xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision a3fdec71)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return SQLITE_OK if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns SQLITE_OK but the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
385** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
386**
387** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
388** here in order to indicate success or failure.
389**
390** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
391**
392** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
393** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
394*/
395#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
396/* beginning-of-error-codes */
397#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
398#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
399#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
400#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
401#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
402#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
403#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
404#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
405#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
406#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
407#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
408#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
409#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
410#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
411#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
412#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
413#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
414#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
415#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
416#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
417#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
418#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
419#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
420#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
421#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
422#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
423#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
424#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
425#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
426#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
427/* end-of-error-codes */
428
429/*
430** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
431** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
432** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
433**
434** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
435** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
436** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
437** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
438** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
439** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
440** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
441** on a per database connection basis using the
442** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
443**
444** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
445** One may expect the number of extended result codes will increase
446** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
447** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
448**
449** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
450** be exactly zero.
451*/
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
474#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
478#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
479#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
480#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
481#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
482#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
483#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
484#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
485#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
486#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
487#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
488#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
489#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
490#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
491#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
492#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
493#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
494#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
495#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
496#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
497#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
498#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
499#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
500#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
501#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
502#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
503#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
504
505/*
506** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
507**
508** These bit values are intended for use in the
509** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
510** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
511*/
512#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
513#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
514#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
523#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
524#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
525#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
526#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
527#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
528#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
529#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
530#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
531#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
532
533/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
534
535/*
536** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
537**
538** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
539** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
540** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
541** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
542** refers to.
543**
544** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
545** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
546** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
547** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
548** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
549** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
550** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
551** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
552** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
553** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
554** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
555** file that were written at the application level might have changed
556** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
557** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
558** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.
559*/
560#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
561#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
562#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
563#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
564#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
565#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
568#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
569#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
570#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
571#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
572#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
573
574/*
575** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
576**
577** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
578** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
579** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
580*/
581#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
582#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
583#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
584#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
585#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
586
587/*
588** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
589**
590** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
591** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
592** these integer values as the second argument.
593**
594** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
595** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
596** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
597** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
598** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
599** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
600**
601** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
602** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
603** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
604** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
605** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
606** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
607** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
608** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
609** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
610** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
611** cares about the difference.)
612*/
613#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
614#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
615#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
616
617/*
618** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
619**
620** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
621** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
622** implementations will
623** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
624** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
625** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
626** I/O operations on the open file.
627*/
628typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
629struct sqlite3_file {
630  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
631};
632
633/*
634** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
635**
636** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
637** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
638** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
639** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
640** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
641**
642** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
643** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
644** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
645** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
646** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
647** to NULL.
648**
649** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
650** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
651** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
652** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
653** and not its inode needs to be synced.
654**
655** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
656** <ul>
657** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
658** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
659** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
660** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
661** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
662** </ul>
663** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
664** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
665** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
666** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
667** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
668**
669** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
670** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
671** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
672** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
673** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
674** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
675** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
676** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
677** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
678** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
679** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
680** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
681** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
682** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
683** recognize.
684**
685** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
686** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
687** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
688** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
689** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
690** underlying device:
691**
692** <ul>
693** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
694** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
695** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
696** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
697** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
698** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
699** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
700** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
701** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
702** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
703** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
704** </ul>
705**
706** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
707** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
708** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
709** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
710** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
711** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
712** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
713** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
714** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
715** to xWrite().
716**
717** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
718** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
719** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
720** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
721** database corruption.
722*/
723typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
724struct sqlite3_io_methods {
725  int iVersion;
726  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
727  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
728  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
729  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
730  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
731  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
732  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
733  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
734  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
735  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
736  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
737  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
738  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
739  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
740  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
741  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
742  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
743  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
744  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
745  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
746  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
747  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
748};
749
750/*
751** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
752**
753** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
754** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
755** interface.
756**
757** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
758** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
759** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
760** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
761** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
762** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
763** is defined.
764** <ul>
765** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
766** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
767** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
768** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
769** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
770** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
771** file run faster.
772**
773** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
774** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
775** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
776** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
777** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
778** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
779** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
780** improve performance on some systems.
781**
782** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
783** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
784** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
785** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
786** additional information.
787**
788** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
789** No longer in use.
790**
791** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
792** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
793** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
794** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
795** because the user has configured SQLite with
796** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
797** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
798** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
799** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
800** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
801** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
802** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
803** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
804**
805** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
806** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
807** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
808** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
809** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
810** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
811** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
812**
813** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
814** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
815** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
816** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
817** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
818** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
819** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
820** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
821** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
822** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
823** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
824** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
825** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
826** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
827** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
828** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
829**
830** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
831** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
832** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
833** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
834** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
835** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
836** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
837** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
838** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
839** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
840** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
841** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
842** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
843** WAL persistence setting.
844**
845** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
846** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
847** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
848** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
849** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
850** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
851** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
852** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
853** zero-damage mode setting.
854**
855** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
856** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
857** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
858** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
859** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
860**
861** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
862** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
863** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
864** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
865** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
866** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
867** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
868** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
869** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
870** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
871** is intended for diagnostic use only.
872**
873** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
874** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
875** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
876** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
877** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
878** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
879** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
880** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
881** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
882** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
883** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
884** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
885** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
886** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
887** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
888** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
889** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
890** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
891** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
892** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
893** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
894** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
895**
896** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
897** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
898** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
899** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
900** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
901** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
902** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
903** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
904** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
905** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
906** current operation.
907**
908** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
909** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
910** to have SQLite generate a
911** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
912** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
913** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
914** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
915** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
916**
917** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
918** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
919** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
920** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
921** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
922** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
923** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
924** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
925** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
926**
927** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
928** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
929** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
930** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
931** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
932** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
933** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
934**
935** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
936** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
937** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
938** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
939** was first opened.
940**
941** </ul>
942*/
943#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
944#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
945#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
946#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
947#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
948#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
949#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
950#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
951#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
952#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
953#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
954#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
955#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
956#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
957#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
958#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
959#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
960#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
961#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
962#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
963#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
964
965/*
966** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
967**
968** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
969** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
970** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
971** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
972**
973** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
974*/
975typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
976
977/*
978** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
979**
980** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
981** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
982** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
983** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
984**
985** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
986** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
987** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
988** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
989** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
990** modified.
991**
992** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
993** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
994** a pathname in this VFS.
995**
996** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
997** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
998** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
999** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1000** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1001** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1002**
1003** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1004** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1005** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1006** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1007** object once the object has been registered.
1008**
1009** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1010** be unique across all VFS modules.
1011**
1012** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1013** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1014** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1015** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1016** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1017** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1018** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1019** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1020** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1021** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1022** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1023** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1024** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1025** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1026** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1027** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1028**
1029** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1030** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1031** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1032** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1033** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1034** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1035**
1036** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1037** call, depending on the object being opened:
1038**
1039** <ul>
1040** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1041** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1042** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1043** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1044** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1045** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1046** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1047** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1048** </ul>)^
1049**
1050** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1051** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1052** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1053** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1054** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1055** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1056** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1057** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1058**
1059** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1060**
1061** <ul>
1062** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1063** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1064** </ul>
1065**
1066** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1067** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1068** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1069** databases, and subjournals.
1070**
1071** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1072** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1073** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1074** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1075** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1076** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1077** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1078** for exclusive access.
1079**
1080** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1081** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1082** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1083** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1084** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1085** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1086** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1087** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1088** or failure of the xOpen call.
1089**
1090** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1091** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1092** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1093** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1094** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1095** directory.
1096**
1097** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1098** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1099** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1100** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1101** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1102** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1103**
1104** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1105** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1106** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1107** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1108** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1109** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1110** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1111** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1112** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1113** a floating point value.
1114** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1115** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1116** a 24-hour day).
1117** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1118** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1119** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1120** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1121**
1122** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1123** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1124** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1125** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1126** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1127** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1128** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1129** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1130** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1131** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1132** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1133*/
1134typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1135typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1136struct sqlite3_vfs {
1137  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1138  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1139  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1140  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1141  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1142  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1143  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1144               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1145  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1146  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1147  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1148  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1149  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1150  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1151  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1152  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1153  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1154  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1155  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1156  /*
1157  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1158  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1159  */
1160  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1161  /*
1162  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1163  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1164  */
1165  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1166  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1167  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1168  /*
1169  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1170  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1171  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1172  */
1173};
1174
1175/*
1176** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1177**
1178** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1179** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1180** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1181** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1182** simply checks whether the file exists.
1183** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1184** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1185** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1186** the directory).
1187** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1188** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1189** release of SQLite.
1190** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1191** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1192** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1193** SQLite.
1194*/
1195#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1196#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1197#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1198
1199/*
1200** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1201**
1202** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1203** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1204** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1205** xShmLock method:
1206**
1207** <ul>
1208** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1209** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1210** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1211** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1212** </ul>
1213**
1214** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1215** was given no the corresponding lock.
1216**
1217** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1218** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1219** and EXCLUSIVE.
1220*/
1221#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1222#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1223#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1224#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1225
1226/*
1227** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1228**
1229** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1230** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1231** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1232** lock outside of this range
1233*/
1234#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1235
1236
1237/*
1238** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1239**
1240** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1241** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1242** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1243** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1244** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1245** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1246**
1247** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1248** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1249** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1250** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1251** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1252** are harmless no-ops.)^
1253**
1254** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1255** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1256** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1257** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1258**
1259** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1260** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1261** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1262** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1263** sqlite3_shutdown().
1264**
1265** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1266** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1267** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1268**
1269** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1270** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1271** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1272** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1273**
1274** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1275** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1276** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1277** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1278** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1279** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1280** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1281** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1282** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1283** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1284** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1285** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1286** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1287** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1288**
1289** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1290** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1291** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1292** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1293** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1294** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1295** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1296**
1297** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1298** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1299** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1300** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1301** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1302** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1303** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1304** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1305** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1306** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1307** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1308** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1309** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1310** failure.
