xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision b43be55e)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
385**
386** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
387** here in order to indicate success or failure.
388**
389** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
390**
391** See also: [extended result code definitions]
392*/
393#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
394/* beginning-of-error-codes */
395#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
396#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
397#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
398#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
399#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
400#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
401#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
402#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
403#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
404#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
405#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
406#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
407#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
408#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
409#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
410#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
411#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
412#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
413#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
414#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
415#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
416#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
417#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
418#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
419#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
420#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
421#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
422#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
423#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
424#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
425/* end-of-error-codes */
426
427/*
428** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
429** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
430**
431** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
432** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
433** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
434** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
435** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
436** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
437** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
438** on a per database connection basis using the
439** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
440** the most recent error can be obtained using
441** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
442*/
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
469#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
470#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
471#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
472#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
473#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
474#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
475#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
476#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
478#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
479#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
480#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
481#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
482#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
483#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
484#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
485#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
486#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
487#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
488#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
489#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
490#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
491#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
492#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
493#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
494#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
495#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
496
497/*
498** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
499**
500** These bit values are intended for use in the
501** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
502** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
503*/
504#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
505#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
506#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
507#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
508#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
509#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
510#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
511#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
512#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
513#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
514#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
523#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
524
525/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
526
527/*
528** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
529**
530** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
531** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
532** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
533** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
534** refers to.
535**
536** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
537** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
538** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
539** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
540** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
541** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
542** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
543** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
544** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
545** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
546** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
547** file that were written at the application level might have changed
548** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
549** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
550** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
551** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
552** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
553** elevated privileges.
554*/
555#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
556#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
557#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
558#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
559#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
560#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
561#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
562#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
563#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
564#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
565#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
568#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
569
570/*
571** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
572**
573** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
574** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
575** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
576*/
577#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
578#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
579#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
580#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
581#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
582
583/*
584** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
585**
586** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
587** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
588** these integer values as the second argument.
589**
590** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
591** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
592** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
593** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
594** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
595** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
596**
597** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
598** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
599** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
600** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
601** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
602** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
603** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
604** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
605** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
606** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
607** cares about the difference.)
608*/
609#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
610#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
611#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
612
613/*
614** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
615**
616** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
617** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
618** implementations will
619** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
620** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
621** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
622** I/O operations on the open file.
623*/
624typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
625struct sqlite3_file {
626  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
627};
628
629/*
630** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
631**
632** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
633** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
634** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
635** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
636** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
637**
638** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
639** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
640** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
641** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
642** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
643** to NULL.
644**
645** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
646** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
647** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
648** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
649** and not its inode needs to be synced.
650**
651** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
652** <ul>
653** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
654** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
655** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
656** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
657** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
658** </ul>
659** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
660** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
661** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
662** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
663** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
664**
665** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
666** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
667** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
668** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
669** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
670** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
671** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
672** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
673** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
674** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
675** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
676** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
677** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
678** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
679** recognize.
680**
681** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
682** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
683** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
684** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
685** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
686** underlying device:
687**
688** <ul>
689** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
690** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
691** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
692** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
693** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
694** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
695** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
696** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
697** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
698** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
699** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
700** </ul>
701**
702** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
703** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
704** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
705** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
706** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
707** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
708** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
709** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
710** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
711** to xWrite().
712**
713** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
714** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
715** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
716** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
717** database corruption.
718*/
719typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
720struct sqlite3_io_methods {
721  int iVersion;
722  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
723  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
724  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
725  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
726  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
727  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
728  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
729  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
730  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
731  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
732  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
733  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
734  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
735  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
736  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
737  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
738  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
739  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
740  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
741  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
742  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
743  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
744};
745
746/*
747** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
748** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
749**
750** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
751** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
752** interface.
753**
754** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
755** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
756** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
757** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
758** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
759** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
760** is defined.
761** <ul>
762** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
763** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
764** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
765** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
766** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
767** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
768** file run faster.
769**
770** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
771** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
772** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
773** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
774** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
775** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
776** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
777** improve performance on some systems.
778**
779** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
780** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
781** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
782** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
783** additional information.
784**
785** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
786** No longer in use.
787**
788** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
789** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
790** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
791** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
792** because the user has configured SQLite with
793** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
794** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
795** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
796** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
797** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
798** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
799** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
800** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
801**
802** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
803** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
804** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
805** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
806** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
807** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
808** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
809**
810** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
811** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
812** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
813** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
814** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
815** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
816** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
817** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
818** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
819** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
820** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
821** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
822** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
823** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
824** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
825** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
826**
827** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
828** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
829** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
830** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
831** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
832** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
833** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
834** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
835** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
836** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
837** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
838** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
839** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
840** WAL persistence setting.
841**
842** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
843** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
844** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
845** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
846** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
847** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
848** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
849** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
850** zero-damage mode setting.
851**
852** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
853** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
854** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
855** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
856** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
857**
858** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
859** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
860** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
861** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
862** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
863** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
864** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
865** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
866** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
867** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
868** is intended for diagnostic use only.
869**
870** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
871** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
872** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
873** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
874** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
875** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
876** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
877** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
878** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
879** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
880** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
881** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
882** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
883** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
884** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
885** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
886** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
887** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
888** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
889** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
890** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
891** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
892**
893** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
894** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
895** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
896** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
897** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
898** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
899** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
900** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
901** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
902** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
903** current operation.
904**
905** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
906** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
907** to have SQLite generate a
908** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
909** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
910** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
911** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
912** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
913**
914** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
915** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
916** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
917** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
918** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
919** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
920** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
921** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
922** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
923**
924** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
925** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
926** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
927** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
928** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
929** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
930** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
931**
932** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
933** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
934** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
935** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
936** was first opened.
937**
938** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
939** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
940** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
941** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
942** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
943**
944** </ul>
945*/
946#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
947#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
948#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
949#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
950#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
951#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
952#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
953#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
954#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
955#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
956#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
957#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
958#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
959#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
960#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
961#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
962#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
963#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
964#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
965#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
966#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
967#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
968
969/*
970** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
971**
972** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
973** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
974** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
975** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
976**
977** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
978*/
979typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
980
981/*
982** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
983**
984** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
985** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
986** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
987** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
988**
989** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
990** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
991** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
992** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
993** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
994** modified.
995**
996** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
997** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
998** a pathname in this VFS.
999**
1000** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1001** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1002** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1003** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1004** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1005** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1006**
1007** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1008** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1009** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1010** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1011** object once the object has been registered.
1012**
1013** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1014** be unique across all VFS modules.
1015**
1016** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1017** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1018** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1019** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1020** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1021** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1022** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1023** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1024** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1025** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1026** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1027** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1028** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1029** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1030** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1031** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1032**
1033** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1034** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1035** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1036** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1037** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1038** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1039**
1040** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1041** call, depending on the object being opened:
1042**
1043** <ul>
1044** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1045** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1046** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1047** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1048** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1049** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1050** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1051** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1052** </ul>)^
1053**
1054** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1055** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1056** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1057** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1058** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1059** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1060** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1061** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1062**
1063** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1064**
1065** <ul>
1066** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1067** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1068** </ul>
1069**
1070** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1071** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1072** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1073** databases, and subjournals.
1074**
1075** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1076** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1077** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1078** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1079** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1080** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1081** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1082** for exclusive access.
1083**
1084** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1085** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1086** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1087** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1088** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1089** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1090** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1091** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1092** or failure of the xOpen call.
1093**
1094** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1095** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1096** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1097** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1098** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1099** directory.
1100**
1101** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1102** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1103** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1104** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1105** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1106** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1107**
1108** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1109** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1110** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1111** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1112** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1113** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1114** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1115** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1116** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1117** a floating point value.
1118** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1119** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1120** a 24-hour day).
1121** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1122** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1123** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1124** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1125**
1126** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1127** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1128** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1129** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1130** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1131** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1132** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1133** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1134** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1135** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1136** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1137*/
1138typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1139typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1140struct sqlite3_vfs {
1141  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1142  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1143  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1144  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1145  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1146  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1147  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1148               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1149  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1150  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1151  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1152  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1153  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1154  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1155  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1156  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1157  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1158  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1159  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1160  /*
1161  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1162  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1163  */
1164  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1165  /*
1166  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1167  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1168  */
1169  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1170  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1171  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1172  /*
1173  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1174  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1175  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1176  */
1177};
1178
1179/*
1180** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1181**
1182** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1183** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1184** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1185** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1186** simply checks whether the file exists.
1187** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1188** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1189** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1190** the directory).
1191** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1192** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1193** release of SQLite.
1194** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1195** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1196** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1197** SQLite.
1198*/
1199#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1200#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1201#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1202
1203/*
1204** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1205**
1206** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1207** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1208** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1209** xShmLock method:
1210**
1211** <ul>
1212** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1213** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1214** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1215** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1216** </ul>
1217**
1218** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1219** was given on the corresponding lock.
1220**
1221** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1222** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1223** and EXCLUSIVE.
1224*/
1225#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1226#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1227#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1228#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1229
1230/*
1231** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1232**
1233** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1234** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1235** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1236** lock outside of this range
1237*/
1238#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1239
1240
1241/*
1242** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1243**
1244** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1245** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1246** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1247** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1248** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1249** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1250**
1251** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1252** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1253** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1254** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1255** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1256** are harmless no-ops.)^
1257**
1258** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1259** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1260** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1261** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1262**
1263** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1264** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1265** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1266** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1267** sqlite3_shutdown().
1268**
1269** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1270** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1271** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1272**
1273** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1274** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1275** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1276** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1277**
1278** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1279** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1280** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1281** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1282** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1283** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1284** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1285** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1286** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1287** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1288** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1289** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1290** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1291** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1292**
1293** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1294** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1295** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1296** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1297** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1298** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1299** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1300**
1301** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1302** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1303** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1304** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1305** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1306** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1307** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1308** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1309** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1310** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1311** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1312** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1313** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1314** failure.
1315*/
1316int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1317int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1318int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1319int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1320
1321/*
1322** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1323**
1324** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1325** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1326** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1327** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1328** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1329**
1330** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1331** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1332** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1333** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1334** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1335** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1336** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1337** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1338** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1339**
1340** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1341** [configuration option] that determines
1342** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1343** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1344** in the first argument.
1345**
1346** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1347** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1348** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1349*/
1350int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1351
1352/*
1353** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1354**
1355** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1356** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1357** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1358** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1359**
1360** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1361** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1362** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1363** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1364**
1365** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1366** the call is considered successful.
