xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision c5c07079)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return SQLITE_OK if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns SQLITE_OK but the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
385** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
386**
387** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
388** here in order to indicate success or failure.
389**
390** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
391**
392** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
393** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
394*/
395#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
396/* beginning-of-error-codes */
397#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
398#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
399#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
400#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
401#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
402#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
403#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
404#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
405#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
406#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
407#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
408#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
409#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
410#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
411#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
412#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
413#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
414#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
415#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
416#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
417#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
418#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
419#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
420#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
421#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
422#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
423#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
424#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
425/* end-of-error-codes */
426
427/*
428** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
429** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
430** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
431**
432** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
433** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
434** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
435** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
436** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
437** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
438** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
439** on a per database connection basis using the
440** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
441**
442** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
443** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
444** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
445** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
446**
447** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
448** be exactly zero.
449*/
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
473#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
475#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
479#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
480#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
481#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
482
483/*
484** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
485**
486** These bit values are intended for use in the
487** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
488** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
489*/
490#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
491#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
492#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
493#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
494#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
495#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
496#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
497#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
498#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
499#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
500#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
501#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
502#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
503#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
504#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
505#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
506#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
507#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
508#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
509#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
510
511/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
512
513/*
514** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
515**
516** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
517** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
518** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
519** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
520** refers to.
521**
522** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
523** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
524** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
525** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
526** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
527** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
528** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
529** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
530** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
531** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
532** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
533** file that were written at the application level might have changed
534** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
535** guaranteed to be unchanged.
536*/
537#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
538#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
539#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
540#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
541#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
542#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
543#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
544#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
545#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
546#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
547#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
548#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
549#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
550
551/*
552** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
553**
554** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
555** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
556** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
557*/
558#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
559#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
560#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
561#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
562#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
563
564/*
565** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
566**
567** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
568** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
569** these integer values as the second argument.
570**
571** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
572** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
573** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
574** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
575** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
576** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
577**
578** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
579** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
580** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
581** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
582** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
583** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
584** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
585** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
586** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
587** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
588** cares about the difference.)
589*/
590#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
591#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
592#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
593
594/*
595** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
596**
597** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
598** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
599** implementations will
600** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
601** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
602** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
603** I/O operations on the open file.
604*/
605typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
606struct sqlite3_file {
607  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
608};
609
610/*
611** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
612**
613** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
614** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
615** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
616** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
617** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
618**
619** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
620** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
621** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
622** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
623** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
624** to NULL.
625**
626** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
627** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
628** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
629** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
630** and not its inode needs to be synced.
631**
632** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
633** <ul>
634** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
635** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
636** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
637** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
638** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
639** </ul>
640** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
641** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
642** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
643** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
644** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
645**
646** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
647** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
648** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
649** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
650** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
651** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
652** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
653** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
654** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
655** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
656** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
657** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
658** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
659** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
660** recognize.
661**
662** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
663** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
664** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
665** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
666** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
667** underlying device:
668**
669** <ul>
670** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
671** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
672** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
673** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
674** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
675** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
676** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
677** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
678** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
679** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
680** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
681** </ul>
682**
683** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
684** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
685** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
686** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
687** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
688** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
689** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
690** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
691** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
692** to xWrite().
693**
694** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
695** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
696** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
697** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
698** database corruption.
699*/
700typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
701struct sqlite3_io_methods {
702  int iVersion;
703  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
704  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
705  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
706  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
707  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
708  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
709  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
710  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
711  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
712  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
713  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
714  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
715  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
716  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
717  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
718  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
719  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
720  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
721  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
722};
723
724/*
725** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
726**
727** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
728** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
729** interface.
730**
731** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
732** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
733** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
734** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
735** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
736** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
737** is defined.
738** <ul>
739** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
740** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
741** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
742** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
743** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
744** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
745** file run faster.
746**
747** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
748** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
749** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
750** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
751** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
752** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
753** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
754** improve performance on some systems.
755**
756** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
757** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
758** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
759** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
760** additional information.
761**
762** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
763** ^(The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED] opcode is generated internally by
764** SQLite and sent to all VFSes in place of a call to the xSync method
765** when the database connection has [PRAGMA synchronous] set to OFF.)^
766** Some specialized VFSes need this signal in order to operate correctly
767** when [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] is set, but most
768** VFSes do not need this signal and should silently ignore this opcode.
769** Applications should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this
770** opcode as doing so may disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes
771** that do require it.
772**
773** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
774** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
775** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
776** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
777** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
778** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
779** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
780** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
781** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
782** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
783** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
784** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
785** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
786** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
787** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
788** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
789**
790** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
791** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
792** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
793** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
794** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
795** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
796** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
797** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
798** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
799** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
800** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
801** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
802** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
803** WAL persistence setting.
804**
805** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
806** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
807** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
808** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
809** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
810** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
811** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
812** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
813** zero-damage mode setting.
814**
815** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
816** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
817** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
818** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
819** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
820**
821** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
822** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
823** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
824** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
825** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
826** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
827** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
828** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
829** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
830** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
831** is intended for diagnostic use only.
832**
833** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
834** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
835** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
836** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
837** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
838** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
839** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
840** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
841** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
842** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
843** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
844** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
845** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
846** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
847** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
848** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
849** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
850** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
851** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
852** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
853** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
854** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
855** </ul>
856**
857** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
858** ^This file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
859** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
860** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
861** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
862** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
863** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
864** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
865** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
866** current operation.
867*/
868#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
869#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
870#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
871#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
872#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
873#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
874#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
875#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
876#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
877#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
878#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
879#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
880#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
881#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
882#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
883
884/*
885** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
886**
887** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
888** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
889** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
890** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
891**
892** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
893*/
894typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
895
896/*
897** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
898**
899** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
900** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
901** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
902** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
903**
904** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
905** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
906** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
907** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
908** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
909** modified.
910**
911** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
912** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
913** a pathname in this VFS.
914**
915** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
916** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
917** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
918** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
919** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
920** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
921**
922** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
923** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
924** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
925** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
926** object once the object has been registered.
927**
928** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
929** be unique across all VFS modules.
930**
931** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
932** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
933** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
934** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
935** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
936** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
937** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
938** ^SQLite further guarantees that
939** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
940** called. Because of the previous sentence,
941** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
942** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
943** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
944** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
945** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
946** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
947**
948** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
949** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
950** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
951** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
952** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
953** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
954**
955** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
956** call, depending on the object being opened:
957**
958** <ul>
959** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
960** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
961** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
962** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
963** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
964** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
965** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
966** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
967** </ul>)^
968**
969** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
970** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
971** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
972** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
973** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
974** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
975** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
976** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
977**
978** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
979**
980** <ul>
981** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
982** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
983** </ul>
984**
985** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
986** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
987** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
988** databases, and subjournals.
989**
990** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
991** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
992** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
993** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
994** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
995** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
996** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
997** for exclusive access.
998**
999** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1000** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1001** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1002** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1003** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1004** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1005** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1006** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1007** or failure of the xOpen call.
1008**
1009** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1010** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1011** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1012** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1013** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1014** directory.
1015**
1016** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1017** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1018** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1019** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1020** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1021** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1022**
1023** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1024** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1025** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1026** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1027** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1028** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1029** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1030** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1031** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1032** a floating point value.
1033** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1034** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1035** a 24-hour day).
1036** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1037** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1038** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1039** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1040**
1041** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1042** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1043** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1044** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1045** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1046** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1047** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1048** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1049** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1050** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1051** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1052*/
1053typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1054typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1055struct sqlite3_vfs {
1056  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1057  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1058  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1059  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1060  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1061  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1062  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1063               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1064  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1065  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1066  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1067  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1068  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1069  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1070  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1071  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1072  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1073  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1074  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1075  /*
1076  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1077  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1078  */
1079  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1080  /*
1081  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1082  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1083  */
1084  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1085  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1086  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1087  /*
1088  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1089  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1090  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1091  */
1092};
1093
1094/*
1095** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1096**
1097** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1098** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1099** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1100** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1101** simply checks whether the file exists.
1102** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1103** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1104** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1105** the directory).
1106** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1107** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1108** release of SQLite.
1109** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1110** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1111** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1112** SQLite.
1113*/
1114#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1115#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1116#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1117
1118/*
1119** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1120**
1121** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1122** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1123** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1124** xShmLock method:
1125**
1126** <ul>
1127** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1128** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1129** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1130** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1131** </ul>
1132**
1133** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1134** was given no the corresponding lock.
1135**
1136** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1137** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1138** and EXCLUSIVE.
1139*/
1140#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1141#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1142#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1143#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1144
1145/*
1146** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1147**
1148** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1149** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1150** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1151** lock outside of this range
1152*/
1153#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1154
1155
1156/*
1157** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1158**
1159** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1160** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1161** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1162** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1163** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1164** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1165**
1166** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1167** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1168** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1169** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1170** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1171** are harmless no-ops.)^
1172**
1173** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1174** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1175** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1176** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1177**
1178** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1179** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1180** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1181** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1182** sqlite3_shutdown().
1183**
1184** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1185** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1186** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1187**
1188** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1189** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1190** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1191** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1192**
1193** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1194** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1195** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1196** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1197** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1198** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1199** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1200** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1201** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1202** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1203** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1204** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1205** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1206** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1207**
1208** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1209** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1210** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1211** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1212** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1213** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1214** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1215**
1216** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1217** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1218** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1219** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1220** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1221** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1222** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1223** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1224** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1225** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1226** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1227** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1228** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1229** failure.
1230*/
1231int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1232int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1233int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1234int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1235
1236/*
1237** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1238**
1239** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1240** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1241** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1242** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1243** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1244**
1245** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1246** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1247** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1248** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1249** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1250** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1251** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1252** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1253** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1254**
1255** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1256** [configuration option] that determines
1257** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1258** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1259** in the first argument.
