xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 9edb5ceb)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
58# define SQLITE_STDCALL
59#endif
60
61/*
62** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
63** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
64** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
65** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
66** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
67**
68** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
69** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
70** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
71** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
72** noop macros.
73*/
74#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
75#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
76
77/*
78** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
79*/
80#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
81# undef SQLITE_VERSION
82#endif
83#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
84# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
85#endif
86
87/*
88** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
89**
90** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
91** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
92** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
93** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
94** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
95** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
96** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
97** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
98** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
99** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
100** and Z will be reset to zero.
101**
102** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
103** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
104** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
105** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
106** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
107** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
108** hash of the entire source tree.
109**
110** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
111** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
112** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
113*/
114#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
115#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
116#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
117
118/*
119** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
120** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
121**
122** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
123** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
124** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
125** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
126** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
127** the header, and thus insure that the application is
128** compiled with matching library and header files.
129**
130** <blockquote><pre>
131** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
132** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
133** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
134** </pre></blockquote>)^
135**
136** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
137** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
138** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
139** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
140** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
141** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
142** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
143** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
144** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
145**
146** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
147*/
148SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
149const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
150const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
151int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
152
153/*
154** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
155**
156** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
157** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
158** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
159** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
160**
161** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
162** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
163** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
164** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
165** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
166** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
167**
168** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
169** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
170** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
171**
172** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
173** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
174*/
175#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
176int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
177const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
178#endif
179
180/*
181** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
182**
183** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
184** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
185** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
186**
187** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
188** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
189** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
190** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
191** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
192** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
193**
194** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
195** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
196** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
197** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
198**
199** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
200** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
201** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
202**
203** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
204** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
205** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
206** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
207** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
208** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
209** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
210** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
211** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
212** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
213**
214** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
215*/
216int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
217
218/*
219** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
220** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
221**
222** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
223** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
224** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
225** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
226** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
227** interfaces (such as
228** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
229** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
230** sqlite3 object.
231*/
232typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
233
234/*
235** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
236** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
237**
238** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
239** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
240**
241** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
242** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
243** compatibility only.
244**
245** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
246** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
247** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
248** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
249*/
250#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
251  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
252  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
253#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
254  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
255  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
256#else
257  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
258  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
259#endif
260typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
261typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
262
263/*
264** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
265** substitute integer for floating-point.
266*/
267#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
268# define double sqlite3_int64
269#endif
270
271/*
272** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
273** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
274**
275** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
276** for the [sqlite3] object.
277** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
278** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
279** resources are deallocated.
280**
281** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
282** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
283** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
284** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
285** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
286** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
287** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
288** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
289** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
290** destructors are called is arbitrary.
291**
292** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
293** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
294** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
295** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
296** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
297** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
298** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
299** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
300** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
301**
302** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
303** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
304**
305** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
306** must be either a NULL
307** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
308** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
309** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
310** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
311** argument is a harmless no-op.
312*/
313int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
314int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
315
316/*
317** The type for a callback function.
318** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
319** compatibility and is not documented.
320*/
321typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
322
323/*
324** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
325** METHOD: sqlite3
326**
327** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
328** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
329** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
330** without having to use a lot of C code.
331**
332** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
333** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
334** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
335** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
336** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
337** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
338** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
339** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
340** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
341** ignored.
342**
343** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
344** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
345** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
346** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
347** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
348** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
349** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
350** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
351** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
352** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
353** NULL before returning.
354**
355** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
356** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
357** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
358**
359** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
360** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
361** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
362** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
363** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
364** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
365** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
366** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
367** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
368**
369** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
370** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
371** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
372** is not changed.
373**
374** Restrictions:
375**
376** <ul>
377** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
378**      is a valid and open [database connection].
379** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
380**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
381** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
382**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
383** </ul>
384*/
385int sqlite3_exec(
386  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
387  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
388  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
389  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
390  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
391);
392
393/*
394** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
395** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
396**
397** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
398** here in order to indicate success or failure.
399**
400** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
401**
402** See also: [extended result code definitions]
403*/
404#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
405/* beginning-of-error-codes */
406#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
407#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
408#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
409#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
410#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
411#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
412#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
413#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
414#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
415#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
416#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
417#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
418#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
419#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
420#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
421#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
422#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
423#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
424#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
425#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
426#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
427#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
428#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
429#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
430#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
431#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
432#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
433#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
434#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
435#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
436/* end-of-error-codes */
437
438/*
439** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
440** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
441**
442** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
443** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
444** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
445** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
446** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
447** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
448** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
449** on a per database connection basis using the
450** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
451** the most recent error can be obtained using
452** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
453*/
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
474#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
480#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
481#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
482#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
483#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
484#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
485#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
486#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
487#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
488#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
489#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
490#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
491#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
492#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
493#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
494#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
495#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
496#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
497#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
498#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
499#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
500#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
501#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
502#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
503#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
504#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
505#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
506#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
507
508/*
509** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
510**
511** These bit values are intended for use in the
512** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
513** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
514*/
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
523#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
524#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
525#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
526#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
527#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
528#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
529#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
530#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
531#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
532#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
533#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
534#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
535
536/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
537
538/*
539** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
540**
541** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
542** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
543** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
544** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
545** refers to.