1367*/
1368int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1369
1370/*
1371** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1372**
1373** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1374** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1375**
1376** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1377** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1378** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1379** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1380** By creating an instance of this object
1381** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1382** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1383** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1384** dynamic memory needs.
1385**
1386** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1387** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1388** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1389** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1390** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1391** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1392** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1393** conditions.
1394**
1395** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1396** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1397** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1398** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1399**
1400** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1401** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1402** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1403**
1404** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1405** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1406** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1407** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1408** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1409** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1410** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1411**
1412** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1413** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1414** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1415** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1416** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1417** xInit and xShutdown.
1418**
1419** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1420** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1421** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1422** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1423** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1424** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1425** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1426** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1427** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1428** serialization.
1429**
1430** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1431** call to xShutdown().
1432*/
1433typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1434struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1435  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1436  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1437  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1438  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1439  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1440  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1441  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1442  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1443};
1444
1445/*
1446** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1447** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1448**
1449** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1450** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1451**
1452** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1453** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1454** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1455** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1456** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1457** is invoked.
1458**
1459** <dl>
1460** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1461** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1462** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1463** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1464** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1465** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1466** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1467** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1468** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1469** configuration option.</dd>
1470**
1471** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1472** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1473** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1474** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1475** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1476** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1477** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1478** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1479** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1480** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1481** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1482** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1483** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1484**
1485** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1486** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1487** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1488** all mutexes including the recursive
1489** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1490** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1491** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1492** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1493** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1494** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1495** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1496** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1497** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1498** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1499** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1500**
1501** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1502** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1503** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1504** The argument specifies
1505** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1506** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1507** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1508** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1509**
1510** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1511** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1512** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1513** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1514** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1515** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1516** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1517** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1518**
1519** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1520** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1521** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1522** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1523** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1524**   <ul>
1525**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1526**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1527**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1528**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1529**   </ul>)^
1530** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1531** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1532** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1533** </dd>
1534**
1535** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1536** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1537** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1538** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1539** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1540** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1541** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1542** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1543** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1544** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1545** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1546** times the database page size.
1547** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1548** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1549** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1550** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1551** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1552** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1553** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1554** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1555** </dd>
1556**
1557** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1558** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a static memory buffer
1559** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1560** cache implementation.
1561** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1562** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]
1563** configuration option.
1564** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1565** 8-byte aligned
1566** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1567** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1568** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1569** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1570** can be determined using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ] option
1571** to [sqlite3_config()].
1572** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1573** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The first
1574** argument should pointer to an 8-byte aligned block of memory that
1575** is at least sz*N bytes of memory, otherwise subsequent behavior is
1576** undefined.
1577** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1578** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1579** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1580** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
1581**
1582** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1583** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1584** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1585** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1586** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1587** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1588** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1589** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1590** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1591** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1592** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1593** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1594** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1595** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1596** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1597** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1598** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1599** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1600** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1601** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1602**
1603** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1604** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1605** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1606** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1607** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1608** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1609** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1610** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1611** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1612** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1613** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1614**
1615** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1616** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1617** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1618** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1619** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1620** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1621** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1622** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1623** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1624** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1625** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1626** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1627**
1628** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1629** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1630** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1631** The first argument is the
1632** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1633** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1634** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1635** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1636** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1637**
1638** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1639** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1640** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1641** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1642** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1643**
1644** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1645** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1646** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1647** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1648**
1649** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1650** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1651** global [error log].
1652** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1653** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1654** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1655** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1656** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1657** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1658** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1659** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1660** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1661** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1662** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1663** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1664** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1665** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1666** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1667** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1668**
1669** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1670** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1671** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1672** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1673** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1674** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1675** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1676** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1677** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1678** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1679** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1680** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1681** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1682**
1683** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1684** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1685** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1686** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1687** ^The default setting is determined
1688** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1689** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1690** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1691** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1692** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1693** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1694** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1695**
1696** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1697** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1698** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1699** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1700** </dd>
1701**
1702** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1703** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1704** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1705** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1706** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1707** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1708** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1709** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1710** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1711** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1712** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1713** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1714** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1715** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1716** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1717** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1718**
1719** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1720** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1721** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1722** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1723** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1724** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1725** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1726** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1727** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1728** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1729** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1730** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1731** changed to its compile-time default.
1732**
1733** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1734** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1735** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1736** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1737** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1738** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1739** </dl>
1740**
1741** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1742** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1743** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1744** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1745** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1746** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1747** target platform, and SQLite version.
1748**
1749** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1750** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1751** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1752** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1753** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1754** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1755** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1756** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1757** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1758** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1759** </dl>
1760*/
1761#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1762#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1763#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1764#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1765#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1766#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1767#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1768#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1769#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1770#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1771#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1772/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1773#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1774#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1775#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1776#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1777#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1778#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1779#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1780#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1781#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1782#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1783#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1784#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1785#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1786
1787/*
1788** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1789**
1790** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1791** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1792**
1793** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1794** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1795** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1796** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1797** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1798** is invoked.
1799**
1800** <dl>
1801** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1802** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1803** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1804** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1805** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1806** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1807** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1808** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1809** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1810** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1811** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1812** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1813** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1814** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1815** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1816** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1817** when the "current value" returned by
1818** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1819** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1820** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1821** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1822**
1823** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1824** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1825** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1826** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1827** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1828** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1829** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1830** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1831** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1832**
1833** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1834** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1835** There should be two additional arguments.
1836** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1837** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1838** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1839** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1840** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1841** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1842**
1843** </dl>
1844*/
1845#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1846#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1847#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1848
1849
1850/*
1851** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1852**
1853** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1854** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1855** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1856*/
1857int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1858
1859/*
1860** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1861**
1862** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1863** has a unique 64-bit signed
1864** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1865** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1866** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1867** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1868** is another alias for the rowid.
1869**
1870** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1871** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1872** on database connection D.
1873** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1874** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1875** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1876** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1877**
1878** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1879** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1880** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1881** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1882** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1883** table method began.)^
1884**
1885** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1886** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1887** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1888** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1889** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1890** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1891** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1892** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1893** the return value of this interface.)^
1894**
1895** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1896** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1897**
1898** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1899** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1900**
1901** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1902** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1903** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1904** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1905** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1906** last insert [rowid].
1907*/
1908sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1909
1910/*
1911** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1912**
1913** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
1914** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
1915** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
1916** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
1917** returned by this function.
1918**
1919** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
1920** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
1921** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
1922**
1923** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
1924** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
1925** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
1926** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
1927** tables are counted.
1928**
1929** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
1930** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
1931** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
1932** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
1933**
1934** <ul>
1935**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
1936**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
1937**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
1938**
1939**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
1940**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
1941**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
1942**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
1943**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
1944** </ul>
1945**
1946** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
1947** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
1948** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
1949** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
1950** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
1951** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
1952**
1953** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1954** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1955**
1956** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1957** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1958** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1959*/
1960int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1961
1962/*
1963** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1964**
1965** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
1966** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
1967** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
1968** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
1969** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
1970**
1971** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
1972** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
1973** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
1974** are not counted.
1975**
1976** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1977** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1978**
1979** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1980** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1981** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1982*/
1983int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1984
1985/*
1986** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1987**
1988** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1989** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1990** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1991** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1992** immediately.
1993**
1994** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1995** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1996** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1997** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1998**
1999** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2000** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2001** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2002**
2003** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2004** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2005** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2006** will be rolled back automatically.
2007**
2008** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2009** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2010** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2011** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2012** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2013** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2014** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2015** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2016** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2017** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2018**
2019** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2020** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2021*/
2022void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2023
2024/*
2025** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2026**
2027** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2028** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2029** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2030** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2031** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2032** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2033** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2034** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2035** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2036** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2037** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2038**
2039** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2040** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2041**
2042** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2043** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2044**
2045** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2046** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2047** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2048** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2049** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2050**
2051** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2052** UTF-8 string.
2053**
2054** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2055** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2056*/
2057int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2058int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2059
2060/*
2061** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2062** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2063**
2064** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2065** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2066** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2067** [database connection] D when another thread
2068** or process has the table locked.
2069** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2070** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2071**
2072** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2073** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2074** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2075**
2076** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2077** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2078** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2079** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2080** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2081** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2082** to the application.
2083** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2084** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2085**
2086** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2087** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2088** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2089** to the application instead of invoking the
2090** busy handler.
2091** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2092** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2093** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2094** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2095** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2096** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2097** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2098** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2099** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2100** the second process to proceed.
2101**
2102** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2103**
2104** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2105** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2106** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2107** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2108** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2109**
2110** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2111** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2112** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2113** result in undefined behavior.
2114**
2115** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2116** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2117*/
2118int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2119
2120/*
2121** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2122**
2123** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2124** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2125** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2126** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2127** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2128** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2129**
2130** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2131** turns off all busy handlers.
2132**
2133** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2134** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2135** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2136** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2137**
2138** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2139*/
2140int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2141
2142/*
2143** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2144**
2145** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2146** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2147**
2148** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2149** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2150** complete query results from one or more queries.
2151**
2152** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2153** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2154** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2155** and M be the number of columns.
2156**
2157** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2158** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2159** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2160** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2161** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2162** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2163**
2164** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2165** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2166** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2167**
2168** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2169** is as follows:
2170**
2171** <blockquote><pre>
2172**        Name        | Age
2173**        -----------------------
2174**        Alice       | 43
2175**        Bob         | 28
2176**        Cindy       | 21
2177** </pre></blockquote>
2178**
2179** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2180** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2181** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2182**
2183** <blockquote><pre>
2184**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2185**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2186**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2187**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2188**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2189**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2190**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2191**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2192** </pre></blockquote>)^
2193**
2194** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2195** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2196** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2197** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2198**
2199** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2200** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2201** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2202** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2203** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2204** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2205**
2206** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2207** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2208** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2209** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2210** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2211** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2212** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2213*/
2214int sqlite3_get_table(
2215  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2216  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2217  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2218  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2219  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2220  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2221);
2222void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2223
2224/*
2225** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2226**
2227** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2228** from the standard C library.
2229**
2230** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2231** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2232** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2233** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2234** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2235** memory to hold the resulting string.
2236**
2237** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2238** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2239** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2240** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2241** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2242** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2243** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2244** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2245** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2246** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2247** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2248** now without breaking compatibility.
