xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision c0a18d6a)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Facilitate override of interface linkage and calling conventions.
47** Be aware that these macros may not be used within this particular
48** translation of the amalgamation and its associated header file.
49**
50** The SQLITE_EXTERN and SQLITE_API macros are used to instruct the
51** compiler that the target identifier should have external linkage.
52**
53** The SQLITE_CDECL macro is used to set the calling convention for
54** public functions that accept a variable number of arguments.
55**
56** The SQLITE_APICALL macro is used to set the calling convention for
57** public functions that accept a fixed number of arguments.
58**
59** The SQLITE_STDCALL macro is no longer used and is now deprecated.
60**
61** The SQLITE_CALLBACK macro is used to set the calling convention for
62** function pointers.
63**
64** The SQLITE_SYSAPI macro is used to set the calling convention for
65** functions provided by the operating system.
66**
67** Currently, the SQLITE_CDECL, SQLITE_APICALL, SQLITE_CALLBACK, and
68** SQLITE_SYSAPI macros are used only when building for environments
69** that require non-default calling conventions.
70*/
71#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
72# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
73#endif
74#ifndef SQLITE_API
75# define SQLITE_API
76#endif
77#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
78# define SQLITE_CDECL
79#endif
80#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
81# define SQLITE_APICALL
82#endif
83#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
84# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
85#endif
86#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
87# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
88#endif
89#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
90# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
91#endif
92
93/*
94** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
95** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
96** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
97** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
98** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
99**
100** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
101** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
102** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
103** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
104** noop macros.
105*/
106#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
107#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
108
109/*
110** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
111*/
112#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
113# undef SQLITE_VERSION
114#endif
115#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
116# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
117#endif
118
119/*
120** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
121**
122** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
123** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
124** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
125** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
126** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
127** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
128** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
129** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
130** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
131** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
132** and Z will be reset to zero.
133**
134** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
135** SQLite source code has been stored in the
136** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
137** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
138** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
139** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
140** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
141** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
142** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
143** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
144**
145** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
146** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
147** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
148*/
149#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
150#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
151#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
152
153/*
154** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
155** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
156**
157** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
158** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
159** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
160** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
161** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
162** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
163** compiled with matching library and header files.
164**
165** <blockquote><pre>
166** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
167** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
168** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
169** </pre></blockquote>)^
170**
171** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
172** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
173** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
174** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
175** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
176** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
177** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
178** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
179** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
180** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
181** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
182**
183** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
184*/
185SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
186const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
187const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
188int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
189
190/*
191** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
192**
193** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
194** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
195** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
196** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
197**
198** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
199** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
200** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
201** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
202** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
203** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
204**
205** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
206** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
207** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
208**
209** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
210** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
211*/
212#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
213int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
214const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
215#else
216# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
217# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
218#endif
219
220/*
221** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
222**
223** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
224** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
225** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
226**
227** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
228** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
229** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
230** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
231** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
232** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
233**
234** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
235** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
236** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
237** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
238**
239** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
240** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
241** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
242**
243** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
244** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
245** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
246** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
247** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
248** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
249** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
250** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
251** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
252** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
253**
254** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
255*/
256int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
257
258/*
259** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
260** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
261**
262** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
263** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
264** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
265** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
266** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
267** interfaces (such as
268** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
269** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
270** sqlite3 object.
271*/
272typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
273
274/*
275** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
276** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
277**
278** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
279** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
280**
281** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
282** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
283** compatibility only.
284**
285** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
286** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
287** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
288** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
289*/
290#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
291  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
292# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
293    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
294# else
295    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
296# endif
297#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
298  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
299  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
300#else
301  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
302  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
303#endif
304typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
305typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
306
307/*
308** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
309** substitute integer for floating-point.
310*/
311#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
312# define double sqlite3_int64
313#endif
314
315/*
316** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
317** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
318**
319** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
320** for the [sqlite3] object.
321** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
322** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
323** resources are deallocated.
324**
325** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
326** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
327** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
328** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
329** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
330** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
331** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
332** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
333** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
334** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
335** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
336** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
337** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
338** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
339** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
340** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
341**
342** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
343** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
344**
345** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
346** must be either a NULL
347** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
348** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
349** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
350** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
351** argument is a harmless no-op.
352*/
353int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
354int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
355
356/*
357** The type for a callback function.
358** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
359** compatibility and is not documented.
360*/
361typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
365** METHOD: sqlite3
366**
367** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
368** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
369** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
370** without having to use a lot of C code.
371**
372** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
373** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
374** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
375** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
376** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
377** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
378** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
379** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
380** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
381** ignored.
382**
383** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
384** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
385** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
386** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
387** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
388** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
389** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
390** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
391** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
392** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
393** NULL before returning.
394**
395** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
396** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
397** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
398**
399** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
400** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
401** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
402** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
403** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
404** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
405** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
406** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
407** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
408**
409** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
410** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
411** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
412** is not changed.
413**
414** Restrictions:
415**
416** <ul>
417** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
418**      is a valid and open [database connection].
419** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
420**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
421** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
422**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
423** </ul>
424*/
425int sqlite3_exec(
426  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
427  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
428  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
429  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
430  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
431);
432
433/*
434** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
435** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
436**
437** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
438** here in order to indicate success or failure.
439**
440** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
441**
442** See also: [extended result code definitions]
443*/
444#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
445/* beginning-of-error-codes */
446#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
447#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
448#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
449#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
450#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
451#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
452#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
453#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
454#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
455#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
456#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
457#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
458#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
459#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
460#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
461#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
462#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
463#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
464#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
465#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
466#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
467#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
468#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
469#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
470#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
471#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
472#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
473#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
474#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
475#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
476/* end-of-error-codes */
477
478/*
479** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
480** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
481**
482** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
483** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
484** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
485** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
486** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
487** and later) include
488** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
489** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
490** on a per database connection basis using the
491** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
492** the most recent error can be obtained using
493** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
494*/
495#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
496#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
497#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
508#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
509#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
510#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
511#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
512#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
513#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
514#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
515#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
516#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
517#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
518#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
519#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
520#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
521#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
522#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
523#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
524#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
525#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
526#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
527#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
528#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
529#define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
530#define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
531#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
532#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
533#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
534#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
535#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
539#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
540#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
541#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
542#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
544#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
545#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
546#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
547#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
548#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
549#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
550#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
551#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
552#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
553#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
554#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
555#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
556#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
557#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
558#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
559#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
560#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
561#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
562#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
563#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
564#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
565#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
566#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
567#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
568#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
569#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8)) /* internal use only */
570
571/*
572** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
573**
574** These bit values are intended for use in the
575** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
576** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
577**
578** Only those flags marked as "Ok for sqlite3_open_v2()" may be
579** used as the third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface.
580** The other flags have historically been ignored by sqlite3_open_v2(),
581** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
582** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
583** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
584**
585** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
586** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
587** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
588** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically be a no-op and might become an
589** error in future versions of SQLite.
590*/
591#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
592#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
593#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
594#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
595#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
596#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
597#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
598#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
599#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
600#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
601#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
602#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
603#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
604#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
605#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
606#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
607#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
608#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
609#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
610#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
611#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
612#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE        0x02000000  /* Extended result codes */
613
614/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
615/* Legacy compatibility: */
616#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
617
618
619/*
620** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
621**
622** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
623** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
624** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
625** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
626** refers to.
627**
628** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
629** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
630** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
631** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
632** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
633** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
634** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
635** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
636** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
637** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
638** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
639** file that were written at the application level might have changed
640** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
641** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
642** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
643** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
644** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
645** elevated privileges.
646**
647** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
648** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
649** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
650** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
651*/
652#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
653#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
654#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
655#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
656#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
657#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
658#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
659#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
660#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
661#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
662#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
663#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
664#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
665#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
666#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
667
668/*
669** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
670**
671** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
672** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
673** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from
674** lest restrictive to most restrictive.
675**
676** The argument to xLock() is always SHARED or higher.  The argument to
677** xUnlock is either SHARED or NONE.
678*/
679#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0       /* xUnlock() only */
680#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1       /* xLock() or xUnlock() */
681#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2       /* xLock() only */
682#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3       /* xLock() only */
683#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4       /* xLock() only */
684
685/*
686** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
687**
688** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
689** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
690** these integer values as the second argument.
691**
692** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
693** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
694** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
695** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
696** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
697** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
698**
699** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
700** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
701** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
702** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
703** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
704** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
705** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
706** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
707** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
708** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
709** cares about the difference.)
710*/
711#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
712#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
713#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
714
715/*
716** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
717**
718** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
719** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
720** implementations will
721** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
722** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
723** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
724** I/O operations on the open file.
725*/
726typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
727struct sqlite3_file {
728  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
729};
730
731/*
732** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
733**
734** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
735** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
736** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
737** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
738** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
739**
740** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
741** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
742** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
743** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
744** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
745** to NULL.
746**
747** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
748** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
749** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
750** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
751** and not its inode needs to be synced.
752**
753** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
754** <ul>
755** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
756** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
757** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
758** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
759** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
760** </ul>
761** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
762** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
763** xLock() is always on of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
764** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
765** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
766** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
767*  If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
768** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
769** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
770** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
771** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
772** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
773**
774** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
775** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
776** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
777** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
778** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
779** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
780** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
781** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
782** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
783** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
784** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
785** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
786** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
787** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
788** recognize.
789**
790** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
791** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
792** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
793** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
794** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
795** underlying device:
796**
797** <ul>
798** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
799** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
800** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
801** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
802** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
803** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
804** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
805** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
806** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
807** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
808** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
809** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
810** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
811** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
812** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
813** </ul>
814**
815** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
816** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
817** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
818** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
819** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
820** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
821** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
822** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
823** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
824** to xWrite().
825**
826** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
827** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
828** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
829** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
830** database corruption.
831*/
832typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
833struct sqlite3_io_methods {
834  int iVersion;
835  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
836  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
837  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
838  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
839  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
840  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
841  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
842  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
843  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
844  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
845  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
846  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
847  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
848  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
849  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
850  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
851  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
852  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
853  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
854  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
855  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
856  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
857};
858
859/*
860** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
861** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
862**
863** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
864** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
865** interface.
866**
867** <ul>
868** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
869** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
870** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
871** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
872** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
873** into an integer that the pArg argument points to.
874** This capability is only available if SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG].
875**
876** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
877** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
878** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
879** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
880** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
881** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
882** file run faster.
883**
884** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
885** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
886** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
887** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
888** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
889** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
890** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
891** pointed to is set to the new limit.
892**
893** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
894** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
895** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
896** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
897** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
898** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
899** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
900** improve performance on some systems.
901**
902** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
903** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
904** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
905** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
906**
907** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
908** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
909** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
910** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
911** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
912**
913** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
914** No longer in use.
915**
916** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
917** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
918** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
919** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
920** because the user has configured SQLite with
921** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
922** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
923** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
924** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
925** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
926** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
927** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
928** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
929**
930** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
931** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
932** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
933** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
934** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
935** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
936** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
937**
938** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
939** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
940** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
941** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
942** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
943** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
944** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
945** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
946** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
947** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
948** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
949** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
950** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
951** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
952** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
953** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
954**
955** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
956** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
957** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
958** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
959** files used for transaction control
960** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
961** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
962** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
963** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
964** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
965** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
966** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
967** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
968** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
969** WAL persistence setting.
970**
971** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
972** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
973** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
974** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
975** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
976** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
977** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
978** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
979** zero-damage mode setting.
980**
981** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
982** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
983** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
984** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
985** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
986**
987** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
988** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
989** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
990** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
991** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
992** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
993** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
994** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
995** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
996** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
997** is intended for diagnostic use only.
998**
999** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
1000** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
1001** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
1002** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
1003** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
1004** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
1005** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
1006** upper-most shim only.
1007**
1008** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
1009** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1010** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
1011** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
1012** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
1013** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
1014** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
1015** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
1016** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
1017** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
1018** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
1019** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
1020** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
1021** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1022** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
1023** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
1024** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
1025** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
1026** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
1027** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
1028** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
1029** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1030** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
1031** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
1032**
1033** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
1034** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
1035** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
1036** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
1037** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
1038** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
1039** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
1040** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
1041** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
1042** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
1043** current operation.
1044**
1045** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
1046** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
1047** to have SQLite generate a
1048** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1049** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1050** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1051** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1052** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1053**
1054** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1055** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1056** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1057** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1058** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1059** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1060** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1061** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1062** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1063**
1064** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1065** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1066** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1067** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1068** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1069** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1070** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1071**
1072** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1073** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1074** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1075** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1076** was first opened.
1077**
1078** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1079** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1080** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1081** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1082** writes the resulting value there.
1083**
1084** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1085** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1086** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1087** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1088** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1089**
1090** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1091** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1092** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1093** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1094** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1095** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1096**
1097** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1098** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1099** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1100**
1101** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1102** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1103** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1104** this opcode.
1105**
1106** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1107** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1108** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1109** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1110** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1111** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1112** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1113** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1114** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1115** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1116** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1117** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1118**
1119** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1120** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1121** operations since the previous successful call to
1122** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1123** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1124** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1125** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1126** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1127** write operations are independent.
1128** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1129** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1130**
1131** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1132** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1133** operations since the previous successful call to
1134** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1135** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1136** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1137** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1138** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1139**
1140** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1141** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1142** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1143** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1144** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1145** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1146** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1147**
1148** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1149** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1150** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1151** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1152** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1153** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1154** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1155** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1156** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1157** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1158** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1159** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1160** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1161** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1162** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1163** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1164** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1165** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1166** a particular attached database.
1167**
1168** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1169** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1170** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1171** file to the database file.
1172**
1173** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1174** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1175** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1176** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1177** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1178** </ul>
1179**
1180** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
1181** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
1182** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
1183** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix.The
1184** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
1185** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
1186** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
1187** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
1188** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
1189** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
1190** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
1191** </ul>
1192**
1193** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
1194** Used by the cksmvfs VFS module only.
1195** </ul>
1196*/
1197#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1198#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1199#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1200#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1201#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1202#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1203#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1204#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1205#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1206#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1207#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1208#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1209#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1210#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1211#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1212#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1213#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1214#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1215#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1216#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1217#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1218#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1219#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1220#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1221#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1222#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1223#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1224#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1225#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1226#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1227#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1228#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1229#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1230#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1231#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1232#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1233#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1234#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1235#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
1236#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
1237
1238/* deprecated names */
1239#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1240#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1241#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1242
1243
1244/*
1245** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1246**
1247** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1248** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1249** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1250** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1251**
1252** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1253*/
1254typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1255
1256/*
1257** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1258**
1259** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1260** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1261** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1262** on some platforms.
1263*/
1264typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1265
1266/*
1267** CAPI3REF: File Name
1268**
1269** Type [sqlite3_filename] is used by SQLite to pass filenames to the
1270** xOpen method of a [VFS]. It may be cast to (const char*) and treated
1271** as a normal, nul-terminated, UTF-8 buffer containing the filename, but
1272** may also be passed to special APIs such as:
1273**
1274** <ul>
1275** <li>  sqlite3_filename_database()
1276** <li>  sqlite3_filename_journal()
1277** <li>  sqlite3_filename_wal()
1278** <li>  sqlite3_uri_parameter()
1279** <li>  sqlite3_uri_boolean()
1280** <li>  sqlite3_uri_int64()
1281** <li>  sqlite3_uri_key()
1282** </ul>
1283*/
1284typedef const char *sqlite3_filename;
1285
1286/*
1287** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1288**
1289** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1290** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1291** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1292** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1293**
1294** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1295** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1296** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1297** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1298** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1299** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1300** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1301** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1302** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1303** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1304** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1305** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1306**
1307** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1308** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1309** a pathname in this VFS.
1310**
1311** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1312** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1313** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1314** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1315** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1316** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1317**
1318** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1319** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1320** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1321** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1322** object once the object has been registered.
1323**
1324** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1325** be unique across all VFS modules.
1326**
1327** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1328** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1329** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1330** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1331** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1332** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1333** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1334** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1335** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1336** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1337** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1338** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1339** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1340** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1341** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1342** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1343**
1344** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1345** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1346** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1347** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1348** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1349** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1350**
1351** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1352** call, depending on the object being opened:
1353**
1354** <ul>
1355** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1356** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1357** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1358** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1359** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1360** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1361** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1362** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1363** </ul>)^
1364**
1365** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1366** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1367** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1368** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1369** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1370** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1371** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1372** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1373**
1374** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1375**
1376** <ul>
1377** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1378** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1379** </ul>
1380**
1381** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1382** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1383** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1384** databases, and subjournals.
1385**
1386** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1387** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1388** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1389** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1390** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1391** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1392** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1393** for exclusive access.
1394**
1395** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1396** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1397** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1398** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1399** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1400** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1401** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1402** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1403** or failure of the xOpen call.
1404**
1405** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1406** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1407** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1408** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1409** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1410** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1411** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1412** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1413** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1414** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1415** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1416** whether or not the file is accessible.
1417**
1418** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1419** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1420** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1421** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1422** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1423** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1424**
1425** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1426** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1427** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1428** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1429** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1430** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1431** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1432** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1433** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1434** a floating point value.
1435** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1436** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1437** a 24-hour day).
1438** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1439** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1440** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1441** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1442**
1443** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1444** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1445** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1446** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1447** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1448** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1449** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1450** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1451** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1452** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1453** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1454*/
1455typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1456typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1457struct sqlite3_vfs {
1458  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1459  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1460  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1461  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1462  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1463  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1464  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_filename zName, sqlite3_file*,
1465               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1466  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1467  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1468  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1469  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1470  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1471  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1472  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1473  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1474  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1475  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1476  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1477  /*
1478  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1479  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1480  */
1481  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1482  /*
1483  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1484  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1485  */
1486  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1487  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1488  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1489  /*
1490  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1491  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1492  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1493  */
1494};
1495
1496/*
1497** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1498**
1499** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1500** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1501** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1502** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1503** simply checks whether the file exists.
