xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision b0c4ef71)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#else
193# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
194# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
195#endif
196
197/*
198** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
199**
200** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
201** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
202** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
203**
204** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
205** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
206** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
207** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
208** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
209** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
210**
211** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
212** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
213** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
214** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
215**
216** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
217** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
218** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
219**
220** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
221** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
222** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
223** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
224** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
225** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
226** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
227** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
228** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
229** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
230**
231** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
232*/
233int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
234
235/*
236** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
237** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
238**
239** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
240** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
241** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
242** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
243** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
244** interfaces (such as
245** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
246** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
247** sqlite3 object.
248*/
249typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
250
251/*
252** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
253** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
254**
255** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
256** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
257**
258** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
259** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
260** compatibility only.
261**
262** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
263** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
264** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
265** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
266*/
267#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
268  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
269# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
270    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
271# else
272    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
273# endif
274#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
275  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
277#else
278  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
279  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
280#endif
281typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
282typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
283
284/*
285** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
286** substitute integer for floating-point.
287*/
288#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
289# define double sqlite3_int64
290#endif
291
292/*
293** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
294** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
295**
296** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
297** for the [sqlite3] object.
298** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
299** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
300** resources are deallocated.
301**
302** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
303** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
304** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
305** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
306** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
307** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
308** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
309** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
310** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
311** destructors are called is arbitrary.
312**
313** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
314** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
315** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
316** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
317** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
318** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
319** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
320** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
321** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
322**
323** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
324** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
325**
326** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
327** must be either a NULL
328** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
329** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
330** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
331** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
332** argument is a harmless no-op.
333*/
334int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
335int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
336
337/*
338** The type for a callback function.
339** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
340** compatibility and is not documented.
341*/
342typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
343
344/*
345** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
346** METHOD: sqlite3
347**
348** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
349** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
350** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
351** without having to use a lot of C code.
352**
353** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
354** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
355** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
356** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
357** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
358** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
359** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
360** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
361** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
362** ignored.
363**
364** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
365** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
366** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
368** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
369** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
370** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
371** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
372** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
373** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
374** NULL before returning.
375**
376** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
377** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
378** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
379**
380** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
381** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
382** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
383** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
384** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
385** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
386** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
387** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
388** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
389**
390** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
391** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
392** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
393** is not changed.
394**
395** Restrictions:
396**
397** <ul>
398** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
399**      is a valid and open [database connection].
400** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
401**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
402** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
403**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
404** </ul>
405*/
406int sqlite3_exec(
407  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
408  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
409  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
410  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
411  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
412);
413
414/*
415** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
416** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
417**
418** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
419** here in order to indicate success or failure.
420**
421** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
422**
423** See also: [extended result code definitions]
424*/
425#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
426/* beginning-of-error-codes */
427#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
428#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
429#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
430#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
431#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
432#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
433#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
434#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
435#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
436#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
437#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
438#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
439#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
440#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
441#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
442#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
443#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
444#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
445#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
446#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
447#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
448#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
449#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
450#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
451#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
452#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
453#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
454#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
455#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
456#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
457/* end-of-error-codes */
458
459/*
460** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
461** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
462**
463** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
464** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
465** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
466** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
467** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
468** and later) include
469** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
470** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
471** on a per database connection basis using the
472** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
473** the most recent error can be obtained using
474** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
475*/
476#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
478#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
508#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
509#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
510#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
513#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
518#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
519#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
520#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
521#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
524#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
525#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
526#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
527#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
528#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
534#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
535#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
539#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
540#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
541#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
542#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
544#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
545#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
546
547/*
548** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
549**
550** These bit values are intended for use in the
551** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
552** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
553*/
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
567#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
568#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
569#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
570#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
571#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
572#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
573#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
574#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
575
576/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
577
578/*
579** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
580**
581** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
582** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
583** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
584** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
585** refers to.
586**
587** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
588** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
589** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
590** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
591** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
592** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
593** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
594** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
595** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
596** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
597** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
598** file that were written at the application level might have changed
599** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
600** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
601** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
602** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
603** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
604** elevated privileges.
605**
606** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
607** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
608** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
609** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
610*/
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
618#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
619#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
620#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
621#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
622#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
623#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
624#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
625#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
626
627/*
628** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
629**
630** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
631** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
632** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
633*/
634#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
635#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
636#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
637#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
638#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
639
640/*
641** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
642**
643** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
644** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
645** these integer values as the second argument.
646**
647** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
648** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
649** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
650** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
651** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
652** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
653**
654** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
655** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
656** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
657** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
658** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
659** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
660** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
661** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
662** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
663** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
664** cares about the difference.)
665*/
666#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
667#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
668#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
669
670/*
671** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
672**
673** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
674** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
675** implementations will
676** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
677** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
678** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
679** I/O operations on the open file.
680*/
681typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
682struct sqlite3_file {
683  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
684};
685
686/*
687** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
688**
689** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
690** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
691** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
692** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
693** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
694**
695** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
696** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
697** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
698** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
699** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
700** to NULL.
701**
702** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
703** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
704** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
705** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
706** and not its inode needs to be synced.
707**
708** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
709** <ul>
710** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
711** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
712** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
713** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
714** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
715** </ul>
716** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
717** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
718** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
719** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
720** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
721**
722** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
723** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
724** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
725** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
726** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
727** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
728** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
729** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
730** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
731** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
732** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
733** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
734** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
735** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
736** recognize.
737**
738** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
739** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
740** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
741** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
742** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
743** underlying device:
744**
745** <ul>
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
753** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
754** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
755** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
756** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
757** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
758** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
759** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
760** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
761** </ul>
762**
763** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
764** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
765** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
766** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
767** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
768** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
769** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
770** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
771** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
772** to xWrite().
773**
774** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
775** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
776** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
777** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
778** database corruption.
779*/
780typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
781struct sqlite3_io_methods {
782  int iVersion;
783  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
784  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
785  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
786  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
787  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
788  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
789  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
790  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
791  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
792  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
793  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
794  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
795  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
796  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
797  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
798  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
799  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
800  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
801  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
802  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
803  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
804  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
805};
806
807/*
808** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
809** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
810**
811** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
812** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
813** interface.
814**
815** <ul>
816** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
817** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
818** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
819** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
820** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
821** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
822** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
823** compile-time option is used.
824**
825** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
826** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
827** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
828** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
829** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
830** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
831** file run faster.
832**
833** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
834** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
835** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
836** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
837** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
838** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
839** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
840** pointed to is set to the new limit.
841**
842** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
843** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
844** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
845** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
846** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
847** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
848** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
849** improve performance on some systems.
850**
851** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
852** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
853** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
854** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
855**
856** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
857** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
858** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
859** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
860** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
861**
862** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
863** No longer in use.
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
866** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
867** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
868** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
869** because the user has configured SQLite with
870** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
871** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
872** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
873** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
874** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
875** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
876** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
877** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
878**
879** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
880** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
881** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
882** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
883** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
884** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
885** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
886**
887** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
888** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
889** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
890** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
891** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
892** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
893** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
894** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
895** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
896** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
897** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
898** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
899** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
900** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
901** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
902** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
903**
904** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
905** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
906** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
907** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
908** files used for transaction control
909** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
910** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
911** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
912** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
913** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
914** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
915** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
916** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
917** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
918** WAL persistence setting.
919**
920** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
921** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
922** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
923** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
924** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
925** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
926** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
927** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
928** zero-damage mode setting.
929**
930** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
931** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
932** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
933** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
934** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
935**
936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
937** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
938** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
939** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
940** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
941** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
942** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
943** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
944** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
945** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
946** is intended for diagnostic use only.
947**
948** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
949** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
950** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
951** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
952** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
953** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
954** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
955** upper-most shim only.
956**
957** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
958** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
959** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
960** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
961** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
962** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
963** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
964** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
965** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
966** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
967** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
968** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
969** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
970** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
971** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
972** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
973** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
974** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
975** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
976** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
977** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
978** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
979** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
980** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
981**
982** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
983** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
984** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
985** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
986** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
987** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
988** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
989** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
990** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
991** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
992** current operation.
993**
994** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
995** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
996** to have SQLite generate a
997** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
998** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
999** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1000** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1001** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1002**
1003** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1004** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1005** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1006** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1007** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1008** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1009** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1010** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1011** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1012**
1013** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1014** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1015** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1016** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1017** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1018** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1019** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1020**
1021** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1022** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1023** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1024** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1025** was first opened.
1026**
1027** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1028** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1029** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1030** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1031** writes the resulting value there.
1032**
1033** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1034** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1035** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1036** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1037** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1038**
1039** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1040** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1041** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1042** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1043** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1044** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1045**
1046** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1047** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1048** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1049**
1050** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1051** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1052** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1053** this opcode.
1054**
1055** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1056** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1057** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1058** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1059** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1060** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1061** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1062** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1063** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1064** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1065** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1066** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1067**
1068** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1069** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1070** operations since the previous successful call to
1071** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1072** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1073** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1074** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1075** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1076** write operations are independent.
1077** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1078** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1079**
1080** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1081** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1082** operations since the previous successful call to
1083** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1084** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1085** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1086** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1087** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1088**
1089** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1090** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1091** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1092** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1093** unsigned integer parameter.
1094**
1095** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1096** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1097** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1098** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1099** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1100** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1101** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1102** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1103** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1104** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1105** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1106** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1107** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1108** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1109** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1110** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1111** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1112** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1113** a particular attached database.
1114** </ul>
1115*/
1116#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1117#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1118#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1119#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1120#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1121#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1122#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1123#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1124#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1125#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1126#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1127#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1128#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1129#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1130#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1131#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1132#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1133#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1134#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1135#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1136#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1137#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1138#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1139#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1140#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1141#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1142#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1143#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1144#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1145#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1146#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1147#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1148#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1149#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1150#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1151
1152/* deprecated names */
1153#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1154#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1155#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1156
1157
1158/*
1159** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1160**
1161** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1162** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1163** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1164** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1165**
1166** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1167*/
1168typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1169
1170/*
1171** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1172**
1173** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1174** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1175** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1176** on some platforms.
1177*/
1178typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1179
1180/*
1181** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1182**
1183** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1184** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1185** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1186** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1187**
1188** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1189** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1190** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1191** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1192** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1193** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1194** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1195** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1196** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1197** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1198** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1199** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1200**
1201** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1202** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1203** a pathname in this VFS.
1204**
1205** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1206** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1207** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1208** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1209** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1210** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1211**
1212** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1213** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1214** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1215** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1216** object once the object has been registered.
1217**
1218** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1219** be unique across all VFS modules.
1220**
1221** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1222** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1223** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1224** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1225** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1226** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1227** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1228** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1229** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1230** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1231** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1232** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1233** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1234** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1235** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1236** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1237**
1238** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1239** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1240** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1241** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1242** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1243** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1244**
1245** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1246** call, depending on the object being opened:
1247**
1248** <ul>
1249** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1250** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1251** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1252** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1253** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1254** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1255** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1256** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1257** </ul>)^
1258**
1259** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1260** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1261** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1262** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1263** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1264** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1265** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1266** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1267**
1268** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1269**
1270** <ul>
1271** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1272** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1273** </ul>
1274**
1275** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1276** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1277** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1278** databases, and subjournals.
1279**
1280** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1281** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1282** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1283** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1284** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1285** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1286** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1287** for exclusive access.
1288**
1289** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1290** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1291** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1292** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1293** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1294** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1295** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1296** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1297** or failure of the xOpen call.
1298**
1299** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1300** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1301** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1302** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1303** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1304** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1305** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1306** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1307** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1308** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1309** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1310** whether or not the file is accessible.
1311**
1312** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1313** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1314** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1315** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1316** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1317** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1318**
1319** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1320** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1321** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1322** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1323** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1324** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1325** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1326** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1327** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1328** a floating point value.
1329** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1330** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1331** a 24-hour day).
1332** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1333** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1334** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1335** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1336**
1337** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1338** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1339** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1340** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1341** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1342** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1343** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1344** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1345** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1346** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1347** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1348*/
1349typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1350typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1351struct sqlite3_vfs {
1352  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1353  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1354  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1355  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1356  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1357  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1358  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1359               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1360  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1361  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1362  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1363  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1364  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1365  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1366  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1367  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1368  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1369  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1370  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1371  /*
1372  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1373  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1374  */
1375  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1376  /*
1377  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1378  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1379  */
1380  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1381  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1382  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1383  /*
1384  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1385  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1386  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1387  */
1388};
1389
1390/*
1391** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1392**
1393** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1394** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1395** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1396** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1397** simply checks whether the file exists.
1398** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1399** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1400** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1401** the directory).
1402** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1403** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1404** release of SQLite.
1405** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1406** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1407** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1408** SQLite.
1409*/
1410#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1411#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1412#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1413
1414/*
1415** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1416**
1417** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1418** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1419** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1420** xShmLock method:
1421**
1422** <ul>
1423** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1424** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1425** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1426** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1427** </ul>
1428**
1429** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1430** was given on the corresponding lock.
1431**
1432** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1433** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1434** and EXCLUSIVE.
1435*/
1436#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1437#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1438#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1439#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1440
1441/*
1442** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1443**
1444** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1445** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1446** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1447** lock outside of this range
1448*/
1449#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1450
1451
1452/*
1453** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1454**
1455** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1456** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1457** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1458** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1459** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1460** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1461**
1462** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1463** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1464** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1465** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1466** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1467** are harmless no-ops.)^
1468**
1469** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1470** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1471** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1472** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1473**
1474** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1475** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1476** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1477** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1478** sqlite3_shutdown().