546**
547** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
548** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
549** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
550** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
551** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
552** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
553** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
554** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
555** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
556** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
557** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
558** file that were written at the application level might have changed
559** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
560** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
561** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
562** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
563** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
564** elevated privileges.
565*/
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
568#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
569#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
570#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
571#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
572#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
573#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
574#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
575#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
576#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
577#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
578#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
579#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
580
581/*
582** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
583**
584** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
585** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
586** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
587*/
588#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
589#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
590#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
591#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
592#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
593
594/*
595** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
596**
597** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
598** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
599** these integer values as the second argument.
600**
601** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
602** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
603** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
604** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
605** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
606** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
607**
608** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
609** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
610** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
611** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
612** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
613** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
614** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
615** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
616** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
617** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
618** cares about the difference.)
619*/
620#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
621#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
622#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
623
624/*
625** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
626**
627** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
628** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
629** implementations will
630** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
631** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
632** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
633** I/O operations on the open file.
634*/
635typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
636struct sqlite3_file {
637  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
638};
639
640/*
641** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
642**
643** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
644** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
645** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
646** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
647** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
648**
649** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
650** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
651** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
652** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
653** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
654** to NULL.
655**
656** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
657** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
658** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
659** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
660** and not its inode needs to be synced.
661**
662** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
663** <ul>
664** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
665** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
666** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
667** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
668** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
669** </ul>
670** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
671** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
672** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
673** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
674** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
675**
676** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
677** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
678** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
679** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
680** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
681** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
682** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
683** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
684** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
685** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
686** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
687** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
688** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
689** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
690** recognize.
691**
692** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
693** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
694** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
695** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
696** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
697** underlying device:
698**
699** <ul>
700** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
701** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
702** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
703** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
704** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
705** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
706** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
707** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
708** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
709** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
710** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
711** </ul>
712**
713** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
714** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
715** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
716** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
717** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
718** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
719** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
720** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
721** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
722** to xWrite().
723**
724** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
725** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
726** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
727** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
728** database corruption.
729*/
730typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
731struct sqlite3_io_methods {
732  int iVersion;
733  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
734  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
735  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
736  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
737  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
738  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
739  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
740  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
741  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
742  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
743  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
744  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
745  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
746  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
747  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
748  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
749  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
750  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
751  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
752  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
753  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
754  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
755};
756
757/*
758** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
759** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
760**
761** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
762** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
763** interface.
764**
765** <ul>
766** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
767** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
768** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
769** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
770** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
771** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
772** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
773** compile-time option is used.
774**
775** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
776** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
777** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
778** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
779** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
780** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
781** file run faster.
782**
783** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
784** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
785** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
786** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
787** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
788** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
789** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
790** improve performance on some systems.
791**
792** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
793** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
794** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
795** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
796** additional information.
797**
798** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
799** No longer in use.
800**
801** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
802** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
803** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
804** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
805** because the user has configured SQLite with
806** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
807** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
808** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
809** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
810** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
811** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
812** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
813** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
814**
815** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
816** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
817** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
818** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
819** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
820** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
821** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
822**
823** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
824** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
825** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
826** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
827** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
828** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
829** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
830** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
831** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
832** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
833** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
834** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
835** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
836** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
837** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
838** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
839**
840** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
841** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
842** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
843** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
844** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
845** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
846** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
847** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
848** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
849** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
850** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
851** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
852** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
853** WAL persistence setting.
854**
855** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
856** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
857** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
858** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
859** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
860** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
861** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
862** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
863** zero-damage mode setting.
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
866** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
867** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
868** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
869** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
870**
871** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
872** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
873** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
874** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
875** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
876** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
877** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
878** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
879** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
880** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
881** is intended for diagnostic use only.
882**
883** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
884** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
885** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
886** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
887** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
888** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
889** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
890** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
891** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
892** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
893** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
894** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
895** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
896** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
897** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
898** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
899** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
900** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
901** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
902** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
903** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
904** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
905** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
906** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
907**
908** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
909** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
910** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
911** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
912** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
913** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
914** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
915** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
916** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
917** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
918** current operation.
919**
920** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
921** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
922** to have SQLite generate a
923** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
924** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
925** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
926** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
927** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
928**
929** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
930** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
931** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
932** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
933** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
934** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
935** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
936** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
937** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
938**
939** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
940** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
941** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
942** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
943** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
944** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
945** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
946**
947** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
948** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
949** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
950** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
951** was first opened.