1504** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1505** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1506** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1507** the directory).
1508** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1509** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1510** release of SQLite.
1511** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1512** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1513** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1514** SQLite.
1515*/
1516#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1517#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1518#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1519
1520/*
1521** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1522**
1523** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1524** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1525** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1526** xShmLock method:
1527**
1528** <ul>
1529** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1530** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1531** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1532** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1533** </ul>
1534**
1535** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1536** was given on the corresponding lock.
1537**
1538** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1539** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1540** and EXCLUSIVE.
1541*/
1542#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1543#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1544#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1545#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1546
1547/*
1548** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1549**
1550** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1551** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1552** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1553** lock outside of this range
1554*/
1555#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1556
1557
1558/*
1559** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1560**
1561** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1562** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1563** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1564** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1565** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1566** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1567**
1568** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1569** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1570** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1571** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1572** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1573** are harmless no-ops.)^
1574**
1575** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1576** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1577** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1578** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1579**
1580** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1581** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1582** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1583** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1584** sqlite3_shutdown().
1585**
1586** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1587** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1588** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1589**
1590** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1591** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1592** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1593** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1594**
1595** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1596** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1597** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1598** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1599** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1600** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1601** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1602** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1603** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1604** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1605** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1606** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1607** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1608** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1609**
1610** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1611** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1612** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1613** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1614** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1615** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1616** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1617**
1618** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1619** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1620** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1621** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1622** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1623** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1624** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1625** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1626** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1627** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1628** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1629** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1630** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1631** failure.
1632*/
1633int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1634int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1635int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1636int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1637
1638/*
1639** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1640**
1641** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1642** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1643** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1644** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1645** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1646**
1647** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1648** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1649** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1650**
1651** The sqlite3_config() interface
1652** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1653** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1654** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1655** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1656** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1657** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1658**
1659** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1660** [configuration option] that determines
1661** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1662** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1663** in the first argument.
1664**
1665** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1666** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1667** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1668*/
1669int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1670
1671/*
1672** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1673** METHOD: sqlite3
1674**
1675** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1676** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1677** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1678** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1679**
1680** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1681** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1682** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1683** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1684**
1685** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1686** the call is considered successful.
1687*/
1688int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1689
1690/*
1691** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1692**
1693** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1694** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1695**
1696** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1697** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1698** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1699** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1700** By creating an instance of this object
1701** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1702** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1703** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1704** dynamic memory needs.
1705**
1706** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1707** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1708** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1709** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1710** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1711** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1712** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1713** conditions.
1714**
1715** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1716** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1717** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1718** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1719**
1720** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1721** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1722** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1723**
1724** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1725** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1726** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1727** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1728** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1729** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1730** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1731**
1732** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1733** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1734** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1735** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1736** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1737** xInit and xShutdown.
1738**
1739** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1740** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1741** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1742** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1743** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1744** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1745** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1746** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1747** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1748** serialization.
1749**
1750** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1751** call to xShutdown().
1752*/
1753typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1754struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1755  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1756  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1757  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1758  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1759  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1760  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1761  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1762  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1763};
1764
1765/*
1766** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1767** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1768**
1769** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1770** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1771**
1772** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1773** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1774** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1775** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1776** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1777** is invoked.
1778**
1779** <dl>
1780** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1781** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1782** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1783** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1784** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1785** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1786** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1787** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1788** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1789** configuration option.</dd>
1790**
1791** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1792** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1793** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1794** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1795** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1796** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1797** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1798** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1799** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1800** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1801** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1802** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1803** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1804**
1805** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1806** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1807** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1808** all mutexes including the recursive
1809** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1810** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1811** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1812** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1813** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1814** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1815** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1816** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1817** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1818** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1819** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1820**
1821** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1822** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1823** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1824** The argument specifies
1825** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1826** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1827** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1828** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1829**
1830** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1831** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1832** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1833** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1834** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1835** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1836** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1837** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1838**
1839** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1840** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1841** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1842** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1843** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1844** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1845** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1846** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1847** </dd>
1848**
1849** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1850** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1851** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1852** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1853** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1854**   <ul>
1855**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1856**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1857**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1858**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1859**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1860**   </ul>)^
1861** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1862** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1863** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1864** </dd>
1865**
1866** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1867** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1868** </dd>
1869**
1870** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1871** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1872** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1873** cache implementation.
1874** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1875** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1876** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1877** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1878** and the number of cache lines (N).
1879** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1880** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1881** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1882** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1883** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1884** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1885** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1886** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1887** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1888** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1889** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1890** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1891** is exhausted.
1892** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1893** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1894** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1895** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1896** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1897** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1898** additional cache line. </dd>
1899**
1900** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1901** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1902** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1903** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1904** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1905** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1906** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1907** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1908** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1909** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1910** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1911** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1912** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1913** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1914** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1915** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1916** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1917** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1918** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1919**
1920** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1921** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1922** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1923** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1924** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1925** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1926** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1927** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1928** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1929** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1930** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1931**
1932** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1933** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1934** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1935** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1936** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1937** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1938** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1939** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1940** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1941** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1942** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1943** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1944**
1945** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1946** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1947** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1948** The first argument is the
1949** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1950** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1951** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1952** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1953** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1954**
1955** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1956** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1957** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1958** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1959** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1960**
1961** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1962** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1963** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1964** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1965**
1966** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1967** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1968** global [error log].
1969** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1970** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1971** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1972** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1973** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1974** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1975** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1976** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1977** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1978** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1979** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1980** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1981** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1982** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1983** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1984** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1985**
1986** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1987** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1988** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1989** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1990** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1991** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1992** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1993** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1994** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1995** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1996** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1997** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1998** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1999**
2000** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
2001** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
2002** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
2003** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
2004** ^The default setting is determined
2005** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
2006** if that compile-time option is omitted.
2007** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
2008** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
2009** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
2010** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
2011** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
2012**
2013** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
2014** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
2015** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
2016** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
2017** </dd>
2018**
2019** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
2020** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
2021** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
2022** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
2023** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
2024** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
2025** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
2026** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
2027** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
2028** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
2029** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
2030** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
2031** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
2032** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
2033** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
2034** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
2035**
2036** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
2037** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
2038** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
2039** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
2040** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
2041** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
2042** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
2043** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
2044** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
2045** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
2046** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
2047** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
2048** changed to its compile-time default.
2049**
2050** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
2051** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
2052** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
2053** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
2054** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
2055** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
2056**
2057** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
2058** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
2059** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
2060** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
2061** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
2062** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
2063** target platform, and SQLite version.
2064**
2065** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
2066** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
2067** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
2068** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
2069** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
2070** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
2071** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
2072** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
2073** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
2074** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
2075**
2076** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
2077** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
2078** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
2079** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
2080** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
2081** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
2082** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
2083** exclusively in memory.
2084** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
2085** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
2086** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2087** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2088** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2089**
2090** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2091** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2092** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2093** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2094** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2095** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2096** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2097** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2098** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2099** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2100** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2101** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2102** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
2103** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2104** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2105**
2106** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2107** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2108** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2109** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2110** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2111** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2112** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2113** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2114** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2115** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2116** </dl>
2117*/
2118#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2119#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2120#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2121#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2122#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2123#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2124#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2125#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2126#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2127#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2128#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2129/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2130#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2131#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2132#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2133#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2134#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2135#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2136#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2137#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2138#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2139#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2140#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2141#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2142#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2143#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2144#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2145#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2146#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2147
2148/*
2149** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2150**
2151** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2152** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2153**
2154** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2155** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2156** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2157** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2158** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2159** is invoked.
2160**
2161** <dl>
2162** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2163** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2164** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2165** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2166** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2167** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2168** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2169** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2170** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2171** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2172** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2173** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2174** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2175** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2176** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2177** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2178** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2179** when the "current value" returned by
2180** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2181** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2182** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2183** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2184**
2185** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2186** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2187** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2188** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2189** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2190** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2191** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2192** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2193** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2194** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2195**
2196** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2197** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2198** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2199** There should be two additional arguments.
2200** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2201** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2202** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2203** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2204** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2205** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2206**
2207** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2208** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2209** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2210** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2211** databases.)^ </dd>
2212**
2213** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2214** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2215** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2216** There should be two additional arguments.
2217** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2218** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2219** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2220** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2221** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2222** which case the view setting is not reported back.
2223**
2224** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
2225** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
2226** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2227** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2228** databases.)^ </dd>
2229**
2230** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2231** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2232** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2233** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2234** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2235** There should be two additional arguments.
2236** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2237** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2238** unchanged.
2239** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2240** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2241** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2242** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2243**
2244** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2245** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2246** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2247** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2248** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2249** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2250** There should be two additional arguments.
2251** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2252** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2253** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2254** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2255** C-API or the SQL function.
2256** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2257** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2258** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2259** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2260** </dd>
2261**
2262** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2263** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2264** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2265** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2266** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2267** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2268** until after the database connection closes.
2269** </dd>
2270**
2271** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2272** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2273** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2274** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2275** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2276** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2277** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2278** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2279** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2280** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2281** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2282** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2283** </dd>
2284**
2285** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2286** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2287** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2288** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2289** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2290** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2291** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2292** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2293** was used during testing in the lab.
2294** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2295** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2296** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2297** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2298** following this call.
2299** </dd>
2300**
2301** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2302** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2303** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2304** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2305** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2306** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2307** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2308** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2309** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2310** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2311** </dd>
2312**
2313** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2314** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2315** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2316** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2317** a badly corrupted database file:
2318** <ol>
2319** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2320**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2321**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2322**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2323**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2324**      the reset.
2325** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2326** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2327** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2328** </ol>
2329** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2330** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2331** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2332**
2333** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2334** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2335** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2336** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2337** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2338** features include but are not limited to the following:
2339** <ul>
2340** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2341** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2342** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2343** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2344** </ul>
2345** </dd>
2346**
2347** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2348** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2349** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2350** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2351** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2352** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2353** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2354** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2355** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2356** </dd>
2357**
2358** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2359** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2360** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2361** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2362** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2363** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2364** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2365** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2366** </dd>
2367**
2368** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2369** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2370** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2371** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2372** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2373** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2374** compile-time option.
2375** </dd>
2376**
2377** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2378** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2379** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2380** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2381** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2382** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2383** compile-time option.
2384** </dd>
2385**
2386** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2387** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
2388** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2389** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2390** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2391** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2392** including:
2393** <ul>
2394** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2395** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2396** partial indexes, or generated columns
2397** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2398** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2399** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2400** </ul>
2401** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2402** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2403** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2404** </dd>
2405**
2406** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2407** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2408** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2409** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2410** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2411** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2412** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2413** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2414** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2415** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2416** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2417** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2418** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2419** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2420** 3.0.0.
2421** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2422** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2423** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2424** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2425** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2426** </dd>
2427** </dl>
2428*/
2429#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2430#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2431#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2432#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2433#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2434#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2435#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2436#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2437#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2438#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2439#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2440#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2441#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2442#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2443#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2444#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2445#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2446#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2447#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2448
2449/*
2450** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2451** METHOD: sqlite3
2452**
2453** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2454** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2455** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2456*/
2457int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2458
2459/*
2460** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2461** METHOD: sqlite3
2462**
2463** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2464** has a unique 64-bit signed
2465** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2466** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2467** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2468** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2469** is another alias for the rowid.
2470**
2471** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2472** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2473** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2474** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2475** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2476** zero.
2477**
2478** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2479** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2480** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2481**
2482** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2483** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2484** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2485** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2486** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2487** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2488** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2489** control to the user.
2490**
2491** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2492** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2493** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2494** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2495**
2496** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2497** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2498** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2499** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2500** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2501** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2502** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2503** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2504** the return value of this interface.)^
2505**
2506** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2507** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2508**
2509** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2510** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2511**
2512** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2513** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2514** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2515** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2516** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2517** last insert [rowid].
2518*/
2519sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2520
2521/*
2522** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2523** METHOD: sqlite3
2524**
2525** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2526** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2527** without inserting a row into the database.
2528*/
2529void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2530
2531/*
2532** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2533** METHOD: sqlite3
2534**
2535** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
2536** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2537** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2538** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
2539** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE
2540** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2541** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
2542** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
2543**
2544** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2545** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2546** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2547**
2548** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2549** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2550** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2551** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2552** tables are counted.
2553**
2554** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2555** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2556** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2557** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2558**
2559** <ul>
2560**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2561**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2562**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2563**
2564**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2565**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2566**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2567**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2568**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2569** </ul>
2570**
2571** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2572** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2573** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2574** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2575** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2576** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2577**
2578** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2579** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2580** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2581**
2582** See also:
2583** <ul>
2584** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2585** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2586** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2587** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2588** </ul>
2589*/
2590int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2591sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);
2592
2593/*
2594** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2595** METHOD: sqlite3
2596**
2597** ^These functions return the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2598** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2599** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2600** part of trigger programs. The two functions are identical except for the
2601** type of the return value and that if the number of rows modified by the
2602** connection exceeds the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2603** the return value of sqlite3_total_changes() is undefined. ^Executing
2604** any other type of SQL statement does not affect the value returned by
2605** sqlite3_total_changes().
2606**
2607** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2608** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2609** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2610** are not counted.
2611**
2612** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2613** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2614** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2615** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2616** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2617** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2618**
2619** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2620** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2621** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2622**
2623** See also:
2624** <ul>
2625** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2626** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2627** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2628** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2629** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2630** </ul>
2631*/
2632int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2633sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_total_changes64(sqlite3*);
2634
2635/*
2636** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2637** METHOD: sqlite3
2638**
2639** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2640** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2641** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2642** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2643** immediately.
2644**
2645** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2646** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2647** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2648** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2649**
2650** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2651** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2652** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2653**
2654** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2655** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2656** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2657** will be rolled back automatically.
2658**
2659** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2660** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2661** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2662** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2663** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2664** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2665** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2666** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2667** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2668** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2669*/
2670void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2671
2672/*
2673** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2674**
2675** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2676** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2677** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2678** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2679** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2680** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2681** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2682** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2683** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2684** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2685** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2686**
2687** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2688** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2689**
2690** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2691** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2692**
2693** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2694** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2695** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2696** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2697** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2698**
2699** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2700** UTF-8 string.
2701**
2702** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2703** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2704*/
2705int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2706int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2707
2708/*
2709** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2710** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2711** METHOD: sqlite3
2712**
2713** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2714** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2715** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2716** [database connection] D when another thread
2717** or process has the table locked.
2718** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2719** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2720**
2721** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2722** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2723** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2724**
2725** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2726** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2727** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2728** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2729** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2730** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2731** to the application.
2732** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2733** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2734**
2735** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2736** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2737** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2738** to the application instead of invoking the
2739** busy handler.
2740** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2741** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2742** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2743** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2744** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2745** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2746** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2747** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2748** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2749** the second process to proceed.
2750**
2751** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2752**
2753** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2754** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2755** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2756** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2757** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2758**
2759** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2760** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2761** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2762** result in undefined behavior.
2763**
2764** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2765** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2766*/
2767int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2768
2769/*
2770** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2771** METHOD: sqlite3
2772**
2773** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2774** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2775** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2776** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2777** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2778** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2779**
2780** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2781** turns off all busy handlers.
2782**
2783** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2784** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2785** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2786** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2787**
2788** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2789*/
2790int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2791
2792/*
2793** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2794** METHOD: sqlite3
2795**
2796** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2797** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2798**
2799** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2800** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2801** complete query results from one or more queries.
2802**
2803** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2804** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2805** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2806** and M be the number of columns.
2807**
2808** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2809** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2810** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2811** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2812** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2813** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2814**
2815** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2816** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2817** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2818**
2819** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2820** is as follows:
2821**
2822** <blockquote><pre>
2823**        Name        | Age
2824**        -----------------------
2825**        Alice       | 43
2826**        Bob         | 28
2827**        Cindy       | 21
2828** </pre></blockquote>
2829**
2830** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2831** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2832** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2833**
2834** <blockquote><pre>
2835**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2836**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2837**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2838**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2839**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2840**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2841**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2842**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2843** </pre></blockquote>)^
2844**
2845** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2846** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2847** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2848** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2849**
2850** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2851** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2852** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2853** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2854** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2855** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2856**
2857** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2858** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2859** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2860** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2861** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2862** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2863** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2864*/
2865int sqlite3_get_table(
2866  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2867  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2868  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2869  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2870  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2871  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2872);
2873void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2874
2875/*
2876** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2877**
2878** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2879** from the standard C library.
2880** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2881** the standard library printf()
2882** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2883** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2884**
2885** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2886** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2887** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2888** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2889** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2890** memory to hold the resulting string.
2891**
2892** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2893** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2894** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2895** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2896** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2897** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2898** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2899** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2900** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2901** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2902** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2903** now without breaking compatibility.
2904**
2905** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2906** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2907** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2908** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2909** written will be n-1 characters.
2910**
2911** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2912**
2913** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2914*/
2915char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2916char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2917char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2918char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2919
2920/*
2921** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2922**
2923** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2924** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2925** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
2926** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2927**
2928** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2929** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2930** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2931** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2932** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2933** a NULL pointer.
2934**
2935** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2936** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2937** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2938**
2939** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2940** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2941** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2942** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2943** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2944** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2945** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2946** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2947** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2948** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2949**
2950** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2951** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2952** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2953** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2954** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2955** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2956** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2957** sqlite3_free(X).
2958** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2959** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2960** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2961** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2962** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2963** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2964** prior allocation is not freed.
2965**
2966** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2967** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2968** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2969**
2970** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2971** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2972** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2973** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2974** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2975** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2976** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2977** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2978** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2979**
2980** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2981** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2982** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2983** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2984** option is used.