2249**
2250** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2251** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2252** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2253** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2254** written will be n-1 characters.
2255**
2256** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2257**
2258** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2259** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2260** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2261** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2262**
2263** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2264** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2265** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2266** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2267** the string.
2268**
2269** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2270**
2271** <blockquote><pre>
2272**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2273** </pre></blockquote>
2274**
2275** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2276**
2277** <blockquote><pre>
2278**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2279**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2280**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2281** </pre></blockquote>
2282**
2283** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2284** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2285**
2286** <blockquote><pre>
2287**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2288** </pre></blockquote>
2289**
2290** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2291** would have looked like this:
2292**
2293** <blockquote><pre>
2294**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2295** </pre></blockquote>
2296**
2297** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2298** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2299**
2300** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2301** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2302** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2303** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2304**
2305** <blockquote><pre>
2306**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2307**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2308**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2309** </pre></blockquote>
2310**
2311** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2312** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2313**
2314** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2315** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2316** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2317*/
2318char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2319char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2320char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2321char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2322
2323/*
2324** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2325**
2326** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2327** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2328** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2329** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2330**
2331** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2332** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2333** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2334** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2335** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2336** a NULL pointer.
2337**
2338** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2339** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2340** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2341**
2342** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2343** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2344** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2345** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2346** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2347** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2348** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2349** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2350** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2351** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2352**
2353** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2354** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2355** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2356** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2357** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2358** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2359** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2360** sqlite3_free(X).
2361** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2362** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2363** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2364** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2365** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2366** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2367** prior allocation is not freed.
2368**
2369** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2370** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2371** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2372**
2373** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2374** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2375** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2376** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2377** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2378** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2379** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2380** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2381** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2382**
2383** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2384** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2385** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2386** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2387** option is used.
2388**
2389** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2390** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2391** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2392** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2393**
2394** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2395** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2396** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2397** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2398** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2399** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2400** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2401**
2402** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2403** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2404** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2405** not yet been released.
2406**
2407** The application must not read or write any part of
2408** a block of memory after it has been released using
2409** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2410*/
2411void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2412void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2413void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2414void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2415void sqlite3_free(void*);
2416sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2417
2418/*
2419** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2420**
2421** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2422** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2423** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2424**
2425** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2426** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2427** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2428** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2429** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2430** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2431** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2432** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2433** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2434**
2435** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2436** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2437** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2438** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2439** prior to the reset.
2440*/
2441sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2442sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2443
2444/*
2445** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2446**
2447** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2448** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2449** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2450** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2451** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2452**
2453** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2454** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2455**
2456** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2457** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2458** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2459** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2460** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2461** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2462** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2463** method.
2464*/
2465void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2466
2467/*
2468** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2469**
2470** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2471** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2472** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2473** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2474** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2475** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2476** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2477** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2478** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2479** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2480** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2481** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2482** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2483** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2484** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2485**
2486** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2487** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2488** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2489** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2490** access is denied.
2491**
2492** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2493** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2494** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2495** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2496** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2497** details about the action to be authorized.
2498**
2499** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2500** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2501** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2502** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2503** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2504** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2505** columns of a table.
2506** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2507** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2508** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2509**
2510** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2511** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2512** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2513** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2514** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2515** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2516** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2517** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2518** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2519** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2520**
2521** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2522** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2523** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2524** in addition to using an authorizer.
2525**
2526** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2527** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2528** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2529** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2530**
2531** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2532** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2533** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2534** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2535**
2536** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2537** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2538** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2539** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2540**
2541** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2542** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2543** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2544** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2545** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2546*/
2547int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2548  sqlite3*,
2549  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2550  void *pUserData
2551);
2552
2553/*
2554** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2555**
2556** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2557** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2558** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2559** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2560** information.
2561**
2562** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2563** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2564*/
2565#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2566#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2567
2568/*
2569** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2570**
2571** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2572** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2573** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2574** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2575** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2576**
2577** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2578** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2579** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2580** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2581** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2582** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2583** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2584** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2585** top-level SQL code.
2586*/
2587/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2588#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2589#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2590#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2591#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2592#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2593#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2594#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2595#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2596#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2597#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2598#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2599#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2600#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2601#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2602#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2603#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2604#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2605#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2606#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2607#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2608#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2609#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2610#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2611#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2612#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2613#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2614#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2615#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2616#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2617#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2618#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2619#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2620#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2621#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2622
2623/*
2624** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2625**
2626** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2627** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2628**
2629** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2630** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2631** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2632** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2633** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2634** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2635** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2636**
2637** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2638** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2639**
2640** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2641** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2642** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2643** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2644** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2645** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2646** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2647** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2648** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2649** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2650*/
2651void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2652SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2653   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2654
2655/*
2656** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2657**
2658** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2659** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2660** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2661** database connection D.  An example use for this
2662** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2663**
2664** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2665** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2666** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2667** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2668** handler is disabled.
2669**
2670** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2671** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2672** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2673** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2674** than 1.
2675**
2676** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2677** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2678** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2679**
2680** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2681** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2682** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2683** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2684**
2685*/
2686void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2687
2688/*
2689** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2690**
2691** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2692** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2693** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2694** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2695** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2696** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2697** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2698** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2699** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2700** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2701** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2702** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2703**
2704** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2705** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2706** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2707**
2708** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2709** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2710** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2711**
2712** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2713** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2714** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2715** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2716** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2717** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2718** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2719**
2720** <dl>
2721** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2722** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2723** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2724**
2725** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2726** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2727** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2728** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2729**
2730** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2731** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2732** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2733** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2734** </dl>
2735**
2736** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2737** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2738** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2739** then the behavior is undefined.
2740**
2741** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2742** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2743** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2744** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2745** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2746** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2747** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2748** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2749** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2750** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2751** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2752**
2753** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2754** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2755** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2756** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2757**
2758** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2759** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2760** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2761** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2762** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2763** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2764** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2765**
2766** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2767** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2768** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2769**
2770** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2771**
2772** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2773** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2774** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2775** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2776** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2777** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2778** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2779** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2780** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2781** information.
2782**
2783** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2784** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2785** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2786** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2787** present, is ignored.
2788**
2789** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2790** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2791** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2792** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2793** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2794** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2795** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2796**
2797** [[core URI query parameters]]
2798** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2799** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2800** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2801** following query parameters:
2802**
2803** <ul>
2804**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2805**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2806**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2807**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2808**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2809**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2810**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2811**
2812**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2813**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2814**     an error)^.
2815**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2816**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2817**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2818**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2819**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2820**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2821**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2822**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2823**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2824**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2825**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2826**
2827**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2828**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2829**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2830**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2831**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2832**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2833**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2834**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2835**
2836**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2837**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2838**     storage media on which the database file resides.
2839**
2840**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2841**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2842**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2843**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2844**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2845**     processes uses nolock=1.
2846**
2847**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2848**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2849**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2850**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2851**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2852**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2853**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2854**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2855**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2856**
2857** </ul>
2858**
2859** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2860** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2861** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2862** additional information.
2863**
2864** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2865**
2866** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2867** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2868** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2869**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2870** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2871**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2872**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2873**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2874** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2875**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2876** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2877**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2878**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2879**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2880**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2881**          in URI filenames.
2882** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2883**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2884**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2885**          default, use a private cache.
2886** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2887**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2888**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2889** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2890**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2891** </table>
2892**
2893** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2894** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2895** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2896** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2897** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2898** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2899** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2900** the results are undefined.
2901**
2902** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2903** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2904** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2905** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2906** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2907**
2908** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2909** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2910** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2911**
2912** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2913*/
2914int sqlite3_open(
2915  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2916  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2917);
2918int sqlite3_open16(
2919  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2920  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2921);
2922int sqlite3_open_v2(
2923  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2924  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2925  int flags,              /* Flags */
2926  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2927);
2928
2929/*
2930** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2931**
2932** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2933** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2934** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2935**
2936** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2937** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2938** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2939** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2940** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2941** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2942** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2943** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2944** a pointer to an empty string.
2945**
2946** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2947** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2948** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2949** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2950** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2951** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2952** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2953** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2954** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2955** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2956**
2957** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2958** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2959** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2960** zero is returned.
2961**
2962** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2963** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2964** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2965** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2966** undesirable.
2967*/
2968const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2969int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2970sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2971
2972
2973/*
2974** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2975**
2976** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2977** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2978** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2979** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2980** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2981** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2982** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2983** disabled.
2984**
2985** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2986** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2987** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2988** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2989** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2990** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2991**
2992** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2993** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2994** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2995** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2996**
2997** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2998** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2999** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3000** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3001** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3002** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3003** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3004** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3005** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3006**
3007** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3008** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3009** error code and message may or may not be set.
3010*/
3011int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3012int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3013const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3014const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3015const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3016
3017/*
3018** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
3019** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3020**
3021** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
3022** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
3023** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
3024**
3025** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
3026**
3027** <ol>
3028** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
3029**      function.
3030** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3031**      interfaces.
3032** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3033** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3034**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3035** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3036** </ol>
3037**
3038** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
3039** information.
3040*/
3041typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3042
3043/*
3044** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3045**
3046** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3047** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3048** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3049** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3050** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3051** new limit for that construct.)^
3052**
3053** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3054** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3055** [limits | hard upper bound]
3056** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3057** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3058** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3059** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3060** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3061**
3062** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3063** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3064** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3065** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3066**
3067** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3068** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3069** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3070** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3071** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3072** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3073** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3074** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3075** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3076** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3077** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3078** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3079**
3080** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3081*/
3082int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3083
3084/*
3085** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3086** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3087**
3088** These constants define various performance limits
3089** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3090** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3091** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3092**
3093** <dl>
3094** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3095** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3096**
3097** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3098** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3099**
3100** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3101** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3102** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3103** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3104**
3105** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3106** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3107**
3108** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3109** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3110**
3111** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3112** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3113** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3114** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3115** SQLite.</dd>)^
3116**
3117** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3118** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3119**
3120** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3121** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3122**
3123** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3124** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3125** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3126** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3127**
3128** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3129** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3130** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3131**
3132** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3133** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3134**
3135** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3136** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3137** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3138** </dl>
3139*/
3140#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3141#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3142#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3143#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3144#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3145#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3146#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3147#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3148#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3149#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3150#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3151#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3152
3153/*
3154** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3155** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3156**
3157** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3158** program using one of these routines.