1260**
1261** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1262** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1263** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1264*/
1265int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1266
1267/*
1268** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1269**
1270** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1271** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1272** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1273** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1274**
1275** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1276** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1277** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1278** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1279**
1280** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1281** the call is considered successful.
1282*/
1283int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1284
1285/*
1286** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1287**
1288** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1289** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1290**
1291** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1292** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1293** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1294** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1295** By creating an instance of this object
1296** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1297** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1298** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1299** dynamic memory needs.
1300**
1301** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1302** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1303** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1304** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1305** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1306** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1307** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1308** conditions.
1309**
1310** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1311** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1312** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1313** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1314**
1315** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1316** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1317** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1318**
1319** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1320** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1321** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1322** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1323** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1324** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1325** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1326**
1327** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1328** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1329** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1330** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1331** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1332** xInit and xShutdown.
1333**
1334** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1335** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1336** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1337** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1338** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1339** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1340** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1341** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1342** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1343** serialization.
1344**
1345** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1346** call to xShutdown().
1347*/
1348typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1349struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1350  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1351  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1352  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1353  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1354  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1355  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1356  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1357  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1358};
1359
1360/*
1361** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1362** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1363**
1364** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1365** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1366**
1367** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1368** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1369** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1370** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1371** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1372** is invoked.
1373**
1374** <dl>
1375** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1376** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1377** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1378** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1379** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1380** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1381** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1382** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1383** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1384** configuration option.</dd>
1385**
1386** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1387** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1388** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1389** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1390** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1391** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1392** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1393** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1394** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1395** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1396** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1397** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1398** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1399**
1400** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1401** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1402** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1403** all mutexes including the recursive
1404** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1405** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1406** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1407** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1408** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1409** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1410** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1411** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1412** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1413** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1414** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1415**
1416** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1417** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1418** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1419** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1420** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1421** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1422** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1423**
1424** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1425** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1426** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1427** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1428** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1429** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1430** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1431**
1432** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1433** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1434** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1435** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1436** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1437**   <ul>
1438**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1439**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1440**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1441**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1442**   </ul>)^
1443** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1444** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1445** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1446** </dd>
1447**
1448** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1449** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1450** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1451** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1452** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1453** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1454** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1455** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1456** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1457** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1458** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1459** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1460** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1461** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1462** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1463**
1464** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1465** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1466** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1467** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1468** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1469** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1470** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1471** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1472** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1473** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1474** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1475** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1476** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1477** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1478** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1479** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1480** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1481** The pointer in the first argument must
1482** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1483** will be undefined.</dd>
1484**
1485** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1486** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1487** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1488** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1489** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1490** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1491** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1492** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1493** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1494** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1495** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1496** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1497** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1498** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1499** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1500** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1501**
1502** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1503** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1504** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1505** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1506** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1507** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1508** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1509** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1510** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1511** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1512** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1513**
1514** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1515** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1516** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1517** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1518** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1519** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1520** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1521** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1522** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1523** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1524** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1525** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1526**
1527** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1528** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1529** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1530** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1531** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1532** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1533** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1534** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1535** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1536**
1537** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1538** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1539** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1540** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1541** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1542**
1543** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1544** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1545** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1546** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1547**
1548** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1549** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1550** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1551** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1552** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1553** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1554** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1555** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1556** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1557** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1558** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1559** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1560** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1561** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1562** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1563** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1564** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1565**
1566** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1567** <dd> This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1568** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1569** is globally disabled. If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1570** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1571** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1572** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1573** connection is opened. If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1574** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1575** database connection is opened. By default, URI handling is globally
1576** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1577** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.
1578**
1579** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1580** <dd> This option taks a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1581** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1582** full table scans in the query optimizer.  The default setting is determined
1583** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1584** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1585** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1586** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1587** malfunction when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1588** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1589** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1590**
1591** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1592** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1593** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1594** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1595** </dl>
1596**
1597** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1598** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1599** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1600** SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1601** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1602** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1603** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1604** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1605** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1606** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1607** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1608** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1609** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1610** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.
1611** </dl>
1612*/
1613#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1614#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1615#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1616#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1617#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1618#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1619#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1620#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1621#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1622#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1623#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1624/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1625#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1626#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1627#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1628#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1629#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1630#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1631#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1632#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1633#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1634
1635/*
1636** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1637**
1638** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1639** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1640**
1641** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1642** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1643** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1644** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1645** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1646** is invoked.
1647**
1648** <dl>
1649** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1650** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1651** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1652** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1653** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1654** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1655** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1656** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1657** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1658** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1659** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1660** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1661** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1662** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1663** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1664** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1665** when the "current value" returned by
1666** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1667** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1668** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1669** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1670**
1671** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1672** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1673** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1674** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1675** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1676** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1677** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1678** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1679** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1680**
1681** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1682** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1683** There should be two additional arguments.
1684** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1685** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1686** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1687** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1688** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1689** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1690**
1691** </dl>
1692*/
1693#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1694#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1695#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1696
1697
1698/*
1699** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1700**
1701** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1702** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1703** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1704*/
1705int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1706
1707/*
1708** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1709**
1710** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1711** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1712** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1713** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1714** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1715** is another alias for the rowid.
1716**
1717** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1718** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1719** in the first argument.  ^As of SQLite version 3.7.7, this routines
1720** records the last insert rowid of both ordinary tables and [virtual tables].
1721** ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1722** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1723**
1724** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1725** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1726** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1727** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1728** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1729** table method began.)^
1730**
1731** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1732** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1733** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1734** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1735** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1736** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1737** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1738** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1739** the return value of this interface.)^
1740**
1741** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1742** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1743**
1744** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1745** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1746**
1747** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1748** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1749** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1750** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1751** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1752** last insert [rowid].
1753*/
1754sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1755
1756/*
1757** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1758**
1759** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1760** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1761** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1762** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1763** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1764** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1765** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1766** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1767**
1768** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1769** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1770**
1771** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1772** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1773** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1774** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1775** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1776**
1777** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1778** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1779** Most SQL statements are
1780** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1781** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1782** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1783** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1784**
1785** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1786** not create a new trigger context.
1787**
1788** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1789** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1790** trigger context.
1791**
1792** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1793** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1794** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1795** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1796** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1797** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1798** However, the number returned does not include changes
1799** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1800**
1801** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1802** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1803**
1804** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1805** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1806** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1807*/
1808int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1809
1810/*
1811** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1812**
1813** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1814** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1815** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1816** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1817** [foreign key actions]. However,
1818** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1819** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1820** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1821** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1822** are counted.)^
1823** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1824** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1825** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1826**
1827** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1828** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1829**
1830** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1831** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1832** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1833*/
1834int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1835
1836/*
1837** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1838**
1839** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1840** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1841** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1842** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1843** immediately.
1844**
1845** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1846** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1847** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1848** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1849**
1850** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1851** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1852** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1853**
1854** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1855** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1856** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1857** will be rolled back automatically.
1858**
1859** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1860** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1861** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1862** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1863** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1864** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1865** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1866** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1867** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1868** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1869**
1870** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1871** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1872*/
1873void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1874
1875/*
1876** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1877**
1878** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1879** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1880** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1881** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1882** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1883** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1884** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1885** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1886** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1887** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1888** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1889**
1890** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1891** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1892**
1893** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1894** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1895**
1896** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1897** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1898** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1899** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1900** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1901**
1902** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1903** UTF-8 string.
1904**
1905** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1906** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1907*/
1908int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1909int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1910
1911/*
1912** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1913**
1914** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1915** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1916** or process has locked.
1917**
1918** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1919** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1920** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1921**
1922** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1923** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1924** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1925** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1926** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1927** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1928** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1929** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1930**
1931** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1932** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1933** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1934** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1935** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1936** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1937** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1938** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1939** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1940** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1941** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1942** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1943** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1944** the second process to proceed.
1945**
1946** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1947**
1948** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1949** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1950** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1951** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1952** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1953** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1954** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1955** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1956** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1957** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1958** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1959** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1960** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1961** this is important.
1962**
1963** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1964** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1965** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1966** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1967**
1968** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1969** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1970** result in undefined behavior.
1971**
1972** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1973** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1974*/
1975int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1976
1977/*
1978** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1979**
1980** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1981** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1982** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1983** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1984** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1985** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1986**
1987** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1988** turns off all busy handlers.
1989**
1990** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1991** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1992** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1993** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1994*/
1995int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1996
1997/*
1998** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1999**
2000** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2001** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2002**
2003** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2004** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2005** complete query results from one or more queries.
2006**
2007** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2008** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2009** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2010** and M be the number of columns.
2011**
2012** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2013** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2014** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2015** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2016** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2017** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2018**
2019** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2020** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2021** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2022**
2023** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2024** is as follows:
2025**
2026** <blockquote><pre>
2027**        Name        | Age
2028**        -----------------------
2029**        Alice       | 43
2030**        Bob         | 28
2031**        Cindy       | 21
2032** </pre></blockquote>
2033**
2034** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2035** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2036** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2037**
2038** <blockquote><pre>
2039**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2040**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2041**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2042**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2043**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2044**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2045**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2046**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2047** </pre></blockquote>)^
2048**
2049** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2050** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2051** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2052** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2053**
2054** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2055** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2056** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2057** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2058** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2059** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2060**
2061** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2062** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2063** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2064** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2065** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2066** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2067** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2068*/
2069int sqlite3_get_table(
2070  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2071  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2072  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2073  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2074  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2075  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2076);
2077void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2078
2079/*
2080** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2081**
2082** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2083** from the standard C library.
2084**
2085** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2086** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2087** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2088** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2089** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2090** memory to hold the resulting string.