1311*/
1312int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1313int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1314int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1315int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1316
1317/*
1318** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1319**
1320** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1321** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1322** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1323** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1324** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1325**
1326** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1327** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1328** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1329** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1330** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1331** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1332** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1333** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1334** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1335**
1336** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1337** [configuration option] that determines
1338** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1339** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1340** in the first argument.
1341**
1342** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1343** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1344** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1345*/
1346int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1347
1348/*
1349** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1350**
1351** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1352** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1353** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1354** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1355**
1356** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1357** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1358** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1359** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1360**
1361** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1362** the call is considered successful.
1363*/
1364int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1365
1366/*
1367** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1368**
1369** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1370** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1371**
1372** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1373** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1374** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1375** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1376** By creating an instance of this object
1377** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1378** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1379** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1380** dynamic memory needs.
1381**
1382** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1383** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1384** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1385** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1386** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1387** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1388** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1389** conditions.
1390**
1391** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1392** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1393** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1394** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1395**
1396** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1397** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1398** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1399**
1400** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1401** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1402** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1403** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1404** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1405** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1406** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1407**
1408** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1409** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1410** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1411** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1412** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1413** xInit and xShutdown.
1414**
1415** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1416** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1417** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1418** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1419** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1420** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1421** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1422** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1423** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1424** serialization.
1425**
1426** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1427** call to xShutdown().
1428*/
1429typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1430struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1431  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1432  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1433  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1434  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1435  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1436  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1437  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1438  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1439};
1440
1441/*
1442** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1443** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1444**
1445** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1446** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1447**
1448** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1449** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1450** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1451** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1452** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1453** is invoked.
1454**
1455** <dl>
1456** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1457** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1458** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1459** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1460** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1461** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1462** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1463** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1464** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1465** configuration option.</dd>
1466**
1467** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1468** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1469** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1470** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1471** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1472** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1473** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1474** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1475** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1476** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1477** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1478** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1479** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1480**
1481** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1482** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1483** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1484** all mutexes including the recursive
1485** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1486** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1487** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1488** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1489** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1490** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1491** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1492** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1493** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1494** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1495** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1496**
1497** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1498** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1499** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1500** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1501** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1502** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1503** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1504**
1505** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1506** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1507** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1508** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1509** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1510** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1511** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1512**
1513** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1514** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1515** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1516** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1517** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1518**   <ul>
1519**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1520**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1521**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1522**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1523**   </ul>)^
1524** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1525** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1526** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1527** </dd>
1528**
1529** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1530** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1531** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1532** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1533** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1534** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1535** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1536** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1537** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1538** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1539** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1540** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1541** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1542** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1543** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1544**
1545** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1546** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1547** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1548** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1549** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1550** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1551** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1552** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1553** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1554** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1555** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1556** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1557** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1558** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1559** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1560** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1561** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1562** The pointer in the first argument must
1563** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1564** will be undefined.</dd>
1565**
1566** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1567** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1568** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1569** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1570** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1571** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1572** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1573** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1574** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1575** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1576** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1577** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1578** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1579** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1580** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1581** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1582**
1583** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1584** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1585** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1586** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1587** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1588** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1589** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1590** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1591** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1592** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1593** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1594**
1595** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1596** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1597** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1598** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1599** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1600** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1601** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1602** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1603** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1604** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1605** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1606** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1607**
1608** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1609** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1610** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1611** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1612** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1613** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1614** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1615** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1616** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1617**
1618** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1619** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1620** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1621** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1622** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1623**
1624** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1625** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1626** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1627** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1628**
1629** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1630** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1631** global [error log].
1632** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1633** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1634** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1635** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1636** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1637** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1638** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1639** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1640** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1641** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1642** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1643** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1644** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1645** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1646** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1647** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1648**
1649** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1650** <dd>^(This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1651** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1652** is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1653** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1654** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1655** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1656** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1657** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1658** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1659** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1660** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1661**
1662** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1663** <dd>^This option takes a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1664** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1665** full table scans in the query optimizer.  ^The default setting is determined
1666** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1667** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1668** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1669** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1670** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1671** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1672** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1673**
1674** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1675** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1676** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1677** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1678** </dd>
1679**
1680** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1681** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1682** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1683** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1684** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1685** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1686** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1687** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1688** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1689** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1690** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1691** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1692** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1693** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1694** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1695** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1696**
1697** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1698** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1699** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1700** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1701** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1702** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1703** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1704** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1705** cannot be changed at run-time.  Nor may the maximum allowed mmap size
1706** exceed the compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1707** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1708** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1709** changed to its compile-time default.
1710**
1711** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1712** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1713** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
1714** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
1715** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1716** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1717** </dl>
1718*/
1719#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1720#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1721#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1722#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1723#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1724#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1725#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1726#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1727#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1728#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1729#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1730/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1731#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1732#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1733#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1734#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1735#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1736#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1737#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1738#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1739#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1740#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1741#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1742
1743/*
1744** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1745**
1746** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1747** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1748**
1749** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1750** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1751** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1752** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1753** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1754** is invoked.
1755**
1756** <dl>
1757** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1758** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1759** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1760** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1761** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1762** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1763** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1764** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1765** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1766** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1767** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1768** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1769** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1770** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1771** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1772** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1773** when the "current value" returned by
1774** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1775** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1776** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1777** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1778**
1779** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1780** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1781** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1782** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1783** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1784** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1785** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1786** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1787** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1788**
1789** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1790** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1791** There should be two additional arguments.
1792** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1793** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1794** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1795** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1796** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1797** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1798**
1799** </dl>
1800*/
1801#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1802#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1803#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1804
1805
1806/*
1807** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1808**
1809** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1810** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1811** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1812*/
1813int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1814
1815/*
1816** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1817**
1818** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1819** has a unique 64-bit signed
1820** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1821** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1822** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1823** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1824** is another alias for the rowid.
1825**
1826** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1827** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1828** on database connection D.
1829** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1830** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1831** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1832** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1833**
1834** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1835** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1836** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1837** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1838** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1839** table method began.)^
1840**
1841** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1842** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1843** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1844** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1845** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1846** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1847** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1848** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1849** the return value of this interface.)^
1850**
1851** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1852** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1853**
1854** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1855** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1856**
1857** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1858** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1859** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1860** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1861** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1862** last insert [rowid].
1863*/
1864sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1865
1866/*
1867** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1868**
1869** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1870** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1871** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1872** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1873** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1874** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1875** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1876** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1877**
1878** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1879** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1880**
1881** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1882** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1883** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1884** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1885** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1886**
1887** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1888** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1889** Most SQL statements are
1890** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1891** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1892** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1893** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1894**
1895** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1896** not create a new trigger context.
1897**
1898** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1899** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1900** trigger context.
1901**
1902** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1903** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1904** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1905** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1906** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1907** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1908** However, the number returned does not include changes
1909** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1910**
1911** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1912** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1913**
1914** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1915** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1916** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1917*/
1918int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1919
1920/*
1921** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1922**
1923** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1924** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1925** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1926** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1927** [foreign key actions]. However,
1928** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1929** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1930** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1931** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1932** are counted.)^
1933** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1934** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1935** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1936**
1937** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1938** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1939**
1940** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1941** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1942** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1943*/
1944int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1945
1946/*
1947** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1948**
1949** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1950** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1951** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1952** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1953** immediately.
1954**
1955** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1956** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1957** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1958** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1959**
1960** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1961** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1962** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1963**
1964** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1965** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1966** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1967** will be rolled back automatically.
1968**
1969** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1970** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1971** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1972** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1973** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1974** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1975** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1976** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1977** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1978** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1979**
1980** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1981** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1982*/
1983void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1984
1985/*
1986** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1987**
1988** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1989** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1990** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1991** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1992** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1993** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1994** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1995** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1996** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1997** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1998** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1999**
2000** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2001** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2002**
2003** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2004** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2005**
2006** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2007** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2008** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2009** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2010** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2011**
2012** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2013** UTF-8 string.
2014**
2015** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2016** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2017*/
2018int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2019int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2020
2021/*
2022** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2023**
2024** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
2025** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
2026** or process has locked.
2027**
2028** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
2029** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2030** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2031**
2032** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2033** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2034** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2035** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
2036** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2037** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
2038** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2039** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
2040**
2041** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2042** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2043** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2044** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
2045** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2046** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2047** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2048** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2049** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2050** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2051** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2052** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2053** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2054** the second process to proceed.
2055**
2056** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2057**
2058** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
2059** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
2060** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
2061** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
2062** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
2063** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
2064** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
2065** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
2066** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
2067** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
2068** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
2069** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
2070** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
2071** this is important.
2072**
2073** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2074** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2075** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2076** will also set or clear the busy handler.
2077**
2078** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2079** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
2080** result in undefined behavior.
2081**
2082** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2083** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2084*/
2085int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2086
2087/*
2088** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2089**
2090** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2091** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2092** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2093** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2094** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2095** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
2096**
2097** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2098** turns off all busy handlers.
2099**
2100** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2101** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
2102** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2103** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2104*/
2105int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2106
2107/*
2108** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2109**
2110** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2111** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2112**
2113** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2114** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2115** complete query results from one or more queries.
2116**
2117** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2118** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2119** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2120** and M be the number of columns.
2121**
2122** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2123** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2124** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2125** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2126** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2127** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2128**
2129** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2130** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2131** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2132**
2133** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2134** is as follows:
2135**
2136** <blockquote><pre>
2137**        Name        | Age
2138**        -----------------------
2139**        Alice       | 43
2140**        Bob         | 28
2141**        Cindy       | 21
2142** </pre></blockquote>
2143**
2144** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2145** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2146** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2147**
2148** <blockquote><pre>
2149**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2150**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2151**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2152**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2153**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2154**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2155**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2156**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2157** </pre></blockquote>)^
2158**
2159** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2160** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2161** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2162** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2163**
2164** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2165** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2166** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2167** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2168** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2169** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2170**
2171** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2172** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2173** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2174** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2175** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2176** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2177** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2178*/
2179int sqlite3_get_table(
2180  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2181  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2182  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2183  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2184  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2185  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2186);
2187void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2188
2189/*
2190** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2191**
2192** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2193** from the standard C library.