3159**
3160** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3161** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3162** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3163**
3164** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3165** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3166** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3167** use UTF-16.
3168**
3169** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
3170** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
3171** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
3172** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
3173** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
3174** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
3175** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
3176** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3177** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
3178** make a copy of the input string.
3179**
3180** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3181** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3182** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3183** what remains uncompiled.
3184**
3185** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3186** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3187** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3188** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3189** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3190** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3191** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3192**
3193** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3194** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3195**
3196** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3197** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3198** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3199** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3200** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3201** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3202** behave differently in three ways:
3203**
3204** <ol>
3205** <li>
3206** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3207** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3208** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3209** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3210** </li>
3211**
3212** <li>
3213** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3214** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3215** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3216** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3217** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3218** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3219** </li>
3220**
3221** <li>
3222** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3223** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3224** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3225** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3226** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3227** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3228** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3229** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3230** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3231** </li>
3232** </ol>
3233*/
3234int sqlite3_prepare(
3235  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3236  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3237  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3238  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3239  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3240);
3241int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3242  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3243  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3244  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3245  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3246  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3247);
3248int sqlite3_prepare16(
3249  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3250  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3251  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3252  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3253  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3254);
3255int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3256  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3257  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3258  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3259  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3260  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3261);
3262
3263/*
3264** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3265**
3266** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3267** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3268** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3269*/
3270const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3271
3272/*
3273** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3274**
3275** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3276** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3277** the content of the database file.
3278**
3279** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3280** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3281** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3282** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3283** change the database file through side-effects:
3284**
3285** <blockquote><pre>
3286**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3287** </pre></blockquote>
3288**
3289** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3290** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3291**
3292** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3293** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3294** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3295** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3296** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3297** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3298** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3299** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3300*/
3301int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3302
3303/*
3304** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3305**
3306** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3307** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3308** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3309** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3310** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3311** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3312** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3313**
3314** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3315** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3316** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3317** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3318** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3319*/
3320int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3321
3322/*
3323** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3324** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3325**
3326** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3327** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3328** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3329** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3330**
3331** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3332** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3333** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3334** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3335** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3336**
3337** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3338** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3339** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3340** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3341** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3342** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3343** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3344** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3345** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3346** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3347** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3348** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3349**
3350** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3351** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3352** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3353** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3354** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3355** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3356** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3357** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3358*/
3359typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3360
3361/*
3362** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3363**
3364** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3365** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3366** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3367** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3368** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3369** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3370** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3371** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3372*/
3373typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3374
3375/*
3376** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3377** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3378** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3379**
3380** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3381** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3382** templates:
3383**
3384** <ul>
3385** <li>  ?
3386** <li>  ?NNN
3387** <li>  :VVV
3388** <li>  @VVV
3389** <li>  $VVV
3390** </ul>
3391**
3392** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3393** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3394** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3395** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3396**
3397** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3398** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3399** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3400**
3401** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3402** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3403** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3404** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3405** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3406** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3407** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3408** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3409** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3410**
3411** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3412** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3413** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3414** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3415**
3416** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3417** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3418** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3419** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3420** is negative, then the length of the string is
3421** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3422** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3423** the behavior is undefined.
3424** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3425** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3426** that parameter must be the byte offset
3427** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3428** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3429** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3430** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3431** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3432**
3433** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3434** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3435** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3436** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3437** ^If the fifth argument is
3438** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3439** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3440** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3441** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3442** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3443**
3444** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3445** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3446** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3447** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3448** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3449** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3450** is undefined.
3451**
3452** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3453** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3454** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3455** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3456** content is later written using
3457** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3458** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3459**
3460** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3461** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3462** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3463** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3464** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3465** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3466**
3467** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3468** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3469**
3470** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3471** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3472** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3473** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3474** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3475** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3476** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3477**
3478** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3479** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3480*/
3481int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3482int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3483                        void(*)(void*));
3484int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3485int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3486int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3487int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3488int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3489int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3490int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3491                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3492int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3493int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3494
3495/*
3496** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3497**
3498** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3499** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3500** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3501** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3502** to the parameters at a later time.
3503**
3504** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3505** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3506** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3507** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3508**
3509** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3510** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3511** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3512*/
3513int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3514
3515/*
3516** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3517**
3518** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3519** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3520** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3521** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3522** respectively.
3523** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3524** is included as part of the name.)^
3525** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3526** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3527**
3528** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3529**
3530** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3531** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3532** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3533** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3534** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3535**
3536** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3537** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3538** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3539*/
3540const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3541
3542/*
3543** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3544**
3545** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3546** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3547** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3548** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3549** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3550** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3551**
3552** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3553** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3554** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3555*/
3556int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3557
3558/*
3559** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3560**
3561** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3562** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3563** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3564*/
3565int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3566
3567/*
3568** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3569**
3570** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3571** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3572** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3573**
3574** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3575*/
3576int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3577
3578/*
3579** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3580**
3581** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3582** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3583** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3584** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3585** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3586** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3587** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3588**
3589** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3590** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3591** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3592** or until the next call to
3593** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3594**
3595** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3596** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3597** NULL pointer is returned.
3598**
3599** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3600** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3601** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3602** one release of SQLite to the next.
3603*/
3604const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3605const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3606
3607/*
3608** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3609**
3610** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3611** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3612** [SELECT] statement.
3613** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3614** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3615** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3616** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3617** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3618** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3619** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3620** or until the same information is requested
3621** again in a different encoding.
3622**
3623** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3624** database, table, and column.
3625**
3626** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3627** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3628** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3629** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3630**
3631** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3632** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3633** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3634** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3635** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3636**
3637** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3638** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3639**
3640** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3641** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3642**
3643** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3644** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3645** undefined.
3646**
3647** If two or more threads call one or more
3648** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3649** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3650** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3651*/
3652const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3653const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3654const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3655const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3656const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3657const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3658
3659/*
3660** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3661**
3662** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3663** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3664** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3665** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3666** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3667** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3668** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3669**
3670** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3671**
3672** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3673**
3674** and the following statement to be compiled:
3675**
3676** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3677**
3678** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3679** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3680**
3681** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3682** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3683** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3684** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3685** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3686** used to hold those values.
3687*/
3688const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3689const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3690
3691/*
3692** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3693**
3694** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3695** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3696** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3697** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3698**
3699** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3700** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3701** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3702** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3703** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3704** interface will continue to be supported.
3705**
3706** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3707** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3708** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3709** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3710**
3711** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3712** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3713** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3714** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3715** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3716** continuing.
3717**
3718** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3719** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3720** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3721** machine back to its initial state.
3722**
3723** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3724** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3725** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3726** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3727**
3728** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3729** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3730** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3731** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3732** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3733** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3734** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3735** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3736**
3737** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3738** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3739** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3740** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3741** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3742** more threads at the same moment in time.
3743**
3744** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3745** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3746** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3747** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3748** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3749** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3750** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3751** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3752** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3753** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3754** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3755**
3756** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3757** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3758** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3759** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3760** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3761** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3762** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3763** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3764** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3765** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3766** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3767*/
3768int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3769
3770/*
3771** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3772**
3773** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3774** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3775** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3776** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3777** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3778** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3779** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3780** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3781** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3782** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3783** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3784** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3785**
3786** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3787*/
3788int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3789
3790/*
3791** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3792** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3793**
3794** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3795**
3796** <ul>
3797** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3798** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3799** <li> string
3800** <li> BLOB
3801** <li> NULL
3802** </ul>)^
3803**
3804** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3805**
3806** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3807** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3808** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3809** SQLITE_TEXT.
3810*/
3811#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3812#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3813#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3814#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3815#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3816# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3817#else
3818# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3819#endif
3820#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3821
3822/*
3823** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3824** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3825**
3826** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3827**
3828** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3829** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3830** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3831** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3832** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3833** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3834** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3835** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3836**
3837** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3838** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3839** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3840** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3841** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3842** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3843** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3844** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3845** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3846** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3847** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3848**
3849** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3850** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3851** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3852** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3853** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3854** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3855** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3856** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3857** following a type conversion.
3858**
3859** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3860** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3861** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3862** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3863** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3864** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3865** the number of bytes in that string.
3866** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3867**
3868** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3869** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3870** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3871** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3872** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3873** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3874** the number of bytes in that string.
3875** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3876**
3877** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3878** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3879** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3880** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3881** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3882**
3883** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3884** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3885** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3886**
3887** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3888** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3889** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3890** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3891** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3892** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3893** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3894**
3895** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3896** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3897** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3898** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3899** that are applied:
3900**
3901** <blockquote>
3902** <table border="1">
3903** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3904**
3905** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3906** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3907** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3908** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3909** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3910** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3911** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3912** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3913** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3914** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3915** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3916** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3917** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3918** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3919** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3920** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3921** </table>
3922** </blockquote>)^
3923**
3924** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3925** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3926** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3927** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3928** C programmers.
3929**
3930** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3931** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3932** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3933** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3934** in the following cases:
3935**
3936** <ul>
3937** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3938**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3939**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3940** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3941**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3942**      to UTF-16.</li>
3943** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3944**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3945**      to UTF-8.</li>
3946** </ul>
3947**
3948** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3949** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3950** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3951** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3952** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3953**
3954** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3955** in one of the following ways:
3956**
3957** <ul>
3958**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3959**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3960**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3961** </ul>
3962**
3963** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3964** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3965** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3966** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3967** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3968** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3969** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3970**
3971** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3972** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3973** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3974** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3975** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3976** [sqlite3_free()].
3977**
3978** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3979** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3980** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3981** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3982** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3983*/
3984const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3985int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3986int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3987double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3988int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3989sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3990const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3991const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3992int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3993sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3994
3995/*
3996** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3997**
3998** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3999** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4000** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4001** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4002** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4003** [extended error code].
4004**
4005** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4006** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4007** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4008** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4009** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4010** completed execution.
4011**
4012** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4013**
4014** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4015** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4016** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4017** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4018** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4019*/
4020int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4021
4022/*
4023** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4024**
4025** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4026** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4027** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4028** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4029** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4030**
4031** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4032** back to the beginning of its program.
4033**
4034** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4035** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4036** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4037** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4038**
4039** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4040** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4041** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4042**
4043** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4044** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4045*/
4046int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4047
4048/*
4049** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4050** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4051** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4052** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4053**
4054** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4055** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4056** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4057** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4058** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4059** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4060** the application data pointer.