2091**
2092** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2093** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2094** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2095** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2096** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2097** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2098** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2099** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2100** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2101** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2102** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2103** now without breaking compatibility.
2104**
2105** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2106** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2107** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2108** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2109** written will be n-1 characters.
2110**
2111** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2112**
2113** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2114** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2115** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2116** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2117**
2118** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2119** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2120** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2121** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2122** the string.
2123**
2124** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2125**
2126** <blockquote><pre>
2127**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2128** </pre></blockquote>
2129**
2130** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2131**
2132** <blockquote><pre>
2133**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2134**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2135**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2136** </pre></blockquote>
2137**
2138** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2139** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2140**
2141** <blockquote><pre>
2142**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2143** </pre></blockquote>
2144**
2145** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2146** would have looked like this:
2147**
2148** <blockquote><pre>
2149**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2150** </pre></blockquote>
2151**
2152** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2153** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2154**
2155** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2156** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2157** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2158** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2159**
2160** <blockquote><pre>
2161**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2162**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2163**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2164** </pre></blockquote>
2165**
2166** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2167** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2168**
2169** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2170** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2171** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2172*/
2173char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2174char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2175char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2176char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2177
2178/*
2179** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2180**
2181** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2182** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2183** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2184** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2185**
2186** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2187** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2188** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2189** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2190** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2191** a NULL pointer.
2192**
2193** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2194** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2195** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2196** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2197** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2198** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2199** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2200** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2201** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2202** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2203**
2204** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2205** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2206** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2207** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2208** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2209** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2210** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2211** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2212** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2213** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2214** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2215** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2216** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2217** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2218** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2219** is not freed.
2220**
2221** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2222** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2223** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2224** option is used.
2225**
2226** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2227** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2228** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2229** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2230**
2231** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2232** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2233** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2234** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2235** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2236** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2237** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2238**
2239** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2240** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2241** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2242** not yet been released.
2243**
2244** The application must not read or write any part of
2245** a block of memory after it has been released using
2246** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2247*/
2248void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2249void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2250void sqlite3_free(void*);
2251
2252/*
2253** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2254**
2255** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2256** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2257** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2258**
2259** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2260** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2261** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2262** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2263** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2264** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2265** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2266** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2267** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2268**
2269** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2270** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2271** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2272** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2273** prior to the reset.
2274*/
2275sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2276sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2277
2278/*
2279** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2280**
2281** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2282** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2283** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2284** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2285** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2286**
2287** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2288**
2289** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2290** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2291** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2292** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2293** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2294** method.
2295*/
2296void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2297
2298/*
2299** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2300**
2301** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2302** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2303** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2304** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2305** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2306** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2307** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2308** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2309** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2310** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2311** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2312** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2313** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2314** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2315** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2316**
2317** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2318** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2319** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2320** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2321** access is denied.
2322**
2323** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2324** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2325** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2326** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2327** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2328** details about the action to be authorized.
2329**
2330** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2331** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2332** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2333** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2334** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2335** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2336** columns of a table.
2337** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2338** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2339** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2340**
2341** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2342** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2343** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2344** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2345** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2346** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2347** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2348** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2349** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2350** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2351**
2352** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2353** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2354** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2355** in addition to using an authorizer.
2356**
2357** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2358** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2359** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2360** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2361**
2362** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2363** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2364** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2365** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2366**
2367** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2368** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2369** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2370** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2371**
2372** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2373** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2374** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2375** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2376** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2377*/
2378int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2379  sqlite3*,
2380  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2381  void *pUserData
2382);
2383
2384/*
2385** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2386**
2387** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2388** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2389** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2390** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2391** information.
2392**
2393** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2394** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2395*/
2396#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2397#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2398
2399/*
2400** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2401**
2402** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2403** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2404** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2405** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2406** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2407**
2408** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2409** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2410** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2411** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2412** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2413** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2414** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2415** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2416** top-level SQL code.
2417*/
2418/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2419#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2420#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2421#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2422#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2423#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2424#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2425#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2426#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2427#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2428#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2429#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2430#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2431#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2432#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2433#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2434#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2435#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2436#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2437#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2438#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2439#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2440#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2441#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2442#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2443#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2444#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2445#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2446#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2447#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2448#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2449#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2450#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2451#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2452
2453/*
2454** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2455**
2456** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2457** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2458**
2459** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2460** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2461** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2462** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2463** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2464** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2465** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2466**
2467** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2468** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2469** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2470** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2471** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2472** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2473** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2474** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2475** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2476** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2477*/
2478void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2479SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2480   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2481
2482/*
2483** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2484**
2485** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2486** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2487** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2488** database connection D.  An example use for this
2489** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2490**
2491** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2492** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2493** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2494** invocations of the callback X.
2495**
2496** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2497** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2498** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2499** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2500** than 1.
2501**
2502** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2503** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2504** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2505**
2506** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2507** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2508** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2509** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2510**
2511*/
2512void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2513
2514/*
2515** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2516**
2517** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2518** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2519** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2520** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2521** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2522** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2523** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2524** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2525** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2526** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2527** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2528** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2529**
2530** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2531** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2532** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2533**
2534** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2535** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2536** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2537**
2538** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2539** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2540** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2541** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2542** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2543** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2544** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2545**
2546** <dl>
2547** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2548** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2549** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2550**
2551** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2552** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2553** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2554** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2555**
2556** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2557** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2558** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2559** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2560** </dl>
2561**
2562** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2563** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2564** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2565** then the behavior is undefined.
2566**
2567** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2568** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2569** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2570** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2571** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2572** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2573** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2574** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2575** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2576** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2577** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2578**
2579** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2580** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2581** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2582** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2583**
2584** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2585** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2586** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2587** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2588** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2589** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2590** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2591**
2592** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2593** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2594** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2595**
2596** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2597**
2598** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2599** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2600** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2601** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2602** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2603** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2604** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2605** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2606** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2607** information.
2608**
2609** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2610** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2611** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2612** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2613** present, is ignored.
2614**
2615** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2616** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2617** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2618** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2619** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2620** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2621** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2622**
2623** [[core URI query parameters]]
2624** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2625** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2626** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2627**
2628** <ul>
2629**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2630**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2631**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2632**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2633**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2634**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2635**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2636**
2637**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2638**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2639**     an error)^.
2640**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2641**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2642**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2643**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2644**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2645**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2646**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2647**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2648**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2649**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2650**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2651**
2652**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2653**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2654**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2655**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2656**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2657**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2658**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behaviour requested by setting
2659**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2660** </ul>
2661**
2662** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2663** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2664** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2665** additional information.
2666**
2667** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2668**
2669** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2670** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2671** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2672**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2673** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2674**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2675**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2676**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2677** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2678**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2679** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2680**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2681**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2682**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2683**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2684**          in URI filenames.
2685** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2686**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2687**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2688**          default, use a private cache.
2689** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2690**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2691** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2692**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2693** </table>
2694**
2695** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2696** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2697** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2698** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2699** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2700** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2701** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2702** the results are undefined.
2703**
2704** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2705** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2706** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2707** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2708** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2709**
2710** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2711** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2712** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2713**
2714** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2715*/
2716int sqlite3_open(
2717  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2718  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2719);
2720int sqlite3_open16(
2721  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2722  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2723);
2724int sqlite3_open_v2(
2725  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2726  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2727  int flags,              /* Flags */
2728  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2729);
2730
2731/*
2732** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2733**
2734** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2735** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2736** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2737**
2738** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2739** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2740** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2741** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2742** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2743** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2744** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2745** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2746** a pointer to an empty string.
2747**
2748** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2749** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2750** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2751** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2752** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2753** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2754** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2755** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2756** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2757** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2758**
2759** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2760** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2761** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2762** zero is returned.
2763**
2764** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2765** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2766** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2767** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2768** undesirable.
2769*/
2770const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2771int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2772sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2773
2774
2775/*
2776** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2777**
2778** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2779** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2780** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2781** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2782** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2783** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2784** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2785** disabled.
2786**
2787** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2788** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2789** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2790** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2791** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2792** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2793**
2794** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2795** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2796** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2797** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2798**
2799** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2800** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2801** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2802** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2803** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2804** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2805** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2806** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2807** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2808**
2809** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2810** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2811** error code and message may or may not be set.
2812*/
2813int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2814int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2815const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2816const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2817const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2818
2819/*
2820** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2821** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2822**
2823** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2824** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2825** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2826**
2827** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2828**
2829** <ol>
2830** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2831**      function.
2832** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2833**      interfaces.
2834** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2835** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2836**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2837** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2838** </ol>
2839**
2840** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2841** information.
2842*/
2843typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2844
2845/*
2846** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2847**
2848** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2849** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2850** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2851** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2852** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2853** new limit for that construct.)^
2854**
2855** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2856** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2857** [limits | hard upper bound]
2858** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2859** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2860** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2861** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2862** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2863**
2864** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2865** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2866** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2867** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2868**
2869** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2870** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2871** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2872** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2873** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2874** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2875** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2876** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2877** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2878** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2879** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2880** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2881**
2882** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2883*/
2884int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2885
2886/*
2887** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2888** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2889**
2890** These constants define various performance limits
2891** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2892** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2893** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2894**
2895** <dl>
2896** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2897** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2898**
2899** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2900** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2901**
2902** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2903** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2904** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2905** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2906**
2907** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2908** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2909**
2910** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2911** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2912**
2913** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2914** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2915** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2916** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2917** SQLite.</dd>)^
2918**
2919** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2920** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2921**
2922** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2923** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2924**
2925** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
2926** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2927** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2928** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2929**
2930** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
2931** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2932** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2933**
2934** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2935** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2936** </dl>
2937*/
2938#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2939#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2940#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2941#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2942#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2943#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2944#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2945#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2946#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2947#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2948#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2949
2950/*
2951** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2952** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2953**
2954** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2955** program using one of these routines.