2985**
2986** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2987** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2988** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2989** not yet been released.
2990**
2991** The application must not read or write any part of
2992** a block of memory after it has been released using
2993** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2994*/
2995void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2996void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2997void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2998void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2999void sqlite3_free(void*);
3000sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
3001
3002/*
3003** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
3004**
3005** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
3006** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
3007** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
3008**
3009** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
3010** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
3011** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
3012** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
3013** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
3014** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
3015** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
3016** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
3017** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
3018**
3019** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
3020** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
3021** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
3022** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
3023** prior to the reset.
3024*/
3025sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
3026sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
3027
3028/*
3029** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
3030**
3031** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
3032** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
3033** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
3034** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
3035** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
3036**
3037** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
3038** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
3039**
3040** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
3041** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
3042** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
3043** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
3044** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
3045** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
3046** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
3047** method.
3048*/
3049void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
3050
3051/*
3052** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
3053** METHOD: sqlite3
3054** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
3055**
3056** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
3057** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
3058** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
3059** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
3060** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
3061** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
3062** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
3063** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
3064** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
3065** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
3066** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
3067** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
3068** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
3069** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
3070** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
3071** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
3072**
3073** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
3074** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
3075** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
3076** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
3077** access is denied.
3078**
3079** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
3080** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
3081** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
3082** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
3083** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
3084** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
3085** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
3086** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
3087**
3088** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
3089** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
3090** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
3091** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
3092** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
3093** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
3094** columns of a table.
3095** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
3096** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
3097** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
3098** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
3099** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
3100** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
3101** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3102**
3103** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3104** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3105** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3106** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3107** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3108** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3109** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3110** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3111** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3112** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3113**
3114** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3115** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3116** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3117** in addition to using an authorizer.
3118**
3119** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3120** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3121** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3122** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3123**
3124** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3125** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3126** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3127** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3128**
3129** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3130** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3131** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3132** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3133**
3134** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3135** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3136** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3137** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3138** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3139*/
3140int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3141  sqlite3*,
3142  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3143  void *pUserData
3144);
3145
3146/*
3147** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3148**
3149** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3150** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3151** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3152** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3153** information.
3154**
3155** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3156** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3157*/
3158#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3159#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3160
3161/*
3162** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3163**
3164** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3165** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3166** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3167** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3168** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3169**
3170** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3171** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3172** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3173** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3174** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3175** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3176** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3177** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3178** top-level SQL code.
3179*/
3180/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3181#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3182#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3183#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3184#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3185#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3186#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3187#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3188#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3189#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3190#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3191#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3192#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3193#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3194#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3195#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3196#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3197#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3198#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3199#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3200#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3201#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3202#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3203#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3204#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3205#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3206#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3207#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3208#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3209#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3210#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3211#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3212#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3213#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3214#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3215
3216/*
3217** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3218** METHOD: sqlite3
3219**
3220** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3221** instead of the routines described here.
3222**
3223** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3224** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3225**
3226** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3227** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3228** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3229** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3230** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3231** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3232** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3233**
3234** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3235** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3236**
3237** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3238** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3239** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3240** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3241** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3242** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3243** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3244** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3245** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3246** profile callback.
3247*/
3248SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3249   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3250SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3251   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3252
3253/*
3254** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3255** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3256**
3257** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3258** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3259** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3260** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3261** is one of the following constants.
3262**
3263** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3264**
3265** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3266** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3267** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3268** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3269** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3270**
3271** <dl>
3272** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3273** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3274** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3275** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3276** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3277** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3278** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3279** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3280** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3281** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3282** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3283**
3284** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3285** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3286** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3287** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3288** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3289** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3290** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3291**
3292** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3293** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3294** statement generates a single row of result.
3295** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3296** X argument is unused.
3297**
3298** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3299** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3300** connection closes.
3301** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3302** and the X argument is unused.
3303** </dl>
3304*/
3305#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3306#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3307#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3308#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3309
3310/*
3311** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3312** METHOD: sqlite3
3313**
3314** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3315** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3316** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3317** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3318** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3319** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3320**
3321** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3322** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3323**
3324** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3325** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3326** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3327** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3328**
3329** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3330** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3331** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3332** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3333** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3334**
3335** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3336** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3337** are deprecated.
3338*/
3339int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3340  sqlite3*,
3341  unsigned uMask,
3342  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3343  void *pCtx
3344);
3345
3346/*
3347** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3348** METHOD: sqlite3
3349**
3350** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3351** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3352** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3353** database connection D.  An example use for this
3354** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3355**
3356** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3357** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3358** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3359** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3360** handler is disabled.
3361**
3362** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3363** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3364** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3365** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3366** than 1.
3367**
3368** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3369** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3370** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3371**
3372** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3373** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3374** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3375** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3376**
3377*/
3378void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3379
3380/*
3381** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3382** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3383**
3384** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3385** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3386** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3387** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3388** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3389** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3390** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3391** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3392** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3393** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3394** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3395** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3396**
3397** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3398** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3399** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3400**
3401** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3402** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3403** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3404**
3405** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3406** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3407** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3408** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3409** three flag combinations:)^
3410**
3411** <dl>
3412** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3413** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3414** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3415**
3416** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3417** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3418** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3419** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3420**
3421** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3422** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3423** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3424** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3425** </dl>
3426**
3427** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3428** also supported:
3429**
3430** <dl>
3431** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3432** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3433**
3434** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3435** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3436** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3437** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3438** </dd>)^
3439**
3440** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3441** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3442** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3443** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3444** a different [database connection].
3445**
3446** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3447** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3448** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3449** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3450** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3451** there is no harm in trying.)
3452**
3453** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3454** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3455** the default shared cache setting provided by
3456** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3457** The [use of shared cache mode is discouraged] and hence shared cache
3458** capabilities may be omitted from many builds of SQLite.  In such cases,
3459** this option is a no-op.
3460**
3461** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3462** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3463** the default shared cache setting provided by
3464** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3465**
3466** [[OPEN_EXRESCODE]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE]</dt>
3467** <dd>The database connection comes up in "extended result code mode".
3468** In other words, the database behaves has if
3469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(db,1)] where called on the database
3470** connection as soon as the connection is created. In addition to setting
3471** the extended result code mode, this flag also causes [sqlite3_open_v2()]
3472** to return an extended result code.</dd>
3473**
3474** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3475** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to contain a symbolic link</dd>
3476** </dl>)^
3477**
3478** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3479** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3480** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3481** then the behavior is undefined.  Historic versions of SQLite
3482** have silently ignored surplus bits in the flags parameter to
3483** sqlite3_open_v2(), however that behavior might not be carried through
3484** into future versions of SQLite and so applications should not rely
3485** upon it.  Note in particular that the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag is a no-op
3486** for sqlite3_open_v2().  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE does *not* cause
3487** the open to fail if the database already exists.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
3488** flag is intended for use by the [sqlite3_vfs|VFS interface] only, and not
3489** by sqlite3_open_v2().
3490**
3491** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3492** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3493** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3494** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3495**
3496** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3497** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3498** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3499** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3500** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3501** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3502** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3503**
3504** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3505** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3506** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3507**
3508** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3509**
3510** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3511** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3512** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3513** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3514** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3515** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3516** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3517** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3518** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3519** information.
3520**
3521** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3522** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3523** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3524** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3525** present, is ignored.
3526**
3527** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3528** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3529** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3530** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3531** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3532** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3533** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3534**
3535** [[core URI query parameters]]
3536** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3537** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3538** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3539** following query parameters:
3540**
3541** <ul>
3542**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3543**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3544**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3545**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3546**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3547**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3548**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3549**
3550**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3551**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3552**     an error)^.
3553**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3554**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3555**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3556**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3557**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3558**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3559**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3560**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3561**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3562**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3563**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3564**
3565**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3566**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3567**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3568**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3569**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3570**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3571**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3572**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3573**
3574**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3575**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3576**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3577**
3578**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3579**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3580**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3581**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3582**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3583**     processes uses nolock=1.
3584**
3585**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3586**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3587**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3588**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3589**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3590**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3591**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3592**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3593**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3594**
3595** </ul>
3596**
3597** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3598** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3599** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3600** additional information.
3601**
3602** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3603**
3604** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3605** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3606** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3607**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3608** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3609**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3610**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3611**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3612** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3613**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3614** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3615**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3616**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3617**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3618**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3619**          in URI filenames.
3620** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3621**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3622**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3623**          default, use a private cache.
3624** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3625**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3626**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3627** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3628**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3629**          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3630** </table>
3631**
3632** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3633** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3634** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3635** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3636** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3637** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3638** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3639** the results are undefined.
3640**
3641** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3642** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3643** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3644** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3645** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3646**
3647** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3648** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3649** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3650**
3651** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3652*/
3653int sqlite3_open(
3654  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3655  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3656);
3657int sqlite3_open16(
3658  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3659  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3660);
3661int sqlite3_open_v2(
3662  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3663  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3664  int flags,              /* Flags */
3665  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3666);
3667
3668/*
3669** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3670**
3671** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3672** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3673** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3674**
3675** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3676** as F) must be one of:
3677** <ul>
3678** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3679** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
3680** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3681** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3682** </ul>
3683** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3684** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3685** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3686**
3687** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3688** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3689** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3690** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3691** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3692** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3693** a pointer to an empty string.
3694**
3695** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3696** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3697** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3698** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3699** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3700** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3701** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3702** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3703** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3704** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3705**
3706** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3707** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3708** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3709** zero is returned.
3710**
3711** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3712** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3713** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3714** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
3715** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
3716** so forth.
3717**
3718** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3719** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3720** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
3721** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
3722** and probably undesirable.
3723**
3724** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
3725** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
3726** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
3727** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
3728** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
3729** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
3730** main database file.
3731**
3732** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3733*/
3734const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam);
3735int sqlite3_uri_boolean(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3736sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(sqlite3_filename, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3737const char *sqlite3_uri_key(sqlite3_filename z, int N);
3738
3739/*
3740** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
3741**
3742** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
3743** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
3744** and the WAL file.
3745**
3746** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3747** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
3748** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
3749**
3750** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3751** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
3752** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
3753** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
3754**
3755** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3756** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
3757** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
3758** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
3759** WAL file.
3760**
3761** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
3762** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
3763** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
3764** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
3765*/
3766const char *sqlite3_filename_database(sqlite3_filename);
3767const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(sqlite3_filename);
3768const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(sqlite3_filename);
3769
3770/*
3771** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
3772**
3773** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
3774** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
3775** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
3776** object that represents the main database file.
3777**
3778** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
3779** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
3780** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
3781** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
3782** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
3783** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
3784** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
3785** behavior.
3786*/
3787sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
3788
3789/*
3790** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
3791**
3792** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
3793** are not useful outside of that context.
3794**
3795** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
3796** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
3797** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
3798** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
3799** is safe to pass to routines like:
3800** <ul>
3801** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
3802** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
3803** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
3804** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
3805** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
3806** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
3807** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
3808** </ul>
3809** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
3810** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
3811** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3812**
3813** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
3814** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
3815** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
3816** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
3817** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
3818** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
3819** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
3820**
3821** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
3822** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
3823** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3824**
3825** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
3826** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
3827** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
3828** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
3829** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
3830** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
3831** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
3832** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3833*/
3834sqlite3_filename sqlite3_create_filename(
3835  const char *zDatabase,
3836  const char *zJournal,
3837  const char *zWal,
3838  int nParam,
3839  const char **azParam
3840);
3841void sqlite3_free_filename(sqlite3_filename);
3842
3843/*
3844** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3845** METHOD: sqlite3
3846**
3847** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3848** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3849** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3850** API call.
3851** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3852** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3853** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3854** disabled.
3855**
3856** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3857** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3858** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3859** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3860** interfaces include the following:
3861**
3862** <ul>
3863** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3864** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3865** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3866** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3867** <li> sqlite3_error_offset()
3868** </ul>
3869**
3870** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3871** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3872** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3873** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3874** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3875** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3876**
3877** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3878** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3879** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3880** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3881**
3882** ^If the most recent error references a specific token in the input
3883** SQL, the sqlite3_error_offset() interface returns the byte offset
3884** of the start of that token.  ^The byte offset returned by
3885** sqlite3_error_offset() assumes that the input SQL is UTF8.
3886** ^If the most recent error does not reference a specific token in the input
3887** SQL, then the sqlite3_error_offset() function returns -1.
3888**
3889** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3890** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3891** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3892** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3893** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3894** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3895** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3896** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3897** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3898**
3899** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3900** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3901** error code and message may or may not be set.
3902*/
3903int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3904int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3905const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3906const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3907const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3908int sqlite3_error_offset(sqlite3 *db);
3909
3910/*
3911** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3912** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3913**
3914** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3915** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3916**
3917** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3918** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3919** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3920** prepared statement before it can be run.
3921**
3922** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3923**
3924** <ol>
3925** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3926** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3927**      interfaces.
3928** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3929** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3930**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3931** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3932** </ol>
3933*/
3934typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3935
3936/*
3937** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3938** METHOD: sqlite3
3939**
3940** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3941** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3942** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3943** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3944** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3945** new limit for that construct.)^
3946**
3947** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3948** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3949** [limits | hard upper bound]
3950** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3951** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3952** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3953** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3954** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3955**
3956** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3957** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3958** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3959** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3960**
3961** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3962** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3963** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3964** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3965** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3966** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3967** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3968** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3969** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3970** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3971** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3972** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3973**
3974** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3975*/
3976int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3977
3978/*
3979** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3980** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3981**
3982** These constants define various performance limits
3983** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3984** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3985** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3986**
3987** <dl>
3988** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3989** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3990**
3991** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3992** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3993**
3994** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3995** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3996** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3997** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3998**
3999** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
4000** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
4001**
4002** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
4003** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
4004**
4005** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
4006** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
4007** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
4008** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
4009** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
4010**
4011** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
4012** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
4013**
4014** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
4015** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
4016**
4017** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
4018** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
4019** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
4020** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
4021**
4022** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
4023** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
4024** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
4025**
4026** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
4027** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
4028**
4029** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
4030** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
4031** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
4032** </dl>
4033*/
4034#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
4035#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
4036#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
4037#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
4038#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
4039#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
4040#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
4041#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
4042#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
4043#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
4044#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
4045#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
4046
4047/*
4048** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
4049**
4050** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
4051** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
4052** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
4053**
4054** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
4055**
4056** <dl>
4057** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
4058** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
4059** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
4060** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
4061** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
4062** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
4063** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
4064** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
4065** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
4066** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
4067**
4068** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
4069** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
4070** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
4071** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
4072** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
4073** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
4074** flag.
4075**
4076** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
4077** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
4078** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
4079** any virtual tables.
4080** </dl>
4081*/
4082#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
4083#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
4084#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
4085
4086/*
4087** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
4088** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
4089** METHOD: sqlite3
4090** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4091**
4092** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
4093** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
4094** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
4095**
4096** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
4097** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
4098** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
4099** for special purposes.
4100**
4101** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
4102** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
4103** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
4104** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
4105**
4106** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
4107** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
4108** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
4109**
4110** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
4111** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
4112** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
4113** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4114** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
4115**
4116** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
4117** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
4118** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
4119** statement is generated.
4120** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
4121** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
4122** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
4123** the nul-terminator.
4124**
4125** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
4126** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
4127** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
4128** what remains uncompiled.
4129**
4130** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4131** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4132** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4133** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4134** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4135** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4136** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4137**
4138** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4139** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4140**
4141** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4142** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4143** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4144** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4145** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4146** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4147** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4148** behave differently in three ways:
4149**
4150** <ol>
4151** <li>
4152** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4153** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4154** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4155** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4156** </li>
4157**
4158** <li>
4159** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4160** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4161** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4162** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4163** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4164** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4165** </li>
4166**
4167** <li>
4168** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4169** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4170** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4171** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4172** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4173** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4174** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4175** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4176** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4177** </li>
4178** </ol>
4179**
4180** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4181** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4182** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4183** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4184** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4185*/
4186int sqlite3_prepare(
4187  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4188  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4189  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4190  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4191  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4192);
4193int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4194  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4195  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4196  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4197  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4198  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4199);
4200int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4201  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4202  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4203  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4204  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4205  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4206  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4207);
4208int sqlite3_prepare16(
4209  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4210  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4211  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4212  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4213  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4214);
4215int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4216  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4217  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4218  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4219  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4220  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4221);
4222int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4223  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4224  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4225  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4226  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4227  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4228  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4229);
4230
4231/*
4232** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4233** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4234**
4235** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4236** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4237** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4238** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4239** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4240** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4241** [bound parameters] expanded.
4242** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4243** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4244** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4245** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4246** placeholders.
4247**
4248** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4249** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4250** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4251** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4252** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4253**
4254** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4255** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4256** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4257**
4258** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4259** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4260** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4261**
4262** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4263** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4264** statement is finalized.
4265** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4266** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be freed by the application
4267** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4268**
4269** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql() interface is only available if
4270** the [SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE] compile-time option is defined.
4271*/
4272const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4273char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4274#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4275const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4276#endif
4277
4278/*
4279** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4280** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4281**
4282** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4283** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4284** the content of the database file.
4285**
4286** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4287** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4288** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4289** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4290** change the database file through side-effects:
4291**
4292** <blockquote><pre>
4293**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4294** </pre></blockquote>
4295**
4296** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4297** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4298**
4299** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4300** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4301** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4302** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4303** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4304** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4305** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4306** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4307** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4308** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4309** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4310** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4311**
4312** ^This routine returns false if there is any possibility that the
4313** statement might change the database file.  ^A false return does
4314** not guarantee that the statement will change the database file.
4315** ^For example, an UPDATE statement might have a WHERE clause that
4316** makes it a no-op, but the sqlite3_stmt_readonly() result would still
4317** be false.  ^Similarly, a CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS statement is a
4318** read-only no-op if the table already exists, but
4319** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() still returns false for such a statement.