4061**
4062** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4063** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4064** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4065** to each database connection separately.
4066**
4067** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4068** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4069** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4070** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4071** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4072** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4073**
4074** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4075** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4076** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4077** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4078** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4079** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4080** undefined.
4081**
4082** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4083** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4084** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4085** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4086** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4087** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4088** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4089** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4090** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4091** each encoding.
4092** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4093** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4094**
4095** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4096** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4097** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4098** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4099** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4100** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4101** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4102**
4103** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4104** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4105**
4106** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4107** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4108** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4109** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4110** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4111** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4112** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4113** callbacks.
4114**
4115** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4116** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4117** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4118** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4119** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4120** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4121** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4122** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4123** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4124**
4125** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4126** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4127** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4128** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4129** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4130** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4131** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4132** matches the database encoding is a better
4133** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4134** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4135** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4136** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4137**
4138** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4139**
4140** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4141** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4142** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4143** statement in which the function is running.
4144*/
4145int sqlite3_create_function(
4146  sqlite3 *db,
4147  const char *zFunctionName,
4148  int nArg,
4149  int eTextRep,
4150  void *pApp,
4151  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4152  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4153  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4154);
4155int sqlite3_create_function16(
4156  sqlite3 *db,
4157  const void *zFunctionName,
4158  int nArg,
4159  int eTextRep,
4160  void *pApp,
4161  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4162  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4163  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4164);
4165int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4166  sqlite3 *db,
4167  const char *zFunctionName,
4168  int nArg,
4169  int eTextRep,
4170  void *pApp,
4171  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4172  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4173  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4174  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4175);
4176
4177/*
4178** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4179**
4180** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4181** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4182*/
4183#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4184#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4185#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4186#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4187#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4188#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4189
4190/*
4191** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4192**
4193** These constants may be ORed together with the
4194** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4195** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4196** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4197*/
4198#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4199
4200/*
4201** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4202** DEPRECATED
4203**
4204** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4205** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4206** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4207** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
4208** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
4209*/
4210#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4211SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4212SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4213SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4214SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4215SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4216SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4217                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4218#endif
4219
4220/*
4221** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4222**
4223** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4224** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4225** the function or aggregate.
4226**
4227** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4228** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4229** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4230** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4231** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4232** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4233** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4234**
4235** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4236** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4237** object results in undefined behavior.
4238**
4239** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4240** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4241** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4242**
4243** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4244** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4245** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4246** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4247**
4248** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4249** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4250** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4251** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4252** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4253** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4254** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4255**
4256** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4257** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4258** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4259** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4260** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4261**
4262** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4263** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4264*/
4265const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4266int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4267int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4268double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4269int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4270sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4271const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4272const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4273const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4274const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4275int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4276int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4277
4278/*
4279** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4280**
4281** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4282** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4283**
4284** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4285** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4286** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4287** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4288** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4289** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4290** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4291** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4292** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4293** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4294** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4295** first time from within xFinal().)^
4296**
4297** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4298** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4299** allocate error occurs.
4300**
4301** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4302** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4303** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4304** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4305** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4306** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4307** pointless memory allocations occur.
4308**
4309** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4310** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4311**
4312** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4313** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4314** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4315** function.
4316**
4317** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4318** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4319*/
4320void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4321
4322/*
4323** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4324**
4325** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4326** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4327** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4328** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4329** registered the application defined function.
4330**
4331** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4332** the application-defined function is running.
4333*/
4334void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4335
4336/*
4337** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4338**
4339** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4340** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4341** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4342** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4343** registered the application defined function.
4344*/
4345sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4346
4347/*
4348** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4349**
4350** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4351** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4352** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4353** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4354** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4355** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4356** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4357** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4358** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4359** invocations of the same function.
4360**
4361** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4362** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4363** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4364** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4365** returns a NULL pointer.
4366**
4367** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4368** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4369** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4370** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4371** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4372** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4373** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4374** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4375** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4376** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4377** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4378**      SQL statement, or
4379** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4380** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4381**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4382**
4383** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4384** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4385** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4386** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4387** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4388** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4389**
4390** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4391** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4392** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4393**
4394** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4395** the SQL function is running.
4396*/
4397void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4398void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4399
4400
4401/*
4402** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4403**
4404** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4405** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4406** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4407** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4408** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4409** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4410** the content before returning.
4411**
4412** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4413** C++ compilers.
4414*/
4415typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4416#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4417#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4418
4419/*
4420** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4421**
4422** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4423** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4424** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4425** for additional information.
4426**
4427** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4428** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4429** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4430**
4431** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4432** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4433** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4434** third parameter.
4435**
4436** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4437** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4438** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4439**
4440** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4441** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4442** by its 2nd argument.
4443**
4444** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4445** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4446** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4447** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4448** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4449** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4450** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4451** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4452** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4453** message all text up through the first zero character.
4454** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4455** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4456** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4457** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4458** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4459** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4460** modify the text after they return without harm.
4461** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4462** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4463** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4464** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4465**
4466** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4467** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4468**
4469** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4470** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4471**
4472** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4473** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4474** value given in the 2nd argument.
4475** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4476** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4477** value given in the 2nd argument.
4478**
4479** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4480** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4481**
4482** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4483** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4484** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4485** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4486** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4487** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4488** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4489** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4490** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4491** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4492** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4493** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4494** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4495** through the first zero character.
4496** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4497** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4498** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4499** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4500** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4501** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4502** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4503** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4504** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4505** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4506** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4507** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4508** finished using that result.
4509** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4510** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4511** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4512** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4513** when it has finished using that result.
4514** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4515** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4516** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4517** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4518**
4519** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4520** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4521** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4522** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4523** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4524** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4525** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4526** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4527** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4528**
4529** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4530** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4531** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4532*/
4533void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4534void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4535                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4536void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4537void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4538void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4539void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4540void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4541void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4542void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4543void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4544void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4545void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4546void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4547                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4548void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4549void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4550void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4551void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4552void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4553
4554/*
4555** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4556**
4557** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4558** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4559**
4560** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4561** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4562** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4563** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4564** considered to be the same name.
4565**
4566** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4567** <ul>
4568** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4569** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4570** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4571** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4572** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4573** </ul>)^
4574** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4575** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4576** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4577** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4578** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4579** on an even byte address.
4580**
4581** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4582** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4583**
4584** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4585** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4586** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4587** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4588** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4589** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4590** that collation is no longer usable.
4591**
4592** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4593** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4594** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4595** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4596** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4597** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4598** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4599** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4600** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4601** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4602** strings A, B, and C:
4603**
4604** <ol>
4605** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4606** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4607** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4608** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4609** </ol>
4610**
4611** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4612** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4613** is undefined.
4614**
4615** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4616** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4617** the collating function is deleted.
4618** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4619** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4620** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4621**
4622** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4623** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4624** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4625** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4626** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4627** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4628** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4629** compatibility.
4630**
4631** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4632*/
4633int sqlite3_create_collation(
4634  sqlite3*,
4635  const char *zName,
4636  int eTextRep,
4637  void *pArg,
4638  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4639);
4640int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4641  sqlite3*,
4642  const char *zName,
4643  int eTextRep,
4644  void *pArg,
4645  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4646  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4647);
4648int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4649  sqlite3*,
4650  const void *zName,
4651  int eTextRep,
4652  void *pArg,
4653  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4654);
4655
4656/*
4657** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4658**
4659** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4660** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4661** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4662** sequence is required.
4663**
4664** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4665** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4666** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4667** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4668** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4669**
4670** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4671** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4672** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4673** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4674** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4675** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4676** required collation sequence.)^
4677**
4678** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4679** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4680** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4681*/
4682int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4683  sqlite3*,
4684  void*,
4685  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4686);
4687int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4688  sqlite3*,
4689  void*,
4690  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4691);
4692
4693#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4694/*
4695** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4696** called right after sqlite3_open().
4697**
4698** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4699** of SQLite.
4700*/
4701int sqlite3_key(
4702  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4703  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4704);
4705int sqlite3_key_v2(
4706  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4707  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4708  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4709);
4710
4711/*
4712** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4713** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4714** database is decrypted.
4715**
4716** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4717** of SQLite.
4718*/
4719int sqlite3_rekey(
4720  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4721  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4722);
4723int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4724  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4725  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4726  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4727);
4728
4729/*
4730** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4731** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4732*/
4733void sqlite3_activate_see(
4734  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4735);
4736#endif
4737
4738#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4739/*
4740** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4741** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4742*/
4743void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4744  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4745);
4746#endif
4747
4748/*
4749** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4750**
4751** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4752** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4753**
4754** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4755** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4756** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4757** requested from the operating system is returned.
4758**
4759** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4760** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4761** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4762** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4763** in the previous paragraphs.
4764*/
4765int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4766
4767/*
4768** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4769**
4770** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4771** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4772** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4773** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4774** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4775** temporary file directory.
4776**
4777** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4778** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4779** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4780** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4781** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4782** be avoided in new projects.
4783**
4784** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4785** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4786** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4787** thread.
4788** It is intended that this variable be set once
4789** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4790** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4791** thereafter.
4792**
4793** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4794** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4795** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4796** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4797** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4798** using [sqlite3_free].
4799** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4800** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4801** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4802** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4803** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4804** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4805** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4806** objects have been destroyed.
4807**
4808** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4809** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4810** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4811** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4812**
4813** <blockquote><pre>
4814** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4815** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4816** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4817** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4818** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4819** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4820** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4821** </pre></blockquote>
4822*/
4823SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4824
4825/*
4826** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4827**
4828** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4829** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4830** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4831** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4832** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4833** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4834** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4835** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4836** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4837**
4838** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4839** open can result in a corrupt database.
4840**
4841** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4842** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4843** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4844** thread.
4845** It is intended that this variable be set once
4846** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4847** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4848** thereafter.
4849**
4850** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4851** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4852** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4853** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4854** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4855** using [sqlite3_free].
4856** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4857** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4858** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4859*/
4860SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4861
4862/*
4863** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4864** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4865**
4866** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4867** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4868** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4869** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4870** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4871**
4872** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4873** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4874** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4875** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4876** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4877** an error is to use this function.
4878**
4879** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4880** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4881** is undefined.
4882*/
4883int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4884
4885/*
4886** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4887**
4888** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4889** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4890** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4891** that was the first argument
4892** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4893** create the statement in the first place.