2956**
2957** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2958** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2959** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2960**
2961** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2962** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2963** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2964** use UTF-16.
2965**
2966** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2967** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2968** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2969** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2970** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2971** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2972** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2973** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2974** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
2975** make a copy of the input string.
2976**
2977** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2978** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2979** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2980** what remains uncompiled.
2981**
2982** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2983** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2984** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2985** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2986** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2987** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2988** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2989**
2990** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2991** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2992**
2993** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2994** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2995** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2996** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2997** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2998** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2999** behave differently in three ways:
3000**
3001** <ol>
3002** <li>
3003** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3004** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3005** statement and try to run it again.
3006** </li>
3007**
3008** <li>
3009** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3010** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3011** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3012** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3013** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3014** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3015** </li>
3016**
3017** <li>
3018** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3019** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3020** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3021** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3022** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3023** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3024** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3025** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3026** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3027** the
3028** </li>
3029** </ol>
3030*/
3031int sqlite3_prepare(
3032  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3033  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3034  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3035  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3036  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3037);
3038int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3039  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3040  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3041  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3042  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3043  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3044);
3045int sqlite3_prepare16(
3046  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3047  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3048  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3049  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3050  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3051);
3052int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3053  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3054  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3055  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3056  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3057  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3058);
3059
3060/*
3061** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3062**
3063** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3064** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3065** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3066*/
3067const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3068
3069/*
3070** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3071**
3072** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3073** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3074** the content of the database file.
3075**
3076** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3077** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3078** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3079** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3080** change the database file through side-effects:
3081**
3082** <blockquote><pre>
3083**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3084** </pre></blockquote>
3085**
3086** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3087** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3088**
3089** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3090** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3091** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3092** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3093** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3094** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3095** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3096** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3097*/
3098int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3099
3100/*
3101** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3102**
3103** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3104** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3105** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3106** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3107** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3108** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3109** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3110**
3111** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3112** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3113** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3114** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3115** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3116*/
3117int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3118
3119/*
3120** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3121** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3122**
3123** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3124** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3125** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3126** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3127**
3128** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3129** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3130** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3131** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3132** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3133**
3134** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3135** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3136** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3137** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3138** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3139** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3140** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3141** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3142** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3143** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3144** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3145** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3146**
3147** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3148** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3149** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3150** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3151** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3152** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3153** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3154** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3155*/
3156typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3157
3158/*
3159** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3160**
3161** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3162** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3163** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3164** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3165** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3166** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3167** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3168** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3169*/
3170typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3171
3172/*
3173** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3174** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3175** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3176**
3177** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3178** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3179** templates:
3180**
3181** <ul>
3182** <li>  ?
3183** <li>  ?NNN
3184** <li>  :VVV
3185** <li>  @VVV
3186** <li>  $VVV
3187** </ul>
3188**
3189** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3190** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3191** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3192** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3193**
3194** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3195** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3196** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3197**
3198** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3199** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3200** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3201** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3202** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3203** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3204** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3205** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3206** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3207**
3208** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3209**
3210** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3211** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3212** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3213** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3214** is negative, then the length of the string is
3215** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3216** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3217** the behavior is undefined.
3218** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3219** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3220** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3221** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3222** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3223** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3224** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3225**
3226** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3227** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3228** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3229** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3230** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3231** ^If the fifth argument is
3232** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3233** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3234** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3235** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3236** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3237**
3238** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3239** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3240** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3241** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3242** content is later written using
3243** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3244** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3245**
3246** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3247** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3248** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3249** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3250** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3251** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3252**
3253** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3254** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3255**
3256** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3257** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3258** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3259** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3260**
3261** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3262** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3263*/
3264int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3265int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3266int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3267int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3268int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3269int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3270int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3271int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3272int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3273
3274/*
3275** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3276**
3277** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3278** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3279** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3280** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3281** to the parameters at a later time.
3282**
3283** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3284** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3285** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3286** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3287**
3288** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3289** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3290** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3291*/
3292int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3293
3294/*
3295** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3296**
3297** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3298** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3299** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3300** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3301** respectively.
3302** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3303** is included as part of the name.)^
3304** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3305** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3306**
3307** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3308**
3309** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3310** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3311** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3312** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3313** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3314**
3315** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3316** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3317** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3318*/
3319const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3320
3321/*
3322** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3323**
3324** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3325** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3326** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3327** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3328** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3329** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3330**
3331** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3332** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3333** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3334*/
3335int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3336
3337/*
3338** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3339**
3340** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3341** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3342** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3343*/
3344int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3345
3346/*
3347** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3348**
3349** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3350** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3351** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3352**
3353** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3354*/
3355int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3356
3357/*
3358** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3359**
3360** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3361** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3362** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3363** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3364** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3365** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3366** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3367**
3368** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3369** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3370** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3371** or until the next call to
3372** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3373**
3374** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3375** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3376** NULL pointer is returned.
3377**
3378** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3379** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3380** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3381** one release of SQLite to the next.
3382*/
3383const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3384const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3385
3386/*
3387** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3388**
3389** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3390** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3391** [SELECT] statement.
3392** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3393** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3394** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3395** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3396** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3397** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3398** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3399** or until the same information is requested
3400** again in a different encoding.
3401**
3402** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3403** database, table, and column.
3404**
3405** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3406** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3407** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3408** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3409**
3410** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3411** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3412** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3413** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3414** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3415**
3416** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3417** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3418**
3419** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3420** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3421**
3422** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3423** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3424** undefined.
3425**
3426** If two or more threads call one or more
3427** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3428** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3429** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3430*/
3431const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3432const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3433const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3434const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3435const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3436const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3437
3438/*
3439** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3440**
3441** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3442** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3443** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3444** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3445** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3446** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3447** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3448**
3449** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3450**
3451** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3452**
3453** and the following statement to be compiled:
3454**
3455** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3456**
3457** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3458** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3459**
3460** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3461** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3462** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3463** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3464** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3465** used to hold those values.
3466*/
3467const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3468const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3469
3470/*
3471** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3472**
3473** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3474** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3475** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3476** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3477**
3478** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3479** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3480** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3481** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3482** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3483** interface will continue to be supported.
3484**
3485** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3486** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3487** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3488** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3489**
3490** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3491** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3492** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3493** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3494** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3495** continuing.
3496**
3497** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3498** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3499** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3500** machine back to its initial state.
3501**
3502** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3503** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3504** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3505** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3506**
3507** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3508** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3509** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3510** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3511** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3512** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3513** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3514** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3515**
3516** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3517** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3518** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3519** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3520** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3521** more threads at the same moment in time.
3522**
3523** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3524** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3525** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3526** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3527** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3528** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3529** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3530** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3531** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3532** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3533** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3534**
3535** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3536** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3537** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3538** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3539** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3540** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3541** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3542** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3543** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3544** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3545** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3546*/
3547int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3548
3549/*
3550** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3551**
3552** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3553** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3554** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3555** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3556** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3557** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3558** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3559** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3560** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3561** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3562** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3563** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3564**
3565** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3566*/
3567int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3568
3569/*
3570** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3571** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3572**
3573** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3574**
3575** <ul>
3576** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3577** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3578** <li> string
3579** <li> BLOB
3580** <li> NULL
3581** </ul>)^
3582**
3583** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3584**
3585** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3586** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3587** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3588** SQLITE_TEXT.
3589*/
3590#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3591#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3592#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3593#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3594#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3595# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3596#else
3597# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3598#endif
3599#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3600
3601/*
3602** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3603** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3604**
3605** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3606**
3607** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3608** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3609** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3610** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3611** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3612** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3613** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3614** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3615**
3616** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3617** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3618** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3619** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3620** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3621** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3622** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3623** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3624** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3625** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3626** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3627**
3628** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3629** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3630** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3631** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3632** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3633** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3634** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3635** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3636** following a type conversion.
3637**
3638** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3639** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3640** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3641** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3642** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3643** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3644** the number of bytes in that string.
3645** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3646**
3647** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3648** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3649** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3650** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3651** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3652** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3653** the number of bytes in that string.
3654** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3655**
3656** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3657** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3658** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3659** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3660** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3661**
3662** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3663** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3664** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3665**
3666** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3667** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3668** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3669** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3670** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3671** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3672** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3673**
3674** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3675** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3676** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3677** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3678** that are applied:
3679**
3680** <blockquote>
3681** <table border="1">
3682** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3683**
3684** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3685** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3686** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3687** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3688** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3689** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3690** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3691** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3692** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3693** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3694** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3695** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3696** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3697** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3698** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3699** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3700** </table>
3701** </blockquote>)^
3702**
3703** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3704** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3705** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3706** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3707** C programmers.
3708**
3709** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3710** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3711** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3712** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3713** in the following cases:
3714**
3715** <ul>
3716** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3717**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3718**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3719** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3720**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3721**      to UTF-16.</li>
3722** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3723**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3724**      to UTF-8.</li>
3725** </ul>
3726**
3727** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3728** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3729** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3730** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3731** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3732**
3733** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3734** in one of the following ways:
3735**
3736** <ul>
3737**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3738**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3739**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3740** </ul>
3741**
3742** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3743** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3744** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3745** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3746** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3747** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3748** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3749**
3750** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3751** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3752** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3753** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3754** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3755** [sqlite3_free()].
3756**
3757** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3758** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3759** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3760** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3761** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3762*/
3763const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3764int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3765int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3766double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3767int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3768sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3769const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3770const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3771int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3772sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3773
3774/*
3775** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3776**
3777** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3778** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3779** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3780** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3781** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3782** [extended error code].
3783**
3784** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3785** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3786** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3787** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3788** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3789** completed execution.