1479**
1480** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1481** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1482** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1483**
1484** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1485** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1486** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1487** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1488**
1489** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1490** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1491** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1492** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1493** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1494** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1495** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1496** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1497** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1498** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1499** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1500** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1501** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1502** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1503**
1504** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1505** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1506** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1507** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1508** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1509** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1510** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1511**
1512** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1513** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1514** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1515** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1516** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1517** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1518** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1519** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1520** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1521** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1522** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1523** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1524** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1525** failure.
1526*/
1527int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1528int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1529int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1530int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1531
1532/*
1533** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1534**
1535** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1536** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1537** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1538** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1539** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1540**
1541** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1542** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1543** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1544**
1545** The sqlite3_config() interface
1546** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1547** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1548** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1549** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1550** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1551** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1552**
1553** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1554** [configuration option] that determines
1555** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1556** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1557** in the first argument.
1558**
1559** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1560** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1561** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1562*/
1563int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1564
1565/*
1566** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1567** METHOD: sqlite3
1568**
1569** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1570** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1571** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1572** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1573**
1574** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1575** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1576** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1577** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1578**
1579** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1580** the call is considered successful.
1581*/
1582int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1583
1584/*
1585** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1586**
1587** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1588** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1589**
1590** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1591** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1592** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1593** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1594** By creating an instance of this object
1595** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1596** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1597** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1598** dynamic memory needs.
1599**
1600** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1601** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1602** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1603** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1604** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1605** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1606** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1607** conditions.
1608**
1609** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1610** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1611** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1612** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1613**
1614** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1615** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1616** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1617**
1618** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1619** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1620** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1621** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1622** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1623** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1624** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1625**
1626** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1627** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1628** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1629** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1630** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1631** xInit and xShutdown.
1632**
1633** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1634** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1635** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1636** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1637** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1638** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1639** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1640** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1641** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1642** serialization.
1643**
1644** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1645** call to xShutdown().
1646*/
1647typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1648struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1649  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1650  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1651  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1652  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1653  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1654  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1655  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1656  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1657};
1658
1659/*
1660** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1661** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1662**
1663** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1664** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1665**
1666** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1667** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1668** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1669** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1670** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1671** is invoked.
1672**
1673** <dl>
1674** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1675** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1676** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1677** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1678** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1679** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1680** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1681** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1682** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1683** configuration option.</dd>
1684**
1685** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1686** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1687** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1688** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1689** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1690** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1691** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1692** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1693** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1694** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1695** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1696** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1697** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1698**
1699** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1700** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1701** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1702** all mutexes including the recursive
1703** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1704** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1705** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1706** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1707** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1708** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1709** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1710** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1711** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1712** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1713** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1714**
1715** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1716** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1717** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1718** The argument specifies
1719** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1720** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1721** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1722** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1723**
1724** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1725** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1726** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1727** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1728** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1729** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1730** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1731** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1732**
1733** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1734** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1735** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1736** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1737** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1738** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1739** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1740** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1741** </dd>
1742**
1743** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1744** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1745** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1746** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1747** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1748**   <ul>
1749**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1750**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1751**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1752**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1753**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1754**   </ul>)^
1755** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1756** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1757** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1758** </dd>
1759**
1760** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1761** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1762** </dd>
1763**
1764** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1765** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1766** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1767** cache implementation.
1768** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1769** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1770** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1771** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1772** and the number of cache lines (N).
1773** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1774** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1775** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1776** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1777** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1778** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1779** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1780** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1781** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1782** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1783** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1784** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1785** is exhausted.
1786** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1787** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1788** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1789** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1790** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1791** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1792** additional cache line. </dd>
1793**
1794** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1795** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1796** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1797** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1798** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1799** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1800** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1801** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1802** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1803** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1804** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1805** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1806** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1807** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1808** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1809** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1810** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1811** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1812** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1813**
1814** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1815** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1816** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1817** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1818** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1819** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1820** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1821** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1822** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1823** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1824** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1825**
1826** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1827** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1828** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1829** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1830** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1831** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1832** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1833** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1834** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1835** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1836** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1837** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1838**
1839** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1840** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1841** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1842** The first argument is the
1843** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1844** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1845** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1846** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1847** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1848**
1849** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1850** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1851** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1852** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1853** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1854**
1855** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1856** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1857** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1858** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1859**
1860** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1861** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1862** global [error log].
1863** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1864** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1865** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1866** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1867** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1868** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1869** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1870** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1871** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1872** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1873** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1874** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1875** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1876** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1877** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1878** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1879**
1880** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1881** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1882** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1883** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1884** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1885** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1886** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1887** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1888** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1889** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1890** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1891** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1892** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1893**
1894** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1895** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1896** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1897** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1898** ^The default setting is determined
1899** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1900** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1901** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1902** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1903** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1904** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1905** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1906**
1907** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1908** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1909** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1910** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1911** </dd>
1912**
1913** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1914** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1915** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1916** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1917** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1918** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1919** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1920** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1921** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1922** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1923** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1924** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1925** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1926** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1927** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1928** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1929**
1930** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1931** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1932** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1933** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1934** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1935** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1936** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1937** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1938** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1939** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1940** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1941** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1942** changed to its compile-time default.
1943**
1944** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1945** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1946** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1947** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1948** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1949** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1950**
1951** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1952** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1953** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1954** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1955** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1956** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1957** target platform, and SQLite version.
1958**
1959** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1960** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1961** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1962** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1963** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1964** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1965** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1966** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1967** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1968** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1969**
1970** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1971** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1972** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1973** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1974** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1975** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1976** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1977** exclusively in memory.
1978** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1979** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1980** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1981** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1982** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1983**
1984** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1985** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1986** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1987** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1988** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1989** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1990** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1991** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1992** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1993** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1994** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1995** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1996** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1997** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1998** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1999**
2000** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2001** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2002** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2003** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2004** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2005** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2006** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2007** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2008** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2009** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2010** </dl>
2011*/
2012#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2013#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2014#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2015#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2016#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2017#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2018#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2019#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2020#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2021#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2022#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2023/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2024#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2025#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2026#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2027#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2028#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2029#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2030#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2031#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2032#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2033#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2034#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2035#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2036#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2037#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2038#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2039#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2040#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2041
2042/*
2043** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2044**
2045** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2046** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2047**
2048** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2049** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2050** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2051** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2052** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2053** is invoked.
2054**
2055** <dl>
2056** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2057** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2058** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2059** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2060** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2061** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2062** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2063** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2064** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2065** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2066** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2067** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2068** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2069** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2070** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2071** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2072** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2073** when the "current value" returned by
2074** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2075** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2076** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2077** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2078**
2079** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2080** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2081** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2082** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2083** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2084** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2085** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2086** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2087** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2088** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2089**
2090** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2091** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2092** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2093** There should be two additional arguments.
2094** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2095** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2096** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2097** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2098** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2099** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2100**
2101** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2102** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2103** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2104** There should be two additional arguments.
2105** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2106** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2107** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2108** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2109** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2110** which case the view setting is not reported back. </dd>
2111**
2112** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2113** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2114** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2115** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2116** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2117** There should be two additional arguments.
2118** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2119** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2120** unchanged.
2121** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2122** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2123** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2124** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2125**
2126** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2127** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2128** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2129** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2130** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2131** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2132** There should be two additional arguments.
2133** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2134** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2135** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2136** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2137** C-API or the SQL function.
2138** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2139** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2140** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2141** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2142** </dd>
2143**
2144** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2145** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2146** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2147** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2148** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2149** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2150** until after the database connection closes.
2151** </dd>
2152**
2153** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2154** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2155** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2156** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2157** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2158** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2159** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2160** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2161** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2162** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2163** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2164** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2165** </dd>
2166**
2167** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2168** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2169** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2170** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2171** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2172** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2173** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2174** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2175** was used during testing in the lab.
2176** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2177** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2178** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2179** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2180** following this call.
2181** </dd>
2182**
2183** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2184** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2185** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2186** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2187** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2188** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2189** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2190** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2191** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2192** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2193** </dd>
2194**
2195** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2196** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2197** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2198** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2199** a badly corrupted database file:
2200** <ol>
2201** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2202**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2203**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2204**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2205**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2206**      the reset.
2207** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2208** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2209** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2210** </ol>
2211** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2212** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2213** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2214**
2215** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2216** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2217** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2218** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2219** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2220** features include but are not limited to the following:
2221** <ul>
2222** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2223** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2224** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2225** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2226** </ul>
2227** </dd>
2228**
2229** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2230** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2231** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2232** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2233** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2234** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2235** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2236** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2237** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2238** </dd>
2239**
2240** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2241** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2242** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2243** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2244** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2245** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2246** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2247** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2248** </dd>
2249**
2250** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2251** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2252** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2253** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2254** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2255** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2256** compile-time option.
2257** </dd>
2258**
2259** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2260** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2261** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2262** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2263** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2264** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2265** compile-time option.
2266** </dd>
2267**
2268** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2269** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
2270** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells the SQLite to
2271** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2272** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2273** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2274** including, but not limited to, the following:
2275** <ul>
2276** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2277** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT VALUEs, index definitions, and/or
2278** generated columns unless those functions are tagged
2279** with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2280** <li> Pohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers and/or views
2281** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2282** </ul>
2283** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2284** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible.
2285** </dd>
2286**
2287** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2288** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2289** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2290** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2291** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2292** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2293** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2294** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2295** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2296** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2297** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2298** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2299** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2300** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2301** 3.0.0.
2302** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2303** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2304** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2305** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2306** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2307** </dd>
2308** </dl>
2309*/
2310#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2311#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2312#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2313#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2314#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2315#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2316#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2317#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2318#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2319#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2320#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2321#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2322#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2323#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2324#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2325#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2326#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2327#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2328#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2329
2330/*
2331** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2332** METHOD: sqlite3
2333**
2334** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2335** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2336** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2337*/
2338int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2339
2340/*
2341** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2342** METHOD: sqlite3
2343**
2344** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2345** has a unique 64-bit signed
2346** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2347** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2348** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2349** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2350** is another alias for the rowid.
2351**
2352** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2353** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2354** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2355** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2356** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2357** zero.
2358**
2359** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2360** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2361** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2362**
2363** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2364** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2365** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2366** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2367** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2368** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2369** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2370** control to the user.
2371**
2372** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2373** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2374** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2375** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2376**
2377** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2378** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2379** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2380** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2381** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2382** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2383** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2384** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2385** the return value of this interface.)^
2386**
2387** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2388** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2389**
2390** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2391** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2392**
2393** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2394** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2395** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2396** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2397** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2398** last insert [rowid].
2399*/
2400sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2401
2402/*
2403** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2404** METHOD: sqlite3
2405**
2406** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2407** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2408** without inserting a row into the database.
2409*/
2410void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2411
2412/*
2413** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2414** METHOD: sqlite3
2415**
2416** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2417** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2418** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2419** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2420** returned by this function.
2421**
2422** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2423** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2424** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2425**
2426** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2427** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2428** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2429** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2430** tables are counted.
2431**
2432** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2433** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2434** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2435** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2436**
2437** <ul>
2438**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2439**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2440**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2441**
2442**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2443**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2444**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2445**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2446**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2447** </ul>
2448**
2449** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2450** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2451** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2452** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2453** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2454** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2455**
2456** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2457** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2458** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2459**
2460** See also:
2461** <ul>
2462** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2463** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2464** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2465** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2466** </ul>
2467*/
2468int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2469
2470/*
2471** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2472** METHOD: sqlite3
2473**
2474** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2475** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2476** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2477** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2478** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2479**
2480** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2481** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2482** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2483** are not counted.
2484**
2485** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2486** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2487** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2488** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2489** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2490** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2491**
2492** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2493** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2494** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2495**
2496** See also:
2497** <ul>
2498** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2499** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2500** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2501** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2502** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2503** </ul>
2504*/
2505int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2506
2507/*
2508** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2509** METHOD: sqlite3
2510**
2511** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2512** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2513** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2514** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2515** immediately.
2516**
2517** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2518** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2519** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2520** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2521**
2522** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2523** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2524** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2525**
2526** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2527** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2528** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2529** will be rolled back automatically.
2530**
2531** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2532** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2533** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2534** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2535** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2536** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2537** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2538** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2539** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2540** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2541*/
2542void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2543
2544/*
2545** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2546**
2547** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2548** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2549** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2550** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2551** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2552** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2553** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2554** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2555** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2556** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2557** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2558**
2559** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2560** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2561**
2562** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2563** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2564**
2565** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2566** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2567** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2568** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2569** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2570**
2571** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2572** UTF-8 string.
2573**
2574** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2575** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2576*/
2577int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2578int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2579
2580/*
2581** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2582** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2583** METHOD: sqlite3
2584**
2585** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2586** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2587** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2588** [database connection] D when another thread
2589** or process has the table locked.
2590** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2591** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2592**
2593** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2594** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2595** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2596**
2597** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2598** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2599** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2600** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2601** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2602** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2603** to the application.
2604** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2605** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2606**
2607** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2608** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2609** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2610** to the application instead of invoking the
2611** busy handler.
2612** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2613** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2614** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2615** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2616** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2617** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2618** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2619** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2620** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2621** the second process to proceed.
2622**
2623** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2624**
2625** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2626** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2627** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2628** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2629** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2630**
2631** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2632** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2633** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2634** result in undefined behavior.
2635**
2636** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2637** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2638*/
2639int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2640
2641/*
2642** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2643** METHOD: sqlite3
2644**
2645** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2646** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2647** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2648** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2649** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2650** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2651**
2652** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2653** turns off all busy handlers.