2194**
2195** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2196** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2197** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2198** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2199** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2200** memory to hold the resulting string.
2201**
2202** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2203** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2204** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2205** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2206** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2207** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2208** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2209** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2210** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2211** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2212** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2213** now without breaking compatibility.
2214**
2215** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2216** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2217** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2218** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2219** written will be n-1 characters.
2220**
2221** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2222**
2223** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2224** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2225** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2226** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2227**
2228** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2229** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2230** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2231** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2232** the string.
2233**
2234** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2235**
2236** <blockquote><pre>
2237**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2238** </pre></blockquote>
2239**
2240** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2241**
2242** <blockquote><pre>
2243**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2244**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2245**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2246** </pre></blockquote>
2247**
2248** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2249** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2250**
2251** <blockquote><pre>
2252**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2253** </pre></blockquote>
2254**
2255** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2256** would have looked like this:
2257**
2258** <blockquote><pre>
2259**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2260** </pre></blockquote>
2261**
2262** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2263** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2264**
2265** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2266** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2267** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2268** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2269**
2270** <blockquote><pre>
2271**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2272**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2273**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2274** </pre></blockquote>
2275**
2276** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2277** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2278**
2279** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2280** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2281** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2282*/
2283char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2284char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2285char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2286char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2287
2288/*
2289** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2290**
2291** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2292** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2293** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2294** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2295**
2296** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2297** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2298** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2299** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2300** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2301** a NULL pointer.
2302**
2303** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2304** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2305** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2306** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2307** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2308** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2309** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2310** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2311** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2312** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2313**
2314** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2315** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2316** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2317** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2318** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2319** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2320** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2321** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2322** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2323** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2324** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2325** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2326** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2327** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2328** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2329** is not freed.
2330**
2331** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2332** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2333** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2334** option is used.
2335**
2336** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2337** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2338** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2339** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2340**
2341** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2342** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2343** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2344** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2345** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2346** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2347** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2348**
2349** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2350** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2351** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2352** not yet been released.
2353**
2354** The application must not read or write any part of
2355** a block of memory after it has been released using
2356** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2357*/
2358void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2359void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2360void sqlite3_free(void*);
2361
2362/*
2363** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2364**
2365** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2366** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2367** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2368**
2369** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2370** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2371** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2372** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2373** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2374** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2375** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2376** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2377** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2378**
2379** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2380** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2381** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2382** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2383** prior to the reset.
2384*/
2385sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2386sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2387
2388/*
2389** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2390**
2391** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2392** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2393** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2394** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2395** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2396**
2397** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2398** ^If N is less than one, then P can be a NULL pointer.
2399**
2400** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2401** call had N less than one, then the PRNG is seeded using randomness
2402** obtained from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2403** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more then
2404** the pseudo-randomness is generated
2405** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2406** method.
2407*/
2408void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2409
2410/*
2411** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2412**
2413** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2414** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2415** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2416** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2417** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2418** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2419** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2420** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2421** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2422** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2423** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2424** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2425** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2426** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2427** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2428**
2429** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2430** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2431** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2432** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2433** access is denied.
2434**
2435** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2436** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2437** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2438** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2439** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2440** details about the action to be authorized.
2441**
2442** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2443** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2444** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2445** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2446** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2447** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2448** columns of a table.
2449** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2450** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2451** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2452**
2453** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2454** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2455** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2456** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2457** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2458** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2459** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2460** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2461** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2462** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2463**
2464** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2465** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2466** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2467** in addition to using an authorizer.
2468**
2469** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2470** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2471** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2472** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2473**
2474** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2475** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2476** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2477** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2478**
2479** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2480** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2481** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2482** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2483**
2484** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2485** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2486** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2487** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2488** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2489*/
2490int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2491  sqlite3*,
2492  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2493  void *pUserData
2494);
2495
2496/*
2497** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2498**
2499** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2500** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2501** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2502** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2503** information.
2504**
2505** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2506** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2507*/
2508#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2509#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2510
2511/*
2512** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2513**
2514** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2515** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2516** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2517** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2518** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2519**
2520** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2521** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2522** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2523** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2524** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2525** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2526** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2527** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2528** top-level SQL code.
2529*/
2530/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2531#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2532#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2533#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2534#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2535#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2536#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2537#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2538#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2539#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2540#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2541#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2542#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2543#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2544#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2545#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2546#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2547#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2548#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2549#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2550#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2551#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2552#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2553#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2554#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2555#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2556#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2557#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2558#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2559#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2560#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2561#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2562#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2563#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2564#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2565
2566/*
2567** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2568**
2569** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2570** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2571**
2572** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2573** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2574** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2575** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2576** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2577** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2578** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2579**
2580** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2581** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2582**
2583** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2584** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2585** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2586** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2587** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2588** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2589** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2590** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2591** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2592** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2593*/
2594void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2595SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2596   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2597
2598/*
2599** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2600**
2601** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2602** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2603** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2604** database connection D.  An example use for this
2605** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2606**
2607** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2608** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2609** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2610** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2611** handler is disabled.
2612**
2613** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2614** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2615** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2616** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2617** than 1.
2618**
2619** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2620** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2621** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2622**
2623** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2624** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2625** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2626** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2627**
2628*/
2629void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2630
2631/*
2632** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2633**
2634** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2635** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2636** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2637** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2638** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2639** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2640** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2641** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2642** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2643** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2644** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2645** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2646**
2647** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2648** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2649** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2650**
2651** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2652** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2653** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2654**
2655** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2656** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2657** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2658** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2659** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2660** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2661** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2662**
2663** <dl>
2664** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2665** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2666** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2667**
2668** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2669** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2670** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2671** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2672**
2673** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2674** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2675** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2676** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2677** </dl>
2678**
2679** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2680** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2681** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2682** then the behavior is undefined.
2683**
2684** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2685** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2686** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2687** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2688** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2689** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2690** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2691** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2692** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2693** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2694** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2695**
2696** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2697** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2698** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2699** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2700**
2701** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2702** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2703** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2704** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2705** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2706** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2707** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2708**
2709** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2710** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2711** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2712**
2713** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2714**
2715** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2716** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2717** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2718** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2719** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2720** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2721** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2722** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2723** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2724** information.
2725**
2726** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2727** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2728** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2729** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2730** present, is ignored.
2731**
2732** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2733** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2734** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2735** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2736** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2737** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2738** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2739**
2740** [[core URI query parameters]]
2741** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2742** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2743** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2744**
2745** <ul>
2746**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2747**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2748**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2749**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2750**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2751**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2752**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2753**
2754**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2755**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2756**     an error)^.
2757**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2758**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2759**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2760**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2761**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2762**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2763**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2764**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2765**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2766**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2767**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2768**
2769**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2770**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2771**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2772**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2773**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2774**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2775**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2776**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2777** </ul>
2778**
2779** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2780** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2781** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2782** additional information.
2783**
2784** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2785**
2786** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2787** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2788** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2789**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2790** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2791**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2792**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2793**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2794** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2795**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2796** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2797**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2798**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2799**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2800**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2801**          in URI filenames.
2802** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2803**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2804**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2805**          default, use a private cache.
2806** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2807**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2808** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2809**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2810** </table>
2811**
2812** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2813** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2814** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2815** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2816** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2817** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2818** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2819** the results are undefined.
2820**
2821** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2822** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2823** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2824** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2825** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2826**
2827** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2828** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2829** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2830**
2831** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2832*/
2833int sqlite3_open(
2834  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2835  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2836);
2837int sqlite3_open16(
2838  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2839  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2840);
2841int sqlite3_open_v2(
2842  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2843  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2844  int flags,              /* Flags */
2845  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2846);
2847
2848/*
2849** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2850**
2851** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2852** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2853** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2854**
2855** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2856** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2857** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2858** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2859** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2860** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2861** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2862** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2863** a pointer to an empty string.
2864**
2865** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2866** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2867** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2868** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2869** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2870** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2871** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2872** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2873** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2874** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2875**
2876** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2877** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2878** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2879** zero is returned.
2880**
2881** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2882** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2883** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2884** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2885** undesirable.
2886*/
2887const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2888int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2889sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2890
2891
2892/*
2893** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2894**
2895** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2896** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2897** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2898** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2899** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2900** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2901** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2902** disabled.
2903**
2904** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2905** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2906** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2907** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2908** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2909** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2910**
2911** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2912** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2913** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2914** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2915**
2916** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2917** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2918** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2919** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2920** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2921** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2922** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2923** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2924** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2925**
2926** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2927** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2928** error code and message may or may not be set.
2929*/
2930int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2931int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2932const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2933const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2934const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2935
2936/*
2937** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2938** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2939**
2940** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2941** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2942** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2943**
2944** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2945**
2946** <ol>
2947** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2948**      function.
2949** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2950**      interfaces.
2951** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2952** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2953**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2954** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2955** </ol>
2956**
2957** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2958** information.
2959*/
2960typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2961
2962/*
2963** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2964**
2965** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2966** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2967** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2968** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2969** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2970** new limit for that construct.)^
2971**
2972** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2973** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2974** [limits | hard upper bound]
2975** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2976** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2977** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2978** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2979** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2980**
2981** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2982** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2983** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2984** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2985**
2986** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2987** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2988** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2989** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2990** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2991** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2992** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2993** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2994** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2995** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2996** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2997** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2998**
2999** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3000*/
3001int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3002
3003/*
3004** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3005** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3006**
3007** These constants define various performance limits
3008** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3009** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3010** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3011**
3012** <dl>
3013** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3014** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3015**
3016** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3017** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3018**
3019** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3020** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3021** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3022** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3023**
3024** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3025** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3026**
3027** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3028** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3029**
3030** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3031** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3032** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3033** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3034** SQLite.</dd>)^
3035**
3036** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3037** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3038**
3039** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3040** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3041**
3042** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3043** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3044** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3045** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3046**
3047** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3048** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3049** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3050**
3051** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3052** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3053** </dl>
3054*/
3055#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3056#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3057#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3058#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3059#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3060#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3061#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3062#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3063#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3064#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3065#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3066
3067/*
3068** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3069** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3070**
3071** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3072** program using one of these routines.