4320**
4321** ^If prepared statement X is an [EXPLAIN] or [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
4322** statement, then sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) returns the same value as
4323** if the EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prefix were omitted.
4324*/
4325int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4326
4327/*
4328** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4329** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4330**
4331** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4332** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4333** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4334** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4335** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4336*/
4337int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4338
4339/*
4340** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4341** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4342**
4343** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4344** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4345** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4346** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4347** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4348** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4349** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4350** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4351**
4352** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4353** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4354** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4355** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4356** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4357*/
4358int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4359
4360/*
4361** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4362** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4363**
4364** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4365** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4366** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4367** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4368**
4369** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4370** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4371** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4372** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4373** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4374** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4375** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4376**
4377** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4378** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4379** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4380** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4381** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4382** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4383** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4384** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4385** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4386** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4387** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4388** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4389**
4390** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4391** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4392** ^The sqlite3_value objects returned by [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()]
4393** are protected.
4394** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4395** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4396** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4397** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4398** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4399** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4400** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4401*/
4402typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4403
4404/*
4405** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4406**
4407** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4408** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4409** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4410** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4411** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4412** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4413** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4414** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4415*/
4416typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4417
4418/*
4419** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4420** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4421** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4422** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4423**
4424** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4425** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4426** templates:
4427**
4428** <ul>
4429** <li>  ?
4430** <li>  ?NNN
4431** <li>  :VVV
4432** <li>  @VVV
4433** <li>  $VVV
4434** </ul>
4435**
4436** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4437** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4438** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4439** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4440**
4441** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4442** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4443** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4444**
4445** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4446** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4447** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4448** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4449** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4450** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4451** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4452** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4453** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4454**
4455** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4456** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4457** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4458** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4459** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4460** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4461** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4462** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4463** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4464** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4465** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4466** otherwise.
4467**
4468** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4469** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4470** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4471** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4472** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4473** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4474** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4475** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4476** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4477**
4478** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4479** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4480** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4481** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4482** is negative, then the length of the string is
4483** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4484** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4485** the behavior is undefined.
4486** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4487** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4488** that parameter must be the byte offset
4489** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4490** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
4491** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4492** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4493** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4494**
4495** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
4496** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
4497** These three options exist:
4498** ^ (1) A destructor to dispose of the BLOB or string after SQLite has finished
4499** with it may be passed. ^It is called to dispose of the BLOB or string even
4500** if the call to the bind API fails, except the destructor is not called if
4501** the third parameter is a NULL pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4502** ^ (2) The special constant, [SQLITE_STATIC], may be passsed to indicate that
4503** the application remains responsible for disposing of the object. ^In this
4504** case, the object and the provided pointer to it must remain valid until
4505** either the prepared statement is finalized or the same SQL parameter is
4506** bound to something else, whichever occurs sooner.
4507** ^ (3) The constant, [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], may be passed to indicate that the
4508** object is to be copied prior to the return from sqlite3_bind_*(). ^The
4509** object and pointer to it must remain valid until then. ^SQLite will then
4510** manage the lifetime of its private copy.
4511**
4512** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4513** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4514** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4515** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4516** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4517** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4518** is undefined.
4519**
4520** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4521** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4522** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4523** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4524** content is later written using
4525** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4526** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4527**
4528** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4529** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4530** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4531** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4532** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4533** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4534** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4535** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4536**
4537** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4538** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4539** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4540** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4541** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4542** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4543**
4544** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4545** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4546**
4547** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4548** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4549** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4550** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4551** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4552** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4553** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4554**
4555** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4556** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4557*/
4558int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4559int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4560                        void(*)(void*));
4561int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4562int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4563int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4564int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4565int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4566int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4567int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4568                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4569int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4570int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4571int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4572int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4573
4574/*
4575** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4576** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4577**
4578** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4579** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4580** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4581** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4582** to the parameters at a later time.
4583**
4584** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4585** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4586** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4587** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4588**
4589** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4590** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4591** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4592*/
4593int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4594
4595/*
4596** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4597** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4598**
4599** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4600** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4601** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4602** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4603** respectively.
4604** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4605** is included as part of the name.)^
4606** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4607** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4608**
4609** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4610**
4611** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4612** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4613** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4614** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4615** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4616**
4617** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4618** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4619** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4620*/
4621const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4622
4623/*
4624** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4625** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4626**
4627** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4628** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4629** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4630** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4631** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4632** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4633** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4634**
4635** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4636** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4637** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4638*/
4639int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4640
4641/*
4642** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4643** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4644**
4645** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4646** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4647** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4648*/
4649int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4650
4651/*
4652** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4653** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4654**
4655** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4656** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4657** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4658** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4659** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4660** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4661** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4662**
4663** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4664*/
4665int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4666
4667/*
4668** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4669** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4670**
4671** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4672** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4673** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4674** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4675** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4676** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4677** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4678**
4679** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4680** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4681** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4682** or until the next call to
4683** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4684**
4685** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4686** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4687** NULL pointer is returned.
4688**
4689** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4690** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4691** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4692** one release of SQLite to the next.
4693*/
4694const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4695const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4696
4697/*
4698** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4699** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4700**
4701** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4702** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4703** [SELECT] statement.
4704** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4705** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4706** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4707** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4708** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4709** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4710** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4711** or until the same information is requested
4712** again in a different encoding.
4713**
4714** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4715** database, table, and column.
4716**
4717** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4718** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4719** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4720** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4721**
4722** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4723** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4724** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4725** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4726** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4727**
4728** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4729** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4730**
4731** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4732** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4733**
4734** If two or more threads call one or more
4735** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4736** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4737** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4738*/
4739const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4740const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4741const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4742const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4743const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4744const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4745
4746/*
4747** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4748** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4749**
4750** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4751** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4752** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4753** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4754** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4755** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4756** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4757**
4758** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4759**
4760** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4761**
4762** and the following statement to be compiled:
4763**
4764** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4765**
4766** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4767** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4768**
4769** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4770** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4771** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4772** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4773** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4774** used to hold those values.
4775*/
4776const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4777const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4778
4779/*
4780** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4781** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4782**
4783** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4784** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4785** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4786** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4787** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4788**
4789** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4790** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4791** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4792** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4793** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4794** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4795** interface will continue to be supported.
4796**
4797** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4798** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4799** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4800** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4801**
4802** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4803** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4804** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4805** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4806** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4807** continuing.
4808**
4809** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4810** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4811** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4812** machine back to its initial state.
4813**
4814** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4815** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4816** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4817** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4818**
4819** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4820** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4821** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4822** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4823** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4824** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4825** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4826** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4827**
4828** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4829** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4830** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4831** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4832** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4833** more threads at the same moment in time.
4834**
4835** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4836** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4837** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4838** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4839** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4840** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4841** sqlite3_step() began
4842** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4843** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4844** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4845** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4846** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4847**
4848** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4849** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4850** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4851** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4852** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4853** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4854** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4855** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4856** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4857** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4858** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4859** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4860*/
4861int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4862
4863/*
4864** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4865** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4866**
4867** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4868** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4869** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4870** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4871** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4872** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4873** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4874** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4875** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4876** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4877** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4878** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4879**
4880** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4881*/
4882int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4883
4884/*
4885** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4886** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4887**
4888** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4889**
4890** <ul>
4891** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4892** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4893** <li> string
4894** <li> BLOB
4895** <li> NULL
4896** </ul>)^
4897**
4898** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4899**
4900** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4901** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4902** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4903** SQLITE_TEXT.
4904*/
4905#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4906#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4907#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4908#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4909#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4910# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4911#else
4912# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4913#endif
4914#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4915
4916/*
4917** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4918** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4919** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4920**
4921** <b>Summary:</b>
4922** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4923** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4924** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4925** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4926** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4927** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4928** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4929** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4930** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4931** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4932** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4933** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4934** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4935** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4936** TEXT in bytes
4937** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4938** datatype of the result
4939** </table></blockquote>
4940**
4941** <b>Details:</b>
4942**
4943** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4944** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4945** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4946** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4947** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4948** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4949** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4950** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4951**
4952** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4953** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4954** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4955** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4956** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4957** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4958** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4959** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4960** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4961** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4962** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4963**
4964** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4965** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4966** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4967** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4968** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4969**
4970** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4971** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4972** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4973** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4974** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4975** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4976** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4977** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4978** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4979** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4980** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4981** following a type conversion.
4982**
4983** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4984** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4985** of that BLOB or string.
4986**
4987** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4988** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4989** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4990** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4991** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4992** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4993** the number of bytes in that string.
4994** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4995**
4996** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4997** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4998** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4999** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
5000** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
5001** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
5002** the number of bytes in that string.
5003** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
5004**
5005** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
5006** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
5007** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
5008** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
5009** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
5010**
5011** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
5012** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
5013** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
5014**
5015** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text16() always have the endianness
5016** which is native to the platform, regardless of the text encoding set
5017** for the database.
5018**
5019** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
5020** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
5021** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
5022** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
5023** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
5024** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
5025** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5026** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
5027** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
5028** is normally only useful within the implementation of
5029** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
5030** top-level application code.
5031**
5032** These routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
5033** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
5034** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
5035** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
5036** that are applied:
5037**
5038** <blockquote>
5039** <table border="1">
5040** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
5041**
5042** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
5043** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
5044** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5045** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5046** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
5047** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
5048** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
5049** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5050** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
5051** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
5052** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5053** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5054** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
5055** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5056** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5057** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> [CAST] to TEXT, ensure zero terminator
5058** </table>
5059** </blockquote>)^
5060**
5061** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
5062** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
5063** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
5064** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
5065** in the following cases:
5066**
5067** <ul>
5068** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
5069**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
5070**      need to be added to the string.</li>
5071** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
5072**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
5073**      to UTF-16.</li>
5074** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5075**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
5076**      to UTF-8.</li>
5077** </ul>
5078**
5079** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
5080** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
5081** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
5082** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
5083** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
5084**
5085** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
5086** in one of the following ways:
5087**
5088** <ul>
5089**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5090**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5091**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
5092** </ul>
5093**
5094** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
5095** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
5096** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5097** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
5098** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
5099** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
5100** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
5101**
5102** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
5103** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
5104** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
5105** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
5106** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
5107** [sqlite3_free()].
5108**
5109** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
5110** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5111** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5112** errors:
5113**
5114** <ul>
5115** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
5116** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
5117** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
5118** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
5119** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
5120** </ul>
5121**
5122** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5123** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5124** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5125** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5126** return value is obtained and before any
5127** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5128*/
5129const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5130double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5131int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5132sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5133const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5134const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5135sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5136int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5137int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5138int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5139
5140/*
5141** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
5142** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
5143**
5144** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
5145** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
5146** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
5147** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
5148** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
5149** [extended error code].
5150**
5151** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
5152** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
5153** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
5154** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
5155** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
5156** completed execution.
5157**
5158** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5159**
5160** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5161** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5162** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5163** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5164** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5165*/
5166int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5167
5168/*
5169** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5170** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5171**
5172** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5173** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5174** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5175** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5176** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5177**
5178** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5179** back to the beginning of its program.
5180**
5181** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5182** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
5183** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
5184** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
5185**
5186** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5187** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5188** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5189**
5190** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5191** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5192*/
5193int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5194
5195/*
5196** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5197** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5198** METHOD: sqlite3
5199**
5200** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5201** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5202** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5203** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5204** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5205** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5206** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5207** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5208** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5209**
5210** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5211** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5212** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5213** to each database connection separately.
5214**
5215** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5216** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5217** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5218** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5219** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5220** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5221**
5222** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5223** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5224** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5225** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5226** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5227** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5228** undefined.
5229**
5230** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5231** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5232** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5233** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5234** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5235** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5236** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5237** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5238** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5239** each encoding.
5240** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5241** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5242**
5243** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5244** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5245** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5246** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5247** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5248** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5249** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5250**
5251** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5252** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5253** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5254** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5255**
5256** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5257** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5258** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5259** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
5260** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5261** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5262** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5263** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5264** the database file is opened and read.
5265**
5266** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5267** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5268**
5269** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5270** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5271** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5272** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5273** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5274** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5275** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5276** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5277** callbacks.
5278**
5279** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5280** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5281** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5282** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5283** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5284** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5285** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5286** of aggregate window functions are
5287** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5288**
5289** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5290** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
5291** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5292** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5293** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5294** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5295** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5296** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5297**
5298** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5299** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5300** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5301** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5302** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5303** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5304** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5305** matches the database encoding is a better
5306** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5307** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5308** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5309** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5310**
5311** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5312**
5313** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5314** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5315** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5316** statement in which the function is running.
5317*/
5318int sqlite3_create_function(
5319  sqlite3 *db,
5320  const char *zFunctionName,
5321  int nArg,
5322  int eTextRep,
5323  void *pApp,
5324  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5325  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5326  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5327);
5328int sqlite3_create_function16(
5329  sqlite3 *db,
5330  const void *zFunctionName,
5331  int nArg,
5332  int eTextRep,
5333  void *pApp,
5334  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5335  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5336  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5337);
5338int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5339  sqlite3 *db,
5340  const char *zFunctionName,
5341  int nArg,
5342  int eTextRep,
5343  void *pApp,
5344  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5345  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5346  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5347  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5348);
5349int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5350  sqlite3 *db,
5351  const char *zFunctionName,
5352  int nArg,
5353  int eTextRep,
5354  void *pApp,
5355  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5356  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5357  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5358  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5359  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5360);
5361
5362/*
5363** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5364**
5365** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5366** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5367*/
5368#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5369#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5370#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5371#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5372#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5373#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5374
5375/*
5376** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5377**
5378** These constants may be ORed together with the
5379** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5380** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5381** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5382**
5383** <dl>
5384** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5385** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5386** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5387** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5388** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5389** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5390** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5391** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5392** out of inner loops.
5393** </dd>
5394**
5395** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5396** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5397** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5398** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5399** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5400** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
5401** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
5402** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
5403** information.
5404** </dd>
5405**
5406** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5407** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5408** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5409** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5410** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5411** innocuous function.
5412** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5413** side effects.
5414** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5415** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5416** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5417** <p>Some heightened security settings
5418** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5419** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5420** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5421** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5422** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5423** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5424** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5425** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5426** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5427** </dd>
5428**
5429** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5430** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5431** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5432** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5433** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5434** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5435** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5436** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5437** </dd>
5438** </dl>
5439*/
5440#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5441#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5442#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5443#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5444
5445/*
5446** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5447** DEPRECATED
5448**
5449** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5450** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5451** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5452** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5453** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5454*/
5455#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5456SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5457SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5458SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5459SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5460SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5461SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5462                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5463#endif
5464
5465/*
5466** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5467** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5468**
5469** <b>Summary:</b>
5470** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5471** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5472** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5473** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5474** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5475** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5476** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5477** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5478** the native byteorder
5479** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5480** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5481** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5482** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5483** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5484** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5485** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5486** TEXT in bytes
5487** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5488** datatype of the value
5489** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5490** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5491** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5492** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5493** against a virtual table.
5494** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5495** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5496** </table></blockquote>
5497**
5498** <b>Details:</b>
5499**
5500** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5501** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5502** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5503** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5504**
5505** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5506** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5507** is not threadsafe.
5508**
5509** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5510** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5511** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5512**
5513** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5514** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5515** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5516** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5517**
5518** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5519** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5520** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5521** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5522** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5523** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5524**
5525** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5526** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5527** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5528** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5529** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5530** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5531** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5532** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5533** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5534** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5535**
5536** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5537** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5538** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5539** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5540** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5541** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5542** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5543**
5544** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
5545** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current encoding
5546** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
5547** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
5548** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
5549** sqlite3_value_text(X), sqlite3_value_text16(X), sqlite3_value_text16be(X),
5550** sqlite3_value_text16le(X), sqlite3_value_bytes(X), or
5551** sqlite3_value_bytes16(X) might change the encoding of the value X and
5552** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
5553**
5554** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5555** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5556** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5557** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5558** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5559** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5560** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5561** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5562** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5563** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5564** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5565** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5566**
5567** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5568** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5569** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5570** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5571**
5572** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5573** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5574** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5575** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5576** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5577**
5578** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5579** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5580**
5581** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5582** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5583** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5584** errors:
5585**
5586** <ul>
5587** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5588** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5589** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5590** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5591** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5592** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5593** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5594** </ul>
5595**
5596** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5597** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5598** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5599** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5600** return value is obtained and before any
5601** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5602*/
5603const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5604double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5605int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5606sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5607void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5608const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5609const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5610const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5611const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5612int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5613int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5614int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5615int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5616int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5617int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5618int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);
5619
5620/*
5621** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5622** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5623**
5624** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5625** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5626** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5627** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5628** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5629*/
5630unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5631
5632/*
5633** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5634** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5635**
5636** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5637** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5638** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5639** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5640** memory allocation fails. ^If V is a [pointer value], then the result
5641** of sqlite3_value_dup(V) is a NULL value.
5642**
5643** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5644** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5645** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5646*/
5647sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5648void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5649
5650/*
5651** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5652** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5653**
5654** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5655** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5656**
5657** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5658** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5659** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5660** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5661** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5662** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5663** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5664** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5665** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5666** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5667** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5668** first time from within xFinal().)^
5669**
5670** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5671** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5672** allocation error occurs.
5673**
5674** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5675** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5676** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5677** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5678** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5679** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5680** pointless memory allocations occur.
5681**
5682** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5683** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5684**
5685** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5686** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5687** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5688** function.
5689**
5690** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5691** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5692*/
5693void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5694
5695/*
5696** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5697** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5698**
5699** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5700** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5701** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5702** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5703** registered the application defined function.
5704**
5705** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5706** the application-defined function is running.