2654**
2655** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2656** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2657** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2658** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2659**
2660** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2661*/
2662int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2663
2664/*
2665** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2666** METHOD: sqlite3
2667**
2668** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2669** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2670**
2671** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2672** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2673** complete query results from one or more queries.
2674**
2675** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2676** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2677** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2678** and M be the number of columns.
2679**
2680** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2681** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2682** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2683** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2684** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2685** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2686**
2687** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2688** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2689** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2690**
2691** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2692** is as follows:
2693**
2694** <blockquote><pre>
2695**        Name        | Age
2696**        -----------------------
2697**        Alice       | 43
2698**        Bob         | 28
2699**        Cindy       | 21
2700** </pre></blockquote>
2701**
2702** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2703** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2704** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2705**
2706** <blockquote><pre>
2707**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2708**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2709**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2710**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2711**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2712**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2713**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2714**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2715** </pre></blockquote>)^
2716**
2717** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2718** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2719** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2720** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2721**
2722** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2723** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2724** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2725** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2726** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2727** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2728**
2729** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2730** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2731** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2732** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2733** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2734** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2735** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2736*/
2737int sqlite3_get_table(
2738  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2739  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2740  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2741  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2742  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2743  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2744);
2745void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2746
2747/*
2748** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2749**
2750** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2751** from the standard C library.
2752** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2753** the standard library printf()
2754** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2755** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2756**
2757** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2758** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2759** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2760** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2761** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2762** memory to hold the resulting string.
2763**
2764** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2765** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2766** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2767** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2768** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2769** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2770** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2771** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2772** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2773** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2774** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2775** now without breaking compatibility.
2776**
2777** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2778** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2779** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2780** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2781** written will be n-1 characters.
2782**
2783** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2784**
2785** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2786*/
2787char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2788char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2789char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2790char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2791
2792/*
2793** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2794**
2795** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2796** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2797** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2798** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2799**
2800** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2801** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2802** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2803** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2804** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2805** a NULL pointer.
2806**
2807** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2808** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2809** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2810**
2811** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2812** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2813** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2814** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2815** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2816** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2817** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2818** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2819** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2820** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2821**
2822** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2823** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2824** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2825** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2826** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2827** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2828** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2829** sqlite3_free(X).
2830** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2831** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2832** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2833** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2834** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2835** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2836** prior allocation is not freed.
2837**
2838** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2839** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2840** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2841**
2842** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2843** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2844** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2845** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2846** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2847** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2848** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2849** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2850** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2851**
2852** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2853** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2854** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2855** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2856** option is used.
2857**
2858** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2859** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2860** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2861** not yet been released.
2862**
2863** The application must not read or write any part of
2864** a block of memory after it has been released using
2865** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2866*/
2867void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2868void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2869void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2870void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2871void sqlite3_free(void*);
2872sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2873
2874/*
2875** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2876**
2877** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2878** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2879** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2880**
2881** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2882** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2883** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2884** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2885** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2886** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2887** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2888** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2889** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2890**
2891** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2892** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2893** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2894** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2895** prior to the reset.
2896*/
2897sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2898sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2899
2900/*
2901** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2902**
2903** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2904** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2905** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2906** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2907** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2908**
2909** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2910** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2911**
2912** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2913** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2914** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2915** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2916** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2917** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2918** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2919** method.
2920*/
2921void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2922
2923/*
2924** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2925** METHOD: sqlite3
2926** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2927**
2928** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2929** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2930** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2931** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2932** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2933** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2934** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2935** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2936** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2937** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2938** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2939** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2940** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2941** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2942** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2943** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2944**
2945** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2946** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2947** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2948** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2949** access is denied.
2950**
2951** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2952** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2953** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2954** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2955** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2956** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2957** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2958** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2959**
2960** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2961** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2962** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2963** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2964** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2965** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2966** columns of a table.
2967** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2968** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2969** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2970** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2971** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2972** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2973** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2974**
2975** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2976** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2977** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2978** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2979** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2980** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2981** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2982** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2983** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2984** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2985**
2986** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2987** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2988** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2989** in addition to using an authorizer.
2990**
2991** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2992** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2993** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2994** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2995**
2996** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2997** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2998** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2999** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3000**
3001** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3002** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3003** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3004** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3005**
3006** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3007** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3008** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3009** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3010** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3011*/
3012int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3013  sqlite3*,
3014  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3015  void *pUserData
3016);
3017
3018/*
3019** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3020**
3021** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3022** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3023** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3024** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3025** information.
3026**
3027** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3028** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3029*/
3030#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3031#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3032
3033/*
3034** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3035**
3036** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3037** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3038** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3039** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3040** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3041**
3042** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3043** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3044** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3045** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3046** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3047** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3048** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3049** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3050** top-level SQL code.
3051*/
3052/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3053#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3054#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3055#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3056#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3057#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3058#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3059#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3060#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3061#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3062#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3063#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3064#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3065#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3066#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3067#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3068#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3069#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3070#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3071#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3072#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3073#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3074#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3075#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3076#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3077#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3078#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3079#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3080#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3081#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3082#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3083#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3084#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3085#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3086#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3087
3088/*
3089** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3090** METHOD: sqlite3
3091**
3092** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3093** instead of the routines described here.
3094**
3095** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3096** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3097**
3098** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3099** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3100** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3101** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3102** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3103** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3104** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3105**
3106** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3107** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3108**
3109** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3110** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3111** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3112** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3113** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3114** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3115** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3116** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3117** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3118** profile callback.
3119*/
3120SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3121   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3122SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3123   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3124
3125/*
3126** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3127** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3128**
3129** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3130** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3131** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3132** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3133** is one of the following constants.
3134**
3135** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3136**
3137** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3138** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3139** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3140** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3141** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3142**
3143** <dl>
3144** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3145** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3146** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3147** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3148** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3149** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3150** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3151** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3152** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3153** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3154** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3155**
3156** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3157** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3158** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3159** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3160** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3161** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3162** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3163**
3164** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3165** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3166** statement generates a single row of result.
3167** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3168** X argument is unused.
3169**
3170** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3171** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3172** connection closes.
3173** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3174** and the X argument is unused.
3175** </dl>
3176*/
3177#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3178#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3179#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3180#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3181
3182/*
3183** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3184** METHOD: sqlite3
3185**
3186** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3187** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3188** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3189** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3190** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3191** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3192**
3193** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3194** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3195**
3196** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3197** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3198** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3199** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3200**
3201** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3202** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3203** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3204** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3205** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3206**
3207** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3208** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3209** are deprecated.
3210*/
3211int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3212  sqlite3*,
3213  unsigned uMask,
3214  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3215  void *pCtx
3216);
3217
3218/*
3219** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3220** METHOD: sqlite3
3221**
3222** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3223** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3224** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3225** database connection D.  An example use for this
3226** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3227**
3228** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3229** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3230** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3231** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3232** handler is disabled.
3233**
3234** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3235** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3236** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3237** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3238** than 1.
3239**
3240** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3241** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3242** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3243**
3244** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3245** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3246** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3247** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3248**
3249*/
3250void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3251
3252/*
3253** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3254** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3255**
3256** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3257** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3258** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3259** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3260** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3261** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3262** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3263** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3264** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3265** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3266** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3267** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3268**
3269** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3270** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3271** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3272**
3273** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3274** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3275** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3276**
3277** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3278** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3279** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3280** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3281** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3282** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3283** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3284**
3285** <dl>
3286** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3287** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3288** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3289**
3290** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3291** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3292** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3293** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3294**
3295** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3296** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3297** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3298** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3299** </dl>
3300**
3301** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3302** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3303** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3304** then the behavior is undefined.
3305**
3306** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3307** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3308** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3309** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3310** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3311** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3312** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3313** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3314** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3315** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3316** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3317**
3318** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3319** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3320** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3321** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3322**
3323** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3324** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3325** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3326** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3327** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3328** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3329** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3330**
3331** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3332** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3333** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3334**
3335** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3336**
3337** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3338** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3339** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3340** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3341** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3342** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3343** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3344** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3345** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3346** information.
3347**
3348** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3349** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3350** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3351** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3352** present, is ignored.
3353**
3354** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3355** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3356** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3357** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3358** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3359** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3360** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3361**
3362** [[core URI query parameters]]
3363** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3364** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3365** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3366** following query parameters:
3367**
3368** <ul>
3369**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3370**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3371**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3372**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3373**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3374**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3375**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3376**
3377**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3378**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3379**     an error)^.
3380**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3381**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3382**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3383**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3384**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3385**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3386**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3387**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3388**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3389**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3390**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3391**
3392**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3393**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3394**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3395**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3396**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3397**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3398**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3399**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3400**
3401**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3402**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3403**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3404**
3405**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3406**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3407**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3408**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3409**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3410**     processes uses nolock=1.
3411**
3412**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3413**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3414**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3415**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3416**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3417**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3418**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3419**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3420**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3421**
3422** </ul>
3423**
3424** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3425** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3426** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3427** additional information.
3428**
3429** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3430**
3431** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3432** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3433** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3434**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3435** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3436**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3437**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3438**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3439** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3440**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3441** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3442**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3443**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3444**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3445**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3446**          in URI filenames.
3447** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3448**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3449**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3450**          default, use a private cache.
3451** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3452**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3453**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3454** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3455**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3456** </table>
3457**
3458** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3459** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3460** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3461** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3462** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3463** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3464** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3465** the results are undefined.
3466**
3467** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3468** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3469** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3470** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3471** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3472**
3473** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3474** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3475** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3476**
3477** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3478*/
3479int sqlite3_open(
3480  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3481  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3482);
3483int sqlite3_open16(
3484  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3485  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3486);
3487int sqlite3_open_v2(
3488  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3489  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3490  int flags,              /* Flags */
3491  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3492);
3493
3494/*
3495** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3496**
3497** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3498** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3499** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3500**
3501** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3502** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3503** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3504** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3505** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3506** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3507** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3508** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3509** a pointer to an empty string.
3510**
3511** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3512** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3513** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3514** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3515** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3516** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3517** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3518** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3519** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3520** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3521**
3522** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3523** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3524** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3525** zero is returned.
3526**
3527** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3528** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3529** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3530** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3531** undesirable.
3532**
3533** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3534*/
3535const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3536int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3537sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3538
3539
3540/*
3541** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3542** METHOD: sqlite3
3543**
3544** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3545** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3546** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3547** API call.
3548** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3549** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3550** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3551** disabled.
3552**
3553** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3554** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3555** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3556** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3557** interfaces are:
3558**
3559** <ul>
3560** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3561** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3562** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3563** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3564** </ul>
3565**
3566** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3567** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3568** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3569** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3570** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3571** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3572**
3573** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3574** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3575** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3576** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3577**
3578** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3579** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3580** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3581** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3582** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3583** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3584** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3585** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3586** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3587**
3588** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3589** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3590** error code and message may or may not be set.
3591*/
3592int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3593int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3594const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3595const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3596const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3597
3598/*
3599** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3600** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3601**
3602** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3603** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3604**
3605** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3606** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3607** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3608** prepared statement before it can be run.
3609**
3610** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3611**
3612** <ol>
3613** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3614** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3615**      interfaces.
3616** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3617** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3618**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3619** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3620** </ol>
3621*/
3622typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3623
3624/*
3625** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3626** METHOD: sqlite3
3627**
3628** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3629** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3630** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3631** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3632** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3633** new limit for that construct.)^
3634**
3635** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3636** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3637** [limits | hard upper bound]
3638** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3639** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3640** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3641** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3642** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3643**
3644** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3645** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3646** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3647** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3648**
3649** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3650** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3651** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3652** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3653** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3654** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3655** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3656** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3657** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3658** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3659** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3660** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3661**
3662** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3663*/
3664int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3665
3666/*
3667** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3668** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3669**
3670** These constants define various performance limits
3671** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3672** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3673** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3674**
3675** <dl>
3676** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3677** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3678**
3679** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3680** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3681**
3682** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3683** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3684** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3685** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3686**
3687** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3688** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3689**
3690** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3691** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3692**
3693** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3694** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3695** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3696** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3697** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3698**
3699** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3700** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3701**
3702** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3703** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3704**
3705** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3706** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3707** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3708** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3709**
3710** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3711** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3712** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3713**
3714** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3715** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3716**
3717** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3718** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3719** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3720** </dl>
3721*/
3722#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3723#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3724#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3725#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3726#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3727#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3728#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3729#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3730#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3731#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3732#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3733#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3734
3735/*
3736** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3737**
3738** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3739** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3740** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3741**
3742** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3743**
3744** <dl>
3745** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3746** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3747** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3748** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3749** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3750** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3751** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3752** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3753** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3754** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3755**
3756** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3757** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
3758** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
3759** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
3760** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
3761** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
3762** flag.
3763**
3764** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
3765** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
3766** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
3767** any virtual tables.
3768** </dl>
3769*/
3770#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3771#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3772#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
3773
3774/*
3775** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3776** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3777** METHOD: sqlite3
3778** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3779**
3780** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3781** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3782** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3783**
3784** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3785** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3786** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3787** for special purposes.
3788**
3789** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3790** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3791** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3792** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3793**
3794** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3795** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3796** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3797**
3798** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3799** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3800** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3801** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3802** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3803**
3804** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3805** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3806** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3807** statement is generated.
3808** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3809** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3810** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3811** the nul-terminator.
3812**
3813** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3814** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3815** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3816** what remains uncompiled.