3790**
3791** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3792**
3793** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3794** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3795** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3796** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3797** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3798*/
3799int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3800
3801/*
3802** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3803**
3804** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3805** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3806** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3807** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3808** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3809**
3810** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3811** back to the beginning of its program.
3812**
3813** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3814** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3815** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3816** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3817**
3818** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3819** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3820** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3821**
3822** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3823** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3824*/
3825int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3826
3827/*
3828** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3829** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3830** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3831** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3832**
3833** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3834** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3835** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3836** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3837** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3838** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3839** the application data pointer.
3840**
3841** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3842** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3843** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3844** to each database connection separately.
3845**
3846** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3847** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3848** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3849** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3850** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3851** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3852**
3853** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3854** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3855** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3856** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3857** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3858** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3859** undefined.
3860**
3861** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3862** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3863** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3864** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3865** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3866** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3867** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3868** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3869** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3870** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3871** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3872**
3873** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3874** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3875**
3876** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3877** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3878** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3879** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3880** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3881** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3882** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
3883** callbacks.
3884**
3885** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3886** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
3887** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3888** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
3889** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
3890** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
3891** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3892** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
3893** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3894**
3895** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3896** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3897** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3898** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3899** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3900** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3901** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3902** matches the database encoding is a better
3903** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3904** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3905** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3906** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3907**
3908** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3909**
3910** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3911** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3912** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3913** statement in which the function is running.
3914*/
3915int sqlite3_create_function(
3916  sqlite3 *db,
3917  const char *zFunctionName,
3918  int nArg,
3919  int eTextRep,
3920  void *pApp,
3921  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3922  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3923  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3924);
3925int sqlite3_create_function16(
3926  sqlite3 *db,
3927  const void *zFunctionName,
3928  int nArg,
3929  int eTextRep,
3930  void *pApp,
3931  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3932  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3933  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3934);
3935int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3936  sqlite3 *db,
3937  const char *zFunctionName,
3938  int nArg,
3939  int eTextRep,
3940  void *pApp,
3941  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3942  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3943  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3944  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3945);
3946
3947/*
3948** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3949**
3950** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3951** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3952*/
3953#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3954#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3955#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3956#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3957#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3958#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3959
3960/*
3961** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3962** DEPRECATED
3963**
3964** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3965** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3966** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3967** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3968** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3969*/
3970#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3971SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3972SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3973SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3974SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3975SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3976SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3977#endif
3978
3979/*
3980** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3981**
3982** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3983** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3984** the function or aggregate.
3985**
3986** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3987** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3988** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3989** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3990** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3991** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3992** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3993**
3994** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3995** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3996** object results in undefined behavior.
3997**
3998** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3999** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4000** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4001**
4002** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4003** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4004** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4005** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4006**
4007** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4008** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4009** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4010** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4011** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4012** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4013** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4014**
4015** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4016** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4017** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4018** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4019** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4020**
4021** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4022** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4023*/
4024const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4025int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4026int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4027double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4028int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4029sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4030const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4031const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4032const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4033const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4034int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4035int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4036
4037/*
4038** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4039**
4040** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4041** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4042**
4043** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4044** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4045** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4046** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4047** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4048** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4049** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4050** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4051** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4052** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4053** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4054** first time from within xFinal().)^
4055**
4056** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
4057** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
4058**
4059** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4060** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4061** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4062** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4063** allocation.)^
4064**
4065** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4066** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4067**
4068** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4069** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4070** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4071** function.
4072**
4073** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4074** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4075*/
4076void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4077
4078/*
4079** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4080**
4081** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4082** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4083** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4084** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4085** registered the application defined function.
4086**
4087** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4088** the application-defined function is running.
4089*/
4090void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4091
4092/*
4093** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4094**
4095** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4096** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4097** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4098** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4099** registered the application defined function.
4100*/
4101sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4102
4103/*
4104** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4105**
4106** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
4107** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4108** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4109** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
4110** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
4111** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
4112** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
4113** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4114** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
4115** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
4116**
4117** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4118** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4119** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
4120** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
4121** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
4122** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
4123**
4124** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
4125** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
4126** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
4127** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
4128** not been destroyed.
4129** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
4130** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
4131** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
4132** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
4133**
4134** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
4135** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
4136** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
4137**
4138** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4139** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
4140** values and [parameters].)^
4141**
4142** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4143** the SQL function is running.
4144*/
4145void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4146void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4147
4148
4149/*
4150** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4151**
4152** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4153** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4154** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4155** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4156** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4157** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4158** the content before returning.
4159**
4160** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4161** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
4162*/
4163typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4164#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4165#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4166
4167/*
4168** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4169**
4170** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4171** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4172** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4173** for additional information.
4174**
4175** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4176** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4177** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4178**
4179** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4180** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4181** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4182** third parameter.
4183**
4184** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4185** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4186** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4187**
4188** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4189** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4190** by its 2nd argument.
4191**
4192** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4193** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4194** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4195** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4196** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4197** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4198** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4199** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4200** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4201** message all text up through the first zero character.
4202** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4203** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4204** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4205** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4206** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4207** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4208** modify the text after they return without harm.
4209** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4210** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4211** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4212** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4213**
4214** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4215** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4216**
4217** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4218** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4219**
4220** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4221** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4222** value given in the 2nd argument.
4223** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4224** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4225** value given in the 2nd argument.
4226**
4227** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4228** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4229**
4230** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4231** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4232** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4233** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4234** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4235** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4236** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4237** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4238** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4239** through the first zero character.
4240** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4241** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4242** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4243** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4244** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4245** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4246** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4247** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4248** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4249** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4250** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4251** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4252** finished using that result.
4253** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4254** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4255** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4256** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4257** when it has finished using that result.
4258** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4259** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4260** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4261** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4262**
4263** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4264** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4265** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4266** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4267** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4268** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4269** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4270** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4271** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4272**
4273** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4274** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4275** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4276*/
4277void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4278void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4279void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4280void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4281void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4282void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4283void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4284void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4285void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4286void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4287void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4288void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4289void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4290void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4291void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4292void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4293
4294/*
4295** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4296**
4297** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4298** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4299**
4300** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4301** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4302** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4303** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4304** considered to be the same name.
4305**
4306** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4307** <ul>
4308** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4309** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4310** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4311** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4312** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4313** </ul>)^
4314** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4315** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4316** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4317** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4318** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4319** on an even byte address.
4320**
4321** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4322** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4323**
4324** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4325** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4326** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4327** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4328** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4329** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4330** that collation is no longer usable.
4331**
4332** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4333** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4334** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4335** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4336** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4337** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4338** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4339** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4340** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4341** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4342** strings A, B, and C:
4343**
4344** <ol>
4345** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4346** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4347** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4348** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4349** </ol>
4350**
4351** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4352** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4353** is undefined.
4354**
4355** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4356** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4357** the collating function is deleted.
4358** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4359** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4360** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4361**
4362** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4363** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4364** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4365** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4366** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4367** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4368** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4369** compatibility.
4370**
4371** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4372*/
4373int sqlite3_create_collation(
4374  sqlite3*,
4375  const char *zName,
4376  int eTextRep,
4377  void *pArg,
4378  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4379);
4380int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4381  sqlite3*,
4382  const char *zName,
4383  int eTextRep,
4384  void *pArg,
4385  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4386  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4387);
4388int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4389  sqlite3*,
4390  const void *zName,
4391  int eTextRep,
4392  void *pArg,
4393  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4394);
4395
4396/*
4397** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4398**
4399** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4400** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4401** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4402** sequence is required.
4403**
4404** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4405** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4406** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4407** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4408** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4409**
4410** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4411** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4412** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4413** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4414** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4415** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4416** required collation sequence.)^
4417**
4418** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4419** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4420** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4421*/
4422int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4423  sqlite3*,
4424  void*,
4425  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4426);
4427int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4428  sqlite3*,
4429  void*,
4430  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4431);
4432
4433#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4434/*
4435** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4436** called right after sqlite3_open().
4437**
4438** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4439** of SQLite.
4440*/
4441int sqlite3_key(
4442  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4443  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4444);
4445
4446/*
4447** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4448** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4449** database is decrypted.
4450**
4451** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4452** of SQLite.
4453*/
4454int sqlite3_rekey(
4455  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4456  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4457);
4458
4459/*
4460** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4461** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4462*/
4463void sqlite3_activate_see(
4464  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4465);
4466#endif
4467
4468#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4469/*
4470** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4471** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4472*/
4473void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4474  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4475);
4476#endif
4477
4478/*
4479** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4480**
4481** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4482** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4483**
4484** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4485** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4486** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4487** requested from the operating system is returned.
4488**
4489** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4490** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4491** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4492** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4493** in the previous paragraphs.
4494*/
4495int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4496
4497/*
4498** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4499**
4500** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4501** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4502** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4503** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4504** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4505** temporary file directory.
4506**
4507** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4508** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4509** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4510** thread.
4511** It is intended that this variable be set once
4512** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4513** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4514** thereafter.
4515**
4516** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4517** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4518** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4519** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4520** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4521** using [sqlite3_free].
4522** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4523** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4524** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4525**
4526** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4527** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4528** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4529** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4530**
4531** <blockquote><pre>
4532** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4533** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4534** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4535** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4536** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4537** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4538** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4539** </pre></blockquote>
4540*/
4541SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4542
4543/*
4544** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4545**
4546** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4547** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4548** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4549** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4550** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4551** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4552** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4553** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4554** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4555**
4556** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4557** open can result in a corrupt database.
4558**
4559** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4560** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4561** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4562** thread.
4563** It is intended that this variable be set once
4564** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4565** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4566** thereafter.
4567**
4568** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4569** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4570** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4571** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4572** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4573** using [sqlite3_free].