3073**
3074** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3075** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3076** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3077**
3078** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3079** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3080** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3081** use UTF-16.
3082**
3083** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
3084** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
3085** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
3086** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
3087** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
3088** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
3089** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
3090** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3091** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
3092** make a copy of the input string.
3093**
3094** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3095** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3096** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3097** what remains uncompiled.
3098**
3099** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3100** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3101** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3102** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3103** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3104** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3105** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3106**
3107** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3108** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3109**
3110** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3111** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3112** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3113** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3114** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3115** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3116** behave differently in three ways:
3117**
3118** <ol>
3119** <li>
3120** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3121** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3122** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3123** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3124** </li>
3125**
3126** <li>
3127** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3128** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3129** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3130** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3131** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3132** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3133** </li>
3134**
3135** <li>
3136** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3137** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3138** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3139** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3140** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3141** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3142** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3143** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3144** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3145** </li>
3146** </ol>
3147*/
3148int sqlite3_prepare(
3149  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3150  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3151  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3152  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3153  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3154);
3155int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3156  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3157  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3158  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3159  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3160  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3161);
3162int sqlite3_prepare16(
3163  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3164  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3165  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3166  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3167  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3168);
3169int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3170  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3171  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3172  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3173  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3174  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3175);
3176
3177/*
3178** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3179**
3180** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3181** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3182** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3183*/
3184const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3185
3186/*
3187** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3188**
3189** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3190** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3191** the content of the database file.
3192**
3193** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3194** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3195** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3196** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3197** change the database file through side-effects:
3198**
3199** <blockquote><pre>
3200**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3201** </pre></blockquote>
3202**
3203** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3204** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3205**
3206** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3207** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3208** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3209** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3210** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3211** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3212** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3213** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3214*/
3215int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3216
3217/*
3218** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3219**
3220** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3221** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3222** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3223** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3224** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3225** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3226** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3227**
3228** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3229** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3230** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3231** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3232** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3233*/
3234int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3235
3236/*
3237** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3238** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3239**
3240** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3241** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3242** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3243** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3244**
3245** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3246** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3247** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3248** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3249** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3250**
3251** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3252** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3253** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3254** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3255** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3256** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3257** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3258** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3259** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3260** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3261** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3262** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3263**
3264** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3265** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3266** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3267** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3268** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3269** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3270** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3271** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3272*/
3273typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3274
3275/*
3276** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3277**
3278** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3279** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3280** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3281** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3282** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3283** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3284** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3285** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3286*/
3287typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3288
3289/*
3290** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3291** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3292** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3293**
3294** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3295** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3296** templates:
3297**
3298** <ul>
3299** <li>  ?
3300** <li>  ?NNN
3301** <li>  :VVV
3302** <li>  @VVV
3303** <li>  $VVV
3304** </ul>
3305**
3306** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3307** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3308** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3309** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3310**
3311** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3312** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3313** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3314**
3315** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3316** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3317** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3318** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3319** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3320** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3321** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3322** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3323** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3324**
3325** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3326** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3327** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3328** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3329**
3330** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3331** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3332** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3333** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3334** is negative, then the length of the string is
3335** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3336** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3337** the behavior is undefined.
3338** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3339** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3340** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3341** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3342** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3343** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3344** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3345**
3346** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3347** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3348** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3349** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3350** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3351** ^If the fifth argument is
3352** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3353** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3354** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3355** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3356** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3357**
3358** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3359** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3360** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3361** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3362** content is later written using
3363** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3364** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3365**
3366** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3367** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3368** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3369** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3370** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3371** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3372**
3373** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3374** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3375**
3376** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3377** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3378** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3379** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3380**
3381** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3382** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3383*/
3384int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3385int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3386int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3387int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3388int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3389int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3390int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3391int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3392int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3393
3394/*
3395** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3396**
3397** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3398** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3399** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3400** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3401** to the parameters at a later time.
3402**
3403** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3404** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3405** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3406** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3407**
3408** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3409** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3410** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3411*/
3412int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3413
3414/*
3415** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3416**
3417** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3418** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3419** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3420** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3421** respectively.
3422** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3423** is included as part of the name.)^
3424** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3425** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3426**
3427** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3428**
3429** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3430** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3431** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3432** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3433** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3434**
3435** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3436** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3437** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3438*/
3439const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3440
3441/*
3442** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3443**
3444** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3445** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3446** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3447** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3448** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3449** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3450**
3451** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3452** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3453** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3454*/
3455int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3456
3457/*
3458** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3459**
3460** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3461** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3462** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3463*/
3464int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3465
3466/*
3467** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3468**
3469** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3470** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3471** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3472**
3473** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3474*/
3475int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3476
3477/*
3478** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3479**
3480** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3481** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3482** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3483** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3484** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3485** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3486** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3487**
3488** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3489** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3490** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3491** or until the next call to
3492** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3493**
3494** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3495** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3496** NULL pointer is returned.
3497**
3498** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3499** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3500** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3501** one release of SQLite to the next.
3502*/
3503const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3504const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3505
3506/*
3507** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3508**
3509** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3510** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3511** [SELECT] statement.
3512** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3513** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3514** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3515** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3516** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3517** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3518** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3519** or until the same information is requested
3520** again in a different encoding.
3521**
3522** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3523** database, table, and column.
3524**
3525** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3526** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3527** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3528** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3529**
3530** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3531** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3532** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3533** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3534** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3535**
3536** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3537** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3538**
3539** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3540** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3541**
3542** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3543** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3544** undefined.
3545**
3546** If two or more threads call one or more
3547** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3548** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3549** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3550*/
3551const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3552const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3553const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3554const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3555const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3556const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3557
3558/*
3559** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3560**
3561** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3562** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3563** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3564** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3565** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3566** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3567** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3568**
3569** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3570**
3571** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3572**
3573** and the following statement to be compiled:
3574**
3575** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3576**
3577** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3578** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3579**
3580** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3581** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3582** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3583** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3584** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3585** used to hold those values.
3586*/
3587const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3588const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3589
3590/*
3591** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3592**
3593** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3594** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3595** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3596** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3597**
3598** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3599** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3600** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3601** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3602** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3603** interface will continue to be supported.
3604**
3605** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3606** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3607** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3608** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3609**
3610** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3611** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3612** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3613** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3614** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3615** continuing.
3616**
3617** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3618** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3619** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3620** machine back to its initial state.
3621**
3622** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3623** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3624** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3625** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3626**
3627** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3628** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3629** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3630** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3631** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3632** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3633** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3634** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3635**
3636** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3637** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3638** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3639** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3640** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3641** more threads at the same moment in time.
3642**
3643** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3644** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3645** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3646** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3647** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3648** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3649** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3650** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3651** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3652** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3653** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3654**
3655** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3656** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3657** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3658** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3659** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3660** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3661** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3662** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3663** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3664** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3665** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3666*/
3667int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3668
3669/*
3670** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3671**
3672** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3673** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3674** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3675** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3676** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3677** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3678** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3679** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3680** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3681** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3682** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3683** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3684**
3685** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3686*/
3687int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3688
3689/*
3690** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3691** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3692**
3693** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3694**
3695** <ul>
3696** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3697** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3698** <li> string
3699** <li> BLOB
3700** <li> NULL
3701** </ul>)^
3702**
3703** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3704**
3705** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3706** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3707** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3708** SQLITE_TEXT.
3709*/
3710#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3711#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3712#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3713#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3714#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3715# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3716#else
3717# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3718#endif
3719#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3720
3721/*
3722** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3723** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3724**
3725** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3726**
3727** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3728** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3729** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3730** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3731** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3732** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3733** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3734** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3735**
3736** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3737** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3738** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3739** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3740** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3741** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3742** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3743** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3744** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3745** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3746** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3747**
3748** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3749** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3750** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3751** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3752** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3753** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3754** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3755** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3756** following a type conversion.
3757**
3758** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3759** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3760** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3761** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3762** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3763** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3764** the number of bytes in that string.
3765** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3766**
3767** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3768** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3769** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3770** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3771** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3772** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3773** the number of bytes in that string.
3774** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3775**
3776** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3777** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3778** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3779** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3780** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3781**
3782** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3783** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3784** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3785**
3786** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3787** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3788** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3789** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3790** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3791** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3792** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3793**
3794** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3795** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3796** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3797** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3798** that are applied:
3799**
3800** <blockquote>
3801** <table border="1">
3802** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3803**
3804** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3805** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3806** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3807** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3808** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3809** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3810** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3811** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3812** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3813** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3814** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3815** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3816** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3817** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3818** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3819** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3820** </table>
3821** </blockquote>)^
3822**
3823** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3824** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3825** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3826** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3827** C programmers.
3828**
3829** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3830** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3831** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3832** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3833** in the following cases:
3834**
3835** <ul>
3836** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3837**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3838**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3839** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3840**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3841**      to UTF-16.</li>
3842** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3843**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3844**      to UTF-8.</li>
3845** </ul>
3846**
3847** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3848** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3849** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3850** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3851** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3852**
3853** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3854** in one of the following ways:
3855**
3856** <ul>
3857**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3858**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3859**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3860** </ul>
3861**
3862** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3863** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3864** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3865** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3866** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3867** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3868** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3869**
3870** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3871** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3872** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3873** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3874** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3875** [sqlite3_free()].
3876**
3877** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3878** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3879** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3880** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3881** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3882*/
3883const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3884int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3885int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3886double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3887int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3888sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3889const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3890const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3891int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3892sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3893
3894/*
3895** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3896**
3897** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3898** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3899** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3900** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3901** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3902** [extended error code].
3903**
3904** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3905** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3906** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3907** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3908** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3909** completed execution.