3817**
3818** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3819** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3820** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3821** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3822** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3823** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3824** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3825**
3826** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3827** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3828**
3829** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3830** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3831** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3832** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3833** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3834** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3835** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3836** behave differently in three ways:
3837**
3838** <ol>
3839** <li>
3840** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3841** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3842** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3843** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3844** </li>
3845**
3846** <li>
3847** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3848** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3849** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3850** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3851** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3852** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3853** </li>
3854**
3855** <li>
3856** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
3857** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3858** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3859** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3860** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3861** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3862** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3863** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3864** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
3865** </li>
3866** </ol>
3867**
3868** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3869** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3870** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3871** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3872** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3873*/
3874int sqlite3_prepare(
3875  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3876  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3877  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3878  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3879  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3880);
3881int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3882  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3883  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3884  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3885  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3886  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3887);
3888int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3889  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3890  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3891  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3892  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3893  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3894  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3895);
3896int sqlite3_prepare16(
3897  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3898  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3899  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3900  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3901  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3902);
3903int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3904  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3905  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3906  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3907  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3908  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3909);
3910int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3911  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3912  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3913  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3914  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3915  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3916  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3917);
3918
3919/*
3920** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3921** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3922**
3923** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3924** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3925** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3926** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3927** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3928** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3929** [bound parameters] expanded.
3930** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3931** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
3932** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
3933** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
3934** placeholders.
3935**
3936** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3937** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3938** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3939** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3940** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3941**
3942** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3943** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3944** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3945**
3946** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3947** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3948** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3949**
3950** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
3951** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
3952** statement is finalized.
3953** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3954** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3955** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3956*/
3957const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3958char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3959const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3960
3961/*
3962** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3963** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3964**
3965** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3966** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3967** the content of the database file.
3968**
3969** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3970** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3971** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3972** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3973** change the database file through side-effects:
3974**
3975** <blockquote><pre>
3976**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3977** </pre></blockquote>
3978**
3979** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3980** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3981**
3982** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3983** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3984** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3985** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3986** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3987** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3988** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3989** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3990** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3991** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3992** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3993** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3994*/
3995int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3996
3997/*
3998** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
3999** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4000**
4001** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4002** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4003** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4004** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4005** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4006*/
4007int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4008
4009/*
4010** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4011** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4012**
4013** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4014** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4015** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4016** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4017** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4018** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4019** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4020** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4021**
4022** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4023** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4024** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4025** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4026** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4027*/
4028int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4029
4030/*
4031** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4032** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4033**
4034** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4035** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4036** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4037** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4038**
4039** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4040** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4041** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4042** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4043** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4044** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4045** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4046**
4047** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4048** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4049** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4050** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4051** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4052** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4053** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4054** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4055** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4056** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4057** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4058** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4059**
4060** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4061** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4062** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4063** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4064** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4065** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4066** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4067** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4068** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4069*/
4070typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4071
4072/*
4073** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4074**
4075** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4076** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4077** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4078** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4079** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4080** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4081** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4082** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4083*/
4084typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4085
4086/*
4087** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4088** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4089** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4090** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4091**
4092** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4093** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4094** templates:
4095**
4096** <ul>
4097** <li>  ?
4098** <li>  ?NNN
4099** <li>  :VVV
4100** <li>  @VVV
4101** <li>  $VVV
4102** </ul>
4103**
4104** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4105** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4106** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4107** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4108**
4109** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4110** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4111** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4112**
4113** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4114** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4115** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4116** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4117** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4118** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4119** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4120** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4121** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
4122**
4123** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4124** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4125** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4126** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4127**
4128** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4129** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4130** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4131** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4132** is negative, then the length of the string is
4133** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4134** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4135** the behavior is undefined.
4136** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4137** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4138** that parameter must be the byte offset
4139** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4140** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
4141** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4142** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4143** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4144**
4145** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
4146** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
4147** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
4148** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
4149** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
4150** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4151** ^If the fifth argument is
4152** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
4153** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
4154** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
4155** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
4156** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
4157**
4158** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4159** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4160** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4161** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4162** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4163** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4164** is undefined.
4165**
4166** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4167** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4168** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4169** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4170** content is later written using
4171** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4172** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4173**
4174** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4175** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4176** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4177** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4178** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4179** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4180** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4181** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4182**
4183** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4184** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4185** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4186** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4187** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4188** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4189**
4190** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4191** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4192**
4193** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4194** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4195** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4196** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4197** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4198** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4199** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4200**
4201** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4202** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4203*/
4204int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4205int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4206                        void(*)(void*));
4207int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4208int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4209int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4210int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4211int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4212int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4213int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4214                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4215int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4216int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4217int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4218int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4219
4220/*
4221** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4222** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4223**
4224** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4225** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4226** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4227** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4228** to the parameters at a later time.
4229**
4230** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4231** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4232** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4233** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4234**
4235** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4236** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4237** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4238*/
4239int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4240
4241/*
4242** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4243** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4244**
4245** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4246** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4247** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4248** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4249** respectively.
4250** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4251** is included as part of the name.)^
4252** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4253** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4254**
4255** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4256**
4257** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4258** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4259** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4260** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4261** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4262**
4263** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4264** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4265** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4266*/
4267const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4268
4269/*
4270** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4271** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4272**
4273** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4274** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4275** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4276** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4277** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4278** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4279** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4280**
4281** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4282** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4283** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4284*/
4285int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4286
4287/*
4288** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4289** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4290**
4291** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4292** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4293** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4294*/
4295int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4296
4297/*
4298** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4299** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4300**
4301** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4302** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4303** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4304** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4305** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4306** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4307** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4308**
4309** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4310*/
4311int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4312
4313/*
4314** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4315** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4316**
4317** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4318** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4319** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4320** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4321** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4322** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4323** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4324**
4325** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4326** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4327** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4328** or until the next call to
4329** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4330**
4331** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4332** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4333** NULL pointer is returned.
4334**
4335** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4336** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4337** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4338** one release of SQLite to the next.
4339*/
4340const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4341const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4342
4343/*
4344** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4345** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4346**
4347** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4348** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4349** [SELECT] statement.
4350** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4351** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4352** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4353** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4354** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4355** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4356** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4357** or until the same information is requested
4358** again in a different encoding.
4359**
4360** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4361** database, table, and column.
4362**
4363** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4364** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4365** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4366** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4367**
4368** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4369** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4370** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4371** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4372** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4373**
4374** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4375** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4376**
4377** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4378** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4379**
4380** If two or more threads call one or more
4381** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4382** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4383** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4384*/
4385const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4386const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4387const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4388const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4389const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4390const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4391
4392/*
4393** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4394** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4395**
4396** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4397** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4398** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4399** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4400** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4401** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4402** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4403**
4404** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4405**
4406** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4407**
4408** and the following statement to be compiled:
4409**
4410** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4411**
4412** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4413** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4414**
4415** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4416** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4417** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4418** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4419** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4420** used to hold those values.
4421*/
4422const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4423const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4424
4425/*
4426** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4427** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4428**
4429** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4430** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4431** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4432** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4433** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4434**
4435** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4436** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4437** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4438** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4439** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4440** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4441** interface will continue to be supported.
4442**
4443** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4444** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4445** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4446** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4447**
4448** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4449** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4450** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4451** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4452** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4453** continuing.
4454**
4455** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4456** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4457** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4458** machine back to its initial state.
4459**
4460** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4461** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4462** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4463** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4464**
4465** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4466** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4467** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4468** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4469** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4470** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4471** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4472** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4473**
4474** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4475** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4476** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4477** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4478** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4479** more threads at the same moment in time.
4480**
4481** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4482** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4483** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4484** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4485** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4486** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4487** sqlite3_step() began
4488** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4489** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4490** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4491** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4492** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4493**
4494** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4495** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4496** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4497** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4498** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4499** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4500** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4501** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4502** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4503** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4504** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4505** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4506*/
4507int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4508
4509/*
4510** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4511** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4512**
4513** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4514** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4515** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4516** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4517** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4518** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4519** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4520** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4521** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4522** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4523** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4524** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4525**
4526** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4527*/
4528int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4529
4530/*
4531** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4532** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4533**
4534** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4535**
4536** <ul>
4537** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4538** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4539** <li> string
4540** <li> BLOB
4541** <li> NULL
4542** </ul>)^
4543**
4544** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4545**
4546** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4547** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4548** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4549** SQLITE_TEXT.
4550*/
4551#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4552#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4553#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4554#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4555#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4556# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4557#else
4558# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4559#endif
4560#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4561
4562/*
4563** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4564** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4565** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4566**
4567** <b>Summary:</b>
4568** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4569** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4570** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4571** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4572** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4573** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4574** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4575** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4576** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4577** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4578** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4579** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4580** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4581** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4582** TEXT in bytes
4583** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4584** datatype of the result
4585** </table></blockquote>
4586**
4587** <b>Details:</b>
4588**
4589** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4590** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4591** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4592** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4593** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4594** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4595** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4596** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4597**
4598** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4599** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4600** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4601** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4602** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4603** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4604** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4605** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4606** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4607** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4608** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4609**
4610** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4611** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4612** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4613** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4614** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4615**
4616** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4617** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4618** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4619** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4620** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4621** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4622** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4623** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4624** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4625** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4626** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4627** following a type conversion.
4628**
4629** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4630** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4631** of that BLOB or string.
4632**
4633** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4634** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4635** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4636** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4637** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4638** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4639** the number of bytes in that string.
4640** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4641**
4642** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4643** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4644** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4645** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4646** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4647** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4648** the number of bytes in that string.
4649** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4650**
4651** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4652** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4653** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4654** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4655** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4656**
4657** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4658** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4659** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4660**
4661** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4662** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4663** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4664** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4665** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4666** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4667** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4668** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4669** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4670** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4671** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4672** top-level application code.
4673**
4674** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4675** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4676** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4677** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4678** that are applied:
4679**
4680** <blockquote>
4681** <table border="1">
4682** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4683**
4684** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4685** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4686** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4687** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4688** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4689** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4690** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4691** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4692** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4693** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4694** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4695** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4696** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4697** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4698** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4699** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4700** </table>
4701** </blockquote>)^
4702**
4703** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4704** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4705** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4706** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4707** in the following cases:
4708**
4709** <ul>
4710** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4711**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4712**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4713** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4714**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4715**      to UTF-16.</li>
4716** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4717**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4718**      to UTF-8.</li>
4719** </ul>
4720**
4721** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4722** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4723** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4724** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4725** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4726**
4727** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4728** in one of the following ways:
4729**
4730** <ul>
4731**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4732**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4733**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4734** </ul>
4735**
4736** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4737** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4738** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4739** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4740** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4741** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4742** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4743**
4744** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4745** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4746** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4747** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4748** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4749** [sqlite3_free()].
4750**
4751** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4752** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4753** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4754** errors:
4755**
4756** <ul>
4757** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4758** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4759** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4760** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4761** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4762** </ul>
4763**
4764** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4765** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4766** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4767** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4768** return value is obtained and before any
4769** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4770*/
4771const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4772double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4773int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4774sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4775const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4776const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4777sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4778int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4779int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4780int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4781
4782/*
4783** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4784** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4785**
4786** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4787** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4788** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4789** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4790** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4791** [extended error code].
4792**
4793** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4794** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4795** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4796** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4797** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4798** completed execution.
4799**
4800** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4801**
4802** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4803** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4804** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4805** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4806** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4807*/
4808int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4809
4810/*
4811** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4812** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4813**
4814** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4815** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4816** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4817** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4818** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4819**
4820** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4821** back to the beginning of its program.
4822**
4823** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4824** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4825** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4826** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4827**
4828** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4829** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4830** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4831**
4832** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4833** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4834*/
4835int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4836
4837/*
4838** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4839** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4840** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4841** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4842** METHOD: sqlite3
4843**
4844** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4845** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4846** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
4847** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
4848** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
4849** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4850** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
4851** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
4852** needed by [aggregate window functions].
4853**
4854** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4855** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4856** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4857** to each database connection separately.
4858**
4859** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4860** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4861** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4862** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4863** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4864** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4865**
4866** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4867** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4868** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4869** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4870** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4871** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4872** undefined.
4873**
4874** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4875** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4876** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4877** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4878** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4879** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4880** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4881** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4882** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4883** each encoding.
4884** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4885** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4886**
4887** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4888** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4889** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4890** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4891** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4892** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4893** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4894**
4895** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
4896** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
4897** within VIEWs or TRIGGERs.  For security reasons, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
4898** flag is recommended for any application-defined SQL function that has
4899** side-effects.
4900**
4901** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4902** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4903**
4904** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
4905** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4906** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4907** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4908** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4909** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4910** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4911** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4912** callbacks.
4913**
4914** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
4915** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
4916** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
4917** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
4918** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
4919** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
4920** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
4921** of aggregate window functions are
4922** [user-defined window functions|available here].
4923**
4924** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
4925** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
4926** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
4927** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
4928** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4929** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
4930** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
4931** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4932**
4933** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4934** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4935** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4936** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4937** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4938** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4939** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4940** matches the database encoding is a better
4941** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4942** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4943** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4944** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4945**
4946** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4947**
4948** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4949** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4950** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4951** statement in which the function is running.
4952*/
4953int sqlite3_create_function(
4954  sqlite3 *db,
4955  const char *zFunctionName,
4956  int nArg,
4957  int eTextRep,
4958  void *pApp,
4959  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4960  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4961  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4962);
4963int sqlite3_create_function16(
4964  sqlite3 *db,
4965  const void *zFunctionName,
4966  int nArg,
4967  int eTextRep,
4968  void *pApp,
4969  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4970  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4971  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4972);
4973int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4974  sqlite3 *db,
4975  const char *zFunctionName,
4976  int nArg,
4977  int eTextRep,
4978  void *pApp,
4979  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4980  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4981  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4982  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4983);
4984int sqlite3_create_window_function(
4985  sqlite3 *db,
4986  const char *zFunctionName,
4987  int nArg,
4988  int eTextRep,
4989  void *pApp,
4990  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4991  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4992  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
4993  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4994  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4995);
4996
4997/*
4998** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4999**
5000** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5001** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5002*/
5003#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5004#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5005#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5006#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5007#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5008#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5009
5010/*
5011** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5012**
5013** These constants may be ORed together with the
5014** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5015** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5016** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5017**
5018** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5019** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5020** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5021** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5022** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5023** [CHECK constraints] or [generated columns].  SQLite might also optimize
5024** deterministic functions by factoring them out of inner loops.