952**
953** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
954** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
955** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
956** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
957** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
958**
959** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
960** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
961** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
962** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
963** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
964** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
965**
966** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
967** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
968** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
969**
970** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OTA]]
971** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OTA] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
972** the OTA extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
973** this opcode.
974** </ul>
975*/
976#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
977#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
978#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
979#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
980#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
981#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
982#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
983#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
984#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
985#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
986#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
987#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
988#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
989#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
990#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
991#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
992#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
993#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
994#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
995#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
996#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
997#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
998#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
999#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1000#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OTA                    26
1001
1002/* deprecated names */
1003#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1004#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1005#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1006
1007
1008/*
1009** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1010**
1011** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1012** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1013** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1014** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1015**
1016** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1017*/
1018typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1019
1020/*
1021** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1022**
1023** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1024** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1025** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1026** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1027**
1028** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1029** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1030** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1031** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1032** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1033** modified.
1034**
1035** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1036** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1037** a pathname in this VFS.
1038**
1039** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1040** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1041** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1042** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1043** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1044** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1045**
1046** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1047** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1048** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1049** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1050** object once the object has been registered.
1051**
1052** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1053** be unique across all VFS modules.
1054**
1055** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1056** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1057** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1058** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1059** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1060** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1061** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1062** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1063** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1064** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1065** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1066** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1067** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1068** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1069** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1070** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1071**
1072** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1073** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1074** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1075** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1076** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1077** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1078**
1079** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1080** call, depending on the object being opened:
1081**
1082** <ul>
1083** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1084** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1085** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1086** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1087** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1088** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1089** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1090** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1091** </ul>)^
1092**
1093** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1094** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1095** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1096** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1097** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1098** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1099** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1100** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1101**
1102** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1103**
1104** <ul>
1105** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1106** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1107** </ul>
1108**
1109** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1110** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1111** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1112** databases, and subjournals.
1113**
1114** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1115** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1116** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1117** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1118** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1119** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1120** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1121** for exclusive access.
1122**
1123** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1124** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1125** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1126** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1127** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1128** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1129** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1130** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1131** or failure of the xOpen call.
1132**
1133** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1134** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1135** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1136** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1137** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1138** directory.
1139**
1140** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1141** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1142** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1143** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1144** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1145** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1146**
1147** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1148** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1149** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1150** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1151** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1152** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1153** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1154** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1155** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1156** a floating point value.
1157** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1158** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1159** a 24-hour day).
1160** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1161** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1162** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1163** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1164**
1165** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1166** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1167** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1168** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1169** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1170** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1171** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1172** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1173** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1174** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1175** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1176*/
1177typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1178typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1179struct sqlite3_vfs {
1180  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1181  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1182  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1183  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1184  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1185  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1186  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1187               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1188  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1189  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1190  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1191  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1192  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1193  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1194  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1195  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1196  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1197  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1198  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1199  /*
1200  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1201  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1202  */
1203  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1204  /*
1205  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1206  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1207  */
1208  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1209  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1210  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1211  /*
1212  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1213  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1214  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1215  */
1216};
1217
1218/*
1219** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1220**
1221** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1222** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1223** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1224** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1225** simply checks whether the file exists.
1226** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1227** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1228** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1229** the directory).
1230** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1231** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1232** release of SQLite.
1233** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1234** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1235** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1236** SQLite.
1237*/
1238#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1239#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1240#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1241
1242/*
1243** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1244**
1245** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1246** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1247** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1248** xShmLock method:
1249**
1250** <ul>
1251** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1252** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1253** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1254** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1255** </ul>
1256**
1257** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1258** was given on the corresponding lock.
1259**
1260** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1261** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1262** and EXCLUSIVE.
1263*/
1264#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1265#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1266#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1267#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1268
1269/*
1270** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1271**
1272** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1273** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1274** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1275** lock outside of this range
1276*/
1277#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1278
1279
1280/*
1281** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1282**
1283** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1284** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1285** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1286** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1287** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1288** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1289**
1290** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1291** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1292** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1293** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1294** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1295** are harmless no-ops.)^
1296**
1297** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1298** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1299** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1300** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1301**
1302** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1303** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1304** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1305** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1306** sqlite3_shutdown().
1307**
1308** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1309** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1310** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1311**
1312** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1313** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1314** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1315** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1316**
1317** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1318** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1319** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1320** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1321** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1322** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1323** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1324** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1325** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1326** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1327** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1328** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1329** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1330** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1331**
1332** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1333** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1334** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1335** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1336** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1337** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1338** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1339**
1340** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1341** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1342** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1343** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1344** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1345** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1346** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1347** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1348** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1349** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1350** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1351** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1352** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1353** failure.