4574** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4575** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4576** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4577*/
4578SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4579
4580/*
4581** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4582** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4583**
4584** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4585** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4586** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4587** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4588** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4589**
4590** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4591** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4592** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4593** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4594** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4595** an error is to use this function.
4596**
4597** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4598** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4599** is undefined.
4600*/
4601int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4602
4603/*
4604** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4605**
4606** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4607** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4608** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4609** that was the first argument
4610** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4611** create the statement in the first place.
4612*/
4613sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4614
4615/*
4616** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4617**
4618** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4619** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4620** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4621** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4622** a NULL pointer is returned.
4623**
4624** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4625** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4626** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4627** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4628*/
4629const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4630
4631/*
4632** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4633**
4634** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4635** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4636** the name of a database on connection D.
4637*/
4638int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4639
4640/*
4641** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4642**
4643** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4644** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4645** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4646** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4647** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4648**
4649** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4650** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4651** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4652*/
4653sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4654
4655/*
4656** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4657**
4658** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4659** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4660** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4661** for the same database connection is overridden.
4662** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4663** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4664** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4665** for the same database connection is overridden.
4666** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4667** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4668** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4669**
4670** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4671** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4672** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4673** the first call for each function on D.
4674**
4675** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4676** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4677** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4678** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4679** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4680** or rollback hook in the first place.
4681** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4682** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4683** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4684**
4685** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4686**
4687** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4688** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4689** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4690** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4691** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4692**
4693** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4694** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4695** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4696** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4697** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4698**
4699** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4700*/
4701void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4702void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4703
4704/*
4705** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4706**
4707** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4708** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4709** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4710** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4711** for the same database connection is overridden.
4712**
4713** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4714** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4715** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4716** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4717** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4718** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4719** to be invoked.
4720** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4721** database and table name containing the affected row.
4722** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4723** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4724**
4725** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4726** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4727**
4728** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4729** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4730** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4731** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4732** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4733** release of SQLite.
4734**
4735** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4736** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4737** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4738** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4739** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4740** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4741**
4742** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4743** returns the P argument from the previous call
4744** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4745** the first call on D.
4746**
4747** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4748** interfaces.
4749*/
4750void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4751  sqlite3*,
4752  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4753  void*
4754);
4755
4756/*
4757** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4758**
4759** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4760** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4761** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4762** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4763**
4764** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4765** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4766** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4767**
4768** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4769** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4770** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4771** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4772**
4773** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4774** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4775**
4776** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4777** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4778** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4779**
4780** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
4781** 32-bit integer is atomic.
4782**
4783** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4784*/
4785int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4786
4787/*
4788** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4789**
4790** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4791** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4792** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4793** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4794** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4795** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4796** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4797** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4798**
4799** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4800*/
4801int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4802
4803/*
4804** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4805**
4806** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4807** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4808** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is effect even
4809** when then [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4810** omitted.
4811**
4812** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4813*/
4814int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4815
4816/*
4817** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4818**
4819** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4820** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4821** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4822** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4823** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4824** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4825** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4826** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4827** is advisory only.
4828**
4829** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4830** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4831** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4832** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4833** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4834** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4835**
4836** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4837**
4838** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4839** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4840**
4841** <ul>
4842** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4843** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4844**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4845**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4846** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
4847**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
4848** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4849**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4850**      from the heap.
4851** </ul>)^
4852**
4853** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4854** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4855** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4856** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4857** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4858** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4859** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4860** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4861** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4862**
4863** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4864** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4865*/
4866sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4867
4868/*
4869** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4870** DEPRECATED
4871**
4872** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4873** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4874** only.  All new applications should use the
4875** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4876*/
4877SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4878
4879
4880/*
4881** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4882**
4883** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4884** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4885** passed as the first function argument.
4886**
4887** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4888** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4889** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4890** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4891** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4892** resolve unqualified table references.
4893**
4894** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4895** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4896** may be NULL.
4897**
4898** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4899** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4900** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4901**
4902** ^(<blockquote>
4903** <table border="1">
4904** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4905**
4906** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4907** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4908** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4909** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4910** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4911** </table>
4912** </blockquote>)^
4913**
4914** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4915** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4916** call to any SQLite API function.
4917**
4918** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4919**
4920** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4921** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4922** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4923** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4924** parameters are set as follows:
4925**
4926** <pre>
4927**     data type: "INTEGER"
4928**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4929**     not null: 0
4930**     primary key: 1
4931**     auto increment: 0
4932** </pre>)^
4933**
4934** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4935** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4936** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4937** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4938**
4939** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4940** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4941*/
4942int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4943  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4944  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4945  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4946  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4947  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4948  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4949  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4950  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4951  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4952);
4953
4954/*
4955** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4956**
4957** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4958**
4959** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4960** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4961**
4962** ^The entry point is zProc.
4963** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4964** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4965** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4966** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4967** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4968** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4969** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4970** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4971** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4972**
4973** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4974** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4975** otherwise an error will be returned.
4976**
4977** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4978*/
4979int sqlite3_load_extension(
4980  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4981  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4982  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4983  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4984);
4985
4986/*
4987** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4988**
4989** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4990** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4991** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4992** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4993**
4994** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4995** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4996** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4997** it back off again.
4998*/
4999int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5000
5001/*
5002** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5003**
5004** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5005** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5006** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked SQLite extension
5007** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5008**
5009** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5010** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5011** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5012** entry point where as follows:
5013**
5014** <blockquote><pre>
5015** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5016** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5017** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5018** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5019** &nbsp;  );
5020** </pre></blockquote>)^
5021**
5022** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5023** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5024** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5025** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5026** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5027** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5028** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5029**
5030** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5031** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5032** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5033**
5034** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].
5035*/
5036int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5037
5038/*
5039** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5040**
5041** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5042** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5043*/
5044void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5045
5046/*
5047** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5048** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5049** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5050**
5051** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5052** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5053*/
5054
5055/*
5056** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5057*/
5058typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5059typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5060typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5061typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5062
5063/*
5064** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5065** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5066**
5067** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5068** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5069** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5070**
5071** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5072** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5073** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5074** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5075** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5076** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5077** any database connection.
5078*/
5079struct sqlite3_module {
5080  int iVersion;
5081  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5082               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5083               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5084  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5085               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5086               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5087  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5088  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5089  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5090  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5091  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5092  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5093                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5094  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5095  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5096  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5097  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5098  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5099  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5100  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5101  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5102  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5103  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5104                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5105                       void **ppArg);
5106  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5107  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5108  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5109  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5110  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5111  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5112};
5113
5114/*
5115** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5116** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5117**
5118** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5119** of the [virtual table] interface to
5120** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5121** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5122** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5123** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5124**
5125** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5126**
5127** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5128**
5129** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5130** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5131** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5132** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5133** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5134** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5135** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5136**
5137** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5138** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5139** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5140** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5141** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5142**
5143** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5144** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5145**
5146** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5147** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5148** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5149** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5150** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5151** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5152**
5153** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5154** [xFilter] method.
5155** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5156** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5157**
5158** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5159** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5160** sorting step is required.
5161**
5162** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
5163** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
5164** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
5165** cost of approximately log(N).
5166*/
5167struct sqlite3_index_info {
5168  /* Inputs */
5169  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5170  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5171     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5172     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5173     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5174     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5175  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5176  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5177  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5178     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5179     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5180  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5181  /* Outputs */
5182  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5183    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5184    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5185  } *aConstraintUsage;
5186  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5187  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5188  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5189  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5190  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5191};
5192
5193/*
5194** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5195**
5196** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5197** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5198** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5199** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5200*/
5201#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5202#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5203#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5204#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5205#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5206#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5207
5208/*
5209** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5210**
5211** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5212** ^Module names must be registered before
5213** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5214** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5215**
5216** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5217** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5218** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5219** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5220** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5221** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5222** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5223**
5224** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5225** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5226** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5227** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5228** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5229** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5230** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5231** destructor.
5232*/
5233int sqlite3_create_module(
5234  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5235  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5236  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5237  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5238);
5239int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5240  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5241  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5242  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5243  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5244  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5245);
5246
5247/*
5248** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5249** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5250**
5251** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5252** of this object to describe a particular instance
5253** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5254** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5255** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5256** common to all module implementations.
5257**
5258** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5259** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5260** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5261** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5262** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5263** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5264*/
5265struct sqlite3_vtab {
5266  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5267  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5268  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5269  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5270};
5271
5272/*
5273** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5274** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5275**
5276** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5277** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5278** [virtual table] and are used
5279** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5280** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5281** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5282** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5283** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5284** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5285**
5286** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5287** are common to all implementations.
5288*/
5289struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5290  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5291  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5292};
5293
5294/*
5295** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5296**
5297** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5298** [virtual table module] call this interface
5299** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5300** the virtual tables they implement.
5301*/
5302int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5303
5304/*
5305** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5306**
5307** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5308** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5309** But global versions of those functions
5310** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5311**
5312** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5313** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5314** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5315** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5316** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5317** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5318** by a [virtual table].
5319*/
5320int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5321
5322/*
5323** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5324** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5325** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5326** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5327**
5328** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5329** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5330*/
5331
5332/*
5333** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5334** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5335**
5336** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5337** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5338** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5339** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5340** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5341** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5342** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5343*/
5344typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5345
5346/*
5347** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5348**
5349** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5350** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5351** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5352**
5353** <pre>
5354**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5355** </pre>)^
5356**
5357** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5358** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5359** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5360** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5361** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5362**
5363** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5364** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5365** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5366** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5367** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5368**
5369** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5370** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5371** to be a null pointer.)^
5372** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5373** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5374** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5375** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5376** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5377**
5378** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5379** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5380** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5381** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5382** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5383** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5384** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5385** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5386** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5387** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5388**
5389** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5390** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5391** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5392** blob.