5025**
5026** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the new function is unlikely
5027** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5028** no side effects and consume few resources. The [abs|abs() function]
5029** is an example of an innocuous function.
5030** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5031** side effects.  Some heightened security settings
5032** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_UNSAFE_FUNC_IN_VIEW])
5033** disable the use of SQLlfunctions inside views and triggers unless
5034** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5035** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5036** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5037** function is specifically intended for use inside of views and triggers.
5038**
5039** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5040** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs.  This is
5041** a security feature which is recommended for all
5042** [application-defined SQL functions] that have side-effects.  This flag
5043** prevents an attacker from adding triggers and views to a schema then
5044** tricking a high-privilege application into causing unintended side-effects
5045** while performing ordinary queries.
5046**
5047** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5048** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5049** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5050** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5051** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5052** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5053** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5054*/
5055#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5056#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5057#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5058#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5059
5060/*
5061** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5062** DEPRECATED
5063**
5064** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5065** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5066** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5067** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5068** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5069*/
5070#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5071SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5072SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5073SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5074SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5075SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5076SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5077                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5078#endif
5079
5080/*
5081** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5082** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5083**
5084** <b>Summary:</b>
5085** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5086** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5087** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5088** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5089** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5090** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5091** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5092** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5093** the native byteorder
5094** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5095** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5096** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5097** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5098** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5099** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5100** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5101** TEXT in bytes
5102** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5103** datatype of the value
5104** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5105** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5106** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5107** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5108** against a virtual table.
5109** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5110** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5111** </table></blockquote>
5112**
5113** <b>Details:</b>
5114**
5115** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5116** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5117** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5118** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5119**
5120** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5121** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5122** is not threadsafe.
5123**
5124** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5125** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5126** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5127**
5128** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5129** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5130** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5131** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5132**
5133** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5134** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5135** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5136** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5137** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5138** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5139**
5140** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5141** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5142** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5143** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5144** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5145** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5146** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5147** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5148** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5149** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5150**
5151** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5152** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5153** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5154** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5155** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5156** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5157** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5158**
5159** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5160** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5161** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5162** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5163** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5164** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5165** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5166** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5167** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5168** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5169** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5170** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5171**
5172** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5173** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5174** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5175** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5176**
5177** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5178** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5179** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5180** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5181** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5182**
5183** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5184** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5185**
5186** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5187** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5188** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5189** errors:
5190**
5191** <ul>
5192** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5193** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5194** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5195** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5196** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5197** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5198** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5199** </ul>
5200**
5201** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5202** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5203** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5204** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5205** return value is obtained and before any
5206** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5207*/
5208const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5209double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5210int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5211sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5212void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5213const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5214const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5215const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5216const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5217int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5218int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5219int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5220int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5221int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5222int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5223
5224/*
5225** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5226** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5227**
5228** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5229** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5230** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5231** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5232** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5233*/
5234unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5235
5236/*
5237** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5238** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5239**
5240** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5241** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5242** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5243** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5244** memory allocation fails.
5245**
5246** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5247** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5248** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5249*/
5250sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5251void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5252
5253/*
5254** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5255** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5256**
5257** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5258** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5259**
5260** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5261** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5262** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5263** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5264** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5265** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5266** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5267** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5268** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5269** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5270** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5271** first time from within xFinal().)^
5272**
5273** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5274** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5275** allocate error occurs.
5276**
5277** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5278** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5279** value of N in any subsequents call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5280** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5281** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5282** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5283** pointless memory allocations occur.
5284**
5285** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5286** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5287**
5288** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5289** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5290** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5291** function.
5292**
5293** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5294** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5295*/
5296void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5297
5298/*
5299** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5300** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5301**
5302** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5303** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5304** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5305** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5306** registered the application defined function.
5307**
5308** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5309** the application-defined function is running.
5310*/
5311void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5312
5313/*
5314** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5315** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5316**
5317** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5318** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5319** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5320** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5321** registered the application defined function.
5322*/
5323sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5324
5325/*
5326** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5327** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5328**
5329** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5330** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5331** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5332** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5333** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5334** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5335** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5336** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5337** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5338** invocations of the same function.
5339**
5340** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5341** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5342** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5343** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5344** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5345** returns a NULL pointer.
5346**
5347** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5348** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5349** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5350** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5351** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5352** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5353** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5354** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5355** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5356** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5357** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5358**      SQL statement)^, or
5359** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5360**       parameter)^, or
5361** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5362**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5363**
5364** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5365** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5366** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5367** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5368** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5369** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5370**
5371** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5372** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5373** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5374**
5375** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5376** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5377** kinds of function caching behavior.
5378**
5379** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5380** the SQL function is running.
5381*/
5382void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5383void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5384
5385
5386/*
5387** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5388**
5389** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5390** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5391** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5392** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5393** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5394** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5395** the content before returning.
5396**
5397** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5398** C++ compilers.
5399*/
5400typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5401#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5402#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5403
5404/*
5405** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5406** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5407**
5408** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5409** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5410** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5411** for additional information.
5412**
5413** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5414** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5415** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5416**
5417** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5418** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5419** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5420** third parameter.
5421**
5422** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5423** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5424** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5425**
5426** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5427** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5428** by its 2nd argument.
5429**
5430** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5431** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5432** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5433** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5434** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5435** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5436** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5437** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5438** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5439** message all text up through the first zero character.
5440** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5441** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5442** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5443** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5444** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5445** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5446** modify the text after they return without harm.
5447** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5448** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5449** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5450** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5451**
5452** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5453** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5454**
5455** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5456** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5457**
5458** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5459** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5460** value given in the 2nd argument.
5461** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5462** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5463** value given in the 2nd argument.
5464**
5465** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5466** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5467**
5468** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5469** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5470** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5471** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5472** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5473** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5474** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5475** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5476** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5477** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5478** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5479** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5480** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5481** through the first zero character.
5482** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5483** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5484** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5485** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5486** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5487** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5488** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5489** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5490** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5491** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5492** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5493** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5494** finished using that result.
5495** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5496** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5497** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5498** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5499** when it has finished using that result.
5500** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5501** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5502** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5503** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5504**
5505** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5506** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5507** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5508** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5509** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5510** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5511** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5512** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5513** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5514**
5515** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5516** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5517** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5518** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5519** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5520** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5521** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5522** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5523** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5524** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5525**
5526** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5527** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5528** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5529*/
5530void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5531void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5532                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5533void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5534void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5535void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5536void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5537void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5538void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5539void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5540void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5541void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5542void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5543void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5544                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5545void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5546void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5547void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5548void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5549void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5550void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5551int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5552
5553
5554/*
5555** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5556** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5557**
5558** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5559** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5560** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5561** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5562** higher order bits are discarded.
5563** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5564** in future releases of SQLite.
5565*/
5566void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5567
5568/*
5569** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5570** METHOD: sqlite3
5571**
5572** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5573** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5574**
5575** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5576** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5577** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5578** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5579** considered to be the same name.
5580**
5581** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5582** <ul>
5583** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5584** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5585** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5586** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5587** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5588** </ul>)^
5589** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5590** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
5591** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5592** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5593** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5594** on an even byte address.
5595**
5596** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5597** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5598**
5599** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
5600** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5601** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5602** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5603** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
5604** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5605** that collation is no longer usable.
5606**
5607** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5608** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5609** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
5610** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
5611** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5612** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5613** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5614** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5615** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5616** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5617** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5618** strings A, B, and C:
5619**
5620** <ol>
5621** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5622** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5623** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5624** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5625** </ol>
5626**
5627** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5628** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5629** is undefined.
5630**
5631** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5632** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5633** the collating function is deleted.
5634** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5635** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5636** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5637**
5638** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5639** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5640** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5641** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5642** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5643** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5644** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5645** compatibility.
5646**
5647** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5648*/
5649int sqlite3_create_collation(
5650  sqlite3*,
5651  const char *zName,
5652  int eTextRep,
5653  void *pArg,
5654  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5655);
5656int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5657  sqlite3*,
5658  const char *zName,
5659  int eTextRep,
5660  void *pArg,
5661  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5662  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5663);
5664int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5665  sqlite3*,
5666  const void *zName,
5667  int eTextRep,
5668  void *pArg,
5669  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5670);
5671
5672/*
5673** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5674** METHOD: sqlite3
5675**
5676** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5677** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5678** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5679** sequence is required.
5680**
5681** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5682** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5683** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5684** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5685** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5686**
5687** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5688** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5689** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5690** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5691** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5692** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5693** required collation sequence.)^
5694**
5695** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5696** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5697** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5698*/
5699int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5700  sqlite3*,
5701  void*,
5702  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5703);
5704int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5705  sqlite3*,
5706  void*,
5707  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5708);
5709
5710#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5711/*
5712** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5713** called right after sqlite3_open().
5714**
5715** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5716** of SQLite.
5717*/
5718int sqlite3_key(
5719  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5720  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5721);
5722int sqlite3_key_v2(
5723  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5724  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5725  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5726);
5727
5728/*
5729** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5730** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5731** database is decrypted.
5732**
5733** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5734** of SQLite.
5735*/
5736int sqlite3_rekey(
5737  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5738  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5739);
5740int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5741  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5742  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5743  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5744);
5745
5746/*
5747** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5748** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5749*/
5750void sqlite3_activate_see(
5751  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5752);
5753#endif
5754
5755#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5756/*
5757** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5758** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5759*/
5760void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5761  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5762);
5763#endif
5764
5765/*
5766** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5767**
5768** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5769** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5770**
5771** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5772** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5773** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5774** requested from the operating system is returned.
5775**
5776** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5777** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5778** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5779** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5780** in the previous paragraphs.
5781*/
5782int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5783
5784/*
5785** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5786**
5787** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5788** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5789** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5790** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5791** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5792** temporary file directory.
5793**
5794** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5795** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5796** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5797** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5798** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5799** be avoided in new projects.
5800**
5801** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5802** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5803** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5804** thread.
5805** It is intended that this variable be set once
5806** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5807** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5808** thereafter.
5809**
5810** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5811** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5812** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5813** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5814** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5815** using [sqlite3_free].
5816** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5817** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5818** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5819** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5820** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5821** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5822** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5823** objects have been destroyed.
5824**
5825** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5826** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5827** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5828** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5829**
5830** <blockquote><pre>
5831** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5832** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5833** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5834** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5835** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5836** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5837** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5838** </pre></blockquote>
5839*/
5840SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5841
5842/*
5843** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5844**
5845** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5846** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5847** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5848** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5849** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5850** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5851** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5852** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5853** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5854**
5855** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5856** open can result in a corrupt database.
5857**
5858** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5859** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5860** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5861** thread.
5862** It is intended that this variable be set once
5863** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5864** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5865** thereafter.
5866**
5867** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5868** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5869** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5870** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5871** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5872** using [sqlite3_free].
5873** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5874** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5875** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5876*/
5877SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5878
5879/*
5880** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5881**
5882** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5883** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5884** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5885** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5886** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5887** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5888** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5889** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5890** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5891** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5892** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5893** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
5894** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
5895** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
5896** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
5897*/
5898int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5899  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5900  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5901);
5902int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
5903int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
5904
5905/*
5906** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5907**
5908** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5909** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5910*/
5911#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5912#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5913
5914/*
5915** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5916** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5917** METHOD: sqlite3
5918**
5919** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5920** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5921** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5922** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5923** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5924**
5925** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5926** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5927** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5928** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5929** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5930** an error is to use this function.
5931**
5932** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5933** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5934** is undefined.
5935*/
5936int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5937
5938/*
5939** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5940** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5941**
5942** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5943** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5944** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5945** that was the first argument
5946** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5947** create the statement in the first place.
5948*/
5949sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5950
5951/*
5952** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5953** METHOD: sqlite3
5954**
5955** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
5956** associated with database N of connection D.
5957** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
5958** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5959** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
5960**
5961** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
5962** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
5963** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
5964**
5965** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5966** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5967** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5968** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5969*/
5970const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5971
5972/*
5973** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5974** METHOD: sqlite3
5975**
5976** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5977** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5978** the name of a database on connection D.
5979*/
5980int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5981
5982/*
5983** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5984** METHOD: sqlite3
5985**
5986** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5987** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5988** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5989** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5990** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5991**
5992** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5993** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5994** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5995*/
5996sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5997
5998/*
5999** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6000** METHOD: sqlite3
6001**
6002** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6003** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6004** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6005** for the same database connection is overridden.
6006** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6007** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6008** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6009** for the same database connection is overridden.
6010** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6011** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6012** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6013**
6014** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6015** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6016** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6017** the first call for each function on D.
6018**
6019** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6020** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6021** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6022** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6023** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6024** or rollback hook in the first place.
6025** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6026** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6027** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6028**
6029** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6030**
6031** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6032** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6033** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6034** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6035** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6036**
6037** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6038** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6039** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6040** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6041** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6042**
6043** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6044*/
6045void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6046void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6047
6048/*
6049** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6050** METHOD: sqlite3
6051**
6052** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6053** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6054** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6055** a [rowid table].