3910**
3911** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3912**
3913** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3914** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3915** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3916** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3917** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3918*/
3919int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3920
3921/*
3922** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3923**
3924** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3925** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3926** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3927** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3928** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3929**
3930** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3931** back to the beginning of its program.
3932**
3933** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3934** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3935** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3936** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3937**
3938** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3939** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3940** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3941**
3942** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3943** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3944*/
3945int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3946
3947/*
3948** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3949** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3950** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3951** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3952**
3953** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3954** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3955** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3956** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3957** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3958** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3959** the application data pointer.
3960**
3961** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3962** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3963** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3964** to each database connection separately.
3965**
3966** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3967** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3968** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3969** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3970** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3971** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3972**
3973** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3974** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3975** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3976** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3977** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3978** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3979** undefined.
3980**
3981** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3982** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3983** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
3984** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
3985** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
3986** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
3987** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
3988** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
3989** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
3990** each encoding.
3991** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3992** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3993**
3994** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
3995** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
3996** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
3997** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
3998** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
3999** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4000** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4001**
4002** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4003** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4004**
4005** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4006** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4007** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4008** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4009** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4010** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4011** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4012** callbacks.
4013**
4014** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4015** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4016** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4017** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4018** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4019** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4020** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4021** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4022** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4023**
4024** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4025** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4026** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4027** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4028** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4029** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4030** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4031** matches the database encoding is a better
4032** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4033** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4034** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4035** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4036**
4037** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4038**
4039** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4040** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4041** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4042** statement in which the function is running.
4043*/
4044int sqlite3_create_function(
4045  sqlite3 *db,
4046  const char *zFunctionName,
4047  int nArg,
4048  int eTextRep,
4049  void *pApp,
4050  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4051  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4052  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4053);
4054int sqlite3_create_function16(
4055  sqlite3 *db,
4056  const void *zFunctionName,
4057  int nArg,
4058  int eTextRep,
4059  void *pApp,
4060  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4061  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4062  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4063);
4064int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4065  sqlite3 *db,
4066  const char *zFunctionName,
4067  int nArg,
4068  int eTextRep,
4069  void *pApp,
4070  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4071  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4072  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4073  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4074);
4075
4076/*
4077** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4078**
4079** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4080** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4081*/
4082#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
4083#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
4084#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
4085#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4086#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4087#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4088
4089/*
4090** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4091**
4092** These constants may be ORed together with the
4093** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4094** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4095** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4096*/
4097#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4098
4099/*
4100** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4101** DEPRECATED
4102**
4103** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4104** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4105** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4106** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
4107** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
4108*/
4109#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4110SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4111SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4112SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4113SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4114SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4115SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4116                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4117#endif
4118
4119/*
4120** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4121**
4122** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4123** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4124** the function or aggregate.
4125**
4126** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4127** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4128** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4129** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4130** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4131** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4132** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4133**
4134** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4135** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4136** object results in undefined behavior.
4137**
4138** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4139** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4140** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4141**
4142** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4143** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4144** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4145** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4146**
4147** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4148** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4149** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4150** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4151** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4152** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4153** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4154**
4155** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4156** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4157** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4158** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4159** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4160**
4161** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4162** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4163*/
4164const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4165int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4166int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4167double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4168int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4169sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4170const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4171const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4172const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4173const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4174int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4175int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4176
4177/*
4178** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4179**
4180** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4181** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4182**
4183** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4184** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4185** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4186** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4187** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4188** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4189** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4190** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4191** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4192** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4193** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4194** first time from within xFinal().)^
4195**
4196** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4197** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4198** allocate error occurs.
4199**
4200** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4201** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4202** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4203** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4204** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4205** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4206** pointless memory allocations occur.
4207**
4208** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4209** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4210**
4211** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4212** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4213** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4214** function.
4215**
4216** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4217** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4218*/
4219void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4220
4221/*
4222** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4223**
4224** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4225** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4226** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4227** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4228** registered the application defined function.
4229**
4230** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4231** the application-defined function is running.
4232*/
4233void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4234
4235/*
4236** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4237**
4238** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4239** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4240** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4241** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4242** registered the application defined function.
4243*/
4244sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4245
4246/*
4247** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4248**
4249** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4250** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4251** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4252** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4253** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4254** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4255** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4256** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4257** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4258** invocations of the same function.
4259**
4260** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4261** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4262** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4263** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4264** returns a NULL pointer.
4265**
4266** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4267** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4268** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4269** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4270** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4271** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4272** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4273** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4274** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4275** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4276** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4277**      SQL statement, or
4278** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4279** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4280**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4281**
4282** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4283** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4284** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4285** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4286** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4287** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4288**
4289** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4290** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4291** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4292**
4293** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4294** the SQL function is running.
4295*/
4296void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4297void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4298
4299
4300/*
4301** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4302**
4303** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4304** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4305** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4306** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4307** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4308** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4309** the content before returning.
4310**
4311** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4312** C++ compilers.
4313*/
4314typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4315#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4316#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4317
4318/*
4319** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4320**
4321** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4322** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4323** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4324** for additional information.
4325**
4326** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4327** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4328** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4329**
4330** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4331** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4332** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4333** third parameter.
4334**
4335** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4336** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4337** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4338**
4339** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4340** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4341** by its 2nd argument.
4342**
4343** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4344** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4345** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4346** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4347** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4348** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4349** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4350** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4351** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4352** message all text up through the first zero character.
4353** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4354** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4355** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4356** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4357** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4358** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4359** modify the text after they return without harm.
4360** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4361** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4362** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4363** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4364**
4365** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4366** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4367**
4368** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4369** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4370**
4371** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4372** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4373** value given in the 2nd argument.
4374** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4375** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4376** value given in the 2nd argument.
4377**
4378** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4379** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4380**
4381** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4382** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4383** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4384** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4385** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4386** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4387** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4388** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4389** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4390** through the first zero character.
4391** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4392** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4393** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4394** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4395** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4396** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4397** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4398** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4399** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4400** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4401** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4402** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4403** finished using that result.
4404** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4405** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4406** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4407** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4408** when it has finished using that result.
4409** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4410** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4411** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4412** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4413**
4414** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4415** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4416** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4417** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4418** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4419** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4420** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4421** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4422** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4423**
4424** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4425** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4426** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4427*/
4428void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4429void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4430void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4431void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4432void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4433void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4434void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4435void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4436void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4437void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4438void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4439void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4440void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4441void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4442void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4443void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4444
4445/*
4446** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4447**
4448** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4449** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4450**
4451** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4452** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4453** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4454** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4455** considered to be the same name.
4456**
4457** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4458** <ul>
4459** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4460** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4461** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4462** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4463** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4464** </ul>)^
4465** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4466** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4467** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4468** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4469** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4470** on an even byte address.
4471**
4472** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4473** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4474**
4475** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4476** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4477** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4478** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4479** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4480** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4481** that collation is no longer usable.
4482**
4483** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4484** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4485** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4486** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4487** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4488** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4489** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4490** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4491** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4492** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4493** strings A, B, and C:
4494**
4495** <ol>
4496** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4497** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4498** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4499** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4500** </ol>
4501**
4502** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4503** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4504** is undefined.
4505**
4506** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4507** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4508** the collating function is deleted.
4509** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4510** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4511** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4512**
4513** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4514** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4515** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4516** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4517** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4518** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4519** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4520** compatibility.
4521**
4522** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4523*/
4524int sqlite3_create_collation(
4525  sqlite3*,
4526  const char *zName,
4527  int eTextRep,
4528  void *pArg,
4529  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4530);
4531int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4532  sqlite3*,
4533  const char *zName,
4534  int eTextRep,
4535  void *pArg,
4536  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4537  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4538);
4539int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4540  sqlite3*,
4541  const void *zName,
4542  int eTextRep,
4543  void *pArg,
4544  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4545);
4546
4547/*
4548** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4549**
4550** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4551** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4552** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4553** sequence is required.
4554**
4555** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4556** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4557** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4558** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4559** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4560**
4561** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4562** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4563** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4564** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4565** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4566** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4567** required collation sequence.)^
4568**
4569** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4570** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4571** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4572*/
4573int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4574  sqlite3*,
4575  void*,
4576  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4577);
4578int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4579  sqlite3*,
4580  void*,
4581  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4582);
4583
4584#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4585/*
4586** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4587** called right after sqlite3_open().
4588**
4589** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4590** of SQLite.
4591*/
4592int sqlite3_key(
4593  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4594  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4595);
4596int sqlite3_key_v2(
4597  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4598  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4599  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4600);
4601
4602/*
4603** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4604** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4605** database is decrypted.
4606**
4607** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4608** of SQLite.
4609*/
4610int sqlite3_rekey(
4611  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4612  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4613);
4614int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4615  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4616  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4617  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4618);
4619
4620/*
4621** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4622** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4623*/
4624void sqlite3_activate_see(
4625  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4626);
4627#endif
4628
4629#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4630/*
4631** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4632** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4633*/
4634void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4635  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4636);
4637#endif
4638
4639/*
4640** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4641**
4642** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4643** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4644**
4645** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4646** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4647** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4648** requested from the operating system is returned.
4649**
4650** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4651** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4652** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4653** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4654** in the previous paragraphs.
4655*/
4656int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4657
4658/*
4659** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4660**
4661** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4662** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4663** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4664** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4665** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4666** temporary file directory.
4667**
4668** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4669** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4670** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4671** thread.
4672** It is intended that this variable be set once
4673** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4674** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4675** thereafter.
4676**
4677** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4678** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4679** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4680** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4681** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4682** using [sqlite3_free].
4683** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4684** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4685** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4686**
4687** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4688** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4689** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4690** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4691**
4692** <blockquote><pre>
4693** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4694** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4695** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4696** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4697** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4698** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4699** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4700** </pre></blockquote>
4701*/
4702SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4703
4704/*
4705** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4706**
4707** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4708** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4709** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4710** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4711** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4712** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4713** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4714** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4715** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4716**
4717** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4718** open can result in a corrupt database.
4719**
4720** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4721** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4722** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4723** thread.
4724** It is intended that this variable be set once
4725** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4726** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4727** thereafter.