4894*/
4895sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4896
4897/*
4898** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4899**
4900** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4901** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4902** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4903** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4904** a NULL pointer is returned.
4905**
4906** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4907** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4908** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4909** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4910*/
4911const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4912
4913/*
4914** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4915**
4916** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4917** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4918** the name of a database on connection D.
4919*/
4920int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4921
4922/*
4923** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4924**
4925** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4926** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4927** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4928** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4929** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4930**
4931** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4932** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4933** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4934*/
4935sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4936
4937/*
4938** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4939**
4940** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4941** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4942** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4943** for the same database connection is overridden.
4944** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4945** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4946** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4947** for the same database connection is overridden.
4948** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4949** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4950** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4951**
4952** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4953** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4954** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4955** the first call for each function on D.
4956**
4957** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4958** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4959** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4960** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4961** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4962** or rollback hook in the first place.
4963** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4964** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4965** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4966**
4967** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4968**
4969** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4970** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4971** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4972** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4973** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4974**
4975** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4976** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4977** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4978** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4979** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4980**
4981** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4982*/
4983void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4984void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4985
4986/*
4987** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4988**
4989** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4990** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4991** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
4992** a rowid table.
4993** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4994** for the same database connection is overridden.
4995**
4996** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4997** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
4998** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4999** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5000** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5001** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5002** to be invoked.
5003** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5004** database and table name containing the affected row.
5005** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5006** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5007**
5008** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5009** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5010** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5011**
5012** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5013** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5014** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5015** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5016** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5017** release of SQLite.
5018**
5019** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5020** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5021** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5022** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5023** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5024** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5025**
5026** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5027** returns the P argument from the previous call
5028** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5029** the first call on D.
5030**
5031** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
5032** interfaces.
5033*/
5034void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5035  sqlite3*,
5036  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5037  void*
5038);
5039
5040/*
5041** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5042**
5043** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5044** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5045** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5046** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5047**
5048** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5049** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5050** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5051**
5052** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5053** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5054** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5055** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5056**
5057** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5058** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5059**
5060** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5061** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5062** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5063**
5064** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5065** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5066**
5067** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5068*/
5069int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5070
5071/*
5072** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5073**
5074** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5075** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5076** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5077** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5078** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5079** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5080** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5081** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5082**
5083** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5084*/
5085int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5086
5087/*
5088** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5089**
5090** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5091** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5092** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5093** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5094** omitted.
5095**
5096** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5097*/
5098int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5099
5100/*
5101** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5102**
5103** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5104** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5105** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5106** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5107** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5108** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5109** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5110** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5111** is advisory only.
5112**
5113** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5114** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5115** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5116** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5117** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5118** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5119**
5120** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5121**
5122** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5123** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5124**
5125** <ul>
5126** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5127** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5128**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5129**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5130** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5131**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5132** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5133**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5134**      from the heap.
5135** </ul>)^
5136**
5137** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5138** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5139** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5140** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5141** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5142** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5143** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5144** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5145** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5146**
5147** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5148** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5149*/
5150sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5151
5152/*
5153** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5154** DEPRECATED
5155**
5156** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5157** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5158** only.  All new applications should use the
5159** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5160*/
5161SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5162
5163
5164/*
5165** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5166**
5167** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5168** information about column C of table T in database D
5169** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5170** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5171** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5172** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5173** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5174** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5175** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
5176** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5177** does not.
5178**
5179** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5180** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5181** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5182** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5183** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5184** resolve unqualified table references.
5185**
5186** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5187** name of the desired column, respectively.
5188**
5189** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5190** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5191** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5192**
5193** ^(<blockquote>
5194** <table border="1">
5195** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5196**
5197** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5198** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5199** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5200** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5201** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5202** </table>
5203** </blockquote>)^
5204**
5205** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5206** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5207** call to any SQLite API function.
5208**
5209** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5210**
5211** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5212** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5213** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5214** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5215** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5216** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5217**
5218** <pre>
5219**     data type: "INTEGER"
5220**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5221**     not null: 0
5222**     primary key: 1
5223**     auto increment: 0
5224** </pre>)^
5225**
5226** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5227** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5228** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5229*/
5230int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5231  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5232  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5233  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5234  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5235  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5236  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5237  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5238  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5239  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5240);
5241
5242/*
5243** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5244**
5245** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5246**
5247** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5248** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5249** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5250** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5251** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5252** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5253** be tried also.
5254**
5255** ^The entry point is zProc.
5256** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5257** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5258** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5259** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5260** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5261** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5262** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5263** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5264** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5265** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5266** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5267** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5268** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5269**
5270** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5271** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5272** otherwise an error will be returned.
5273**
5274** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5275*/
5276int sqlite3_load_extension(
5277  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5278  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5279  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5280  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5281);
5282
5283/*
5284** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5285**
5286** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5287** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5288** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5289** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5290**
5291** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5292** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5293** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5294** it back off again.
5295*/
5296int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5297
5298/*
5299** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5300**
5301** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5302** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5303** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5304** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5305**
5306** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5307** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5308** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5309** entry point where as follows:
5310**
5311** <blockquote><pre>
5312** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5313** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5314** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5315** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5316** &nbsp;  );
5317** </pre></blockquote>)^
5318**
5319** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5320** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5321** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5322** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5323** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5324** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5325** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5326**
5327** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5328** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5329** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5330**
5331** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5332** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5333*/
5334int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5335
5336/*
5337** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5338**
5339** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5340** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5341** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5342** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5343** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5344** routines.
5345*/
5346int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5347
5348/*
5349** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5350**
5351** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5352** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5353*/
5354void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5355
5356/*
5357** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5358** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5359** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5360**
5361** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5362** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5363*/
5364
5365/*
5366** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5367*/
5368typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5369typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5370typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5371typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5372
5373/*
5374** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5375** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5376**
5377** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5378** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5379** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5380**
5381** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5382** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5383** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5384** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5385** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5386** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5387** any database connection.
5388*/
5389struct sqlite3_module {
5390  int iVersion;
5391  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5392               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5393               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5394  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5395               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5396               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5397  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5398  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5399  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5400  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5401  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5402  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5403                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5404  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5405  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5406  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5407  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5408  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5409  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5410  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5411  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5412  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5413  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5414                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5415                       void **ppArg);
5416  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5417  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5418  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5419  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5420  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5421  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5422};
5423
5424/*
5425** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5426** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5427**
5428** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5429** of the [virtual table] interface to
5430** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5431** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5432** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5433** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5434**
5435** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5436**
5437** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5438**
5439** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5440** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5441** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5442** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5443** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5444** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5445** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5446**
5447** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5448** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5449** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5450** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5451** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5452**
5453** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5454** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5455**
5456** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5457** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5458** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5459** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5460** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5461** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5462**
5463** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5464** [xFilter] method.
5465** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5466** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5467**
5468** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5469** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5470** sorting step is required.
5471**
5472** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5473** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5474** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5475** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5476** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5477**
5478** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5479** will be returned by the strategy.
5480**
5481** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5482** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5483** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5484** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5485** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5486** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5487** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5488*/
5489struct sqlite3_index_info {
5490  /* Inputs */
5491  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5492  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5493     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5494     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5495     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5496     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5497  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5498  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5499  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5500     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5501     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5502  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5503  /* Outputs */
5504  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5505    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5506    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5507  } *aConstraintUsage;
5508  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5509  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5510  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5511  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5512  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5513  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5514  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5515};
5516
5517/*
5518** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5519**
5520** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5521** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5522** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5523** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5524*/
5525#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5526#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5527#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5528#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5529#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5530#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5531
5532/*
5533** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5534**
5535** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5536** ^Module names must be registered before
5537** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5538** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5539**
5540** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5541** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5542** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5543** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5544** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5545** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5546** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5547**
5548** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5549** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5550** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5551** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5552** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5553** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5554** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5555** destructor.
5556*/
5557int sqlite3_create_module(
5558  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5559  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5560  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5561  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5562);
5563int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5564  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5565  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5566  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5567  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5568  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5569);
5570
5571/*
5572** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5573** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5574**
5575** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5576** of this object to describe a particular instance
5577** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5578** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5579** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5580** common to all module implementations.
5581**
5582** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5583** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5584** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5585** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5586** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5587** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5588*/
5589struct sqlite3_vtab {
5590  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5591  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5592  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5593  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5594};
5595
5596/*
5597** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5598** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5599**
5600** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5601** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5602** [virtual table] and are used
5603** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5604** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5605** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5606** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5607** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5608** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5609**
5610** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5611** are common to all implementations.
5612*/
5613struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5614  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5615  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5616};
5617
5618/*
5619** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5620**
5621** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5622** [virtual table module] call this interface
5623** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5624** the virtual tables they implement.
5625*/
5626int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5627
5628/*
5629** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5630**
5631** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5632** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5633** But global versions of those functions
5634** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5635**
5636** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5637** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5638** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5639** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5640** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5641** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5642** by a [virtual table].
5643*/
5644int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5645
5646/*
5647** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5648** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5649** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5650** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5651**
5652** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5653** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5654*/
5655
5656/*
5657** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5658** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5659**
5660** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5661** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5662** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5663** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5664** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5665** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5666** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5667*/
5668typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5669
5670/*
5671** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5672**
5673** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5674** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5675** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5676**
5677** <pre>
5678**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5679** </pre>)^
5680**
5681** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
5682** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
5683** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
5684** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
5685** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
5686**
5687** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5688** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
5689** read-only access.
5690**
5691** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
5692** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
5693** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
5694** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
5695** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
5696**
5697** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
5698** <ul>
5699**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
5700**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
5701**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
5702**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
5703**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
5704**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
5705**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
5706**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
5707**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
5708**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
5709**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
5710**         being opened for read/write access)^.
5711** </ul>
5712**
5713** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
5714** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5715** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5716**
5717**
5718** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5719** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5720** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5721** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5722** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5723** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5724** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5725** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5726** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5727** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5728**
5729** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5730** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5731** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5732** blob.
5733**
5734** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5735** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
5736** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
5737**
5738** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5739** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5740*/
5741int sqlite3_blob_open(
5742  sqlite3*,
5743  const char *zDb,
5744  const char *zTable,
5745  const char *zColumn,
5746  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5747  int flags,
5748  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5749);
5750
5751/*
5752** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5753**
5754** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5755** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5756** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5757** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5758** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5759** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5760**
5761** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5762** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5763** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5764** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5765** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5766** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5767** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5768** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5769** always returns zero.