1354*/
1355int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1356int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1357int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1358int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1359
1360/*
1361** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1362**
1363** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1364** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1365** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1366** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1367** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1368**
1369** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1370** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1371** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1372** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1373** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1374** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1375** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1376** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1377** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1378**
1379** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1380** [configuration option] that determines
1381** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1382** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1383** in the first argument.
1384**
1385** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1386** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1387** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1388*/
1389int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1390
1391/*
1392** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1393** METHOD: sqlite3
1394**
1395** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1396** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1397** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1398** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1399**
1400** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1401** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1402** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1403** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1404**
1405** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1406** the call is considered successful.
1407*/
1408int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1409
1410/*
1411** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1412**
1413** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1414** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1415**
1416** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1417** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1418** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1419** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1420** By creating an instance of this object
1421** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1422** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1423** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1424** dynamic memory needs.
1425**
1426** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1427** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1428** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1429** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1430** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1431** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1432** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1433** conditions.
1434**
1435** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1436** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1437** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1438** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1439**
1440** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1441** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1442** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1443**
1444** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1445** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1446** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1447** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1448** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1449** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1450** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1451**
1452** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1453** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1454** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1455** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1456** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1457** xInit and xShutdown.
1458**
1459** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1460** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1461** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1462** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1463** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1464** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1465** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1466** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1467** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1468** serialization.
1469**
1470** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1471** call to xShutdown().
1472*/
1473typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1474struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1475  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1476  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1477  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1478  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1479  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1480  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1481  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1482  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1483};
1484
1485/*
1486** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1487** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1488**
1489** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1490** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1491**
1492** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1493** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1494** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1495** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1496** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1497** is invoked.
1498**
1499** <dl>
1500** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1501** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1502** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1503** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1504** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1505** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1506** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1507** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1508** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1509** configuration option.</dd>
1510**
1511** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1512** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1513** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1514** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1515** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1516** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1517** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1518** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1519** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1520** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1521** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1522** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1523** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1524**
1525** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1526** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1527** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1528** all mutexes including the recursive
1529** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1530** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1531** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1532** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1533** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1534** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1535** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1536** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1537** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1538** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1539** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1540**
1541** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1542** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1543** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1544** The argument specifies
1545** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1546** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1547** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1548** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1549**
1550** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1551** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1552** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1553** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1554** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1555** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1556** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1557** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1558**
1559** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1560** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1561** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1562** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1563** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1564**   <ul>
1565**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1566**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1567**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1568**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1569**   </ul>)^
1570** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1571** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1572** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1573** </dd>
1574**
1575** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1576** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1577** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1578** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1579** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1580** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1581** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1582** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1583** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1584** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1585** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1586** times the database page size.
1587** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1588** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1589** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1590** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1591** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1592** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1593** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1594** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1595** </dd>
1596**
1597** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1598** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a static memory buffer
1599** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1600** cache implementation.
1601** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1602** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]
1603** configuration option.
1604** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1605** 8-byte aligned
1606** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1607** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1608** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1609** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1610** can be determined using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ] option
1611** to [sqlite3_config()].
1612** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1613** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The first
1614** argument should pointer to an 8-byte aligned block of memory that
1615** is at least sz*N bytes of memory, otherwise subsequent behavior is
1616** undefined.
1617** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1618** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1619** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1620** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
1621**
1622** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1623** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1624** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1625** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1626** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1627** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1628** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1629** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1630** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1631** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1632** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1633** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1634** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1635** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1636** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1637** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1638** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1639** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1640** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1641** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1642**
1643** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1644** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1645** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1646** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1647** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1648** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1649** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1650** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1651** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1652** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1653** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1654**
1655** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1656** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1657** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1658** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1659** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1660** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1661** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1662** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1663** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1664** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1665** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1666** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1667**
1668** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1669** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1670** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1671** The first argument is the
1672** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1673** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1674** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1675** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1676** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1677**
1678** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1679** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1680** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1681** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1682** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1683**
1684** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1685** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1686** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1687** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1688**
1689** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1690** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1691** global [error log].
1692** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1693** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1694** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1695** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1696** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1697** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1698** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1699** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1700** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1701** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1702** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1703** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1704** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1705** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1706** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1707** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1708**
1709** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1710** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1711** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1712** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1713** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1714** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1715** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1716** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1717** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1718** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1719** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1720** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1721** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1722**
1723** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1724** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1725** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1726** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1727** ^The default setting is determined
1728** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1729** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1730** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1731** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1732** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1733** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1734** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1735**
1736** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1737** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1738** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1739** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1740** </dd>
1741**
1742** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1743** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1744** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1745** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1746** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1747** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1748** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1749** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1750** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1751** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1752** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1753** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1754** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1755** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1756** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1757** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1758**
1759** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1760** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1761** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1762** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1763** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1764** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1765** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1766** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1767** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1768** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1769** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1770** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1771** changed to its compile-time default.