5393**
5394** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5395** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5396** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5397** this interface.
5398**
5399** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5400** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5401*/
5402int sqlite3_blob_open(
5403  sqlite3*,
5404  const char *zDb,
5405  const char *zTable,
5406  const char *zColumn,
5407  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5408  int flags,
5409  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5410);
5411
5412/*
5413** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5414**
5415** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5416** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5417** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5418** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5419** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5420** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5421**
5422** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5423** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5424** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5425** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5426** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5427** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5428** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5429** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5430** always returns zero.
5431**
5432** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5433*/
5434SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5435
5436/*
5437** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5438**
5439** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5440**
5441** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5442** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5443** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5444** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5445** until the close operation if they will fit.
5446**
5447** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5448** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5449** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5450** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5451**
5452** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5453** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5454**
5455** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5456** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5457*/
5458int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5459
5460/*
5461** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5462**
5463** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5464** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5465** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5466** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5467**
5468** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5469** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5470** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5471** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5472*/
5473int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5474
5475/*
5476** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5477**
5478** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5479** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5480** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5481**
5482** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5483** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5484** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5485** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5486** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5487**
5488** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5489** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5490**
5491** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5492** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5493**
5494** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5495** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5496** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5497** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5498**
5499** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5500*/
5501int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5502
5503/*
5504** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5505**
5506** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5507** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5508** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5509**
5510** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5511** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5512** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5513**
5514** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5515** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5516** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5517** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5518** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5519** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5520** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5521**
5522** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5523** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5524** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5525** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5526** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5527** or by other independent statements.
5528**
5529** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5530** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5531**
5532** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5533** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5534** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5535** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5536**
5537** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5538*/
5539int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5540
5541/*
5542** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5543**
5544** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5545** that SQLite uses to interact
5546** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5547** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5548** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5549** The following interfaces are provided.
5550**
5551** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5552** ^Names are case sensitive.
5553** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5554** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5555** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5556**
5557** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5558** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5559** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5560** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5561** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5562** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5563** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5564** then the behavior is undefined.
5565**
5566** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5567** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5568** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5569*/
5570sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5571int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5572int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5573
5574/*
5575** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5576**
5577** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5578** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5579** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5580** permitted to use any of these routines.
5581**
5582** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5583** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5584** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5585** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5586**
5587** <ul>
5588** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5589** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5590** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5591** </ul>)^
5592**
5593** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5594** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5595** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5596** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5597** and Windows.
5598**
5599** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5600** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5601** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5602** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5603** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5604** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5605** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5606**
5607** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5608** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5609** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5610** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5611** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5612**
5613** <ul>
5614** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5615** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5616** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5617** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5618** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5619** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5620** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5621** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5622** </ul>)^
5623**
5624** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5625** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5626** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5627** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5628** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5629** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5630** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5631** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5632** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5633** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5634**
5635** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5636** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5637** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5638** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5639** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5640** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5641** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5642** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5643**
5644** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5645** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5646** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5647** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5648** the same type number.
5649**
5650** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5651** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5652** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5653** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5654** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5655** a static mutex.
5656**
5657** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5658** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5659** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5660** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5661** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5662** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5663** In such cases the,
5664** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5665** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5666** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5667** SQLite will never exhibit
5668** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5669**
5670** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5671** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5672** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5673** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5674**
5675** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5676** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5677** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5678** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5679** never do either.)^
5680**
5681** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5682** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5683** behave as no-ops.
5684**
5685** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5686*/
5687sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5688void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5689void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5690int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5691void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5692
5693/*
5694** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5695**
5696** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5697** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5698**
5699** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5700** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5701** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5702** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5703** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5704** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5705** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5706** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5707** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5708**
5709** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5710** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5711** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5712** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5713**
5714** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5715** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5716** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5717** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5718** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5719** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5720**
5721** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5722** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5723** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5724**
5725** <ul>
5726**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5727**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5728**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5729**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5730**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5731**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5732**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5733** </ul>)^
5734**
5735** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5736** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5737** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5738** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5739** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5740** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5741** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5742**
5743** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5744** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5745** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5746** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5747**
5748** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5749** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5750** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5751** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5752**
5753** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5754** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5755** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5756** prior to returning.
5757*/
5758typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5759struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5760  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5761  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5762  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5763  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5764  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5765  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5766  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5767  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5768  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5769};
5770
5771/*
5772** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5773**
5774** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5775** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5776** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5777** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5778** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5779** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5780** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5781** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5782**
5783** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5784** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5785**
5786** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5787** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5788** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5789** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5790**
5791** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5792** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5793** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5794** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5795** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5796** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5797** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5798** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5799*/
5800#ifndef NDEBUG
5801int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5802int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5803#endif
5804
5805/*
5806** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5807**
5808** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5809** which is one of these integer constants.
5810**
5811** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5812** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5813** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5814*/
5815#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5816#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5817#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5818#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5819#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5820#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5821#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5822#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5823#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
5824#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
5825
5826/*
5827** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5828**
5829** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5830** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5831** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5832** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5833** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5834*/
5835sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5836
5837/*
5838** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5839**
5840** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5841** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5842** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5843** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5844** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5845** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5846** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5847** main database file.
5848** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5849** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5850** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5851** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5852**
5853** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
5854** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
5855** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
5856** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
5857** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
5858**
5859** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5860** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5861** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5862** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5863** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5864** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5865** xFileControl method.
5866**
5867** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5868*/
5869int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5870
5871/*
5872** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5873**
5874** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5875** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5876** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5877** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5878**
5879** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5880** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5881** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5882**
5883** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5884** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5885** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5886** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5887*/
5888int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5889
5890/*
5891** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5892**
5893** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5894** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5895**
5896** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5897** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5898** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5899** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5900*/
5901#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5902#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5903#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5904#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5905#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5906#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5907#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5908#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5909#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5910#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5911#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5912#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5913#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5914#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
5915#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
5916#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
5917#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    19
5918
5919/*
5920** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5921**
5922** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5923** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5924** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5925** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5926** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5927** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5928** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5929** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5930** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5931** value.  For those parameters
5932** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5933** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5934** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5935**
5936** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5937** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5938**
5939** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5940** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5941** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5942** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5943** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5944** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5945**
5946** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5947*/
5948int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5949
5950
5951/*
5952** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5953** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
5954**
5955** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5956** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5957**
5958** <dl>
5959** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5960** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5961** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5962** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5963** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5964** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5965** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5966** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5967** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5968**
5969** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5970** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5971** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5972** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5973** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5974** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5975**
5976** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5977** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
5978** currently checked out.</dd>)^
5979**
5980** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5981** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5982** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5983** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5984** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5985**
5986** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
5987** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5988** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5989** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5990** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5991** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5992** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5993** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5994** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5995**
5996** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5997** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5998** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5999** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6000** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6001**
6002** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6003** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6004** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6005** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6006** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6007** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6008** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6009**
6010** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6011** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6012** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6013** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6014** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6015** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6016** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6017** slots were available.
6018** </dd>)^
6019**
6020** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6021** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6022** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6023** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6024** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6025**
6026** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6027** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6028** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6029** </dl>
6030**
6031** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6032*/
6033#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6034#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6035#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6036#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6037#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6038#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6039#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6040#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6041#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6042#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6043
6044/*
6045** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6046**
6047** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6048** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6049** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6050** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6051** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6052** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6053** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6054** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6055**
6056** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6057** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6058** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6059** reset back down to the current value.
6060**
6061** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6062** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6063**
6064** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6065*/
6066int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6067
6068/*
6069** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6070** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6071**
6072** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6073** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6074**
6075** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6076** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6077** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6078** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6079** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6080**
6081** <dl>
6082** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6083** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6084** checked out.</dd>)^
6085**
6086** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6087** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6088** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6089** the current value is always zero.)^
6090**
6091** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6092** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6093** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6094** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6095** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6096** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6097** the current value is always zero.)^
6098**
6099** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6100** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6101** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6102** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6103** memory already being in use.
6104** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6105** the current value is always zero.)^
6106**
6107** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6108** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6109** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6110** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6111**
6112** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6113** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6114** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6115** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6116** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6117** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6118** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6119** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6120**
6121** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6122** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6123** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6124** the database connection.)^
6125** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6126** </dd>
6127**
6128** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6129** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6130** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6131** is always 0.
6132** </dd>
6133**
6134** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6135** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6136** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6137** is always 0.
6138** </dd>
6139**
6140** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6141** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6142** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6143** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6144** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6145** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6146** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6147** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6148** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6149** </dd>
6150** </dl>
6151*/
6152#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6153#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6154#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6155#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6156#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6157#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6158#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6159#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6160#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6161#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6162#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                  9   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6163
6164
6165/*
6166** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6167**
6168** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6169** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6170** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6171** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6172** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6173** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6174** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6175** an index.
6176**
6177** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6178** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6179** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6180** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6181** to be interrogated.)^
6182** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6183** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6184** interface call returns.
6185**
6186** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6187*/
6188int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6189
6190/*
6191** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6192** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6193**
6194** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6195** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6196** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6197**
6198** <dl>
6199** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6200** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6201** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6202** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6203** careful use of indices.</dd>
6204**
6205** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6206** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6207** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6208** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6209**
6210** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6211** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6212** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6213** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6214** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6215** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6216** </dl>
6217*/
6218#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6219#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6220#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6221
6222/*
6223** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6224**
6225** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6226** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6227** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6228** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6229** to the object.
6230**
6231** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6232*/
6233typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6234
6235/*
6236** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6237**
6238** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6239** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6240** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6241** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6242**
6243** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6244*/
6245typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6246struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6247  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6248  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6249};
6250
6251/*
6252** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6253** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6254**
6255** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6256** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6257** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6258** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6259** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6260** By implementing a
6261** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6262** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6263** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6264** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6265** how long.