4728**
4729** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4730** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4731** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4732** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4733** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4734** using [sqlite3_free].
4735** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4736** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4737** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4738*/
4739SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4740
4741/*
4742** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4743** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4744**
4745** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4746** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4747** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4748** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4749** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4750**
4751** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4752** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4753** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4754** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4755** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4756** an error is to use this function.
4757**
4758** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4759** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4760** is undefined.
4761*/
4762int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4763
4764/*
4765** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4766**
4767** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4768** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4769** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4770** that was the first argument
4771** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4772** create the statement in the first place.
4773*/
4774sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4775
4776/*
4777** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4778**
4779** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4780** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4781** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4782** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4783** a NULL pointer is returned.
4784**
4785** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4786** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4787** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4788** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4789*/
4790const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4791
4792/*
4793** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4794**
4795** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4796** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4797** the name of a database on connection D.
4798*/
4799int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4800
4801/*
4802** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4803**
4804** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4805** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4806** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4807** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4808** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4809**
4810** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4811** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4812** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4813*/
4814sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4815
4816/*
4817** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4818**
4819** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4820** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4821** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4822** for the same database connection is overridden.
4823** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4824** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4825** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4826** for the same database connection is overridden.
4827** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4828** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4829** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4830**
4831** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4832** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4833** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4834** the first call for each function on D.
4835**
4836** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4837** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4838** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4839** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4840** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4841** or rollback hook in the first place.
4842** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4843** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4844** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4845**
4846** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4847**
4848** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4849** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4850** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4851** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4852** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4853**
4854** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4855** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4856** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4857** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4858** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4859**
4860** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4861*/
4862void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4863void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4864
4865/*
4866** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4867**
4868** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4869** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4870** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
4871** a rowid table.
4872** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4873** for the same database connection is overridden.
4874**
4875** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4876** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
4877** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4878** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4879** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4880** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4881** to be invoked.
4882** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4883** database and table name containing the affected row.
4884** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4885** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4886**
4887** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4888** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4889** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
4890**
4891** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4892** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4893** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4894** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4895** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4896** release of SQLite.
4897**
4898** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4899** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4900** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4901** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4902** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4903** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4904**
4905** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4906** returns the P argument from the previous call
4907** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4908** the first call on D.
4909**
4910** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4911** interfaces.
4912*/
4913void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4914  sqlite3*,
4915  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4916  void*
4917);
4918
4919/*
4920** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4921**
4922** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4923** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4924** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4925** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4926**
4927** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4928** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4929** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4930**
4931** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4932** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4933** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4934** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4935**
4936** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4937** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4938**
4939** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4940** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4941** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4942**
4943** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
4944** 32-bit integer is atomic.
4945**
4946** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4947*/
4948int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4949
4950/*
4951** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4952**
4953** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4954** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4955** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4956** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4957** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4958** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4959** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4960** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4961**
4962** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4963*/
4964int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4965
4966/*
4967** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4968**
4969** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4970** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4971** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
4972** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4973** omitted.
4974**
4975** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4976*/
4977int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4978
4979/*
4980** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4981**
4982** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4983** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4984** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4985** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4986** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4987** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4988** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4989** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4990** is advisory only.
4991**
4992** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4993** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4994** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4995** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4996** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4997** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4998**
4999** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5000**
5001** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5002** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5003**
5004** <ul>
5005** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5006** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5007**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5008**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5009** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5010**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5011** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5012**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5013**      from the heap.
5014** </ul>)^
5015**
5016** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5017** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5018** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5019** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5020** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5021** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5022** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5023** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5024** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5025**
5026** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5027** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5028*/
5029sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5030
5031/*
5032** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5033** DEPRECATED
5034**
5035** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5036** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5037** only.  All new applications should use the
5038** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5039*/
5040SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5041
5042
5043/*
5044** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5045**
5046** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
5047** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
5048** passed as the first function argument.
5049**
5050** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5051** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
5052** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5053** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5054** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5055** resolve unqualified table references.
5056**
5057** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5058** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
5059** may be NULL.
5060**
5061** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5062** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5063** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5064**
5065** ^(<blockquote>
5066** <table border="1">
5067** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5068**
5069** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5070** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5071** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5072** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5073** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5074** </table>
5075** </blockquote>)^
5076**
5077** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5078** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
5079** call to any SQLite API function.
5080**
5081** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5082**
5083** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
5084** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5085** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5086** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
5087** parameters are set as follows:
5088**
5089** <pre>
5090**     data type: "INTEGER"
5091**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5092**     not null: 0
5093**     primary key: 1
5094**     auto increment: 0
5095** </pre>)^
5096**
5097** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
5098** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
5099** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
5100** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
5101**
5102** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5103** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5104*/
5105int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5106  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5107  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5108  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5109  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5110  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5111  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5112  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5113  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5114  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5115);
5116
5117/*
5118** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5119**
5120** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5121**
5122** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5123** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5124** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5125** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5126** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5127** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5128** be tried also.
5129**
5130** ^The entry point is zProc.
5131** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5132** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5133** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5134** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5135** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5136** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5137** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5138** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5139** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5140** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5141** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5142** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5143** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5144**
5145** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5146** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5147** otherwise an error will be returned.
5148**
5149** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5150*/
5151int sqlite3_load_extension(
5152  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5153  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5154  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5155  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5156);
5157
5158/*
5159** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5160**
5161** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5162** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5163** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5164** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5165**
5166** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5167** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5168** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5169** it back off again.
5170*/
5171int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5172
5173/*
5174** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5175**
5176** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5177** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5178** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5179** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5180**
5181** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5182** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5183** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5184** entry point where as follows:
5185**
5186** <blockquote><pre>
5187** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5188** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5189** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5190** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5191** &nbsp;  );
5192** </pre></blockquote>)^
5193**
5194** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5195** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5196** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5197** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5198** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5199** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5200** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5201**
5202** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5203** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5204** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5205**
5206** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5207** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5208*/
5209int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5210
5211/*
5212** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5213**
5214** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5215** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5216** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5217** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5218** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5219** routines.
5220*/
5221int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5222
5223/*
5224** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5225**
5226** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5227** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5228*/
5229void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5230
5231/*
5232** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5233** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5234** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5235**
5236** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5237** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5238*/
5239
5240/*
5241** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5242*/
5243typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5244typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5245typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5246typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5247
5248/*
5249** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5250** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5251**
5252** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5253** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5254** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5255**
5256** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5257** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5258** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5259** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5260** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5261** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5262** any database connection.
5263*/
5264struct sqlite3_module {
5265  int iVersion;
5266  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5267               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5268               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5269  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5270               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5271               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5272  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5273  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5274  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5275  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5276  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5277  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5278                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5279  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5280  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5281  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5282  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5283  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5284  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5285  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5286  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5287  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5288  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5289                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5290                       void **ppArg);
5291  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5292  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5293  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5294  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5295  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5296  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5297};
5298
5299/*
5300** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5301** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5302**
5303** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5304** of the [virtual table] interface to
5305** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5306** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5307** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5308** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5309**
5310** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5311**
5312** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5313**
5314** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5315** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5316** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5317** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5318** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5319** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5320** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5321**
5322** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5323** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5324** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5325** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5326** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5327**
5328** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5329** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5330**
5331** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5332** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5333** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5334** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5335** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5336** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5337**
5338** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5339** [xFilter] method.
5340** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5341** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5342**
5343** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5344** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5345** sorting step is required.
5346**
5347** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5348** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5349** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5350** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5351** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5352**
5353** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5354** will be returned by the strategy.
5355**
5356** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5357** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5358** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5359** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5360** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5361** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5362** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5363*/
5364struct sqlite3_index_info {
5365  /* Inputs */
5366  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5367  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5368     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5369     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5370     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5371     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5372  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5373  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5374  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5375     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5376     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5377  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5378  /* Outputs */
5379  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5380    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5381    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5382  } *aConstraintUsage;
5383  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5384  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5385  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5386  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5387  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5388  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5389  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5390};
5391
5392/*
5393** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5394**
5395** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5396** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5397** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5398** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5399*/
5400#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5401#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5402#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5403#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5404#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5405#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5406
5407/*
5408** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5409**
5410** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5411** ^Module names must be registered before
5412** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5413** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5414**
5415** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5416** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5417** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5418** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5419** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5420** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5421** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5422**
5423** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5424** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5425** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5426** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5427** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5428** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5429** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5430** destructor.
5431*/
5432int sqlite3_create_module(
5433  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5434  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5435  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5436  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5437);
5438int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5439  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5440  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5441  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5442  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5443  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5444);
5445
5446/*
5447** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5448** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5449**
5450** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5451** of this object to describe a particular instance
5452** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5453** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5454** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5455** common to all module implementations.
5456**
5457** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5458** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5459** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5460** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5461** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5462** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5463*/
5464struct sqlite3_vtab {
5465  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5466  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5467  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5468  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5469};
5470
5471/*
5472** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5473** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5474**
5475** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5476** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5477** [virtual table] and are used
5478** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5479** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5480** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5481** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5482** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5483** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5484**
5485** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5486** are common to all implementations.
5487*/
5488struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5489  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5490  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5491};
5492
5493/*
5494** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5495**
5496** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5497** [virtual table module] call this interface
5498** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5499** the virtual tables they implement.
5500*/
5501int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5502
5503/*
5504** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5505**
5506** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5507** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5508** But global versions of those functions
5509** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5510**
5511** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5512** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5513** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5514** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5515** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5516** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5517** by a [virtual table].
5518*/
5519int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5520
5521/*
5522** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5523** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5524** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5525** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5526**
5527** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5528** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5529*/
5530
5531/*
5532** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5533** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5534**
5535** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5536** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5537** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5538** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5539** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5540** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5541** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5542*/
5543typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5544
5545/*
5546** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5547**
5548** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5549** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5550** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5551**
5552** <pre>
5553**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5554** </pre>)^
5555**
5556** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5557** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5558** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5559** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5560** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5561**
5562** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5563** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5564** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5565** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5566** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5567**
5568** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5569** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5570** to be a null pointer.)^
5571** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5572** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5573** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5574** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5575** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5576**
5577** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5578** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5579** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5580** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5581** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5582** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5583** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5584** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5585** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5586** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5587**
5588** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5589** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5590** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5591** blob.