5707*/
5708void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5709
5710/*
5711** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5712** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5713**
5714** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5715** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5716** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5717** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5718** registered the application defined function.
5719*/
5720sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5721
5722/*
5723** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5724** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5725**
5726** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5727** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5728** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5729** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5730** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5731** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5732** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5733** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5734** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5735** invocations of the same function.
5736**
5737** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5738** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5739** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5740** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5741** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5742** returns a NULL pointer.
5743**
5744** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5745** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5746** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5747** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5748** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5749** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5750** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5751** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5752** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5753** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5754** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5755**      SQL statement)^, or
5756** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5757**       parameter)^, or
5758** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5759**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5760**
5761** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5762** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5763** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5764** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5765** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5766** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5767**
5768** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5769** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5770** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5771**
5772** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5773** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5774** kinds of function caching behavior.
5775**
5776** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5777** the SQL function is running.
5778*/
5779void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5780void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5781
5782
5783/*
5784** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5785**
5786** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5787** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5788** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5789** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5790** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5791** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5792** the content before returning.
5793**
5794** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5795** C++ compilers.
5796*/
5797typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5798#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5799#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5800
5801/*
5802** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5803** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5804**
5805** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5806** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5807** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5808** for additional information.
5809**
5810** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5811** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5812** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5813**
5814** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5815** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5816** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5817** third parameter.
5818**
5819** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5820** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5821** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5822**
5823** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5824** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5825** by its 2nd argument.
5826**
5827** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5828** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5829** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5830** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5831** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5832** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5833** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
5834** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
5835** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5836** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5837** message all text up through the first zero character.
5838** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5839** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5840** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5841** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5842** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5843** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5844** modify the text after they return without harm.
5845** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5846** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5847** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5848** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5849**
5850** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5851** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5852**
5853** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5854** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5855**
5856** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5857** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5858** value given in the 2nd argument.
5859** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5860** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5861** value given in the 2nd argument.
5862**
5863** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5864** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5865**
5866** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5867** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5868** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5869** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5870** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5871** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5872** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5873** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5874** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5875** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5876** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5877** ^If the 3rd parameter to any of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5878** other than sqlite3_result_text64() is negative, then SQLite computes
5879** the string length itself by searching the 2nd parameter for the first
5880** zero character.
5881** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5882** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5883** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5884** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5885** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5886** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5887** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5888** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5889** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5890** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5891** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5892** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5893** finished using that result.
5894** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5895** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5896** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5897** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5898** when it has finished using that result.
5899** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5900** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5901** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5902** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5903**
5904** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5905** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
5906** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
5907** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
5908** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
5909** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
5910** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
5911** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
5912** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
5913** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
5914** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
5915** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
5916**
5917** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
5918** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5919** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
5920** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
5921** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
5922**
5923** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5924** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5925** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5926** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5927** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5928** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5929** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5930** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5931** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5932**
5933** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5934** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5935** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5936** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5937** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5938** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5939** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5940** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5941** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5942** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5943**
5944** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5945** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5946** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5947*/
5948void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5949void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5950                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5951void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5952void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5953void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5954void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5955void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5956void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5957void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5958void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5959void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5960void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5961void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5962                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5963void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5964void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5965void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5966void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5967void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5968void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5969int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5970
5971
5972/*
5973** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5974** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5975**
5976** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5977** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5978** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5979** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5980** higher order bits are discarded.
5981** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5982** in future releases of SQLite.
5983*/
5984void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5985
5986/*
5987** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5988** METHOD: sqlite3
5989**
5990** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5991** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5992**
5993** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5994** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5995** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5996** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5997** considered to be the same name.
5998**
5999** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
6000** <ul>
6001** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
6002** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
6003** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6004** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
6005** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
6006** </ul>)^
6007** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
6008** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
6009** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
6010** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
6011** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
6012** on an even byte address.
6013**
6014** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
6015** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
6016**
6017** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
6018** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
6019** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
6020** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
6021** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
6022** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
6023** that collation is no longer usable.
6024**
6025** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
6026** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
6027** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
6028** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
6029** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
6030** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
6031** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
6032** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
6033** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
6034** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
6035** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
6036** strings A, B, and C:
6037**
6038** <ol>
6039** <li> If A==B then B==A.
6040** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
6041** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
6042** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
6043** </ol>
6044**
6045** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
6046** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
6047** is undefined.
6048**
6049** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
6050** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
6051** the collating function is deleted.
6052** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
6053** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
6054** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
6055**
6056** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
6057** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
6058** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
6059** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
6060** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
6061** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
6062** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
6063** compatibility.
6064**
6065** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
6066*/
6067int sqlite3_create_collation(
6068  sqlite3*,
6069  const char *zName,
6070  int eTextRep,
6071  void *pArg,
6072  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6073);
6074int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
6075  sqlite3*,
6076  const char *zName,
6077  int eTextRep,
6078  void *pArg,
6079  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
6080  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
6081);
6082int sqlite3_create_collation16(
6083  sqlite3*,
6084  const void *zName,
6085  int eTextRep,
6086  void *pArg,
6087  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6088);
6089
6090/*
6091** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
6092** METHOD: sqlite3
6093**
6094** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
6095** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
6096** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
6097** sequence is required.
6098**
6099** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
6100** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
6101** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
6102** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
6103** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
6104**
6105** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
6106** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
6107** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
6108** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6109** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
6110** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
6111** required collation sequence.)^
6112**
6113** The callback function should register the desired collation using
6114** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
6115** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
6116*/
6117int sqlite3_collation_needed(
6118  sqlite3*,
6119  void*,
6120  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
6121);
6122int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
6123  sqlite3*,
6124  void*,
6125  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
6126);
6127
6128#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
6129/*
6130** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
6131** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
6132*/
6133void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
6134  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
6135);
6136#endif
6137
6138/*
6139** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
6140**
6141** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
6142** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
6143**
6144** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
6145** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
6146** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
6147** requested from the operating system is returned.
6148**
6149** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
6150** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
6151** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
6152** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
6153** in the previous paragraphs.
6154*/
6155int sqlite3_sleep(int);
6156
6157/*
6158** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
6159**
6160** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6161** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
6162** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
6163** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
6164** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
6165** temporary file directory.
6166**
6167** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
6168** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6169** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6170** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6171** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6172** be avoided in new projects.
6173**
6174** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6175** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6176** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6177** thread.
6178** It is intended that this variable be set once
6179** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6180** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6181** thereafter.
6182**
6183** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6184** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6185** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6186** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6187** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6188** using [sqlite3_free].
6189** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6190** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6191** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6192** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6193** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6194** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6195** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6196** objects have been destroyed.
6197**
6198** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6199** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6200** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6201** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6202**
6203** <blockquote><pre>
6204** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6205** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6206** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6207** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6208** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6209** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6210** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6211** </pre></blockquote>
6212*/
6213SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6214
6215/*
6216** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6217**
6218** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6219** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6220** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6221** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6222** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6223** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6224** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6225** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6226** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6227**
6228** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6229** open can result in a corrupt database.
6230**
6231** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6232** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6233** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6234** thread.
6235** It is intended that this variable be set once
6236** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6237** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6238** thereafter.
6239**
6240** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6241** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6242** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6243** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6244** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6245** using [sqlite3_free].
6246** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6247** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6248** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6249*/
6250SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6251
6252/*
6253** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6254**
6255** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6256** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6257** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6258** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6259** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6260** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6261** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6262** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6263** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6264** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6265** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6266** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6267** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6268** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6269** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6270*/
6271int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6272  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6273  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6274);
6275int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6276int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6277
6278/*
6279** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6280**
6281** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6282** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6283*/
6284#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6285#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6286
6287/*
6288** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6289** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6290** METHOD: sqlite3
6291**
6292** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6293** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6294** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6295** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6296** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6297**
6298** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6299** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6300** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6301** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6302** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6303** an error is to use this function.
6304**
6305** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6306** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6307** is undefined.
6308*/
6309int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6310
6311/*
6312** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6313** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6314**
6315** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6316** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6317** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6318** that was the first argument
6319** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6320** create the statement in the first place.
6321*/
6322sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6323
6324/*
6325** CAPI3REF: Return The Schema Name For A Database Connection
6326** METHOD: sqlite3
6327**
6328** ^The sqlite3_db_name(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the schema name
6329** for the N-th database on database connection D, or a NULL pointer of N is
6330** out of range.  An N value of 0 means the main database file.  An N of 1 is
6331** the "temp" schema.  Larger values of N correspond to various ATTACH-ed
6332** databases.
6333**
6334** Space to hold the string that is returned by sqlite3_db_name() is managed
6335** by SQLite itself.  The string might be deallocated by any operation that
6336** changes the schema, including [ATTACH] or [DETACH] or calls to
6337** [sqlite3_serialize()] or [sqlite3_deserialize()], even operations that
6338** occur on a different thread.  Applications that need to
6339** remember the string long-term should make their own copy.  Applications that
6340** are accessing the same database connection simultaneously on multiple
6341** threads should mutex-protect calls to this API and should make their own
6342** private copy of the result prior to releasing the mutex.
6343*/
6344const char *sqlite3_db_name(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6345
6346/*
6347** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6348** METHOD: sqlite3
6349**
6350** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6351** associated with database N of connection D.
6352** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6353** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6354** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6355**
6356** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6357** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6358** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6359**
6360** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6361** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6362** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6363** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6364**
6365** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6366** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6367** <ul>
6368** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6369** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6370** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6371** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6372** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6373** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6374** </ul>
6375*/
6376sqlite3_filename sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6377
6378/*
6379** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6380** METHOD: sqlite3
6381**
6382** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6383** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6384** the name of a database on connection D.
6385*/
6386int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6387
6388/*
6389** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6390** METHOD: sqlite3
6391**
6392** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6393** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6394** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6395** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6396** <ol>
6397** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6398** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6399** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6400** </ol>
6401** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6402** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6403*/
6404int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6405
6406/*
6407** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
6408** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6409**
6410** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6411** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6412** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6413** in [database connection] D.
6414**
6415** <dl>
6416** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6417** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6418** pending.</dd>
6419**
6420** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6421** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6422** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6423** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6424** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6425** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6426** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6427** [COMMIT].</dd>
6428**
6429** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6430** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6431** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6432** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6433** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6434*/
6435#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6436#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6437#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6438
6439/*
6440** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6441** METHOD: sqlite3
6442**
6443** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6444** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6445** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6446** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6447** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6448**
6449** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6450** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6451** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6452*/
6453sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6454
6455/*
6456** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6457** METHOD: sqlite3
6458**
6459** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6460** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6461** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6462** for the same database connection is overridden.
6463** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6464** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6465** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6466** for the same database connection is overridden.
6467** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6468** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6469** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6470**
6471** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6472** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6473** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6474** the first call for each function on D.
6475**
6476** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6477** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6478** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6479** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6480** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6481** or rollback hook in the first place.
6482** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6483** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6484** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6485**
6486** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6487**
6488** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6489** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6490** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6491** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6492** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6493**
6494** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6495** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6496** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6497** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6498** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6499**
6500** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6501*/
6502void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6503void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6504
6505/*
6506** CAPI3REF: Autovacuum Compaction Amount Callback
6507** METHOD: sqlite3
6508**
6509** ^The sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) interface registers a callback
6510** function C that is invoked prior to each autovacuum of the database
6511** file.  ^The callback is passed a copy of the generic data pointer (P),
6512** the schema-name of the attached database that is being autovacuumed,
6513** the size of the database file in pages, the number of free pages,
6514** and the number of bytes per page, respectively.  The callback should
6515** return the number of free pages that should be removed by the
6516** autovacuum.  ^If the callback returns zero, then no autovacuum happens.
6517** ^If the value returned is greater than or equal to the number of
6518** free pages, then a complete autovacuum happens.
6519**
6520** <p>^If there are multiple ATTACH-ed database files that are being
6521** modified as part of a transaction commit, then the autovacuum pages
6522** callback is invoked separately for each file.
6523**
6524** <p><b>The callback is not reentrant.</b> The callback function should
6525** not attempt to invoke any other SQLite interface.  If it does, bad
6526** things may happen, including segmentation faults and corrupt database
6527** files.  The callback function should be a simple function that
6528** does some arithmetic on its input parameters and returns a result.
6529**
6530** ^The X parameter to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is an optional
6531** destructor for the P parameter.  ^If X is not NULL, then X(P) is
6532** invoked whenever the database connection closes or when the callback
6533** is overwritten by another invocation of sqlite3_autovacuum_pages().
6534**
6535** <p>^There is only one autovacuum pages callback per database connection.
6536** ^Each call to the sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() interface overrides all
6537** previous invocations for that database connection.  ^If the callback
6538** argument (C) to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is a NULL pointer,
6539** then the autovacuum steps callback is cancelled.  The return value
6540** from sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() is normally SQLITE_OK, but might
6541** be some other error code if something goes wrong.  The current
6542** implementation will only return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_MISUSE, but other
6543** return codes might be added in future releases.
6544**
6545** <p>If no autovacuum pages callback is specified (the usual case) or
6546** a NULL pointer is provided for the callback,
6547** then the default behavior is to vacuum all free pages.  So, in other
6548** words, the default behavior is the same as if the callback function
6549** were something like this:
6550**
6551** <blockquote><pre>
6552** &nbsp;   unsigned int demonstration_autovac_pages_callback(
6553** &nbsp;     void *pClientData,
6554** &nbsp;     const char *zSchema,
6555** &nbsp;     unsigned int nDbPage,
6556** &nbsp;     unsigned int nFreePage,
6557** &nbsp;     unsigned int nBytePerPage
6558** &nbsp;   ){
6559** &nbsp;     return nFreePage;
6560** &nbsp;   }
6561** </pre></blockquote>
6562*/
6563int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
6564  sqlite3 *db,
6565  unsigned int(*)(void*,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
6566  void*,
6567  void(*)(void*)
6568);
6569
6570
6571/*
6572** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6573** METHOD: sqlite3
6574**
6575** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6576** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6577** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6578** a [rowid table].
6579** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6580** for the same database connection is overridden.
6581**
6582** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6583** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6584** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6585** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6586** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6587** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6588** to be invoked.
6589** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6590** database and table name containing the affected row.
6591** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6592** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6593**
6594** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6595** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
6596** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6597**
6598** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6599** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6600** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6601** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6602** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6603** release of SQLite.
6604**
6605** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6606** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6607** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6608** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6609** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6610** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6611**
6612** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6613** returns the P argument from the previous call
6614** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6615** the first call on D.
6616**
6617** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6618** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6619*/
6620void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6621  sqlite3*,
6622  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6623  void*
6624);
6625
6626/*
6627** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6628**
6629** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6630** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6631** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6632** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6633**
6634** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with
6635** [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE].  The [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE]
6636** compile-time option is recommended because the
6637** [use of shared cache mode is discouraged].
6638**
6639** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6640** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6641** In prior versions of SQLite,
6642** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6643**
6644** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6645** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6646** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6647** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6648**
6649** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6650** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6651**
6652** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6653** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6654** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6655** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6656** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6657** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6658** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6659**
6660** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6661** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6662** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6663** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6664**
6665** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6666** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6667**
6668** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6669*/
6670int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6671
6672/*
6673** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6674**
6675** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6676** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6677** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6678** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6679** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6680** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6681** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6682** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6683**
6684** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6685*/
6686int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6687
6688/*
6689** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6690** METHOD: sqlite3
6691**
6692** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6693** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6694** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6695** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6696** omitted.
6697**
6698** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6699*/
6700int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6701
6702/*
6703** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6704**
6705** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6706** by all database connections within a single process.
6707**
6708** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6709** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6710** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6711** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6712** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6713** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6714** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6715** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6716** is advisory only.
6717**
6718** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6719** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6720** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6721** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6722** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6723**
6724** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6725** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6726** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6727** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6728** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6729** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6730** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6731**
6732** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6733**
6734** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6735** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6736** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6737** the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6738** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6739** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6740** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6741** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6742** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6743** hard heap limit.
6744**
6745** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6746** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6747**
6748** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6749** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6750**
6751** <ul>
6752** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6753** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6754**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6755**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6756** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6757**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6758** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6759**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6760**      from the heap.
6761** </ul>)^
6762**
6763** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6764** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6765*/
6766sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6767sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6768
6769/*
6770** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6771** DEPRECATED
6772**
6773** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6774** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6775** only.  All new applications should use the
6776** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6777*/
6778SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6779
6780
6781/*
6782** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6783** METHOD: sqlite3
6784**
6785** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6786** information about column C of table T in database D
6787** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6788** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6789** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6790** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6791** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6792** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6793** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6794** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6795** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6796** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6797** undefined behavior.
6798**
6799** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6800** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6801** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6802** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6803** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6804** resolve unqualified table references.
6805**
6806** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6807** name of the desired column, respectively.
6808**
6809** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6810** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6811** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6812**
6813** ^(<blockquote>
6814** <table border="1">
6815** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6816**
6817** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6818** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6819** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6820** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6821** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6822** </table>
6823** </blockquote>)^
6824**
6825** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6826** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6827** call to any SQLite API function.
6828**
6829** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6830**
6831** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6832** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6833** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6834** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6835** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6836** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6837**
6838** <pre>
6839**     data type: "INTEGER"
6840**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6841**     not null: 0
6842**     primary key: 1
6843**     auto increment: 0
6844** </pre>)^
6845**
6846** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6847** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6848** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6849*/
6850int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6851  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6852  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6853  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6854  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6855  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6856  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6857  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6858  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6859  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6860);
6861
6862/*
6863** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6864** METHOD: sqlite3
6865**
6866** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6867**
6868** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6869** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6870** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6871** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6872** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6873** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6874** be tried also.
6875**
6876** ^The entry point is zProc.