1772**
1773** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1774** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1775** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1776** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1777** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1778** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1779**
1780** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1781** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1782** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1783** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1784** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1785** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1786** target platform, and SQLite version.
1787**
1788** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1789** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1790** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1791** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1792** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1793** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1794** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1795** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1796** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1797** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1798** </dl>
1799*/
1800#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1801#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1802#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1803#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1804#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1805#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1806#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1807#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1808#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1809#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1810#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1811/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1812#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1813#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1814#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1815#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1816#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1817#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1818#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1819#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1820#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1821#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1822#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1823#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1824#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1825
1826/*
1827** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1828**
1829** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1830** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1831**
1832** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1833** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1834** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1835** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1836** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1837** is invoked.
1838**
1839** <dl>
1840** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1841** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1842** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1843** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1844** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1845** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1846** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1847** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1848** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1849** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1850** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1851** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1852** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1853** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1854** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1855** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1856** when the "current value" returned by
1857** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1858** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1859** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1860** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1861**
1862** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1863** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1864** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1865** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1866** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1867** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1868** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1869** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1870** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1871**
1872** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1873** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1874** There should be two additional arguments.
1875** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1876** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1877** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1878** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1879** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1880** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1881**
1882** </dl>
1883*/
1884#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1885#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1886#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1887
1888
1889/*
1890** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1891** METHOD: sqlite3
1892**
1893** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1894** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1895** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1896*/
1897int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1898
1899/*
1900** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1901** METHOD: sqlite3
1902**
1903** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1904** has a unique 64-bit signed
1905** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1906** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1907** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1908** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1909** is another alias for the rowid.
1910**
1911** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1912** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1913** on database connection D.
1914** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1915** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1916** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1917** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1918**
1919** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1920** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1921** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1922** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1923** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1924** table method began.)^
1925**
1926** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1927** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1928** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1929** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1930** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1931** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1932** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1933** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1934** the return value of this interface.)^
1935**
1936** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1937** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1938**
1939** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1940** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1941**
1942** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1943** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1944** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1945** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1946** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1947** last insert [rowid].
1948*/
1949sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1950
1951/*
1952** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1953** METHOD: sqlite3
1954**
1955** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
1956** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
1957** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
1958** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
1959** returned by this function.
1960**
1961** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
1962** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
1963** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
1964**
1965** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
1966** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
1967** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
1968** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
1969** tables are counted.
1970**
1971** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
1972** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
1973** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
1974** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
1975**
1976** <ul>
1977**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
1978**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
1979**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
1980**
1981**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
1982**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
1983**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
1984**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
1985**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
1986** </ul>
1987**
1988** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
1989** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
1990** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
1991** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
1992** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
1993** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
1994**
1995** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1996** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1997**
1998** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1999** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2000** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2001*/
2002int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2003
2004/*
2005** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2006** METHOD: sqlite3
2007**
2008** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2009** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2010** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2011** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2012** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2013**
2014** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2015** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2016** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2017** are not counted.
2018**
2019** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2020** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2021**
2022** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2023** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2024** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2025*/
2026int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2027
2028/*
2029** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2030** METHOD: sqlite3
2031**
2032** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2033** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2034** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2035** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2036** immediately.
2037**
2038** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2039** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2040** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2041** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2042**
2043** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2044** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2045** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2046**
2047** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2048** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2049** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2050** will be rolled back automatically.
2051**
2052** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2053** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2054** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2055** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2056** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2057** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2058** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2059** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2060** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2061** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2062**
2063** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2064** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2065*/
2066void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2067
2068/*
2069** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2070**
2071** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2072** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2073** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2074** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2075** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2076** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2077** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2078** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2079** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2080** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2081** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2082**
2083** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2084** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2085**
2086** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2087** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2088**
2089** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2090** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2091** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2092** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2093** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2094**
2095** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2096** UTF-8 string.
2097**
2098** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2099** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2100*/
2101int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2102int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2103
2104/*
2105** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2106** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2107** METHOD: sqlite3
2108**
2109** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2110** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2111** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2112** [database connection] D when another thread
2113** or process has the table locked.
2114** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2115** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2116**
2117** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2118** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2119** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2120**
2121** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2122** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2123** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2124** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2125** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2126** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2127** to the application.
2128** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2129** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2130**
2131** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2132** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2133** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2134** to the application instead of invoking the
2135** busy handler.
2136** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2137** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2138** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2139** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2140** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2141** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2142** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2143** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2144** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2145** the second process to proceed.