5592**
5593** ^The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface will fail for a [WITHOUT ROWID]
5594** table.  Incremental BLOB I/O is not possible on [WITHOUT ROWID] tables.
5595**
5596** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5597** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5598** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5599** this interface.
5600**
5601** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5602** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5603*/
5604int sqlite3_blob_open(
5605  sqlite3*,
5606  const char *zDb,
5607  const char *zTable,
5608  const char *zColumn,
5609  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5610  int flags,
5611  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5612);
5613
5614/*
5615** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5616**
5617** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5618** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5619** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5620** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5621** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5622** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5623**
5624** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5625** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5626** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5627** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5628** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5629** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5630** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5631** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5632** always returns zero.
5633**
5634** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5635*/
5636SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5637
5638/*
5639** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5640**
5641** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5642**
5643** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5644** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5645** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5646** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5647** until the close operation if they will fit.
5648**
5649** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5650** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5651** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5652** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5653**
5654** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5655** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5656**
5657** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5658** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5659*/
5660int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5661
5662/*
5663** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5664**
5665** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5666** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5667** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5668** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5669**
5670** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5671** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5672** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5673** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5674*/
5675int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5676
5677/*
5678** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5679**
5680** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5681** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5682** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5683**
5684** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5685** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5686** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5687** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5688** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5689**
5690** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5691** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5692**
5693** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5694** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5695**
5696** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5697** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5698** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5699** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5700**
5701** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5702*/
5703int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5704
5705/*
5706** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5707**
5708** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5709** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5710** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5711**
5712** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5713** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5714** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5715**
5716** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5717** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5718** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5719** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5720** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5721** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5722** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5723**
5724** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5725** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5726** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5727** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5728** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5729** or by other independent statements.
5730**
5731** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5732** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5733**
5734** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5735** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5736** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5737** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5738**
5739** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5740*/
5741int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5742
5743/*
5744** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5745**
5746** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5747** that SQLite uses to interact
5748** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5749** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5750** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5751** The following interfaces are provided.
5752**
5753** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5754** ^Names are case sensitive.
5755** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5756** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5757** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5758**
5759** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5760** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5761** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5762** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5763** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5764** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5765** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5766** then the behavior is undefined.
5767**
5768** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5769** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5770** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5771*/
5772sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5773int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5774int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5775
5776/*
5777** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5778**
5779** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5780** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5781** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5782** permitted to use any of these routines.
5783**
5784** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5785** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5786** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5787** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5788**
5789** <ul>
5790** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5791** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5792** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5793** </ul>)^
5794**
5795** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5796** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5797** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5798** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5799** and Windows.
5800**
5801** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5802** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5803** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5804** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5805** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5806** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5807** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5808**
5809** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5810** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5811** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5812** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5813** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5814**
5815** <ul>
5816** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5817** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5818** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5819** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5820** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5821** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5822** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5823** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5824** </ul>)^
5825**
5826** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5827** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5828** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5829** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5830** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5831** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5832** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5833** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5834** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5835** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5836**
5837** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5838** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5839** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5840** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5841** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5842** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5843** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5844** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5845**
5846** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5847** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5848** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5849** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5850** the same type number.
5851**
5852** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5853** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5854** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5855** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5856** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5857** a static mutex.
5858**
5859** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5860** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5861** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5862** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5863** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5864** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5865** In such cases the,
5866** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5867** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5868** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5869** SQLite will never exhibit
5870** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5871**
5872** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5873** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5874** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5875** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5876**
5877** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5878** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5879** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5880** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5881** never do either.)^
5882**
5883** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5884** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5885** behave as no-ops.
5886**
5887** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5888*/
5889sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5890void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5891void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5892int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5893void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5894
5895/*
5896** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5897**
5898** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5899** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5900**
5901** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5902** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5903** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5904** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5905** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5906** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5907** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5908** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5909** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5910**
5911** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5912** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5913** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5914** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5915**
5916** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5917** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5918** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5919** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5920** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5921** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5922**
5923** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5924** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5925** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5926**
5927** <ul>
5928**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5929**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5930**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5931**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5932**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5933**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5934**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5935** </ul>)^
5936**
5937** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5938** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5939** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5940** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5941** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5942** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5943** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5944**
5945** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5946** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5947** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5948** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5949**
5950** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5951** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5952** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5953** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5954**
5955** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5956** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5957** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5958** prior to returning.
5959*/
5960typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5961struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5962  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5963  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5964  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5965  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5966  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5967  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5968  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5969  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5970  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5971};
5972
5973/*
5974** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5975**
5976** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5977** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5978** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5979** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5980** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5981** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5982** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5983** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5984**
5985** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5986** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5987**
5988** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5989** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5990** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5991** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5992**
5993** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5994** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5995** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5996** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5997** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5998** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5999** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6000** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6001*/
6002#ifndef NDEBUG
6003int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6004int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6005#endif
6006
6007/*
6008** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6009**
6010** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6011** which is one of these integer constants.
6012**
6013** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6014** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6015** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6016*/
6017#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6018#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6019#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6020#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6021#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6022#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6023#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6024#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6025#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6026#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6027
6028/*
6029** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6030**
6031** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6032** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6033** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6034** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6035** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6036*/
6037sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6038
6039/*
6040** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6041**
6042** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6043** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6044** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6045** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6046** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6047** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6048** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6049** main database file.
6050** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6051** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6052** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6053** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6054**
6055** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6056** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6057** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6058** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6059** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6060**
6061** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6062** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6063** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6064** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6065** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6066** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6067** xFileControl method.
6068**
6069** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6070*/
6071int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6072
6073/*
6074** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6075**
6076** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6077** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6078** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6079** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6080**
6081** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6082** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6083** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6084**
6085** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6086** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6087** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6088** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6089*/
6090int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6091
6092/*
6093** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6094**
6095** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6096** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6097**
6098** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6099** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6100** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6101** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6102*/
6103#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6104#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6105#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6106#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6107#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6108#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6109#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6110#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6111#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6112#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6113#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6114#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6115#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6116#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6117#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6118#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
6119#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6120#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    20
6121
6122/*
6123** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6124**
6125** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6126** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6127** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6128** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6129** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6130** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6131** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6132** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6133** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6134** value.  For those parameters
6135** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6136** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6137** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6138**
6139** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6140** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6141**
6142** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6143** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6144** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6145** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6146** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6147** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6148**
6149** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6150*/
6151int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6152
6153
6154/*
6155** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6156** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6157**
6158** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6159** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6160**
6161** <dl>
6162** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6163** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6164** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6165** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6166** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6167** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6168** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6169** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6170** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6171**
6172** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6173** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6174** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6175** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6176** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6177** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6178**
6179** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6180** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6181** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6182**
6183** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6184** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6185** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6186** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6187** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6188**
6189** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6190** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6191** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6192** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6193** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6194** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6195** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6196** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6197** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6198**
6199** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6200** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6201** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6202** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6203** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6204**
6205** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6206** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6207** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6208** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6209** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6210** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6211** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6212**
6213** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6214** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6215** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6216** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6217** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6218** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6219** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6220** slots were available.
6221** </dd>)^
6222**
6223** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6224** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6225** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6226** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6227** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6228**
6229** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6230** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6231** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6232** </dl>
6233**
6234** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6235*/
6236#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6237#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6238#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6239#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6240#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6241#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6242#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6243#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6244#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6245#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6246
6247/*
6248** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6249**
6250** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6251** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6252** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6253** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6254** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6255** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6256** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6257** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6258**
6259** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6260** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6261** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6262** reset back down to the current value.
6263**
6264** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6265** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6266**
6267** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6268*/
6269int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6270
6271/*
6272** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6273** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6274**
6275** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6276** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6277**
6278** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6279** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6280** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6281** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6282** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6283**
6284** <dl>
6285** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6286** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6287** checked out.</dd>)^
6288**
6289** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6290** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6291** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6292** the current value is always zero.)^
6293**
6294** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6295** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6296** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6297** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6298** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6299** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6300** the current value is always zero.)^
6301**
6302** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6303** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6304** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6305** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6306** memory already being in use.
6307** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6308** the current value is always zero.)^
6309**
6310** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6311** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6312** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6313** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6314**
6315** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6316** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6317** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6318** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6319** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6320** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6321** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6322** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6323**
6324** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6325** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6326** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6327** the database connection.)^
6328** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6329** </dd>
6330**
6331** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6332** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6333** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6334** is always 0.
6335** </dd>
6336**
6337** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6338** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6339** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6340** is always 0.
6341** </dd>
6342**
6343** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6344** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6345** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6346** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6347** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6348** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6349** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6350** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6351** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6352** </dd>
6353**
6354** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6355** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6356** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6357** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6358** </dd>
6359** </dl>
6360*/
6361#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6362#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6363#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6364#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6365#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6366#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6367#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6368#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6369#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6370#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6371#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6372#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6373
6374
6375/*
6376** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6377**
6378** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6379** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6380** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6381** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6382** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6383** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6384** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6385** an index.
6386**
6387** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6388** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6389** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6390** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6391** to be interrogated.)^
6392** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6393** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6394** interface call returns.
6395**
6396** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6397*/
6398int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6399
6400/*
6401** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6402** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6403**
6404** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6405** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6406** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6407**
6408** <dl>
6409** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6410** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6411** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6412** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6413** careful use of indices.</dd>
6414**
6415** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6416** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6417** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6418** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6419**
6420** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6421** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6422** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6423** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6424** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6425** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6426**
6427** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6428** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6429** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6430** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6431** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6432** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6433** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6434** </dd>
6435** </dl>
6436*/
6437#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6438#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6439#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6440#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6441
6442/*
6443** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6444**
6445** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6446** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6447** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6448** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6449** to the object.