6877** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6878** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6879** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6880** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6881** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6882** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6883** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6884** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6885** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6886** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6887** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6888** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6889** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6890**
6891** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6892** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6893** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6894** prior to calling this API,
6895** otherwise an error will be returned.
6896**
6897** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6898** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6899** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6900** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6901** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6902** access to extension loading capabilities.
6903**
6904** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6905*/
6906int sqlite3_load_extension(
6907  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6908  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6909  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6910  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6911);
6912
6913/*
6914** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6915** METHOD: sqlite3
6916**
6917** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6918** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6919** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6920** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6921**
6922** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6923** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6924** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6925** it back off again.
6926**
6927** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6928** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6929** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6930** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6931**
6932** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6933** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6934** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6935** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6936** access to extension loading capabilities.
6937*/
6938int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6939
6940/*
6941** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6942**
6943** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6944** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6945** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6946** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6947**
6948** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6949** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6950** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6951** entry point where as follows:
6952**
6953** <blockquote><pre>
6954** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6955** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6956** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6957** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6958** &nbsp;  );
6959** </pre></blockquote>)^
6960**
6961** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6962** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6963** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6964** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6965** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6966** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6967** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6968**
6969** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6970** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6971** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6972**
6973** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6974** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6975*/
6976int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6977
6978/*
6979** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6980**
6981** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6982** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6983** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6984** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6985** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6986** routines.
6987*/
6988int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6989
6990/*
6991** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6992**
6993** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6994** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6995*/
6996void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6997
6998/*
6999** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
7000** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
7001** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
7002**
7003** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
7004** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
7005*/
7006
7007/*
7008** Structures used by the virtual table interface
7009*/
7010typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
7011typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
7012typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
7013typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
7014
7015/*
7016** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
7017** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
7018**
7019** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
7020** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
7021** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
7022**
7023** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
7024** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
7025** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
7026** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
7027** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
7028** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
7029** any database connection.
7030*/
7031struct sqlite3_module {
7032  int iVersion;
7033  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7034               int argc, const char *const*argv,
7035               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7036  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7037               int argc, const char *const*argv,
7038               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7039  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
7040  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7041  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7042  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
7043  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7044  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
7045                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
7046  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7047  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7048  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
7049  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
7050  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
7051  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7052  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7053  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7054  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7055  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
7056                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
7057                       void **ppArg);
7058  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
7059  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
7060  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
7061  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7062  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7063  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7064  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
7065  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
7066  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
7067};
7068
7069/*
7070** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
7071** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
7072**
7073** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
7074** of the [virtual table] interface to
7075** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
7076** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
7077** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
7078** results into the **Outputs** fields.
7079**
7080** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
7081**
7082** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
7083**
7084** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
7085** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
7086** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
7087** ^(The index of the column is stored in
7088** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
7089** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
7090** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
7091**
7092** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
7093** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
7094** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
7095** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
7096** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
7097**
7098** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
7099** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
7100**
7101** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
7102** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
7103** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
7104** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
7105** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
7106** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
7107** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
7108** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
7109** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
7110** non-zero.
7111**
7112** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
7113** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
7114** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
7115** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
7116** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
7117** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
7118** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
7119** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
7120** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
7121** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
7122** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
7123** not be checked again using byte code.)^
7124**
7125** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
7126** [xFilter] method.
7127** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
7128** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
7129**
7130** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
7131** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
7132** sorting step is required.
7133**
7134** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
7135** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
7136** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
7137** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
7138** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
7139**
7140** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
7141** will be returned by the strategy.
7142**
7143** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
7144** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
7145** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
7146** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
7147**
7148** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
7149** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
7150** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
7151** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
7152** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
7153** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
7154** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
7155** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
7156** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
7157**
7158** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
7159** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
7160** If a virtual table extension is
7161** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
7162** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
7163** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
7164** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
7165** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
7166** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
7167** It may therefore only be used if
7168** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
7169** 3009000.
7170*/
7171struct sqlite3_index_info {
7172  /* Inputs */
7173  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
7174  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
7175     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
7176     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
7177     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
7178     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
7179  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
7180  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
7181  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
7182     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
7183     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
7184  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
7185  /* Outputs */
7186  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
7187    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
7188    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
7189  } *aConstraintUsage;
7190  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
7191  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
7192  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
7193  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
7194  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
7195  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
7196  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
7197  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
7198  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
7199  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
7200  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
7201};
7202
7203/*
7204** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
7205**
7206** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
7207** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
7208** these bits.
7209*/
7210#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
7211
7212/*
7213** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
7214**
7215** These macros define the allowed values for the
7216** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
7217** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the WHERE clause of
7218** a query that uses a [virtual table].
7219**
7220** ^The left-hand operand of the operator is given by the corresponding
7221** aConstraint[].iColumn field.  ^An iColumn of -1 indicates the left-hand
7222** operand is the rowid.
7223** The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET
7224** operators have no left-hand operand, and so for those operators the
7225** corresponding aConstraint[].iColumn is meaningless and should not be
7226** used.
7227**
7228** All operator values from SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION through
7229** value 255 are reserved to represent functions that are overloaded
7230** by the [xFindFunction|xFindFunction method] of the virtual table
7231** implementation.
7232**
7233** The right-hand operands for each constraint might be accessible using
7234** the [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()] interface.  Usually the right-hand
7235** operand is only available if it appears as a single constant literal
7236** in the input SQL.  If the right-hand operand is another column or an
7237** expression (even a constant expression) or a parameter, then the
7238** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() probably will not be able to extract it.
7239** ^The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL and
7240** SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL operators have no right-hand operand
7241** and hence calls to sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() for those operators will
7242** always return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
7243**
7244** The collating sequence to be used for comparison can be found using
7245** the [sqlite3_vtab_collation()] interface.  For most real-world virtual
7246** tables, the collating sequence of constraints does not matter (for example
7247** because the constraints are numeric) and so the sqlite3_vtab_collation()
7248** interface is no commonly needed.
7249*/
7250#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ          2
7251#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT          4
7252#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE          8
7253#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT         16
7254#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE         32
7255#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH      64
7256#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE       65
7257#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB       66
7258#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP     67
7259#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE         68
7260#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT      69
7261#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL  70
7262#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL     71
7263#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS         72
7264#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT      73
7265#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET     74
7266#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION  150
7267
7268/*
7269** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
7270** METHOD: sqlite3
7271**
7272** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
7273** ^Module names must be registered before
7274** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
7275** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
7276**
7277** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
7278** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
7279** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
7280** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
7281** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
7282** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
7283** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
7284**
7285** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
7286** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
7287** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
7288** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
7289** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
7290** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
7291** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
7292** destructor.
7293**
7294** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7295** NULL then no new module is created and any existing modules with the
7296** same name are dropped.
7297**
7298** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7299*/
7300int sqlite3_create_module(
7301  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7302  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7303  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7304  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7305);
7306int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7307  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7308  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7309  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7310  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7311  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7312);
7313
7314/*
7315** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7316** METHOD: sqlite3
7317**
7318** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7319** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7320** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7321** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7322** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7323**
7324** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7325*/
7326int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7327  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7328  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7329);
7330
7331/*
7332** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7333** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7334**
7335** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7336** of this object to describe a particular instance
7337** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7338** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7339** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7340** common to all module implementations.
7341**
7342** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7343** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7344** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7345** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7346** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7347** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7348*/
7349struct sqlite3_vtab {
7350  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7351  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7352  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7353  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7354};
7355
7356/*
7357** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7358** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7359**
7360** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7361** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7362** [virtual table] and are used
7363** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7364** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7365** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7366** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7367** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7368** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7369**
7370** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7371** are common to all implementations.
7372*/
7373struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7374  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7375  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7376};
7377
7378/*
7379** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7380**
7381** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7382** [virtual table module] call this interface
7383** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7384** the virtual tables they implement.
7385*/
7386int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7387
7388/*
7389** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7390** METHOD: sqlite3
7391**
7392** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7393** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7394** But global versions of those functions
7395** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7396**
7397** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7398** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7399** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7400** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7401** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7402** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7403** by a [virtual table].
7404*/
7405int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7406
7407/*
7408** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
7409** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
7410** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
7411** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
7412**
7413** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
7414** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
7415*/
7416
7417/*
7418** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7419** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7420**
7421** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7422** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7423** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7424** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7425** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7426** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7427** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7428*/
7429typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7430
7431/*
7432** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7433** METHOD: sqlite3
7434** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7435**
7436** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7437** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7438** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7439**
7440** <pre>
7441**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7442** </pre>)^
7443**
7444** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7445** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7446** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7447** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7448** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7449**
7450** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7451** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7452** read-only access.
7453**
7454** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7455** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7456** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7457** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7458** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
7459**
7460** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7461** <ul>
7462**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7463**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7464**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7465**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7466**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7467**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7468**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7469**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7470**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7471**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7472**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7473**         being opened for read/write access)^.
7474** </ul>
7475**
7476** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7477** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7478** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7479**
7480** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7481** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7482** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7483** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7484** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7485** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7486**
7487** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7488** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7489** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7490** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7491** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7492** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7493** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7494** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7495** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7496** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7497**
7498** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7499** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7500** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7501** blob.
7502**
7503** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7504** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7505** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7506**
7507** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7508** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7509**
7510** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7511** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7512** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7513*/
7514int sqlite3_blob_open(
7515  sqlite3*,
7516  const char *zDb,
7517  const char *zTable,
7518  const char *zColumn,
7519  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
7520  int flags,
7521  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
7522);
7523
7524/*
7525** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
7526** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7527**
7528** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
7529** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
7530** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
7531** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
7532** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
7533** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
7534**
7535** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
7536** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
7537** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
7538** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
7539** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
7540** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
7541** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
7542** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
7543** always returns zero.
7544**
7545** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
7546*/
7547int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
7548
7549/*
7550** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
7551** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7552**
7553** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7554** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7555** handle is still closed.)^
7556**
7557** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7558** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7559** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7560** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7561** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7562**
7563** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7564** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7565** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7566** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7567** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7568** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7569*/
7570int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7571
7572/*
7573** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7574** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7575**
7576** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7577** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7578** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7579** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7580**
7581** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7582** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7583** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7584** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7585*/
7586int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7587
7588/*
7589** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7590** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7591**
7592** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7593** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7594** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7595**
7596** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7597** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7598** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7599** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7600** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7601**
7602** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7603** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7604**
7605** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7606** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7607**
7608** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7609** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7610** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7611** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7612**
7613** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7614*/
7615int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7616
7617/*
7618** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7619** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7620**
7621** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7622** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7623** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7624**
7625** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7626** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7627** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7628** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7629** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7630**
7631** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7632** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7633** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7634**
7635** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7636** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7637** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7638** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7639** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7640** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7641** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7642**
7643** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7644** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7645** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7646** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7647** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7648** or by other independent statements.
7649**
7650** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7651** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7652** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7653** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7654**
7655** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7656*/
7657int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7658
7659/*
7660** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7661**
7662** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7663** that SQLite uses to interact
7664** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7665** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7666** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7667** The following interfaces are provided.
7668**
7669** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7670** ^Names are case sensitive.
7671** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7672** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7673** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7674**
7675** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7676** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7677** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7678** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7679** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7680** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7681** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7682** then the behavior is undefined.
7683**
7684** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7685** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7686** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7687*/
7688sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7689int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7690int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7691
7692/*
7693** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7694**
7695** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7696** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7697** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7698** permitted to use any of these routines.
7699**
7700** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7701** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7702** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7703** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7704**
7705** <ul>
7706** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7707** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7708** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7709** </ul>
7710**
7711** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7712** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7713** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7714** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7715** and Windows.
7716**
7717** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7718** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7719** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7720** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7721** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7722** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7723** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7724**
7725** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7726** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7727** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7728** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7729** integer constants:
7730**
7731** <ul>
7732** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7733** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7734** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
7735** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7736** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7737** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7738** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7739** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7740** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7741** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7742** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7743** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7744** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7745** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7746** </ul>
7747**
7748** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7749** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7750** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7751** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7752** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7753** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7754** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7755** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7756** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7757** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7758**
7759** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7760** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7761** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7762** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7763** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7764** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7765** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7766** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7767**
7768** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7769** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7770** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7771** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7772** the same type number.
7773**
7774** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7775** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7776** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7777**
7778** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7779** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7780** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7781** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7782** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7783** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7784** In such cases, the
7785** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7786** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7787** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7788**
7789** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7790** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7791** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7792** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7793** behavior.)^
7794**
7795** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7796** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7797** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7798** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7799**
7800** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7801** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7802** behave as no-ops.
7803**
7804** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7805*/
7806sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7807void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7808void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7809int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7810void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7811
7812/*
7813** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7814**
7815** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7816** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7817**
7818** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7819** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7820** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7821** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7822** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7823** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7824** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7825** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7826** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7827**
7828** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7829** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7830** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7831** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7832**
7833** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7834** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7835** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7836** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7837** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7838** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7839**
7840** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7841** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7842** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7843**
7844** <ul>
7845**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7846**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7847**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7848**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7849**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7850**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7851**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7852** </ul>)^
7853**
7854** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7855** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7856** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7857** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7858** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7859** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7860** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7861**
7862** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7863** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7864** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7865** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7866**
7867** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7868** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7869** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7870** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7871**
7872** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7873** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7874** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7875** prior to returning.
7876*/
7877typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7878struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7879  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7880  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7881  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7882  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7883  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7884  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7885  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7886  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7887  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7888};
7889
7890/*
7891** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7892**
7893** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7894** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7895** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7896** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7897** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7898** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7899** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7900** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7901**
7902** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7903** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7904**
7905** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7906** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7907** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7908** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7909**
7910** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7911** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7912** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7913** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7914** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7915** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7916** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7917** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7918*/
7919#ifndef NDEBUG
7920int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7921int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7922#endif
7923
7924/*
7925** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7926**
7927** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7928** which is one of these integer constants.
7929**
7930** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7931** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7932** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7933*/
7934#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7935#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7936#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
7937#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7938#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7939#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7940#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7941#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7942#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7943#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7944#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7945#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7946#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7947#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7948#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7949#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7950
7951/* Legacy compatibility: */
7952#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7953
7954
7955/*
7956** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7957** METHOD: sqlite3
7958**
7959** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7960** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7961** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7962** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7963** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7964*/
7965sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7966
7967/*
7968** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7969** METHOD: sqlite3
7970** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7971**
7972** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7973** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7974** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7975** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7976** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7977** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7978** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7979** main database file.
7980** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7981** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7982** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7983** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7984**
7985** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7986** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7987** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7988** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7989** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7990** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7991** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7992** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7993** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7994** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7995** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7996** from the pager.
7997**
7998** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7999** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
8000** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
8001** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
8002** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
8003** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
8004** xFileControl method.
8005**
8006** See also: [file control opcodes]
8007*/
8008int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
8009
8010/*
8011** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
8012**
8013** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
8014** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
8015** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
8016** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
8017**
8018** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
8019** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
8020** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
8021**
8022** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
8023** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
8024** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
8025** operate consistently from one release to the next.
8026*/
8027int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
8028
8029/*
8030** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
8031**
8032** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
8033** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
8034**
8035** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
8036** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
8037** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
8038** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
8039*/
8040#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
8041#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
8042#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
8043#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
8044#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
8045#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
8046#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
8047#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
8048#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
8049#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
8050#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
8051#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
8052#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
8053#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
8054#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
8055#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
8056#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
8057#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
8058#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
8059#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
8060#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
8061#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
8062#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
8063#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
8064#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
8065#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
8066#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
8067#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
8068#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
8069#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
8070#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE                    32
8071#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST                  33
8072#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    33  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
8073
8074/*
8075** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
8076**
8077** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
8078** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
8079** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
8080** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
8081**
8082** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
8083** keywords understood by SQLite.
8084**
8085** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
8086** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
8087** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
8088** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
8089** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
8090** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
8091** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
8092**
8093** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
8094** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
8095** if it is and zero if not.
8096**
8097** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
8098** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
8099** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
8100** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
8101** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
8102** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
8103** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
8104** name collisions include:
8105** <ul>
8106** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
8107**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
8108** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
8109**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
8110**      technique.
8111** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
8112**      with "Z".
8113** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
8114** </ul>
8115**
8116** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
8117** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
8118** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
8119** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
8120*/
8121int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
8122int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
8123int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
8124
8125/*
8126** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
8127** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
8128**
8129** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
8130** string under construction.
8131**
8132** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
8133** <ol>
8134** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
8135** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
8136** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
8137** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
8138** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
8139** </ol>
8140*/
8141typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
8142
8143/*
8144** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
8145** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8146**
8147** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
8148** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
8149** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
8150** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
8151**
8152** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
8153** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
8154** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
8155** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
8156** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
8157** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
8158** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
8159** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
8160** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
8161**
8162** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
8163** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
8164** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
8165** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
8166** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
8167*/
8168sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
8169
8170/*
8171** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
8172** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8173**
8174** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
8175** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
8176** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
8177** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
8178** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
8179** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
8180** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
8181** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
8182*/
8183char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
8184
8185/*
8186** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
8187** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8188**
8189** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
8190** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
8191**
8192** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
8193** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
8194** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
8195** [sqlite3_str] object X.
8196**
8197** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
8198** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
8199** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
8200** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
8201** method instead.
8202**
8203** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
8204** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8205**
8206** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
8207** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8208** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
8209**
8210** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
8211** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
8212**
8213** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
8214** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
8215** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
8216*/
8217void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
8218void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
8219void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
8220void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
8221void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
8222void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
8223
8224/*
8225** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
8226** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8227**
8228** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
8229**
8230** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
8231** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
8232** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
8233** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
8234** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
8235** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
8236**
8237** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
8238** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
8239** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
8240** zero-termination byte.