6056** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6057** for the same database connection is overridden.
6058**
6059** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6060** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6061** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6062** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6063** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6064** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6065** to be invoked.
6066** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6067** database and table name containing the affected row.
6068** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6069** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6070**
6071** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6072** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
6073** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6074**
6075** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6076** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6077** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6078** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6079** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6080** release of SQLite.
6081**
6082** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6083** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6084** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6085** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6086** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6087** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6088**
6089** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6090** returns the P argument from the previous call
6091** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6092** the first call on D.
6093**
6094** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6095** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6096*/
6097void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6098  sqlite3*,
6099  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6100  void*
6101);
6102
6103/*
6104** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6105**
6106** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6107** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6108** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6109** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6110**
6111** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6112** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6113** In prior versions of SQLite,
6114** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6115**
6116** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6117** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6118** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6119** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6120**
6121** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6122** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6123**
6124** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6125** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6126** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6127** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6128** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6129** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6130** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6131**
6132** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6133** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6134** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6135** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6136**
6137** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6138** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6139**
6140** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6141*/
6142int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6143
6144/*
6145** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6146**
6147** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6148** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6149** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6150** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6151** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6152** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6153** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6154** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6155**
6156** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6157*/
6158int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6159
6160/*
6161** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6162** METHOD: sqlite3
6163**
6164** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6165** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6166** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6167** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6168** omitted.
6169**
6170** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6171*/
6172int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6173
6174/*
6175** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6176**
6177** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6178** by all database connections within a single process.
6179**
6180** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6181** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6182** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6183** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6184** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6185** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6186** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6187** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6188** is advisory only.
6189**
6190** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6191** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6192** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6193** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6194** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6195**
6196** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6197** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6198** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6199** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6200** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6201** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6202** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6203**
6204** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6205**
6206** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6207** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6208** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6209** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6210** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6211** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6212** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6213** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6214** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6215** hard heap limit.
6216**
6217** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6218** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6219**
6220** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6221** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6222**
6223** <ul>
6224** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6225** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6226**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6227**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6228** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6229**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6230** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6231**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6232**      from the heap.
6233** </ul>)^
6234**
6235** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6236** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6237*/
6238sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6239sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6240
6241/*
6242** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6243** DEPRECATED
6244**
6245** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6246** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6247** only.  All new applications should use the
6248** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6249*/
6250SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6251
6252
6253/*
6254** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6255** METHOD: sqlite3
6256**
6257** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6258** information about column C of table T in database D
6259** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6260** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6261** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6262** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6263** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6264** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6265** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6266** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6267** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6268** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6269** undefined behavior.
6270**
6271** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6272** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6273** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6274** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6275** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6276** resolve unqualified table references.
6277**
6278** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6279** name of the desired column, respectively.
6280**
6281** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6282** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6283** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6284**
6285** ^(<blockquote>
6286** <table border="1">
6287** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6288**
6289** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6290** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6291** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6292** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6293** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6294** </table>
6295** </blockquote>)^
6296**
6297** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6298** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6299** call to any SQLite API function.
6300**
6301** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6302**
6303** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6304** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6305** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6306** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6307** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6308** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6309**
6310** <pre>
6311**     data type: "INTEGER"
6312**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6313**     not null: 0
6314**     primary key: 1
6315**     auto increment: 0
6316** </pre>)^
6317**
6318** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6319** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6320** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6321*/
6322int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6323  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6324  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6325  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6326  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6327  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6328  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6329  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6330  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6331  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6332);
6333
6334/*
6335** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6336** METHOD: sqlite3
6337**
6338** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6339**
6340** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6341** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6342** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6343** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6344** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6345** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6346** be tried also.
6347**
6348** ^The entry point is zProc.
6349** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6350** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6351** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6352** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6353** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6354** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6355** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6356** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6357** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6358** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6359** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6360** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6361** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6362**
6363** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6364** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6365** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6366** prior to calling this API,
6367** otherwise an error will be returned.
6368**
6369** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6370** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6371** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6372** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6373** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6374** access to extension loading capabilities.
6375**
6376** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6377*/
6378int sqlite3_load_extension(
6379  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6380  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6381  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6382  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6383);
6384
6385/*
6386** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6387** METHOD: sqlite3
6388**
6389** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6390** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6391** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6392** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6393**
6394** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6395** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6396** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6397** it back off again.
6398**
6399** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6400** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6401** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6402** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6403**
6404** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6405** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6406** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6407** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6408** access to extension loading capabilities.
6409*/
6410int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6411
6412/*
6413** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6414**
6415** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6416** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6417** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6418** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6419**
6420** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6421** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6422** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6423** entry point where as follows:
6424**
6425** <blockquote><pre>
6426** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6427** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6428** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6429** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6430** &nbsp;  );
6431** </pre></blockquote>)^
6432**
6433** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6434** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6435** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6436** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6437** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6438** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6439** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6440**
6441** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6442** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6443** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6444**
6445** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6446** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6447*/
6448int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6449
6450/*
6451** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6452**
6453** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6454** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6455** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6456** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6457** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6458** routines.
6459*/
6460int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6461
6462/*
6463** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6464**
6465** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6466** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6467*/
6468void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6469
6470/*
6471** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6472** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6473** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6474**
6475** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6476** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6477*/
6478
6479/*
6480** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6481*/
6482typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6483typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6484typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6485typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6486
6487/*
6488** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6489** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6490**
6491** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6492** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
6493** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6494**
6495** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6496** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6497** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6498** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6499** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6500** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6501** any database connection.
6502*/
6503struct sqlite3_module {
6504  int iVersion;
6505  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6506               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6507               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6508  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6509               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6510               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6511  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6512  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6513  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6514  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6515  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6516  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6517                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6518  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6519  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6520  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6521  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6522  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6523  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6524  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6525  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6526  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6527  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6528                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6529                       void **ppArg);
6530  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6531  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6532  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6533  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6534  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6535  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6536  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6537  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6538  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6539};
6540
6541/*
6542** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6543** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6544**
6545** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6546** of the [virtual table] interface to
6547** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6548** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6549** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6550** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6551**
6552** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6553**
6554** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6555**
6556** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6557** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6558** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6559** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6560** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6561** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6562** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6563**
6564** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6565** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6566** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6567** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6568** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6569**
6570** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6571** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6572**
6573** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6574** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6575** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6576** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6577** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6578** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6579** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6580** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6581** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6582** non-zero.
6583**
6584** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6585** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6586** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6587** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6588** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6589** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
6590** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
6591** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
6592** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
6593** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
6594** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
6595** not be checked again using byte code.)^
6596**
6597** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6598** [xFilter] method.
6599** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6600** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6601**
6602** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6603** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6604** sorting step is required.
6605**
6606** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6607** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6608** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6609** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6610** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6611**
6612** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6613** will be returned by the strategy.
6614**
6615** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6616** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6617** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6618** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6619**
6620** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6621** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6622** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6623** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6624** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6625** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6626** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6627** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6628** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6629**
6630** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6631** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6632** If a virtual table extension is
6633** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6634** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6635** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6636** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6637** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6638** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6639** It may therefore only be used if
6640** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6641** 3009000.
6642*/
6643struct sqlite3_index_info {
6644  /* Inputs */
6645  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6646  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6647     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6648     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6649     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6650     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6651  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6652  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6653  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6654     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6655     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6656  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6657  /* Outputs */
6658  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6659    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6660    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6661  } *aConstraintUsage;
6662  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6663  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6664  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6665  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6666  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6667  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6668  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6669  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6670  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6671  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6672  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6673};
6674
6675/*
6676** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6677**
6678** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6679** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6680** these bits.
6681*/
6682#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6683
6684/*
6685** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6686**
6687** These macros define the allowed values for the
6688** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6689** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6690** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6691*/
6692#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6693#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6694#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6695#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6696#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6697#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6698#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6699#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6700#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6701#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6702#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6703#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6704#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6705#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6706#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
6707
6708/*
6709** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6710** METHOD: sqlite3
6711**
6712** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6713** ^Module names must be registered before
6714** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6715** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6716**
6717** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6718** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6719** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6720** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6721** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6722** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6723** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6724**
6725** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6726** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6727** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6728** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6729** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6730** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6731** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6732** destructor.
6733**
6734** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
6735** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
6736** same name are dropped.
6737**
6738** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
6739*/
6740int sqlite3_create_module(
6741  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6742  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6743  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6744  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6745);
6746int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6747  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6748  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6749  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6750  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6751  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6752);
6753
6754/*
6755** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
6756** METHOD: sqlite3
6757**
6758** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
6759** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
6760** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
6761** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
6762** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
6763**
6764** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
6765*/
6766int sqlite3_drop_modules(
6767  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
6768  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
6769);
6770
6771/*
6772** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6773** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6774**
6775** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6776** of this object to describe a particular instance
6777** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6778** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6779** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6780** common to all module implementations.
6781**
6782** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6783** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6784** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6785** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6786** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6787** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6788*/
6789struct sqlite3_vtab {
6790  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6791  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6792  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6793  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6794};
6795
6796/*
6797** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6798** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6799**
6800** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6801** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6802** [virtual table] and are used
6803** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6804** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6805** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6806** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6807** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6808** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6809**
6810** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6811** are common to all implementations.
6812*/
6813struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6814  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6815  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6816};
6817
6818/*
6819** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6820**
6821** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6822** [virtual table module] call this interface
6823** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6824** the virtual tables they implement.
6825*/
6826int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6827
6828/*
6829** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6830** METHOD: sqlite3
6831**
6832** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6833** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6834** But global versions of those functions
6835** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6836**
6837** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6838** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6839** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6840** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6841** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6842** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6843** by a [virtual table].
6844*/
6845int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6846
6847/*
6848** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6849** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6850** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6851** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6852**
6853** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6854** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6855*/
6856
6857/*
6858** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6859** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6860**
6861** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6862** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6863** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6864** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6865** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6866** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6867** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6868*/
6869typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6870
6871/*
6872** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6873** METHOD: sqlite3
6874** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6875**
6876** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6877** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6878** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6879**
6880** <pre>
6881**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6882** </pre>)^
6883**
6884** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6885** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6886** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6887** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6888** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6889**
6890** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6891** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6892** read-only access.
6893**
6894** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6895** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6896** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6897** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6898** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6899**
6900** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6901** <ul>
6902**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6903**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6904**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6905**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6906**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6907**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6908**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6909**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6910**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6911**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6912**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6913**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6914** </ul>
6915**
6916** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6917** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6918** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6919**
6920** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6921** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6922** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6923** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6924** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6925** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6926**
6927** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6928** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6929** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6930** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6931** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6932** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6933** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6934** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6935** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6936** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6937**
6938** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6939** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6940** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6941** blob.
6942**
6943** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6944** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6945** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6946**
6947** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6948** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6949**
6950** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6951** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6952** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6953*/
6954int sqlite3_blob_open(
6955  sqlite3*,
6956  const char *zDb,
6957  const char *zTable,
6958  const char *zColumn,
6959  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6960  int flags,
6961  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6962);
6963
6964/*
6965** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6966** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6967**
6968** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6969** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6970** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6971** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6972** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6973** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6974**
6975** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6976** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6977** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6978** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6979** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6980** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6981** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6982** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6983** always returns zero.
6984**
6985** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6986*/
6987int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6988
6989/*
6990** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6991** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6992**
6993** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6994** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6995** handle is still closed.)^
6996**
6997** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6998** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6999** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7000** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7001** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7002**
7003** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7004** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7005** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7006** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7007** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7008** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7009*/
7010int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7011
7012/*
7013** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7014** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7015**
7016** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7017** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7018** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7019** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7020**
7021** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7022** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7023** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7024** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7025*/
7026int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7027
7028/*
7029** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7030** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7031**
7032** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7033** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7034** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7035**
7036** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7037** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7038** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7039** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7040** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7041**
7042** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7043** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7044**
7045** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7046** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7047**
7048** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7049** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7050** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7051** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7052**
7053** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7054*/
7055int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7056
7057/*
7058** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7059** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7060**
7061** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7062** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7063** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7064**
7065** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7066** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7067** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7068** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7069** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7070**
7071** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7072** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7073** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7074**
7075** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7076** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7077** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7078** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7079** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7080** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7081** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7082**
7083** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7084** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7085** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7086** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7087** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7088** or by other independent statements.
7089**
7090** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7091** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7092** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7093** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7094**
7095** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7096*/
7097int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7098
7099/*
7100** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7101**
7102** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7103** that SQLite uses to interact
7104** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7105** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7106** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7107** The following interfaces are provided.
7108**
7109** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7110** ^Names are case sensitive.
7111** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7112** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7113** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7114**
7115** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7116** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7117** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7118** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7119** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7120** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7121** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7122** then the behavior is undefined.
7123**
7124** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7125** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7126** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7127*/
7128sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7129int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7130int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7131
7132/*
7133** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7134**
7135** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7136** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7137** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7138** permitted to use any of these routines.
7139**
7140** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7141** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7142** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7143** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7144**
7145** <ul>
7146** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7147** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7148** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7149** </ul>
7150**
7151** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7152** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7153** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7154** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7155** and Windows.
7156**
7157** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7158** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7159** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7160** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7161** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7162** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7163** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7164**
7165** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7166** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7167** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7168** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7169** integer constants:
7170**
7171** <ul>
7172** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7173** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7174** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
7175** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7176** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7177** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7178** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7179** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7180** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7181** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7182** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7183** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7184** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7185** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7186** </ul>
7187**
7188** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7189** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7190** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7191** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7192** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7193** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7194** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7195** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7196** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7197** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7198**
7199** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7200** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7201** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7202** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7203** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7204** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7205** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7206** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7207**
7208** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7209** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7210** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7211** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7212** the same type number.
