
8059/*
8060** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8061** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8062**
8063** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8064** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8065** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8066**
8067** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8068** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8069** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8070*/
8071#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8072/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8073#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8074/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8075#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8076
8077/*
8078** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8079** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8080**
8081** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8082** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8083** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8084**
8085** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8086** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8087** S is finalized.
8088**
8089** <dl>
8090** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8091** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8092** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8093**
8094** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8095** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8096** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8097**
8098** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8099** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8100** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8101** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8102** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8103** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8104** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8105**
8106** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8107** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8108** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8109** used for the X-th loop.
8110**
8111** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8112** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8113** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8114** description for the X-th loop.
8115**
8116** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8117** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8118** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8119** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8120** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8121** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8122** </dl>
8123*/
8124#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8125#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8126#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8127#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8128#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8129#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8130
8131/*
8132** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8133** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8134**
8135** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8136** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8137** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8138** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8139**
8140** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8141** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8142** compile-time option.
8143**
8144** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8145** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8146** of this interface is undefined.
8147** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8148** the "pOut" parameter.
8149** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8150** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8151** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8152** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8153** points to is unchanged.
8154**
8155** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8156** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8157** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8158** that pOut points to unchanged.
8159**
8160** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8161*/
8162int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8163  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8164  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8165  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8166  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8167);
8168
8169/*
8170** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8171** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8172**
8173** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8174**
8175** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8176** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8177*/
8178void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8179
8180/*
8181** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8182**
8183** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8184** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8185** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8186** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8187** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8188** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8189** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8190** any [attached] databases.
8191**
8192** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8193** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8194** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8195** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8196** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8197** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8198** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8199** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8200**
8201** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8202** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8203** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8204**
8205** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8206**
8207** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8208** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8209*/
8210int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8211
8212/*
8213** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8214**
8215** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8216** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8217**
8218** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8219** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8220** on a database table.
8221** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8222** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8223** the previous setting.
8224** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8225** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8226** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8227** the first parameter to callbacks.
8228**
8229** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8230** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8231** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8232**
8233** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8234** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8235** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8236** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8237** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8238** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8239** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8240** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8241** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8242** databases.)^
8243** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8244** table that is being modified.
8245**
8246** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8247** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8248** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8249** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8250** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8251** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8252** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8253** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8254** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8255**
8256** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8257** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8258** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8259** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8260** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8261** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8262** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8263** behavior.
8264**
8265** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8266** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8267**
8268** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8269** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8270** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8271** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8272** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8273** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8274** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8275** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8276**
8277** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8278** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8279** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8280** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8281** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8282** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8283** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8284** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8285**
8286** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8287** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8288** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8289** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8290** triggers; and so forth.
8291**
8292** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8293*/
8294#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8295void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8296  sqlite3 *db,
8297  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8298    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8299    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8300    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8301    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8302    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8303    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8304    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8305  ),
8306  void*
8307);
8308int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8309int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8310int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8311int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8312#endif
8313
8314/*
8315** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8316**
8317** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8318** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8319** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8320** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8321** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8322** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8323*/
8324int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8325
8326/*
8327** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8328** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8329** EXPERIMENTAL
8330**
8331** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8332** database for some specific point in history.
8333**
8334** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8335** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8336** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8337** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8338** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8339** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8340** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8341**
8342** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8343** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8344** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8345** the most recent version.
8346**
8347** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8348** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8349** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8350** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8351*/
8352typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8353  unsigned char hidden[48];
8354} sqlite3_snapshot;
8355
8356/*
8357** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8358** EXPERIMENTAL
8359**
8360** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8361** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8362** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8363** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8364** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8365** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8366** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8367**
8368** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8369** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8370** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8371** in this case.
8372**
8373** <ul>
8374**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8375**
8376**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8377**
8378**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8379**        connection D.
8380**
8381**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8382**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8383**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8384**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8385**        must be written to it first.
8386** </ul>
8387**
8388** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8389** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8390** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8391**
8392** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8393** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8394** to avoid a memory leak.
8395**
8396** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8397** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8398*/
8399SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8400  sqlite3 *db,
8401  const char *zSchema,
8402  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8403);
8404
8405/*
8406** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8407** EXPERIMENTAL
8408**
8409** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8410** read transaction for schema S of
8411** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8412** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8413** recent change to the database.
8414** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8415** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8416**
8417** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8418** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8419** out of [autocommit mode].
8420** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8421** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8422** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8423** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8424** [checkpoint].
8425** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8426** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8427** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8428** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8429** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8430** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8431** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8432** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8433**
8434** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8435** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8436*/
8437SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8438  sqlite3 *db,
8439  const char *zSchema,
8440  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8441);
8442
8443/*
8444** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8445** EXPERIMENTAL
8446**
8447** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8448** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8449** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8450**
8451** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8452** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8453*/
8454SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8455
8456/*
8457** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8458** EXPERIMENTAL
8459**
8460** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8461** of two valid snapshot handles.
8462**
8463** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8464** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8465**
8466** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8467** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8468** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8469** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8470** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8471** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8472** is undefined.
8473**
8474** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8475** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8476** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8477*/
8478SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8479  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8480  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8481);
8482
8483/*
8484** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8485** EXPERIMENTAL
8486**
8487** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8488** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8489** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
8490** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
8491** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
8492** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
8493** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
8494**
8495** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
8496** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
8497** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
8498** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
8499** database.
8500**
8501** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
8502*/
8503SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8504
8505/*
8506** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8507** builds on processors without floating point support.
8508*/
8509#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8510# undef double
8511#endif
8512
8513#ifdef __cplusplus
8514}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8515#endif
8516#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8517