2146**
2147** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2148**
2149** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2150** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2151** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2152** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2153** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2154**
2155** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2156** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2157** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2158** result in undefined behavior.
2159**
2160** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2161** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2162*/
2163int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2164
2165/*
2166** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2167** METHOD: sqlite3
2168**
2169** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2170** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2171** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2172** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2173** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2174** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2175**
2176** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2177** turns off all busy handlers.
2178**
2179** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2180** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2181** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2182** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2183**
2184** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2185*/
2186int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2187
2188/*
2189** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2190** METHOD: sqlite3
2191**
2192** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2193** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2194**
2195** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2196** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2197** complete query results from one or more queries.
2198**
2199** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2200** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2201** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2202** and M be the number of columns.
2203**
2204** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2205** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2206** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2207** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2208** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2209** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2210**
2211** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2212** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2213** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2214**
2215** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2216** is as follows:
2217**
2218** <blockquote><pre>
2219**        Name        | Age
2220**        -----------------------
2221**        Alice       | 43
2222**        Bob         | 28
2223**        Cindy       | 21
2224** </pre></blockquote>
2225**
2226** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2227** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2228** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2229**
2230** <blockquote><pre>
2231**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2232**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2233**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2234**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2235**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2236**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2237**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2238**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2239** </pre></blockquote>)^
2240**
2241** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2242** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2243** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2244** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2245**
2246** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2247** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2248** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2249** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2250** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2251** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2252**
2253** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2254** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2255** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2256** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2257** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2258** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2259** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2260*/
2261int sqlite3_get_table(
2262  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2263  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2264  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2265  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2266  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2267  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2268);
2269void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2270
2271/*
2272** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2273**
2274** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2275** from the standard C library.
2276** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2277** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2278** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2279** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2280**
2281** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2282** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2283** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2284** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2285** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2286** memory to hold the resulting string.
2287**
2288** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2289** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2290** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2291** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2292** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2293** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2294** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2295** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2296** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2297** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2298** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2299** now without breaking compatibility.
2300**
2301** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2302** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2303** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2304** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2305** written will be n-1 characters.
2306**
2307** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2308**
2309** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2310** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2311** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2312** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2313**
2314** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2315** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2316** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2317** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2318** the string.
2319**
2320** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2321**
2322** <blockquote><pre>
2323**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2324** </pre></blockquote>
2325**
2326** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2327**
2328** <blockquote><pre>
2329**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2330**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2331**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2332** </pre></blockquote>
2333**
2334** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2335** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2336**
2337** <blockquote><pre>
2338**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2339** </pre></blockquote>
2340**
2341** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2342** would have looked like this:
2343**
2344** <blockquote><pre>
2345**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2346** </pre></blockquote>
2347**
2348** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2349** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2350**
2351** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2352** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2353** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2354** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2355**
2356** <blockquote><pre>
2357**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2358**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2359**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2360** </pre></blockquote>
2361**
2362** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2363** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2364**
2365** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2366** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2367** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2368** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2369** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2370**
2371** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2372** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2373** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2374*/
2375char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2376char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2377char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2378char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2379
2380/*
2381** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2382**
2383** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2384** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2385** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2386** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2387**
2388** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2389** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2390** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2391** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2392** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2393** a NULL pointer.
2394**
2395** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2396** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2397** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2398**
2399** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2400** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2401** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2402** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2403** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2404** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2405** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2406** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2407** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2408** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2409**
2410** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2411** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2412** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2413** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2414** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2415** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2416** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2417** sqlite3_free(X).
2418** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2419** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2420** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2421** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2422** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2423** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2424** prior allocation is not freed.
2425**
2426** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2427** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2428** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2429**
2430** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2431** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2432** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2433** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2434** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2435** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2436** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2437** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2438** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2439**
2440** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2441** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2442** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2443** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2444** option is used.
2445**
2446** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2447** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2448** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2449** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2450**
2451** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2452** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2453** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2454** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2455** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2456** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2457** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2458**
2459** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2460** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2461** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2462** not yet been released.
2463**
2464** The application must not read or write any part of
2465** a block of memory after it has been released using
2466** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2467*/
2468void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2469void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2470void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2471void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2472void sqlite3_free(void*);
2473sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2474
2475/*
2476** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2477**
2478** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2479** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2480** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2481**
2482** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2483** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2484** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2485** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2486** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2487** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2488** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2489** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2490** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2491**
2492** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2493** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2494** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2495** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2496** prior to the reset.
2497*/
2498sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2499sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2500
2501/*
2502** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2503**
2504** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2505** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2506** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2507** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2508** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2509**
2510** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2511** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2512**
2513** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2514** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2515** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2516** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2517** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2518** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2519** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2520** method.