8241**
8242** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
8243** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
8244** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
8245** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
8246** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
8247** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
8248** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
8249** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
8250** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
8251** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
8252*/
8253int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
8254int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
8255char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
8256
8257/*
8258** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
8259**
8260** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
8261** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
8262** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
8263** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
8264** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
8265** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
8266** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
8267** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
8268** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
8269** value.  For those parameters
8270** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
8271** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
8272** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
8273**
8274** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
8275** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
8276**
8277** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
8278** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
8279** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
8280**
8281** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
8282*/
8283int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
8284int sqlite3_status64(
8285  int op,
8286  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
8287  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
8288  int resetFlag
8289);
8290
8291
8292/*
8293** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
8294** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
8295**
8296** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8297** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8298**
8299** <dl>
8300** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8301** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8302** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8303** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8304** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8305** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8306** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8307** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8308**
8309** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8310** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8311** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8312** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8313** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8314** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8315**
8316** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8317** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8318** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8319**
8320** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8321** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8322** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8323** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8324** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8325**
8326** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8327** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8328** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8329** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8330** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8331** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8332** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8333** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8334** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8335**
8336** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8337** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8338** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8339** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8340** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8341**
8342** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8343** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8344**
8345** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8346** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8347**
8348** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8349** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8350**
8351** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8352** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8353** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8354** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8355** </dl>
8356**
8357** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8358*/
8359#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8360#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8361#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8362#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8363#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8364#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8365#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8366#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8367#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8368#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8369
8370/*
8371** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8372** METHOD: sqlite3
8373**
8374** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8375** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8376** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8377** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8378** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8379** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8380** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8381** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8382**
8383** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8384** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8385** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8386** reset back down to the current value.
8387**
8388** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8389** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8390**
8391** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8392*/
8393int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8394
8395/*
8396** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8397** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8398**
8399** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8400** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8401**
8402** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8403** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8404** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8405** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8406** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8407**
8408** <dl>
8409** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8410** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8411** checked out.</dd>)^
8412**
8413** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8414** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8415** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8416** the current value is always zero.)^
8417**
8418** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8419** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8420** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8421** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8422** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8423** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8424** the current value is always zero.)^
8425**
8426** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8427** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8428** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8429** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8430** memory already being in use.
8431** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8432** the current value is always zero.)^
8433**
8434** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8435** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8436** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8437** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8438**
8439** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8440** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8441** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8442** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8443** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8444** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8445** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8446** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
8447** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8448** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8449** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
8450**
8451** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8452** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8453** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8454** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8455** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8456** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8457** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8458** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8459**
8460** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8461** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8462** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8463** the database connection.)^
8464** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8465** </dd>
8466**
8467** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8468** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8469** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8470** is always 0.
8471** </dd>
8472**
8473** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8474** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8475** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8476** is always 0.
8477** </dd>
8478**
8479** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8480** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8481** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8482** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8483** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8484** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8485** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8486** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8487** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8488** </dd>
8489**
8490** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8491** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8492** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8493** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8494** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8495** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
8496** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8497** </dd>
8498**
8499** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8500** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8501** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8502** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8503** </dd>
8504** </dl>
8505*/
8506#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
8507#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
8508#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
8509#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
8510#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
8511#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
8512#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
8513#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
8514#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
8515#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
8516#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
8517#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
8518#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
8519#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
8520
8521
8522/*
8523** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
8524** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8525**
8526** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
8527** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
8528** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
8529** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
8530** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
8531** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
8532** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
8533** an index.
8534**
8535** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
8536** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
8537** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
8538** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
8539** to be interrogated.)^
8540** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
8541** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
8542** interface call returns.
8543**
8544** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
8545*/
8546int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
8547
8548/*
8549** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
8550** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
8551**
8552** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
8553** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
8554** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
8555**
8556** <dl>
8557** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
8558** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
8559** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8560** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8561** careful use of indices.</dd>
8562**
8563** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8564** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8565** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8566** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8567**
8568** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8569** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8570** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8571** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8572** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8573** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8574**
8575** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8576** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8577** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8578** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8579** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8580** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8581** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8582**
8583** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8584** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8585** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8586** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8587**
8588** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8589** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8590** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8591** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8592** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8593** cycle.
8594**
8595** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]]
8596** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER HIT]]
8597** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT<br>
8598** SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS</dt>
8599** <dd>^SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT is the number of times that a join
8600** step was bypassed because a Bloom filter returned not-found.  The
8601** corresponding SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS value is the number of
8602** times that the Bloom filter returned a find, and thus the join step
8603** had to be processed as normal.
8604**
8605** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8606** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8607** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8608** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8609** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8610** </dd>
8611** </dl>
8612*/
8613#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8614#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8615#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8616#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8617#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8618#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8619#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS       7
8620#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT        8
8621#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8622
8623/*
8624** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8625**
8626** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8627** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8628** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8629** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8630** to the object.
8631**
8632** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8633*/
8634typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8635
8636/*
8637** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8638**
8639** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8640** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8641** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8642** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8643**
8644** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8645*/
8646typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8647struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8648  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8649  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8650};
8651
8652/*
8653** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8654** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8655**
8656** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8657** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8658** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8659** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8660** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8661** By implementing a
8662** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8663** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8664** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8665** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8666** how long.
8667**
8668** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8669** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8670** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8671**
8672** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8673** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8674** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8675** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8676**
8677** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8678** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8679** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8680** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8681** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8682** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8683** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8684** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8685** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8686** page cache.)^
8687**
8688** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8689** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8690** It can be used to clean up
8691** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8692** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8693**
8694** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8695** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8696** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8697** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8698** in multithreaded applications.
8699**
8700** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8701** call to xShutdown().
8702**
8703** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8704** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8705** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8706** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8707** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8708** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8709** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8710** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8711** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8712** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8713** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8714** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8715** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8716** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8717** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8718** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8719** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8720** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8721** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8722** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8723** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8724** never contain any unpinned pages.
8725**
8726** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8727** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8728** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8729** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8730** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8731** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8732** value; it is advisory only.
8733**
8734** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8735** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8736** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8737**
8738** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8739** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8740** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8741** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8742** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8743** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8744** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8745** for each entry in the page cache.
8746**
8747** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8748** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8749** to be "pinned".
8750**
8751** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8752** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8753** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8754** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8755** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8756**
8757** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8758** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8759** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8760** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8761**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8762** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8763**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8764** </table>
8765**
8766** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8767** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8768** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8769** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8770** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8771**
8772** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8773** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8774** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8775** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8776** ^If the discard parameter is
8777** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8778** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8779** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8780**
8781** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8782** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8783** to xFetch().
8784**
8785** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8786** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8787** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8788** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8789** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8790** to be pinned.
8791**
8792** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8793** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8794** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8795** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8796** they can be safely discarded.
8797**
8798** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8799** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8800** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8801** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8802** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8803** functions.
8804**
8805** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8806** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8807** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8808** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8809** do their best.
8810*/
8811typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8812struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8813  int iVersion;
8814  void *pArg;
8815  int (*xInit)(void*);
8816  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8817  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8818  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8819  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8820  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8821  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8822  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8823      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8824  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8825  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8826  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8827};
8828
8829/*
8830** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8831** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8832** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8833*/
8834typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8835struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8836  void *pArg;
8837  int (*xInit)(void*);
8838  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8839  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8840  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8841  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8842  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8843  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8844  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8845  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8846  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8847};
8848
8849
8850/*
8851** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8852**
8853** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8854** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8855** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8856** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8857**
8858** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8859*/
8860typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8861
8862/*
8863** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8864**
8865** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8866** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8867** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8868**
8869** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8870**
8871** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8872** for the duration of the backup operation.
8873** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8874** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8875** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8876** preventing other database connections from
8877** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8878**
8879** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8880**   <ol>
8881**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8882**         backup,
8883**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8884**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8885**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8886**         associated with the backup operation.
8887**   </ol>)^
8888** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8889** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8890**
8891** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8892**
8893** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8894** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8895** and the database name, respectively.
8896** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8897** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8898** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8899** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8900** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8901** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8902** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8903** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8904** an error.
8905**
8906** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8907** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8908** destination database.
8909**
8910** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8911** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8912** destination [database connection] D.
8913** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8914** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8915** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8916** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8917** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8918** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8919** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8920** operation.
8921**
8922** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8923**
8924** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8925** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8926** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8927** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8928** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8929** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8930** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8931** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8932** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8933** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8934** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8935** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8936**
8937** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8938** <ol>
8939** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8940** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8941** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8942** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8943** destination and source page sizes differ.
8944** </ol>)^
8945**
8946** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8947** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8948** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8949** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8950** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8951** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8952** [database connection]
8953** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8954** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8955** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8956** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8957** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8958** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8959** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8960** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8961** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8962**
8963** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8964** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8965** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8966** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8967** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8968** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8969** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8970** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8971** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8972** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8973** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8974** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8975** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8976** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8977** updated at the same time.
8978**
8979** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8980**
8981** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8982** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8983** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8984** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8985** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8986** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8987** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8988** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8989** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8990**
8991** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8992** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8993** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8994** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8995** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8996** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8997**
8998** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8999** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
9000** sqlite3_backup_finish().
9001**
9002** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
9003** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
9004**
9005** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
9006** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
9007** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
9008** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
9009** sqlite3_backup_step().
9010** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
9011** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
9012** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
9013** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
9014** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
9015** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
9016**
9017** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
9018**
9019** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
9020** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
9021** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
9022** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
9023** from within other threads.
9024**
9025** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
9026** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
9027** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
9028** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
9029** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
9030** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
9031** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
9032** backup is in progress might also cause a mutex deadlock.
9033**
9034** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
9035** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
9036** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
9037** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
9038** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
9039** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
9040**
9041** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
9042** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
9043** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
9044** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
9045** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
9046** possible that they return invalid values.
9047*/
9048sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
9049  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
9050  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
9051  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
9052  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
9053);
9054int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
9055int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
9056int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
9057int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
9058
9059/*
9060** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
9061** METHOD: sqlite3
9062**
9063** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
9064** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
9065** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
9066** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
9067** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
9068** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
9069** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
9070** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
9071**
9072** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
9073**
9074** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
9075** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
9076**
9077** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
9078** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
9079** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
9080** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
9081** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
9082** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
9083** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
9084** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
9085** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
9086** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
9087**
9088** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
9089** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
9090** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
9091** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
9092** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
9093**
9094** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
9095** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
9096** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
9097** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
9098**
9099** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
9100** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
9101** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
9102** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
9103** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
9104** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
9105** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
9106** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
9107**
9108** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
9109** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
9110** crash or deadlock may be the result.
9111**
9112** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
9113** returns SQLITE_OK.
9114**
9115** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
9116**
9117** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
9118** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
9119** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
9120** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
9121** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
9122** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
9123**
9124** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
9125** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
9126** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
9127** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
9128** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
9129** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
9130** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
9131** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
9132**
9133** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
9134**
9135** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
9136** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
9137** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
9138** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
9139** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
9140** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
9141** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
9142**
9143** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
9144** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
9145** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
9146** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
9147** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
9148** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
9149** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
9150** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
9151** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
9152** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
9153** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
9154** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
9155**
9156** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
9157**
9158** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
9159** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
9160** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
9161** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
9162** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
9163** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
9164** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
9165** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
9166** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
9167**
9168** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
9169** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
9170** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
9171** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
9172** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
9173*/
9174int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
9175  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
9176  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
9177  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
9178);
9179
9180
9181/*
9182** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
9183**
9184** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
9185** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
9186** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
9187** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
9188*/
9189int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
9190int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
9191
9192/*
9193** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
9194*
9195** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
9196** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
9197** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
9198** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
9199** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
9200** is case sensitive.
9201**
9202** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9203** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9204**
9205** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
9206*/
9207int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
9208
9209/*
9210** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
9211*
9212** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
9213** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
9214** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
9215** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
9216** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
9217** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
9218** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
9219** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
9220** one another.
9221**
9222** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
9223** only ASCII characters are case folded.
9224**
9225** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9226** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9227**
9228** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
9229*/
9230int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
9231
9232/*
9233** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
9234**
9235** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
9236** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
9237** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
9238** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
9239**
9240** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
9241** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
9242** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
9243** is considered bad form.
9244**
9245** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
9246**
9247** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
9248** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
9249** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
9250** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
9251** buffer.
9252*/
9253void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
9254
9255/*
9256** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
9257** METHOD: sqlite3
9258**
9259** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
9260** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
9261**
9262** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
9263** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
9264** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
9265**
9266** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
9267** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
9268** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
9269** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
9270** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
9271** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
9272** including those that were just committed.
9273**
9274** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
9275** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
9276** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
9277** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
9278** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
9279** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
9280** are undefined.
9281**
9282** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
9283** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
9284** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^The return value is
9285** a copy of the third parameter from the previous call, if any, or 0.
9286** ^Note that the [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
9287** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
9288** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
9289*/
9290void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
9291  sqlite3*,
9292  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
9293  void*
9294);
9295
9296/*
9297** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
9298** METHOD: sqlite3
9299**
9300** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
9301** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
9302** to automatically [checkpoint]
9303** after committing a transaction if there are N or
9304** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
9305** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
9306** checkpoints entirely.
9307**
9308** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9309** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9310** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9311** configured by this function.
9312**
9313** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9314** from SQL.
9315**
9316** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9317** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9318**
9319** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9320** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9321** pages.  The use of this interface
9322** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9323** for a particular application.
9324*/
9325int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9326
9327/*
9328** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9329** METHOD: sqlite3
9330**
9331** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9332** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9333**
9334** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9335** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9336** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9337** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9338** information.
9339**
9340** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9341** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9342** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9343** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9344** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9345** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9346*/
9347int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9348
9349/*
9350** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9351** METHOD: sqlite3
9352**
9353** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9354** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9355** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9356** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9357**
9358** <dl>
9359** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9360**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9361**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9362**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9363**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9364**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9365**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9366**
9367** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9368**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9369**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9370**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9371**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9372**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9373**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9374**
9375** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9376**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9377**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9378**   [busy-handler callback])
9379**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9380**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9381**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9382**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9383**
9384** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9385**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9386**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9387**   to a successful return.
9388** </dl>
9389**
9390** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9391** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9392** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9393** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9394** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9395** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9396** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9397** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9398** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9399**
9400** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9401** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9402** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9403** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9404**
9405** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9406** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9407** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9408** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9409** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9410** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9411** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9412** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9413** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9414** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9415**
9416** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9417** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9418** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9419** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9420** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9421** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9422** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9423** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9424** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9425** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9426** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9427**
9428** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9429** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9430** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9431** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9432**
9433** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9434** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9435** sets the error information that is queried by
9436** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9437**
9438** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9439** from SQL.
9440*/
9441int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9442  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9443  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9444  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9445  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9446  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9447);
9448
9449/*
9450** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9451** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9452**
9453** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9454** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9455** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9456** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9457*/
9458#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9459#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9460#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for readers */
9461#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9462
9463/*
9464** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9465**
9466** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9467** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9468** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9469**
9470** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9471** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9472**
9473** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9474** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9475** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9476** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9477** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9478** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9479** is used.
9480*/
9481int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9482
9483/*
9484** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9485** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9486** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9487**
9488** These macros define the various options to the
9489** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9490** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9491**
9492** <dl>
9493** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9494** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
9495** <dd>Calls of the form
9496** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
9497** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
9498** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
9499** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
9500** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
9501** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
9502** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
9503** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
9504**
9505** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
9506** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
9507** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
9508** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
9509** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
9510** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
9511** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
9512** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
9513** had been ABORT.
9514**
9515** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
9516** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
9517** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
9518** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
9519** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
9520** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
9521** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
9522** constraint handling.
9523** </dd>
9524**
9525** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
9526** <dd>Calls of the form
9527** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
9528** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9529** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
9530** views.
9531** </dd>
9532**
9533** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
9534** <dd>Calls of the form
9535** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
9536** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9537** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
9538** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
9539** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
9540** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
9541** flag unless absolutely necessary.
9542** </dd>
9543** </dl>
9544*/
9545#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
9546#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
9547#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
9548
9549/*
9550** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
9551**
9552** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
9553** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
9554** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
9555** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9556** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
9557** [virtual table].
9558*/
9559int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
9560
9561/*
9562** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
9563**
9564** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
9565** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
9566** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
9567** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
9568** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
9569** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
9570** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
9571**
9572** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
9573** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
9574** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
9575** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
9576** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
9577** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
9578**
9579** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
9580** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
9581** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
9582** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
9583** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
9584*/
9585int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
9586
9587/*
9588** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
9589** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9590**
9591** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
9592** method of a [virtual table].  This function returns a pointer to a string
9593** that is the name of the appropriate collation sequence to use for text
9594** comparisons on the constraint identified by its arguments.
9595**
9596** The first argument must be the pointer to the [sqlite3_index_info] object
9597** that is the first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument
9598** must be an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the
9599** sqlite3_index_info structure passed to xBestIndex.
9600**
9601** Important:
9602** The first parameter must be the same pointer that is passed into the
9603** xBestMethod() method.  The first parameter may not be a pointer to a
9604** different [sqlite3_index_info] object, even an exact copy.
9605**
9606** The return value is computed as follows:
9607**
9608** <ol>
9609** <li><p> If the constraint comes from a WHERE clause expression that contains
9610**         a [COLLATE operator], then the name of the collation specified by
9611**         that COLLATE operator is returned.
9612** <li><p> If there is no COLLATE operator, but the column that is the subject
9613**         of the constraint specifies an alternative collating sequence via
9614**         a [COLLATE clause] on the column definition within the CREATE TABLE
9615**         statement that was passed into [sqlite3_declare_vtab()], then the
9616**         name of that alternative collating sequence is returned.
9617** <li><p> Otherwise, "BINARY" is returned.