7213**
7214** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7215** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7216** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7217**
7218** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7219** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7220** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7221** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7222** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7223** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7224** In such cases, the
7225** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7226** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7227** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7228**
7229** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7230** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7231** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7232** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7233** behavior.)^
7234**
7235** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7236** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7237** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7238** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7239**
7240** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7241** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7242** behave as no-ops.
7243**
7244** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7245*/
7246sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7247void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7248void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7249int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7250void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7251
7252/*
7253** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7254**
7255** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7256** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7257**
7258** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7259** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7260** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7261** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7262** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7263** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7264** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7265** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7266** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7267**
7268** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7269** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7270** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7271** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7272**
7273** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7274** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7275** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7276** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7277** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7278** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7279**
7280** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7281** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7282** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7283**
7284** <ul>
7285**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7286**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7287**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7288**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7289**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7290**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7291**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7292** </ul>)^
7293**
7294** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7295** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7296** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7297** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7298** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7299** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7300** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7301**
7302** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7303** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7304** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7305** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7306**
7307** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7308** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7309** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7310** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7311**
7312** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7313** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7314** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7315** prior to returning.
7316*/
7317typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7318struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7319  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7320  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7321  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7322  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7323  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7324  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7325  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7326  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7327  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7328};
7329
7330/*
7331** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7332**
7333** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7334** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7335** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7336** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7337** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7338** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7339** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7340** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7341**
7342** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7343** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7344**
7345** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7346** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7347** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7348** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7349**
7350** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7351** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7352** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7353** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7354** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7355** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7356** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7357** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7358*/
7359#ifndef NDEBUG
7360int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7361int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7362#endif
7363
7364/*
7365** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7366**
7367** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7368** which is one of these integer constants.
7369**
7370** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7371** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7372** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7373*/
7374#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7375#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7376#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7377#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7378#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7379#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7380#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7381#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7382#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7383#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7384#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7385#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7386#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7387#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7388#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7389#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7390
7391/*
7392** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7393** METHOD: sqlite3
7394**
7395** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7396** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7397** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7398** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7399** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7400*/
7401sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7402
7403/*
7404** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7405** METHOD: sqlite3
7406** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7407**
7408** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7409** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7410** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7411** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7412** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7413** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7414** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7415** main database file.
7416** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7417** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7418** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7419** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7420**
7421** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7422** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7423** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7424** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7425** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7426** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7427** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7428** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7429** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7430** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7431** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7432** from the pager.
7433**
7434** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7435** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7436** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7437** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7438** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7439** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7440** xFileControl method.
7441**
7442** See also: [file control opcodes]
7443*/
7444int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7445
7446/*
7447** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7448**
7449** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7450** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7451** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7452** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7453**
7454** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7455** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7456** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7457**
7458** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7459** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7460** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7461** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7462*/
7463int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7464
7465/*
7466** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7467**
7468** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7469** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7470**
7471** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7472** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7473** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7474** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7475*/
7476#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7477#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7478#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7479#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
7480#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7481#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7482#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7483#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7484#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7485#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7486#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7487#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7488#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7489#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7490#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7491#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7492#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7493#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7494#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7495#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7496#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7497#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7498#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7499#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7500#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7501#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
7502#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
7503#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
7504#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    29  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7505
7506/*
7507** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7508**
7509** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7510** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7511** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7512** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7513**
7514** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7515** keywords understood by SQLite.
7516**
7517** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7518** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7519** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7520** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7521** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7522** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7523** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7524**
7525** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7526** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7527** if it is and zero if not.
7528**
7529** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7530** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7531** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7532** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7533** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7534** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7535** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7536** name collisions include:
7537** <ul>
7538** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7539**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7540** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7541**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7542**      technique.
7543** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7544**      with "Z".
7545** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7546** </ul>
7547**
7548** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7549** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7550** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7551** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7552*/
7553int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7554int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7555int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7556
7557/*
7558** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7559** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7560**
7561** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7562** string under construction.
7563**
7564** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7565** <ol>
7566** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7567** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7568** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7569** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7570** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7571** </ol>
7572*/
7573typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7574
7575/*
7576** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7577** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7578**
7579** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7580** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7581** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7582** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7583**
7584** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7585** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7586** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7587** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7588** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7589** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7590** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7591** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7592** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7593**
7594** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7595** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7596** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7597** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7598** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7599*/
7600sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7601
7602/*
7603** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7604** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7605**
7606** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7607** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7608** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7609** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7610** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7611** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7612** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7613** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7614*/
7615char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7616
7617/*
7618** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7619** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7620**
7621** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7622** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7623**
7624** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7625** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7626** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7627** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7628**
7629** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7630** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7631** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7632** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7633** method instead.
7634**
7635** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7636** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7637**
7638** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7639** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7640** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7641**
7642** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7643** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7644**
7645** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7646** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7647** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7648*/
7649void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7650void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7651void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7652void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7653void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7654void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7655
7656/*
7657** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7658** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7659**
7660** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7661**
7662** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7663** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7664** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7665** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7666** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7667** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7668**
7669** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7670** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7671** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7672** zero-termination byte.
7673**
7674** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7675** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7676** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7677** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7678** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7679** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7680** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7681** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7682** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7683** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7684*/
7685int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7686int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7687char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7688
7689/*
7690** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7691**
7692** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7693** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7694** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7695** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7696** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7697** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7698** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7699** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7700** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7701** value.  For those parameters
7702** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7703** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7704** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7705**
7706** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7707** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7708**
7709** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7710** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7711** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7712**
7713** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7714*/
7715int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7716int sqlite3_status64(
7717  int op,
7718  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7719  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7720  int resetFlag
7721);
7722
7723
7724/*
7725** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7726** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7727**
7728** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7729** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7730**
7731** <dl>
7732** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7733** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7734** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7735** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7736** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7737** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7738** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7739** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7740**
7741** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7742** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7743** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7744** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7745** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7746** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7747**
7748** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7749** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7750** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7751**
7752** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7753** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7754** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7755** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7756** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7757**
7758** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7759** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7760** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7761** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7762** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7763** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7764** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7765** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7766** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7767**
7768** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7769** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7770** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7771** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7772** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7773**
7774** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7775** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7776**
7777** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7778** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7779**
7780** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7781** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7782**
7783** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7784** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7785** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7786** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7787** </dl>
7788**
7789** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7790*/
7791#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7792#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7793#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7794#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7795#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7796#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7797#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7798#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7799#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7800#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7801
7802/*
7803** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7804** METHOD: sqlite3
7805**
7806** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7807** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7808** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7809** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7810** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7811** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7812** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7813** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7814**
7815** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7816** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7817** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7818** reset back down to the current value.
7819**
7820** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7821** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7822**
7823** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7824*/
7825int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7826
7827/*
7828** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7829** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7830**
7831** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7832** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7833**
7834** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7835** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7836** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7837** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7838** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7839**
7840** <dl>
7841** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7842** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7843** checked out.</dd>)^
7844**
7845** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7846** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
7847** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7848** the current value is always zero.)^
7849**
7850** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7851** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7852** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7853** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7854** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7855** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7856** the current value is always zero.)^
7857**
7858** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7859** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7860** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7861** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7862** memory already being in use.
7863** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7864** the current value is always zero.)^
7865**
7866** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7867** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7868** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7869** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7870**
7871** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7872** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7873** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7874** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7875** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7876** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7877** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7878** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7879** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7880** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7881** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7882**
7883** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7884** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7885** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7886** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7887** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7888** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7889** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7890** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7891**
7892** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7893** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7894** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7895** the database connection.)^
7896** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7897** </dd>
7898**
7899** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7900** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7901** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7902** is always 0.
7903** </dd>
7904**
7905** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7906** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7907** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7908** is always 0.
7909** </dd>
7910**
7911** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7912** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7913** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7914** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7915** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7916** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7917** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7918** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7919** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7920** </dd>
7921**
7922** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7923** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7924** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7925** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7926** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7927** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7928** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
7929** </dd>
7930**
7931** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7932** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7933** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7934** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7935** </dd>
7936** </dl>
7937*/
7938#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7939#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7940#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7941#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7942#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7943#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7944#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7945#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7946#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7947#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7948#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7949#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7950#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7951#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7952
7953
7954/*
7955** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7956** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7957**
7958** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7959** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7960** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7961** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7962** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7963** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7964** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7965** an index.
7966**
7967** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7968** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7969** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7970** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7971** to be interrogated.)^
7972** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7973** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7974** interface call returns.
7975**
7976** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7977*/
7978int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7979
7980/*
7981** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7982** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7983**
7984** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7985** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7986** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7987**
7988** <dl>
7989** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7990** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7991** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7992** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7993** careful use of indices.</dd>
7994**
7995** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7996** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7997** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7998** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7999**
8000** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8001** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8002** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8003** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8004** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8005** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8006**
8007** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8008** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8009** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8010** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8011** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8012** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8013** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8014**
8015** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8016** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8017** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8018** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8019**
8020** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8021** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8022** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8023** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8024** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8025** cycle.
8026**
8027** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8028** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8029** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8030** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8031** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8032** </dd>
8033** </dl>
8034*/
8035#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8036#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8037#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8038#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8039#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8040#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8041#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8042
8043/*
8044** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8045**
8046** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8047** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8048** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8049** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8050** to the object.
8051**
8052** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8053*/
8054typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8055
8056/*
8057** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8058**
8059** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8060** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8061** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8062** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8063**
8064** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8065*/
8066typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8067struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8068  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8069  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8070};
8071
8072/*
8073** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8074** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8075**
8076** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8077** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8078** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8079** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8080** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8081** By implementing a
8082** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8083** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8084** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8085** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8086** how long.
8087**
8088** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8089** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8090** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8091**
8092** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8093** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8094** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8095** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8096**
8097** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8098** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8099** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8100** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8101** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8102** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8103** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8104** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8105** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8106** page cache.)^
8107**
8108** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8109** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8110** It can be used to clean up
8111** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8112** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8113**
8114** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8115** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8116** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8117** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8118** in multithreaded applications.
8119**
8120** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8121** call to xShutdown().
8122**
8123** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8124** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8125** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8126** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8127** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8128** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8129** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8130** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8131** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8132** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8133** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8134** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8135** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8136** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8137** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8138** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8139** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8140** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8141** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8142** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8143** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8144** never contain any unpinned pages.
8145**
8146** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8147** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8148** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8149** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8150** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8151** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8152** value; it is advisory only.
8153**
8154** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8155** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8156** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8157**
8158** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8159** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8160** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8161** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8162** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8163** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8164** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8165** for each entry in the page cache.
8166**
8167** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8168** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8169** to be "pinned".
8170**
8171** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8172** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8173** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8174** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8175** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8176**
8177** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8178** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8179** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8180** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8181**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8182** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8183**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8184** </table>
8185**
8186** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8187** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8188** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8189** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8190** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8191**
8192** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8193** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8194** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8195** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8196** ^If the discard parameter is
8197** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8198** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8199** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8200**
8201** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8202** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8203** to xFetch().
8204**
8205** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8206** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8207** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8208** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8209** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8210** to be pinned.
8211**
8212** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8213** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8214** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8215** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8216** they can be safely discarded.
8217**
8218** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8219** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8220** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8221** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8222** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8223** functions.
8224**
8225** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8226** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8227** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8228** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8229** do their best.
8230*/
8231typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8232struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8233  int iVersion;
8234  void *pArg;
8235  int (*xInit)(void*);
8236  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8237  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8238  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8239  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8240  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8241  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8242  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8243      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8244  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8245  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8246  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8247};
8248
8249/*
8250** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8251** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8252** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8253*/
8254typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8255struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8256  void *pArg;
8257  int (*xInit)(void*);
8258  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8259  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8260  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8261  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8262  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8263  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8264  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8265  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8266  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8267};
8268
8269
8270/*
8271** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8272**
8273** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8274** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8275** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8276** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8277**
8278** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8279*/
8280typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8281
8282/*
8283** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8284**
8285** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8286** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8287** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8288**
8289** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8290**
8291** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8292** for the duration of the backup operation.
8293** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8294** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8295** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8296** preventing other database connections from
8297** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8298**
8299** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8300**   <ol>
8301**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8302**         backup,
8303**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8304**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8305**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8306**         associated with the backup operation.
8307**   </ol>)^
8308** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8309** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8310**
8311** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8312**
8313** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8314** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8315** and the database name, respectively.
8316** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8317** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8318** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8319** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8320** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8321** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8322** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8323** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8324** an error.
8325**
8326** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8327** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8328** destination database.
8329**
8330** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8331** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8332** destination [database connection] D.
8333** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8334** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8335** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8336** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8337** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8338** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8339** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8340** operation.
8341**
8342** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8343**
8344** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8345** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8346** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8347** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8348** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8349** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8350** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8351** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8352** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8353** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8354** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8355** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8356**
8357** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8358** <ol>
8359** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8360** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8361** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8362** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8363** destination and source page sizes differ.
8364** </ol>)^
8365**
8366** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8367** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8368** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8369** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8370** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8371** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8372** [database connection]
8373** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8374** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8375** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8376** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8377** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8378** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8379** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8380** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8381** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8382**
8383** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8384** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8385** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8386** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8387** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8388** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8389** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8390** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8391** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8392** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8393** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8394** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8395** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8396** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8397** updated at the same time.