2521*/
2522void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2523
2524/*
2525** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2526** METHOD: sqlite3
2527**
2528** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2529** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2530** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2531** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2532** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2533** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2534** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2535** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2536** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2537** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2538** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2539** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2540** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2541** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2542** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2543**
2544** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2545** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2546** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2547** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2548** access is denied.
2549**
2550** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2551** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2552** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2553** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2554** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2555** details about the action to be authorized.
2556**
2557** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2558** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2559** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2560** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2561** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2562** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2563** columns of a table.
2564** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2565** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2566** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2567**
2568** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2569** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2570** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2571** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2572** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2573** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2574** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2575** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2576** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2577** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2578**
2579** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2580** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2581** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2582** in addition to using an authorizer.
2583**
2584** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2585** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2586** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2587** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2588**
2589** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2590** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2591** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2592** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2593**
2594** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2595** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2596** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2597** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2598**
2599** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2600** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2601** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2602** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2603** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2604*/
2605int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2606  sqlite3*,
2607  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2608  void *pUserData
2609);
2610
2611/*
2612** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2613**
2614** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2615** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2616** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2617** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2618** information.
2619**
2620** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2621** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2622*/
2623#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2624#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2625
2626/*
2627** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2628**
2629** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2630** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2631** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2632** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2633** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2634**
2635** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2636** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2637** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2638** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2639** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2640** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2641** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2642** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2643** top-level SQL code.
2644*/
2645/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2646#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2647#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2648#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2649#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2650#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2651#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2652#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2653#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2654#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2655#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2656#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2657#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2658#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2659#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2660#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2661#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2662#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2663#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2664#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2665#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2666#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2667#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2668#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2669#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2670#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2671#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2672#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2673#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2674#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2675#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2676#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2677#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2678#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2679#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2680
2681/*
2682** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2683** METHOD: sqlite3
2684**
2685** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2686** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2687**
2688** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2689** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2690** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2691** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2692** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2693** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2694** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2695**
2696** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2697** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2698**
2699** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2700** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2701** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2702** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2703** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2704** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2705** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2706** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2707** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2708** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2709*/
2710void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2711SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2712   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2713
2714/*
2715** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2716** METHOD: sqlite3
2717**
2718** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2719** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2720** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2721** database connection D.  An example use for this
2722** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2723**
2724** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2725** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2726** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2727** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2728** handler is disabled.
2729**
2730** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2731** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2732** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2733** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2734** than 1.
2735**
2736** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2737** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2738** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2739**
2740** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2741** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2742** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2743** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2744**
2745*/
2746void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2747
2748/*
2749** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2750** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
2751**
2752** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2753** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2754** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2755** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2756** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2757** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2758** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2759** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2760** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2761** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2762** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2763** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2764**
2765** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2766** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2767** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2768**
2769** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2770** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2771** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2772**
2773** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2774** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2775** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2776** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2777** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2778** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2779** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2780**
2781** <dl>
2782** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2783** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2784** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2785**
2786** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2787** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2788** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2789** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2790**
2791** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2792** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2793** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2794** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2795** </dl>
2796**
2797** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2798** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2799** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2800** then the behavior is undefined.
2801**
2802** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2803** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2804** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2805** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2806** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2807** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2808** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2809** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2810** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2811** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2812** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2813**
2814** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2815** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2816** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2817** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2818**
2819** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2820** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2821** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2822** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2823** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2824** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2825** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2826**
2827** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2828** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2829** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2830**
2831** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2832**
2833** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2834** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2835** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2836** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2837** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2838** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2839** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2840** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2841** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2842** information.
2843**
2844** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2845** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2846** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2847** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2848** present, is ignored.
2849**
2850** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2851** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2852** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2853** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2854** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2855** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2856** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2857**
2858** [[core URI query parameters]]
2859** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2860** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2861** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2862** following query parameters:
2863**
2864** <ul>
2865**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2866**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2867**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2868**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2869**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2870**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2871**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2872**
2873**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2874**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2875**     an error)^.
2876**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2877**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2878**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2879**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2880**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2881**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2882**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2883**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2884**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2885**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2886**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2887**
2888**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2889**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2890**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2891**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2892**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2893**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2894**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2895**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2896**
2897**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2898**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2899**     storage media on which the database file resides.
2900**
2901**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2902**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2903**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2904**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2905**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2906**     processes uses nolock=1.
2907**
2908**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2909**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2910**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2911**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2912**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2913**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2914**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2915**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2916**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2917**
2918** </ul>
2919**
2920** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2921** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2922** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2923** additional information.
2924**
2925** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2926**
2927** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2928** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2929** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2930**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2931** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2932**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2933**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2934**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2935** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2936**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2937** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2938**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2939**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2940**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2941**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2942**          in URI filenames.
2943** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2944**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2945**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2946**          default, use a private cache.