5770**
5771** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5772*/
5773SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5774
5775/*
5776** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5777**
5778** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
5779** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
5780** handle is still closed.)^
5781**
5782** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
5783** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
5784** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
5785** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
5786** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
5787**
5788** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
5789** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
5790** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
5791** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
5792** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
5793** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
5794*/
5795int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5796
5797/*
5798** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5799**
5800** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5801** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5802** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5803** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5804**
5805** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5806** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5807** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5808** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5809*/
5810int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5811
5812/*
5813** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5814**
5815** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5816** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5817** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5818**
5819** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5820** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5821** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5822** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5823** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5824**
5825** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5826** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5827**
5828** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5829** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5830**
5831** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5832** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5833** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5834** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5835**
5836** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5837*/
5838int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5839
5840/*
5841** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5842**
5843** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5844** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5845** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5846**
5847** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5848** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5849** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
5850** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5851** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5852**
5853** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5854** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5855** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5856**
5857** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5858** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5859** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5860** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
5861** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
5862** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
5863** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5864**
5865** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5866** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5867** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5868** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5869** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5870** or by other independent statements.
5871**
5872** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5873** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5874** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5875** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5876**
5877** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5878*/
5879int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5880
5881/*
5882** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5883**
5884** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5885** that SQLite uses to interact
5886** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5887** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5888** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5889** The following interfaces are provided.
5890**
5891** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5892** ^Names are case sensitive.
5893** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5894** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5895** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5896**
5897** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5898** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5899** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5900** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5901** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5902** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5903** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5904** then the behavior is undefined.
5905**
5906** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5907** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5908** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5909*/
5910sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5911int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5912int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5913
5914/*
5915** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5916**
5917** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5918** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5919** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5920** permitted to use any of these routines.
5921**
5922** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5923** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5924** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
5925** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5926**
5927** <ul>
5928** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5929** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5930** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5931** </ul>
5932**
5933** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5934** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5935** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5936** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5937** and Windows.
5938**
5939** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5940** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5941** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5942** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5943** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5944** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5945** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
5946**
5947** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5948** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5949** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
5950** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
5951** integer constants:
5952**
5953** <ul>
5954** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5955** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5956** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5957** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5958** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
5959** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5960** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5961** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
5962** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
5963** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
5964** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
5965** </ul>
5966**
5967** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5968** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5969** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5970** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5971** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5972** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5973** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5974** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
5975** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5976** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5977**
5978** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5979** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5980** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
5981** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5982** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5983** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5984** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5985** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5986**
5987** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5988** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5989** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
5990** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5991** the same type number.
5992**
5993** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5994** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5995** mutex results in undefined behavior.
5996**
5997** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5998** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5999** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6000** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6001** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6002** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6003** In such cases, the
6004** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6005** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6006** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6007**
6008** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6009** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6010** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6011** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6012** behavior.)^
6013**
6014** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6015** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6016** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6017** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6018**
6019** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6020** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6021** behave as no-ops.
6022**
6023** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6024*/
6025sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6026void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6027void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6028int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6029void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6030
6031/*
6032** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6033**
6034** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6035** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6036**
6037** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6038** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6039** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6040** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6041** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6042** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6043** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6044** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6045** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6046**
6047** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6048** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6049** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6050** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6051**
6052** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6053** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6054** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6055** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6056** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6057** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6058**
6059** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6060** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6061** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6062**
6063** <ul>
6064**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6065**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6066**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6067**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6068**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6069**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6070**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6071** </ul>)^
6072**
6073** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6074** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6075** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6076** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6077** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6078** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6079** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6080**
6081** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6082** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6083** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6084** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6085**
6086** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6087** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6088** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6089** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6090**
6091** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6092** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6093** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6094** prior to returning.
6095*/
6096typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6097struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6098  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6099  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6100  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6101  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6102  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6103  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6104  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6105  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6106  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6107};
6108
6109/*
6110** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6111**
6112** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6113** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6114** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6115** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6116** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6117** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6118** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6119** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6120**
6121** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6122** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6123**
6124** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6125** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6126** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6127** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6128**
6129** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6130** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6131** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6132** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6133** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6134** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6135** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6136** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6137*/
6138#ifndef NDEBUG
6139int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6140int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6141#endif
6142
6143/*
6144** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6145**
6146** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6147** which is one of these integer constants.
6148**
6149** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6150** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6151** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6152*/
6153#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6154#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6155#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6156#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6157#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6158#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6159#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6160#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6161#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6162#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6163#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6164#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6165#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6166
6167/*
6168** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6169**
6170** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6171** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6172** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6173** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6174** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6175*/
6176sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6177
6178/*
6179** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6180**
6181** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6182** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6183** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6184** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6185** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6186** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6187** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6188** main database file.
6189** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6190** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6191** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6192** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6193**
6194** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6195** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6196** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6197** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6198** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6199**
6200** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6201** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6202** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6203** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6204** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6205** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6206** xFileControl method.
6207**
6208** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6209*/
6210int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6211
6212/*
6213** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6214**
6215** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6216** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6217** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6218** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6219**
6220** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6221** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6222** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6223**
6224** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6225** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6226** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6227** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6228*/
6229int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6230
6231/*
6232** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6233**
6234** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6235** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6236**
6237** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6238** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6239** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6240** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6241*/
6242#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6243#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6244#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6245#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6246#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6247#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6248#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6249#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6250#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6251#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6252#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6253#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6254#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6255#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6256#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6257#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6258#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6259#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6260#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6261#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6262#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6263#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    24
6264
6265/*
6266** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6267**
6268** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6269** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6270** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6271** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6272** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6273** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6274** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6275** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6276** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6277** value.  For those parameters
6278** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6279** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6280** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6281**
6282** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6283** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6284**
6285** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6286** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6287** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6288** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6289** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6290** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6291**
6292** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6293*/
6294int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6295
6296
6297/*
6298** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6299** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6300**
6301** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6302** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6303**
6304** <dl>
6305** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6306** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6307** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6308** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6309** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6310** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6311** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6312** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6313** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6314**
6315** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6316** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6317** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6318** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6319** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6320** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6321**
6322** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6323** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6324** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6325**
6326** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6327** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6328** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6329** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6330** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6331**
6332** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6333** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6334** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6335** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6336** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6337** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6338** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6339** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6340** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6341**
6342** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6343** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6344** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6345** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6346** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6347**
6348** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6349** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6350** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6351** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6352** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6353** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6354** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6355**
6356** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6357** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6358** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6359** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6360** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6361** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6362** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6363** slots were available.
6364** </dd>)^
6365**
6366** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6367** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6368** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6369** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6370** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6371**
6372** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6373** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6374** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6375** </dl>
6376**
6377** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6378*/
6379#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6380#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6381#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6382#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6383#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6384#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6385#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6386#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6387#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6388#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6389
6390/*
6391** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6392**
6393** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6394** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6395** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6396** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6397** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6398** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6399** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6400** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6401**
6402** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6403** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6404** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6405** reset back down to the current value.
6406**
6407** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6408** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6409**
6410** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6411*/
6412int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6413
6414/*
6415** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6416** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6417**
6418** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6419** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6420**
6421** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6422** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6423** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6424** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6425** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6426**
6427** <dl>
6428** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6429** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6430** checked out.</dd>)^
6431**
6432** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6433** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6434** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6435** the current value is always zero.)^
6436**
6437** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6438** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6439** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6440** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6441** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6442** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6443** the current value is always zero.)^
6444**
6445** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6446** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6447** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6448** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6449** memory already being in use.
6450** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6451** the current value is always zero.)^
6452**
6453** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6454** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6455** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6456** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6457**
6458** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6459** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6460** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6461** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6462** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6463** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6464** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6465** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6466**
6467** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6468** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6469** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6470** the database connection.)^
6471** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6472** </dd>
6473**
6474** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6475** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6476** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6477** is always 0.
6478** </dd>
6479**
6480** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6481** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6482** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6483** is always 0.
6484** </dd>
6485**
6486** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6487** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6488** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6489** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6490** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6491** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6492** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6493** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6494** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6495** </dd>
6496**
6497** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6498** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6499** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6500** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6501** </dd>
6502** </dl>
6503*/
6504#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6505#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6506#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6507#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6508#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6509#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6510#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6511#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6512#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6513#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6514#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6515#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6516
6517
6518/*
6519** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6520**
6521** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6522** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6523** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6524** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6525** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6526** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6527** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6528** an index.
6529**
6530** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6531** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6532** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6533** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6534** to be interrogated.)^
6535** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6536** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6537** interface call returns.
6538**
6539** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6540*/
6541int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6542
6543/*
6544** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6545** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6546**
6547** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6548** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6549** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6550**
6551** <dl>
6552** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6553** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6554** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6555** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6556** careful use of indices.</dd>
6557**
6558** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6559** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6560** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6561** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6562**
6563** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6564** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6565** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6566** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6567** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6568** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6569**
6570** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6571** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6572** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6573** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6574** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6575** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6576** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6577** </dd>
6578** </dl>
6579*/
6580#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6581#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6582#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6583#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6584
6585/*
6586** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6587**
6588** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6589** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6590** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6591** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6592** to the object.
6593**
6594** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6595*/
6596typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6597
6598/*
6599** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6600**
6601** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6602** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6603** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6604** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6605**
6606** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6607*/
6608typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6609struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6610  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6611  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6612};
6613
6614/*
6615** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6616** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6617**
6618** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6619** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6620** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6621** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6622** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6623** By implementing a
6624** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6625** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6626** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6627** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6628** how long.
6629**
6630** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6631** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6632** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6633**
6634** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6635** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6636** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6637** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6638**
6639** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6640** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6641** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6642** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6643** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6644** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6645** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6646** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6647** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6648** page cache.)^
6649**
6650** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6651** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6652** It can be used to clean up
6653** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6654** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6655**
6656** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6657** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6658** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6659** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6660** in multithreaded applications.
6661**
6662** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6663** call to xShutdown().
6664**
6665** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6666** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6667** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6668** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6669** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6670** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6671** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6672** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6673** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6674** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6675** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6676** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6677** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6678** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6679** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6680** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6681** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6682** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6683** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6684** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6685** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6686** never contain any unpinned pages.
6687**
6688** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6689** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6690** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6691** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6692** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6693** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6694** value; it is advisory only.