6266**
6267** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6268** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6269** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6270**
6271** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6272** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6273** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6274** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6275**
6276** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6277** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6278** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6279** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6280** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6281** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6282** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6283** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6284** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6285** page cache.)^
6286**
6287** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6288** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6289** It can be used to clean up
6290** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6291** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6292**
6293** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6294** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6295** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6296** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6297** in multithreaded applications.
6298**
6299** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6300** call to xShutdown().
6301**
6302** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6303** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6304** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6305** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6306** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6307** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6308** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6309** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6310** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6311** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6312** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6313** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6314** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6315** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6316** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6317** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6318** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6319** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6320** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6321** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6322** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6323** never contain any unpinned pages.
6324**
6325** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6326** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6327** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6328** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6329** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6330** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6331** value; it is advisory only.
6332**
6333** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6334** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6335** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6336**
6337** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6338** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6339** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6340** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6341** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6342** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6343** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6344** for each entry in the page cache.
6345**
6346** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6347** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6348** to be "pinned".
6349**
6350** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6351** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6352** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6353** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6354** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6355**
6356** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6357** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
6358** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6359** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6360**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6361** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6362**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6363** </table>
6364**
6365** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6366** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6367** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6368** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6369** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6370**
6371** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6372** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6373** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6374** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6375** ^If the discard parameter is
6376** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6377** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6378** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6379**
6380** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6381** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6382** to xFetch().
6383**
6384** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6385** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6386** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6387** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6388** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6389** to be pinned.
6390**
6391** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6392** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6393** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6394** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6395** they can be safely discarded.
6396**
6397** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6398** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6399** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6400** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6401** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6402** functions.
6403**
6404** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6405** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6406** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6407** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6408** do their best.
6409*/
6410typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6411struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6412  int iVersion;
6413  void *pArg;
6414  int (*xInit)(void*);
6415  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6416  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6417  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6418  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6419  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6420  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6421  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6422      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6423  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6424  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6425  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6426};
6427
6428/*
6429** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6430** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6431** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6432*/
6433typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6434struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6435  void *pArg;
6436  int (*xInit)(void*);
6437  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6438  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6439  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6440  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6441  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6442  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6443  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6444  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6445  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6446};
6447
6448
6449/*
6450** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6451**
6452** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6453** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6454** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6455** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6456**
6457** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6458*/
6459typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6460
6461/*
6462** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6463**
6464** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6465** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6466** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6467**
6468** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6469**
6470** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6471** for the duration of the backup operation.
6472** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6473** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6474** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6475** preventing other database connections from
6476** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6477**
6478** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6479**   <ol>
6480**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6481**         backup,
6482**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6483**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6484**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6485**         associated with the backup operation.
6486**   </ol>)^
6487** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6488** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6489**
6490** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6491**
6492** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6493** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6494** and the database name, respectively.
6495** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6496** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6497** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6498** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6499** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6500** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6501** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6502** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6503** an error.
6504**
6505** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6506** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6507** destination [database connection] D.
6508** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6509** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6510** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6511** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6512** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6513** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6514** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6515** operation.
6516**
6517** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6518**
6519** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6520** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6521** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6522** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6523** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6524** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6525** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6526** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6527** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6528** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6529** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6530** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6531**
6532** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6533** <ol>
6534** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6535** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6536** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6537** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6538** destination and source page sizes differ.
6539** </ol>)^
6540**
6541** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6542** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6543** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6544** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6545** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6546** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6547** [database connection]
6548** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6549** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6550** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6551** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6552** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6553** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6554** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6555** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6556** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6557**
6558** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6559** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6560** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6561** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6562** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6563** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6564** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6565** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6566** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6567** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6568** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6569** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6570** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6571** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6572** updated at the same time.
6573**
6574** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6575**
6576** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6577** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6578** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6579** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6580** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6581** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6582** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6583** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6584** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6585**
6586** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6587** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6588** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6589** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6590** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6591** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6592**
6593** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6594** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6595** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6596**
6597** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6598** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6599**
6600** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6601** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6602** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6603** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6604** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6605**
6606** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6607** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6608** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6609** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6610** changing.
6611**
6612** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6613**
6614** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6615** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6616** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6617** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6618** from within other threads.
6619**
6620** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6621** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6622** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6623** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6624** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6625** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6626** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6627** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6628**
6629** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6630** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6631** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6632** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6633** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6634** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6635**
6636** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6637** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6638** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6639** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6640** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6641** possible that they return invalid values.
6642*/
6643sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6644  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6645  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6646  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6647  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6648);
6649int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6650int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6651int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6652int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6653
6654/*
6655** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6656**
6657** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6658** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6659** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6660** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6661** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6662** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6663** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6664** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6665**
6666** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6667**
6668** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6669** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6670**
6671** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6672** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6673** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6674** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6675** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6676** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6677** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6678** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6679** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6680** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6681**
6682** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6683** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6684** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6685** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6686** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6687**
6688** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6689** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6690** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6691** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6692**
6693** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6694** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6695** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6696** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6697** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6698** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6699** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6700** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6701**
6702** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6703** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6704** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6705**
6706** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6707** returns SQLITE_OK.
6708**
6709** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6710**
6711** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6712** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6713** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6714** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6715** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6716** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6717**
6718** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6719** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6720** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6721** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6722** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6723** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6724** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6725** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6726**
6727** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6728**
6729** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6730** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6731** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6732** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6733** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6734** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6735** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6736**
6737** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6738** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6739** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6740** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6741** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6742** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6743** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6744** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6745** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6746** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6747** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6748** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6749**
6750** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6751**
6752** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6753** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6754** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6755** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6756** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6757** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6758** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6759** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6760** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6761**
6762** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6763** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6764** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6765** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6766** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6767*/
6768int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6769  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6770  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6771  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6772);
6773
6774
6775/*
6776** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6777**
6778** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
6779** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
6780** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
6781** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
6782*/
6783int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
6784int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
6785
6786/*
6787** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
6788**
6789** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
6790** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
6791** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
6792** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
6793**
6794** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
6795** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
6796** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
6797** is considered bad form.
6798**
6799** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
6800**
6801** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
6802** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
6803** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
6804** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
6805** buffer.
6806*/
6807void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
6808
6809/*
6810** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
6811**
6812** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
6813** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
6814** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
6815** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
6816**
6817** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
6818** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
6819** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
6820**
6821** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
6822** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
6823** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
6824** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
6825** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
6826** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
6827** including those that were just committed.
6828**
6829** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
6830** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
6831** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
6832** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6833** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6834** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6835** are undefined.
6836**
6837** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6838** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6839** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6840** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6841** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6842** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6843*/
6844void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6845  sqlite3*,
6846  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6847  void*
6848);
6849
6850/*
6851** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6852**
6853** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6854** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6855** to automatically [checkpoint]
6856** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6857** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6858** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6859** checkpoints entirely.
6860**
6861** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6862** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6863** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6864** configured by this function.
6865**
6866** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6867** from SQL.
6868**
6869** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6870** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
6871** pages.  The use of this interface
6872** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6873** for a particular application.
6874*/
6875int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6876
6877/*
6878** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6879**
6880** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6881** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6882** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6883** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6884** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6885**
6886** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6887** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6888** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6889** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6890**
6891** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6892*/
6893int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6894
6895/*
6896** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6897**
6898** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
6899** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
6900** eMode parameter:
6901**
6902** <dl>
6903** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
6904**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
6905**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
6906**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
6907**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
6908**
6909** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
6910**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
6911**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
6912**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
6913**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6914**   but not database readers.
6915**
6916** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
6917**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
6918**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
6919**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
6920**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
6921**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6922**   but not database readers.
6923** </dl>
6924**
6925** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
6926** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
6927** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
6928** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
6929** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
6930** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
6931** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
6932**
6933** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
6934** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
6935** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
6936** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
6937**
6938** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
6939** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
6940** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
6941** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
6942** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
6943** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
6944** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
6945** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
6946** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
6947** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
6948**
6949** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
6950** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
6951** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
6952** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
6953** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
6954** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
6955** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
6956** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
6957** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
6958** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
6959**
6960** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
6961** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
6962** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
6963** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
6964*/
6965int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
6966  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
6967  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
6968  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
6969  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
6970  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
6971);
6972
6973/*
6974** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
6975**
6976** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
6977** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6978** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
6979** each of these values.
6980*/
6981#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
6982#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
6983#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
6984
6985/*
6986** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
6987**
6988** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
6989** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
6990** various facets of the virtual table interface.
6991**
6992** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
6993** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
6994**
6995** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
6996** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
6997** may be added in the future.
6998*/
6999int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7000
7001/*
7002** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7003**
7004** These macros define the various options to the
7005** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7006** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7007**
7008** <dl>
7009** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7010** <dd>Calls of the form
7011** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7012** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7013** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7014** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7015** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7016** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7017** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7018** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7019**
7020** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7021** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7022** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7023** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7024** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7025** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7026** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7027** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7028** had been ABORT.
7029**
7030** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7031** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7032** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7033** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7034** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7035** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7036** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7037** constraint handling.
7038** </dl>
7039*/
7040#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7041
7042/*
7043** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7044**
7045** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7046** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7047** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7048** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7049** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7050** [virtual table].
7051*/
7052int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7053
7054/*
7055** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7056**
7057** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7058** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7059** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7060**
7061** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7062** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7063** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7064*/
7065#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7066/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7067#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7068/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7069#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7070
7071
7072
7073/*
7074** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7075** builds on processors without floating point support.
7076*/
7077#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7078# undef double
7079#endif
7080
7081#ifdef __cplusplus
7082}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7083#endif
7084#endif
7085