6450**
6451** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6452*/
6453typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6454
6455/*
6456** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6457**
6458** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6459** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6460** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6461** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6462**
6463** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6464*/
6465typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6466struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6467  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6468  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6469};
6470
6471/*
6472** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6473** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6474**
6475** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6476** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6477** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6478** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6479** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6480** By implementing a
6481** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6482** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6483** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6484** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6485** how long.
6486**
6487** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6488** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6489** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6490**
6491** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6492** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6493** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6494** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6495**
6496** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6497** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6498** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6499** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6500** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6501** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6502** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6503** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6504** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6505** page cache.)^
6506**
6507** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6508** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6509** It can be used to clean up
6510** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6511** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6512**
6513** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6514** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6515** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6516** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6517** in multithreaded applications.
6518**
6519** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6520** call to xShutdown().
6521**
6522** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6523** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6524** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6525** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6526** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6527** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6528** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6529** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6530** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6531** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6532** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6533** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6534** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6535** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6536** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6537** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6538** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6539** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6540** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6541** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6542** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6543** never contain any unpinned pages.
6544**
6545** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6546** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6547** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6548** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6549** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6550** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6551** value; it is advisory only.
6552**
6553** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6554** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6555** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6556**
6557** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6558** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6559** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6560** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6561** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6562** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6563** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6564** for each entry in the page cache.
6565**
6566** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6567** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6568** to be "pinned".
6569**
6570** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6571** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6572** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6573** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6574** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6575**
6576** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6577** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6578** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6579** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6580**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6581** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6582**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6583** </table>
6584**
6585** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6586** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6587** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6588** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6589** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6590**
6591** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6592** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6593** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6594** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6595** ^If the discard parameter is
6596** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6597** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6598** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6599**
6600** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6601** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6602** to xFetch().
6603**
6604** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6605** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6606** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6607** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6608** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6609** to be pinned.
6610**
6611** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6612** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6613** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6614** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6615** they can be safely discarded.
6616**
6617** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6618** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6619** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6620** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6621** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6622** functions.
6623**
6624** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6625** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6626** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6627** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6628** do their best.
6629*/
6630typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6631struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6632  int iVersion;
6633  void *pArg;
6634  int (*xInit)(void*);
6635  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6636  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6637  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6638  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6639  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6640  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6641  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6642      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6643  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6644  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6645  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6646};
6647
6648/*
6649** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6650** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6651** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6652*/
6653typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6654struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6655  void *pArg;
6656  int (*xInit)(void*);
6657  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6658  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6659  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6660  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6661  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6662  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6663  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6664  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6665  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6666};
6667
6668
6669/*
6670** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6671**
6672** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6673** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6674** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6675** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6676**
6677** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6678*/
6679typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6680
6681/*
6682** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6683**
6684** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6685** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6686** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6687**
6688** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6689**
6690** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6691** for the duration of the backup operation.
6692** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6693** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6694** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6695** preventing other database connections from
6696** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6697**
6698** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6699**   <ol>
6700**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6701**         backup,
6702**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6703**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6704**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6705**         associated with the backup operation.
6706**   </ol>)^
6707** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6708** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6709**
6710** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6711**
6712** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6713** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6714** and the database name, respectively.
6715** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6716** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6717** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6718** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6719** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6720** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6721** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6722** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6723** an error.
6724**
6725** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6726** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6727** destination [database connection] D.
6728** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6729** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6730** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6731** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6732** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6733** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6734** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6735** operation.
6736**
6737** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6738**
6739** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6740** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6741** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6742** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6743** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6744** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6745** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6746** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6747** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6748** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6749** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6750** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6751**
6752** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6753** <ol>
6754** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6755** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6756** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6757** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6758** destination and source page sizes differ.
6759** </ol>)^
6760**
6761** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6762** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6763** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6764** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6765** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6766** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6767** [database connection]
6768** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6769** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6770** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6771** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6772** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6773** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6774** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6775** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6776** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6777**
6778** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6779** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6780** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6781** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6782** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6783** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6784** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6785** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6786** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6787** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6788** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6789** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6790** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6791** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6792** updated at the same time.
6793**
6794** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6795**
6796** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6797** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6798** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6799** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6800** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6801** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6802** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6803** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6804** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6805**
6806** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6807** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6808** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6809** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6810** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6811** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6812**
6813** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6814** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6815** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6816**
6817** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6818** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6819**
6820** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6821** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6822** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6823** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6824** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6825**
6826** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6827** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6828** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6829** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6830** changing.
6831**
6832** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6833**
6834** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6835** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6836** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6837** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6838** from within other threads.
6839**
6840** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6841** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6842** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6843** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6844** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6845** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6846** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6847** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6848**
6849** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6850** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6851** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6852** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6853** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6854** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6855**
6856** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6857** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6858** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6859** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6860** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6861** possible that they return invalid values.
6862*/
6863sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6864  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6865  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6866  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6867  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6868);
6869int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6870int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6871int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6872int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6873
6874/*
6875** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6876**
6877** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6878** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6879** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6880** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6881** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6882** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6883** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6884** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6885**
6886** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6887**
6888** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6889** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6890**
6891** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6892** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6893** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6894** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6895** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6896** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6897** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6898** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6899** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6900** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6901**
6902** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6903** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6904** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6905** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6906** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6907**
6908** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6909** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6910** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6911** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6912**
6913** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6914** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6915** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6916** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6917** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6918** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6919** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6920** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6921**
6922** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6923** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6924** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6925**
6926** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6927** returns SQLITE_OK.
6928**
6929** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6930**
6931** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6932** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6933** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6934** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6935** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6936** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6937**
6938** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6939** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6940** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6941** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6942** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6943** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6944** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6945** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6946**
6947** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6948**
6949** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6950** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6951** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6952** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6953** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6954** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6955** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6956**
6957** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6958** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6959** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6960** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6961** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6962** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6963** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6964** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6965** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6966** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6967** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6968** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6969**
6970** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6971**
6972** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6973** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6974** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6975** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6976** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6977** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6978** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6979** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6980** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6981**
6982** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6983** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6984** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6985** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6986** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6987*/
6988int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6989  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6990  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6991  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6992);
6993
6994
6995/*
6996** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6997**
6998** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
6999** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7000** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7001** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7002*/
7003int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7004int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7005
7006/*
7007** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7008*
7009** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7010** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7011** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7012** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7013** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7014** sensitive.
7015**
7016** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7017** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7018*/
7019int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7020
7021/*
7022** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7023**
7024** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7025** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7026** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7027** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7028**
7029** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7030** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7031** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7032** is considered bad form.
7033**
7034** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7035**
7036** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7037** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7038** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7039** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7040** buffer.
7041*/
7042void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7043
7044/*
7045** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7046**
7047** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7048** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
7049** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
7050** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
7051**
7052** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7053** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
7054** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7055**
7056** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7057** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7058** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7059** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7060** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7061** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7062** including those that were just committed.
7063**
7064** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7065** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7066** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7067** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7068** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7069** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7070** are undefined.
7071**
7072** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7073** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7074** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7075** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7076** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7077** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7078*/
7079void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7080  sqlite3*,
7081  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7082  void*
7083);
7084
7085/*
7086** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7087**
7088** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7089** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7090** to automatically [checkpoint]
7091** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7092** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7093** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7094** checkpoints entirely.
7095**
7096** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7097** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7098** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7099** configured by this function.
7100**
7101** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7102** from SQL.
7103**
7104** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7105** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7106** pages.  The use of this interface
7107** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7108** for a particular application.
7109*/
7110int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7111
7112/*
7113** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7114**
7115** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
7116** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
7117** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
7118** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
7119** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
7120**
7121** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7122** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7123** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
7124** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
7125**
7126** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7127*/
7128int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7129
7130/*
7131** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7132**
7133** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
7134** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
7135** eMode parameter:
7136**
7137** <dl>
7138** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7139**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7140**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
7141**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
7142**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
7143**
7144** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7145**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
7146**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7147**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7148**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7149**   but not database readers.
7150**
7151** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7152**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
7153**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
7154**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
7155**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
7156**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7157**   but not database readers.
7158** </dl>
7159**
7160** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7161** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
7162** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
7163** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
7164** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
7165** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
7166** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
7167**
7168** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
7169** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7170** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
7171** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7172**
7173** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
7174** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
7175** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
7176** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
7177** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7178** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7179** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7180** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7181** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7182** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7183**
7184** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7185** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
7186** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
7187** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7188** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7189** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
7190** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7191** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
7192** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7193** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7194**
7195** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7196** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
7197** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7198** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7199*/
7200int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7201  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7202  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7203  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7204  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7205  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7206);
7207
7208/*
7209** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
7210**
7211** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
7212** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7213** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
7214** each of these values.
7215*/
7216#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
7217#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
7218#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
7219
7220/*
7221** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7222**
7223** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7224** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7225** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7226**
7227** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7228** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7229**
7230** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7231** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7232** may be added in the future.
7233*/
7234int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7235
7236/*
7237** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7238**
7239** These macros define the various options to the
7240** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7241** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7242**
7243** <dl>
7244** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7245** <dd>Calls of the form
7246** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7247** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7248** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7249** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7250** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7251** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7252** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7253** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7254**
7255** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7256** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7257** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7258** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7259** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7260** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7261** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7262** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7263** had been ABORT.
7264**
7265** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7266** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7267** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7268** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7269** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7270** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7271** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7272** constraint handling.
7273** </dl>
7274*/
7275#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7276
7277/*
7278** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7279**
7280** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7281** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7282** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7283** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7284** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7285** [virtual table].
7286*/
7287int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7288
7289/*
7290** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7291**
7292** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7293** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7294** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7295**
7296** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7297** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7298** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7299*/
7300#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7301/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7302#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7303/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7304#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7305
7306
7307
7308/*
7309** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7310** builds on processors without floating point support.
7311*/
7312#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7313# undef double
7314#endif
7315
7316#ifdef __cplusplus
7317}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7318#endif
7319#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7320