6695**
6696** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6697** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6698** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6699**
6700** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6701** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6702** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6703** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6704** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6705** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6706** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6707** for each entry in the page cache.
6708**
6709** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6710** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6711** to be "pinned".
6712**
6713** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6714** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6715** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6716** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6717** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6718**
6719** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6720** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6721** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6722** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6723**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6724** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6725**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6726** </table>
6727**
6728** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6729** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6730** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6731** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6732** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6733**
6734** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6735** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6736** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6737** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6738** ^If the discard parameter is
6739** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6740** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6741** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6742**
6743** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6744** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6745** to xFetch().
6746**
6747** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6748** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6749** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6750** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6751** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6752** to be pinned.
6753**
6754** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6755** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6756** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6757** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6758** they can be safely discarded.
6759**
6760** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6761** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6762** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6763** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6764** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6765** functions.
6766**
6767** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6768** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6769** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6770** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6771** do their best.
6772*/
6773typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6774struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6775  int iVersion;
6776  void *pArg;
6777  int (*xInit)(void*);
6778  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6779  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6780  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6781  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6782  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6783  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6784  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6785      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6786  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6787  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6788  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6789};
6790
6791/*
6792** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6793** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6794** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6795*/
6796typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6797struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6798  void *pArg;
6799  int (*xInit)(void*);
6800  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6801  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6802  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6803  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6804  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6805  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6806  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6807  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6808  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6809};
6810
6811
6812/*
6813** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6814**
6815** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6816** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6817** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6818** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6819**
6820** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6821*/
6822typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6823
6824/*
6825** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6826**
6827** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6828** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6829** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6830**
6831** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6832**
6833** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6834** for the duration of the backup operation.
6835** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6836** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6837** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6838** preventing other database connections from
6839** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6840**
6841** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6842**   <ol>
6843**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6844**         backup,
6845**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6846**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6847**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6848**         associated with the backup operation.
6849**   </ol>)^
6850** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6851** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6852**
6853** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6854**
6855** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6856** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6857** and the database name, respectively.
6858** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6859** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6860** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6861** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6862** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6863** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6864** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6865** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6866** an error.
6867**
6868** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning SQLITE_ERROR, if
6869** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
6870** destination database.
6871**
6872** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6873** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6874** destination [database connection] D.
6875** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6876** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6877** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6878** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6879** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6880** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6881** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6882** operation.
6883**
6884** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6885**
6886** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6887** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6888** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6889** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6890** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6891** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6892** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6893** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6894** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6895** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6896** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6897** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6898**
6899** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6900** <ol>
6901** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6902** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6903** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6904** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6905** destination and source page sizes differ.
6906** </ol>)^
6907**
6908** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6909** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6910** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6911** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6912** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6913** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6914** [database connection]
6915** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6916** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6917** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6918** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6919** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6920** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6921** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6922** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6923** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6924**
6925** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6926** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6927** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6928** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6929** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6930** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6931** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6932** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6933** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6934** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6935** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6936** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6937** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6938** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6939** updated at the same time.
6940**
6941** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6942**
6943** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6944** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6945** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6946** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6947** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6948** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6949** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6950** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6951** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6952**
6953** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6954** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6955** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6956** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6957** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6958** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6959**
6960** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6961** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6962** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6963**
6964** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6965** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6966**
6967** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6968** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6969** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6970** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6971** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6972**
6973** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6974** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6975** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6976** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6977** changing.
6978**
6979** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6980**
6981** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6982** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6983** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6984** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6985** from within other threads.
6986**
6987** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6988** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6989** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6990** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6991** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6992** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6993** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6994** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6995**
6996** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6997** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6998** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6999** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7000** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7001** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7002**
7003** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7004** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7005** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7006** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7007** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7008** possible that they return invalid values.
7009*/
7010sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7011  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7012  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7013  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7014  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7015);
7016int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7017int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7018int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7019int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7020
7021/*
7022** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7023**
7024** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7025** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7026** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7027** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7028** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7029** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7030** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7031** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7032**
7033** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7034**
7035** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7036** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7037**
7038** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7039** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7040** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7041** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7042** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7043** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7044** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7045** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7046** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7047** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7048**
7049** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7050** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7051** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7052** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7053** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7054**
7055** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7056** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7057** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7058** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7059**
7060** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7061** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7062** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7063** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7064** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7065** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7066** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7067** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7068**
7069** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7070** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7071** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7072**
7073** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7074** returns SQLITE_OK.
7075**
7076** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7077**
7078** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7079** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7080** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7081** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7082** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7083** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7084**
7085** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7086** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7087** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7088** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7089** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7090** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7091** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7092** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7093**
7094** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7095**
7096** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7097** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7098** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7099** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7100** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7101** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7102** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7103**
7104** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7105** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7106** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7107** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7108** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7109** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7110** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7111** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7112** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7113** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7114** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7115** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7116**
7117** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7118**
7119** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7120** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7121** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7122** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7123** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7124** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7125** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7126** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7127** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7128**
7129** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7130** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7131** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7132** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7133** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7134*/
7135int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7136  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7137  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7138  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7139);
7140
7141
7142/*
7143** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7144**
7145** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7146** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7147** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7148** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7149*/
7150int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7151int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7152
7153/*
7154** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7155*
7156** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7157** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7158** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7159** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7160** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7161** sensitive.
7162**
7163** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7164** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7165*/
7166int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7167
7168/*
7169** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7170**
7171** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7172** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7173** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7174** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7175**
7176** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7177** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7178** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7179** is considered bad form.
7180**
7181** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7182**
7183** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7184** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7185** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7186** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7187** buffer.
7188*/
7189void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7190
7191/*
7192** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7193**
7194** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7195** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7196**
7197** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7198** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7199** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7200**
7201** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7202** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7203** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7204** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7205** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7206** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7207** including those that were just committed.
7208**
7209** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7210** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7211** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7212** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7213** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7214** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7215** are undefined.
7216**
7217** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7218** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7219** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7220** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7221** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7222** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7223*/
7224void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7225  sqlite3*,
7226  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7227  void*
7228);
7229
7230/*
7231** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7232**
7233** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7234** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7235** to automatically [checkpoint]
7236** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7237** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7238** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7239** checkpoints entirely.
7240**
7241** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7242** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7243** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7244** configured by this function.
7245**
7246** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7247** from SQL.
7248**
7249** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7250** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7251**
7252** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7253** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7254** pages.  The use of this interface
7255** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7256** for a particular application.
7257*/
7258int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7259
7260/*
7261** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7262**
7263** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7264** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7265**
7266** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7267** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7268** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7269** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7270** information.
7271**
7272** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7273** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7274** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7275** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7276** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7277** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7278*/
7279int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7280
7281/*
7282** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7283**
7284** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7285** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7286** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7287** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7288**
7289** <dl>
7290** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7291**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7292**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7293**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7294**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7295**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7296**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7297**
7298** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7299**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7300**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7301**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7302**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7303**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7304**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7305**
7306** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7307**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7308**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7309**   [busy-handler callback])
7310**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7311**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7312**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7313**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7314**
7315** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7316**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7317**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7318**   to a successful return.
7319** </dl>
7320**
7321** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7322** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7323** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7324** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7325** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7326** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7327** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7328** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7329** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7330**
7331** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7332** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7333** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7334** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7335**
7336** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7337** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7338** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7339** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7340** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7341** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7342** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7343** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7344** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7345** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7346**
7347** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7348** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7349** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7350** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7351** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7352** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7353** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7354** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7355** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7356** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7357** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7358**
7359** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7360** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7361** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7362** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7363**
7364** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7365** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7366** sets the error information that is queried by
7367** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7368**
7369** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7370** from SQL.
7371*/
7372int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7373  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7374  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7375  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7376  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7377  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7378);
7379
7380/*
7381** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7382** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7383**
7384** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7385** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7386** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7387** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7388*/
7389#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7390#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7391#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7392#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7393
7394/*
7395** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7396**
7397** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7398** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7399** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7400**
7401** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7402** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7403**
7404** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7405** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7406** may be added in the future.
7407*/
7408int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7409
7410/*
7411** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7412**
7413** These macros define the various options to the
7414** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7415** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7416**
7417** <dl>
7418** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7419** <dd>Calls of the form
7420** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7421** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7422** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7423** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7424** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7425** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7426** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7427** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7428**
7429** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7430** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7431** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7432** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7433** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7434** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7435** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7436** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7437** had been ABORT.
7438**
7439** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7440** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7441** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7442** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7443** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7444** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7445** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7446** constraint handling.
7447** </dl>
7448*/
7449#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7450
7451/*
7452** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7453**
7454** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7455** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7456** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7457** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7458** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7459** [virtual table].
7460*/
7461int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7462
7463/*
7464** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7465** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7466**
7467** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7468** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7469** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7470**
7471** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7472** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7473** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7474*/
7475#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7476/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7477#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7478/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7479#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7480
7481/*
7482** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7483** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7484**
7485** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7486** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7487** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7488**
7489** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7490** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7491** S is finalized.
7492**
7493** <dl>
7494** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7495** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7496** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7497**
7498** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7499** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7500** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7501**
7502** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7503** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7504** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
7505** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
7506** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
7507** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
7508** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
7509**
7510** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
7511** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7512** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
7513** used for the X-th loop.
7514**
7515** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
7516** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7517** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7518** description for the X-th loop.
7519**
7520** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
7521** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7522** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
7523** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
7524** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
7525** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
7526** </dl>
7527*/
7528#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
7529#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
7530#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
7531#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
7532#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
7533#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
7534
7535/*
7536** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
7537**
7538** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
7539** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
7540** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
7541** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
7542**
7543** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
7544** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
7545** compile-time option.
7546**
7547** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
7548** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
7549** of this interface is undefined.
7550** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
7551** the "pOut" parameter.
7552** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
7553** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
7554** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
7555** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
7556** points to is unchanged.
7557**
7558** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
7559** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
7560** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
7561** that pOut points to unchanged.
7562**
7563** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
7564*/
7565SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
7566  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
7567  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
7568  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
7569  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
7570);
7571
7572/*
7573** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
7574**
7575** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
7576**
7577** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
7578** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
7579*/
7580SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
7581
7582
7583/*
7584** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7585** builds on processors without floating point support.
7586*/
7587#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7588# undef double
7589#endif
7590
7591#ifdef __cplusplus
7592}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7593#endif
7594#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7595