8398**
8399** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8400**
8401** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8402** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8403** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8404** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8405** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8406** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8407** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8408** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8409** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8410**
8411** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8412** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8413** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8414** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8415** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8416** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8417**
8418** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8419** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8420** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8421**
8422** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8423** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8424**
8425** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8426** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8427** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8428** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8429** sqlite3_backup_step().
8430** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8431** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8432** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8433** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8434** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8435** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8436**
8437** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8438**
8439** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8440** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8441** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8442** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8443** from within other threads.
8444**
8445** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8446** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8447** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8448** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8449** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8450** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8451** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8452** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8453**
8454** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8455** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8456** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8457** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8458** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8459** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8460**
8461** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8462** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8463** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8464** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8465** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8466** possible that they return invalid values.
8467*/
8468sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8469  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8470  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8471  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8472  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8473);
8474int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8475int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8476int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8477int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8478
8479/*
8480** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8481** METHOD: sqlite3
8482**
8483** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8484** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8485** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8486** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8487** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8488** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8489** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8490** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8491**
8492** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8493**
8494** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8495** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8496**
8497** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8498** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8499** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8500** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8501** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8502** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8503** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8504** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8505** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8506** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
8507**
8508** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8509** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8510** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8511** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8512** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8513**
8514** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8515** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8516** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8517** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8518**
8519** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8520** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8521** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8522** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8523** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8524** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8525** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8526** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8527**
8528** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8529** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8530** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8531**
8532** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8533** returns SQLITE_OK.
8534**
8535** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8536**
8537** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8538** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8539** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8540** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8541** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8542** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8543**
8544** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
8545** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8546** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8547** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8548** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8549** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8550** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8551** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8552**
8553** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8554**
8555** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8556** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8557** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8558** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8559** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8560** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8561** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8562**
8563** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8564** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8565** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8566** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8567** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8568** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8569** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8570** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8571** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8572** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8573** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8574** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8575**
8576** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8577**
8578** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8579** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8580** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8581** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8582** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8583** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8584** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8585** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8586** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8587**
8588** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8589** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8590** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8591** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8592** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8593*/
8594int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8595  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8596  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8597  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8598);
8599
8600
8601/*
8602** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8603**
8604** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8605** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8606** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8607** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8608*/
8609int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8610int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8611
8612/*
8613** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8614*
8615** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8616** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8617** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8618** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8619** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8620** is case sensitive.
8621**
8622** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8623** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8624**
8625** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8626*/
8627int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8628
8629/*
8630** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8631*
8632** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8633** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8634** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8635** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8636** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8637** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8638** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8639** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8640** one another.
8641**
8642** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8643** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8644**
8645** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8646** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8647**
8648** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8649*/
8650int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8651
8652/*
8653** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8654**
8655** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8656** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8657** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8658** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8659**
8660** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8661** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8662** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8663** is considered bad form.
8664**
8665** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8666**
8667** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8668** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8669** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8670** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8671** buffer.
8672*/
8673void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8674
8675/*
8676** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8677** METHOD: sqlite3
8678**
8679** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8680** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8681**
8682** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8683** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8684** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8685**
8686** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8687** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8688** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8689** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8690** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8691** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8692** including those that were just committed.
8693**
8694** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8695** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8696** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8697** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8698** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8699** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8700** are undefined.
8701**
8702** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8703** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8704** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8705** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8706** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8707** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8708*/
8709void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8710  sqlite3*,
8711  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8712  void*
8713);
8714
8715/*
8716** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8717** METHOD: sqlite3
8718**
8719** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8720** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8721** to automatically [checkpoint]
8722** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8723** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8724** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8725** checkpoints entirely.
8726**
8727** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8728** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8729** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8730** configured by this function.
8731**
8732** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8733** from SQL.
8734**
8735** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8736** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8737**
8738** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8739** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8740** pages.  The use of this interface
8741** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8742** for a particular application.
8743*/
8744int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8745
8746/*
8747** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8748** METHOD: sqlite3
8749**
8750** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8751** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8752**
8753** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8754** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8755** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8756** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8757** information.
8758**
8759** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8760** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8761** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8762** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8763** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8764** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8765*/
8766int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8767
8768/*
8769** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8770** METHOD: sqlite3
8771**
8772** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8773** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8774** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8775** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8776**
8777** <dl>
8778** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8779**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8780**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8781**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8782**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8783**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8784**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8785**
8786** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8787**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8788**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8789**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8790**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8791**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8792**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8793**
8794** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8795**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8796**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8797**   [busy-handler callback])
8798**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8799**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8800**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8801**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8802**
8803** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8804**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8805**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8806**   to a successful return.
8807** </dl>
8808**
8809** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8810** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8811** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8812** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8813** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8814** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8815** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8816** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8817** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8818**
8819** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8820** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8821** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8822** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8823**
8824** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8825** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8826** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8827** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8828** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8829** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8830** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8831** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8832** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8833** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8834**
8835** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8836** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8837** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8838** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8839** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8840** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8841** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8842** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8843** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8844** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8845** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8846**
8847** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8848** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8849** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8850** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8851**
8852** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8853** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8854** sets the error information that is queried by
8855** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8856**
8857** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8858** from SQL.
8859*/
8860int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8861  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8862  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8863  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8864  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8865  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8866);
8867
8868/*
8869** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8870** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8871**
8872** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8873** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8874** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8875** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8876*/
8877#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8878#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8879#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8880#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8881
8882/*
8883** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8884**
8885** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8886** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8887** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8888**
8889** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8890** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8891**
8892** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8893** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8894** may be added in the future.
8895*/
8896int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8897
8898/*
8899** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8900**
8901** These macros define the various options to the
8902** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8903** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8904**
8905** <dl>
8906** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
8907** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
8908** <dd>Calls of the form
8909** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8910** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8911** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8912** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8913** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8914** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8915** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8916** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8917**
8918** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8919** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8920** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8921** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8922** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8923** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8924** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8925** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8926** had been ABORT.
8927**
8928** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8929** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8930** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8931** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8932** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8933** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8934** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8935** constraint handling.
8936** </dd>
8937**
8938** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
8939** <dd>Calls of the form
8940** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
8941** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
8942** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
8943** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
8944** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
8945** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
8946** flag unless absolutely necessary.
8947** </dd>
8948**
8949** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
8950** <dd>Calls of the form
8951** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
8952** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
8953** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
8954** views.
8955** </dd>
8956** </dl>
8957*/
8958#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8959#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
8960#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
8961
8962/*
8963** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8964**
8965** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8966** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8967** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8968** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8969** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8970** [virtual table].
8971*/
8972int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8973
8974/*
8975** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8976**
8977** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8978** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8979** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8980** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8981** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
8982** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
8983**
8984** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8985** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
8986** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8987** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8988** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8989** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8990*/
8991int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8992
8993/*
8994** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8995**
8996** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8997** method of a [virtual table].
8998**
8999** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
9000** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
9001** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
9002** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
9003** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
9004** constraint.
9005*/
9006SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9007
9008/*
9009** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
9010** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
9011**
9012** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
9013** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9014** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9015**
9016** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9017** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9018** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9019*/
9020#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9021/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9022#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9023/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9024#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9025
9026/*
9027** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9028** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9029**
9030** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9031** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9032** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9033**
9034** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9035** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9036** S is finalized.
9037**
9038** <dl>
9039** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9040** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9041** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9042**
9043** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9044** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9045** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9046**
9047** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9048** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9049** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9050** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9051** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9052** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9053** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9054**
9055** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9056** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9057** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9058** used for the X-th loop.
9059**
9060** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9061** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9062** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9063** description for the X-th loop.
9064**
9065** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9066** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9067** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9068** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9069** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9070** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9071** </dl>
9072*/
9073#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9074#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9075#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9076#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9077#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9078#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9079
9080/*
9081** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9082** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9083**
9084** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9085** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9086** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9087** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9088**
9089** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9090** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9091** compile-time option.
9092**
9093** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9094** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9095** of this interface is undefined.
9096** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9097** the "pOut" parameter.
9098** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9099** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9100** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9101** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9102** points to is unchanged.
9103**
9104** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9105** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9106** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9107** that pOut points to unchanged.
9108**
9109** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9110*/
9111int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9112  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9113  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9114  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9115  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9116);
9117
9118/*
9119** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9120** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9121**
9122** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9123**
9124** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9125** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9126*/
9127void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9128
9129/*
9130** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9131**
9132** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9133** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9134** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9135** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9136** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9137** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9138** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9139** any [attached] databases.
9140**
9141** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9142** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9143** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9144** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9145** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9146** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9147** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9148** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9149**
9150** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9151** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9152** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9153**
9154** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9155**
9156** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9157** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9158*/
9159int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9160
9161/*
9162** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9163**
9164** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9165** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9166**
9167** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
9168** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
9169** on a database table.
9170** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
9171** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
9172** the previous setting.
9173** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
9174** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
9175** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
9176** the first parameter to callbacks.
9177**
9178** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
9179** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
9180** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
9181**
9182** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
9183** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
9184** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
9185** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
9186** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
9187** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9188** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
9189** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
9190** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
9191** databases.)^
9192** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9193** table that is being modified.
9194**
9195** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
9196** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
9197** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
9198** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
9199** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
9200** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
9201** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
9202** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
9203** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
9204**
9205** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
9206** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
9207** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
9208** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
9209** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
9210** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
9211** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
9212** behavior.
9213**
9214** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
9215** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
9216**
9217** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9218** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9219** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9220** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9221** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
9222** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
9223** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9224** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9225**
9226** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9227** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9228** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9229** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9230** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9231** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9232** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9233** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9234**
9235** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9236** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9237** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9238** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9239** triggers; and so forth.
9240**
9241** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9242*/
9243#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9244void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9245  sqlite3 *db,
9246  void(*xPreUpdate)(
9247    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9248    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9249    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9250    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9251    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9252    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9253    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9254  ),
9255  void*
9256);
9257int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9258int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9259int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9260int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9261#endif
9262
9263/*
9264** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9265**
9266** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9267** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9268** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9269** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9270** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9271** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9272*/
9273int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9274
9275/*
9276** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9277** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9278**
9279** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9280** database for some specific point in history.
9281**
9282** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9283** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9284** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9285** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9286** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9287** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9288** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9289**
9290** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9291** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9292** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9293** the most recent version.
9294*/
9295typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9296  unsigned char hidden[48];
9297} sqlite3_snapshot;
9298
9299/*
9300** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9301** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9302**
9303** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9304** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9305** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9306** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9307** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9308** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9309** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9310**
9311** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9312** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9313** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9314** in this case.
9315**
9316** <ul>
9317**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9318**
9319**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9320**
9321**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9322**        connection D.
9323**
9324**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9325**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9326**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9327**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9328**        must be written to it first.
9329** </ul>
9330**
9331** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9332** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9333** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9334**
9335** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9336** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9337** to avoid a memory leak.
9338**
9339** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9340** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9341*/
9342SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9343  sqlite3 *db,
9344  const char *zSchema,
9345  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9346);
9347
9348/*
9349** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9350** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9351**
9352** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9353** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9354** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9355** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9356** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9357** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9358**
9359** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9360** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9361** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9362** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9363** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9364** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9365** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9366**
9367** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9368** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9369** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9370**
9371** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9372** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9373** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9374** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9375** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9376** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9377** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9378**
9379** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9380** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9381** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9382** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9383** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9384** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9385** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9386** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9387**
9388** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9389** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9390*/
9391SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9392  sqlite3 *db,
9393  const char *zSchema,
9394  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9395);
9396
9397/*
9398** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9399** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9400**
9401** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9402** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9403** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9404**
9405** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9406** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9407*/
9408SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9409
9410/*
9411** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9412** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9413**
9414** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9415** of two valid snapshot handles.
9416**
9417** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9418** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9419**
9420** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9421** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9422** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9423** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9424** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9425** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9426** is undefined.
9427**
9428** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9429** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9430** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9431**
9432** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9433** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9434*/
9435SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9436  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9437  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9438);
9439
9440/*
9441** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9442** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9443**
9444** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9445** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9446** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9447** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9448** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9449** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9450** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9451**
9452** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9453** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9454** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9455** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9456** database.
9457**
9458** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9459**
9460** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9461** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9462*/
9463SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9464
9465/*
9466** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9467**
9468** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9469** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9470** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9471** is written into *P.
9472**
9473** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9474** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9475** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9476** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9477**
9478** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9479** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9480** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9481** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9482** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9483** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9484** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9485** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9486** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9487** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9488** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9489** values of D and S.
9490** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9491** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9492** of the database exists.
9493**
9494** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9495** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9496** allocation error occurs.
9497**
9498** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9499** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9500*/
9501unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9502  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9503  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9504  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9505  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9506);
9507
9508/*
9509** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9510**
9511** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9512** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9513**
9514** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9515** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9516** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9517** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9518** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9519** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9520** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9521*/
9522#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9523
9524/*
9525** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9526**
9527** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9528** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9529** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9530** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9531** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9532** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9533** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9534** size does not exceed M bytes.
9535**
9536** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9537** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9538** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9539** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9540** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9541**
9542** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9543** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9544** operation.
9545**
9546** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9547** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9548** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9549**
9550** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9551** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9552*/
9553int sqlite3_deserialize(
9554  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9555  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9556  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9557  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9558  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9559  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9560);
9561
9562/*
9563** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9564**
9565** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9566** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9567**
9568** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9569** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9570** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9571** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9572** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9573**
9574** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9575** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9576** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9577** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9578** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9579**
9580** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9581** should be treated as read-only.
9582*/
9583#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9584#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9585#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9586
9587/*
9588** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9589** builds on processors without floating point support.
9590*/
9591#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9592# undef double
9593#endif
9594
9595#ifdef __cplusplus
9596}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9597#endif
9598#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9599