9618** </ol>
9619*/
9620SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9621
9622/*
9623** CAPI3REF: Determine if a virtual table query is DISTINCT
9624** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9625**
9626** This API may only be used from within an [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
9627** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this
9628** interface from outside of xBestIndex() is undefined and probably harmful.
9629**
9630** ^The sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns an integer between 0 and
9631** 3.  The integer returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct()
9632** gives the virtual table additional information about how the query
9633** planner wants the output to be ordered. As long as the virtual table
9634** can meet the ordering requirements of the query planner, it may set
9635** the "orderByConsumed" flag.
9636**
9637** <ol><li value="0"><p>
9638** ^If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 0, that means
9639** that the query planner needs the virtual table to return all rows in the
9640** sort order defined by the "nOrderBy" and "aOrderBy" fields of the
9641** [sqlite3_index_info] object.  This is the default expectation.  If the
9642** virtual table outputs all rows in sorted order, then it is always safe for
9643** the xBestIndex method to set the "orderByConsumed" flag, regardless of
9644** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_distinct().
9645** <li value="1"><p>
9646** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 1, that means
9647** that the query planner does not need the rows to be returned in sorted order
9648** as long as all rows with the same values in all columns identified by the
9649** "aOrderBy" field are adjacent.)^  This mode is used when the query planner
9650** is doing a GROUP BY.
9651** <li value="2"><p>
9652** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
9653** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
9654** order, as long as rows with the same values in all "aOrderBy" columns
9655** are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, only a single row for each particular
9656** combination of values in the columns identified by the "aOrderBy" field
9657** needs to be returned.)^  ^It is always ok for two or more rows with the same
9658** values in all "aOrderBy" columns to be returned, as long as all such rows
9659** are adjacent.  ^The virtual table may, if it chooses, omit extra rows
9660** that have the same value for all columns identified by "aOrderBy".
9661** ^However omitting the extra rows is optional.
9662** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
9663** <li value="3"><p>
9664** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means
9665** that the query planner needs only distinct rows but it does need the
9666** rows to be sorted.)^ ^The virtual table implementation is free to omit
9667** rows that are identical in all aOrderBy columns, if it wants to, but
9668** it is not required to omit any rows.  This mode is used for queries
9669** that have both DISTINCT and ORDER BY clauses.
9670** </ol>
9671**
9672** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
9673** values are same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
9674** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
9675** (or "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM") and not "==".
9676**
9677** If a virtual table implementation is unable to meet the requirements
9678** specified above, then it must not set the "orderByConsumed" flag in the
9679** [sqlite3_index_info] object or an incorrect answer may result.
9680**
9681** ^A virtual table implementation is always free to return rows in any order
9682** it wants, as long as the "orderByConsumed" flag is not set.  ^When the
9683** the "orderByConsumed" flag is unset, the query planner will add extra
9684** [bytecode] to ensure that the final results returned by the SQL query are
9685** ordered correctly.  The use of the "orderByConsumed" flag and the
9686** sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface is merely an optimization.  ^Careful
9687** use of the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface and the "orderByConsumed"
9688** flag might help queries against a virtual table to run faster.  Being
9689** overly aggressive and setting the "orderByConsumed" flag when it is not
9690** valid to do so, on the other hand, might cause SQLite to return incorrect
9691** results.
9692*/
9693int sqlite3_vtab_distinct(sqlite3_index_info*);
9694
9695/*
9696** CAPI3REF: Identify and handle IN constraints in xBestIndex
9697**
9698** This interface may only be used from within an
9699** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
9700** The result of invoking this interface from any other context is
9701** undefined and probably harmful.
9702**
9703** ^(A constraint on a virtual table of the form
9704** "[IN operator|column IN (...)]" is
9705** communicated to the xBestIndex method as a
9706** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ] constraint.)^  If xBestIndex wants to use
9707** this constraint, it must set the corresponding
9708** aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex to a postive integer.  ^(Then, under
9709** the usual mode of handling IN operators, SQLite generates [bytecode]
9710** that invokes the [xFilter|xFilter() method] once for each value
9711** on the right-hand side of the IN operator.)^  Thus the virtual table
9712** only sees a single value from the right-hand side of the IN operator
9713** at a time.
9714**
9715** In some cases, however, it would be advantageous for the virtual
9716** table to see all values on the right-hand of the IN operator all at
9717** once.  The sqlite3_vtab_in() interfaces facilitates this in two ways:
9718**
9719** <ol>
9720** <li><p>
9721**   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,-1) will return true (non-zero)
9722**   if and only if the [sqlite3_index_info|P->aConstraint][N] constraint
9723**   is an [IN operator] that can be processed all at once.  ^In other words,
9724**   sqlite3_vtab_in() with -1 in the third argument is a mechanism
9725**   by which the virtual table can ask SQLite if all-at-once processing
9726**   of the IN operator is even possible.
9727**
9728** <li><p>
9729**   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) with F==1 or F==0 indicates
9730**   to SQLite that the virtual table does or does not want to process
9731**   the IN operator all-at-once, respectively.  ^Thus when the third
9732**   parameter (F) is non-negative, this interface is the mechanism by
9733**   which the virtual table tells SQLite how it wants to process the
9734**   IN operator.
9735** </ol>
9736**
9737** ^The sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) interface can be invoked multiple times
9738** within the same xBestIndex method call.  ^For any given P,N pair,
9739** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) will always be the same
9740** within the same xBestIndex call.  ^If the interface returns true
9741** (non-zero), that means that the constraint is an IN operator
9742** that can be processed all-at-once.  ^If the constraint is not an IN
9743** operator or cannot be processed all-at-once, then the interface returns
9744** false.
9745**
9746** ^(All-at-once processing of the IN operator is selected if both of the
9747** following conditions are met:
9748**
9749** <ol>
9750** <li><p> The P->aConstraintUsage[N].argvIndex value is set to a positive
9751** integer.  This is how the virtual table tells SQLite that it wants to
9752** use the N-th constraint.
9753**
9754** <li><p> The last call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) for which F was
9755** non-negative had F>=1.
9756** </ol>)^
9757**
9758** ^If either or both of the conditions above are false, then SQLite uses
9759** the traditional one-at-a-time processing strategy for the IN constraint.
9760** ^If both conditions are true, then the argvIndex-th parameter to the
9761** xFilter method will be an [sqlite3_value] that appears to be NULL,
9762** but which can be passed to [sqlite3_vtab_in_first()] and
9763** [sqlite3_vtab_in_next()] to find all values on the right-hand side
9764** of the IN constraint.
9765*/
9766int sqlite3_vtab_in(sqlite3_index_info*, int iCons, int bHandle);
9767
9768/*
9769** CAPI3REF: Find all elements on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
9770**
9771** These interfaces are only useful from within the
9772** [xFilter|xFilter() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
9773** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
9774** is undefined and probably harmful.
9775**
9776** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
9777** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) must be one of the parameters to the
9778** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
9779** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
9780** processing use the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
9781** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
9782** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
9783** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_MISUSE])^ or perhaps
9784** exhibit some other undefined or harmful behavior.
9785**
9786** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
9787** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
9788**
9789** <blockquote><pre>
9790** &nbsp;  for(rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_first(pList, &pVal);
9791** &nbsp;      rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal
9792** &nbsp;      rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_next(pList, &pVal)
9793** &nbsp;  ){
9794** &nbsp;    // do something with pVal
9795** &nbsp;  }
9796** &nbsp;  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
9797** &nbsp;    // an error has occurred
9798** &nbsp;  }
9799** </pre></blockquote>)^
9800**
9801** ^On success, the sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) and sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P)
9802** routines return SQLITE_OK and set *P to point to the first or next value
9803** on the RHS of the IN constraint.  ^If there are no more values on the
9804** right hand side of the IN constraint, then *P is set to NULL and these
9805** routines return [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The return value might be
9806** some other value, such as SQLITE_NOMEM, in the event of a malfunction.
9807**
9808** The *ppOut values returned by these routines are only valid until the
9809** next call to either of these routines or until the end of the xFilter
9810** method from which these routines were called.  If the virtual table
9811** implementation needs to retain the *ppOut values for longer, it must make
9812** copies.  The *ppOut values are [protected sqlite3_value|protected].
9813*/
9814int sqlite3_vtab_in_first(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
9815int sqlite3_vtab_in_next(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
9816
9817/*
9818** CAPI3REF: Constraint values in xBestIndex()
9819** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9820**
9821** This API may only be used from within the [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
9822** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this interface
9823** from outside of an xBestIndex method are undefined and probably harmful.
9824**
9825** ^When the sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface is invoked from within
9826** the [xBestIndex] method of a [virtual table] implementation, with P being
9827** a copy of the [sqlite3_index_info] object pointer passed into xBestIndex and
9828** J being a 0-based index into P->aConstraint[], then this routine
9829** attempts to set *V to the value of the right-hand operand of
9830** that constraint if the right-hand operand is known.  ^If the
9831** right-hand operand is not known, then *V is set to a NULL pointer.
9832** ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface returns SQLITE_OK if
9833** and only if *V is set to a value.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V)
9834** inteface returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND if the right-hand side of the J-th
9835** constraint is not available.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface
9836** can return an result code other than SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if
9837** something goes wrong.
9838**
9839** The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface is usually only successful if
9840** the right-hand operand of a constraint is a literal value in the original
9841** SQL statement.  If the right-hand operand is an expression or a reference
9842** to some other column or a [host parameter], then sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()
9843** will probably return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND].
9844**
9845** ^(Some constraints, such as [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL] and
9846** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL], have no right-hand operand.  For such
9847** constraints, sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() always returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND.)^
9848**
9849** ^The [sqlite3_value] object returned in *V is a protected sqlite3_value
9850** and remains valid for the duration of the xBestIndex method call.
9851** ^When xBestIndex returns, the sqlite3_value object returned by
9852** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() is automatically deallocated.
9853**
9854** The "_rhs_" in the name of this routine is an abbreviation for
9855** "Right-Hand Side".
9856*/
9857int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(sqlite3_index_info*, int, sqlite3_value **ppVal);
9858
9859/*
9860** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
9861** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
9862**
9863** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
9864** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9865** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9866**
9867** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9868** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9869** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9870*/
9871#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9872/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9873#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9874/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9875#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9876
9877/*
9878** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9879** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9880**
9881** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9882** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9883** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9884**
9885** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9886** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9887** S is finalized.
9888**
9889** <dl>
9890** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9891** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9892** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9893**
9894** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9895** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9896** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9897**
9898** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9899** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9900** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9901** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9902** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9903** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9904** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9905**
9906** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9907** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9908** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9909** used for the X-th loop.
9910**
9911** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9912** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9913** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9914** description for the X-th loop.
9915**
9916** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9917** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9918** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9919** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9920** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9921** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9922** </dl>
9923*/
9924#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9925#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9926#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9927#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9928#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9929#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9930
9931/*
9932** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9933** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9934**
9935** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9936** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9937** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9938** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9939**
9940** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9941** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9942** compile-time option.
9943**
9944** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9945** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9946** of this interface is undefined.
9947** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9948** the "pOut" parameter.
9949** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9950** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9951** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9952** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9953** points to is unchanged.
9954**
9955** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9956** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9957** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9958** that pOut points to unchanged.
9959**
9960** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9961*/
9962int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9963  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9964  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9965  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9966  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9967);
9968
9969/*
9970** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9971** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9972**
9973** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9974**
9975** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9976** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9977*/
9978void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9979
9980/*
9981** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9982** METHOD: sqlite3
9983**
9984** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9985** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9986** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9987** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9988** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9989** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9990** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9991** any [attached] databases.
9992**
9993** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9994** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9995** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9996** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9997** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9998** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9999** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
10000** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
10001**
10002** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
10003** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
10004** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
10005**
10006** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
10007**
10008** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
10009** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
10010*/
10011int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
10012
10013/*
10014** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
10015** METHOD: sqlite3
10016**
10017** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
10018** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
10019**
10020** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
10021** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
10022** on a database table.
10023** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
10024** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
10025** the previous setting.
10026** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
10027** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
10028** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
10029** the first parameter to callbacks.
10030**
10031** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
10032** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
10033** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
10034**
10035** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
10036** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
10037** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
10038** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
10039** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
10040** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10041** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
10042** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
10043** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
10044** databases.)^
10045** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10046** table that is being modified.
10047**
10048** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
10049** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
10050** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
10051** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
10052** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
10053** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
10054** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
10055** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
10056** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
10057**
10058** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
10059** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
10060** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
10061** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
10062** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
10063** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
10064** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
10065** behavior.
10066**
10067** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
10068** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
10069**
10070** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10071** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10072** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10073** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10074** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
10075** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
10076** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10077** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10078**
10079** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10080** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10081** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10082** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10083** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
10084** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
10085** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10086** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10087**
10088** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
10089** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
10090** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
10091** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
10092** triggers; and so forth.
10093**
10094** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
10095** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE. This is because the
10096** in this case the new values are not available. In this case, when a
10097** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actuall a write using the
10098** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
10099** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
10100** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
10101** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
10102**
10103** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
10104*/
10105#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
10106void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
10107  sqlite3 *db,
10108  void(*xPreUpdate)(
10109    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
10110    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
10111    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
10112    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
10113    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
10114    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
10115    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
10116  ),
10117  void*
10118);
10119int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10120int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
10121int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
10122int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10123int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *);
10124#endif
10125
10126/*
10127** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
10128** METHOD: sqlite3
10129**
10130** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
10131** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
10132** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
10133** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
10134** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
10135** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
10136*/
10137int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
10138
10139/*
10140** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
10141** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
10142**
10143** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
10144** database for some specific point in history.
10145**
10146** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
10147** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
10148** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
10149** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
10150** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
10151** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
10152** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
10153**
10154** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
10155** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
10156** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
10157** the most recent version.
10158*/
10159typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
10160  unsigned char hidden[48];
10161} sqlite3_snapshot;
10162
10163/*
10164** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
10165** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10166**
10167** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
10168** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
10169** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
10170** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
10171** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
10172** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
10173** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
10174**
10175** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
10176** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
10177** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
10178** in this case.
10179**
10180** <ul>
10181**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
10182**
10183**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
10184**
10185**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
10186**        connection D.
10187**
10188**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
10189**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
10190**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
10191**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
10192**        must be written to it first.
10193** </ul>
10194**
10195** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
10196** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
10197** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
10198**
10199** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
10200** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
10201** to avoid a memory leak.
10202**
10203** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
10204** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10205*/
10206SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
10207  sqlite3 *db,
10208  const char *zSchema,
10209  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
10210);
10211
10212/*
10213** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
10214** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10215**
10216** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
10217** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
10218** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
10219** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
10220** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
10221** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
10222**
10223** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
10224** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
10225** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
10226** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
10227** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
10228** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
10229** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
10230**
10231** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
10232** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
10233** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
10234**
10235** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
10236** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
10237** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
10238** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
10239** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
10240** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
10241** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
10242**
10243** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
10244** database connection D does not know that the database file for
10245** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
10246** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
10247** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
10248** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
10249** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
10250** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
10251**
10252** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
10253** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10254*/
10255SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
10256  sqlite3 *db,
10257  const char *zSchema,
10258  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
10259);
10260
10261/*
10262** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
10263** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10264**
10265** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
10266** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
10267** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
10268**
10269** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
10270** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10271*/
10272SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
10273
10274/*
10275** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
10276** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10277**
10278** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
10279** of two valid snapshot handles.
10280**
10281** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
10282** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
10283**
10284** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
10285** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
10286** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
10287** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
10288** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
10289** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
10290** is undefined.
10291**
10292** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
10293** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
10294** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
10295**
10296** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10297** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10298*/
10299SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
10300  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
10301  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
10302);
10303
10304/*
10305** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
10306** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10307**
10308** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
10309** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
10310** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
10311** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
10312** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
10313** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
10314** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
10315**
10316** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
10317** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
10318** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
10319** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
10320** database.
10321**
10322** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
10323**
10324** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10325** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10326*/
10327SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
10328
10329/*
10330** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
10331**
10332** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
10333** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
10334** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
10335** is written into *P.
10336**
10337** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
10338** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
10339** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
10340** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
10341**
10342** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
10343** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
10344** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
10345** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
10346** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
10347** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
10348** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
10349** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
10350** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
10351** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
10352** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
10353** values of D and S.
10354** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
10355** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
10356** of the database exists.
10357**
10358** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
10359** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
10360** allocation error occurs.
10361**
10362** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
10363** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
10364*/
10365unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
10366  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
10367  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
10368  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
10369  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
10370);
10371
10372/*
10373** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
10374**
10375** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
10376** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
10377**
10378** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
10379** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
10380** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
10381** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
10382** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
10383** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
10384** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
10385*/
10386#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
10387
10388/*
10389** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
10390**
10391** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
10392** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
10393** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
10394** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
10395** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
10396** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
10397** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
10398** size does not exceed M bytes.
10399**
10400** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
10401** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
10402** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
10403** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
10404** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
10405**
10406** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
10407** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
10408** operation.
10409**
10410** It is not possible to deserialized into the TEMP database.  If the
10411** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
10412** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
10413**
10414** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
10415** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
10416** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
10417**
10418** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
10419** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
10420*/
10421int sqlite3_deserialize(
10422  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
10423  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
10424  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
10425  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
10426  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
10427  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
10428);
10429
10430/*
10431** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
10432**
10433** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
10434** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
10435**
10436** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
10437** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
10438** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
10439** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
10440** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
10441**
10442** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
10443** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
10444** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
10445** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
10446** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
10447**
10448** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
10449** should be treated as read-only.
10450*/
10451#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
10452#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
10453#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
10454
10455/*
10456** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
10457** builds on processors without floating point support.
10458*/
10459#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
10460# undef double
10461#endif
10462
10463#ifdef __cplusplus
10464}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
10465#endif
10466#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
10467