2947** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2948**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2949**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2950** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2951**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2952** </table>
2953**
2954** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2955** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2956** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2957** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2958** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2959** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2960** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2961** the results are undefined.
2962**
2963** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2964** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2965** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2966** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2967** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2968**
2969** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2970** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2971** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2972**
2973** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2974*/
2975int sqlite3_open(
2976  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2977  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2978);
2979int sqlite3_open16(
2980  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2981  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2982);
2983int sqlite3_open_v2(
2984  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2985  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2986  int flags,              /* Flags */
2987  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2988);
2989
2990/*
2991** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2992**
2993** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2994** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2995** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2996**
2997** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2998** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2999** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3000** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3001** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3002** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3003** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3004** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3005** a pointer to an empty string.
3006**
3007** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3008** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3009** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3010** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3011** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3012** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3013** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3014** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3015** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3016** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3017**
3018** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3019** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3020** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3021** zero is returned.
3022**
3023** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3024** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3025** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3026** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3027** undesirable.
3028*/
3029const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3030int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3031sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3032
3033
3034/*
3035** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3036** METHOD: sqlite3
3037**
3038** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3039** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3040** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3041** API call.
3042** If the most recent API call was successful,
3043** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3044** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3045** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3046** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3047** disabled.
3048**
3049** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3050** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3051** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3052** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3053** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3054** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3055**
3056** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3057** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3058** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3059** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3060**
3061** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3062** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3063** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3064** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3065** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3066** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3067** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3068** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3069** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3070**
3071** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3072** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3073** error code and message may or may not be set.
3074*/
3075int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3076int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3077const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3078const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3079const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3080
3081/*
3082** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3083** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3084**
3085** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3086** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3087**
3088** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3089** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3090** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3091** prepared statement before it can be run.
3092**
3093** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3094**
3095** <ol>
3096** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3097** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3098**      interfaces.
3099** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3100** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3101**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3102** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3103** </ol>
3104*/
3105typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3106
3107/*
3108** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3109** METHOD: sqlite3
3110**
3111** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3112** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3113** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3114** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3115** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3116** new limit for that construct.)^
3117**
3118** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3119** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3120** [limits | hard upper bound]
3121** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3122** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3123** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3124** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3125** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3126**
3127** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3128** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3129** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3130** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3131**
3132** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3133** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3134** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3135** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3136** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3137** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3138** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3139** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3140** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3141** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3142** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3143** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3144**
3145** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3146*/
3147int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3148
3149/*
3150** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3151** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3152**
3153** These constants define various performance limits
3154** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3155** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3156** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3157**
3158** <dl>
3159** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3160** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3161**
3162** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3163** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3164**
3165** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3166** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3167** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3168** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3169**
3170** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3171** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3172**
3173** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3174** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3175**
3176** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3177** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3178** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3179** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3180** SQLite.</dd>)^
3181**
3182** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3183** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3184**
3185** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3186** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3187**
3188** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3189** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3190** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3191** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3192**
3193** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3194** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3195** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3196**
3197** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3198** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3199**
3200** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3201** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3202** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3203** </dl>
3204*/
3205#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3206#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3207#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3208#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3209#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3210#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3211#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3212#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3213#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3214#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3215#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3216#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3217
3218/*
3219** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3220** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3221** METHOD: sqlite3
3222** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3223**
3224** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3225** program using one of these routines.
3226**
3227** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3228** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3229** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3230**
3231** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3232** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3233** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3234** use UTF-16.
3235**
3236** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3237** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3238** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3239** statement is generated.
3240** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3241** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3242** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3243** the nul-terminator.
3244**
3245** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3246** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3247** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3248** what remains uncompiled.
3249**
3250** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3251** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3252** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3253** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3254** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3255** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3256** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3257**
3258** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3259** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3260**
3261** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3262** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3263** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3264** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3265** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3266** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3267** behave differently in three ways:
3268**
3269** <ol>
3270** <li>
3271** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3272** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3273** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3274** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3275** </li>
3276**
3277** <li>
3278** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3279** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3280** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3281** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3282** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3283** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3284** </li>
3285**
3286** <li>
3287** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3288** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3289** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3290** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3291** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3292** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3293** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3294** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3295** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3296** </li>
3297** </ol>
3298*/
3299int sqlite3_prepare(
3300  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3301  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3302  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3303  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3304  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3305);
3306int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3307  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3308  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3309  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3310  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3311  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3312);
3313int sqlite3_prepare16(
3314  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3315  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3316  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3317  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3318  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3319);
3320int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3321  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3322  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3323  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3324  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3325  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3326);
3327
3328/*
3329** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3330** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3331**
3332** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3333** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3334** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3335*/
3336const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3337
3338/*
3339** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3340** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3341**
3342** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3343** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3344** the content of the database file.
3345**
3346** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3347** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3348** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3349** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3350** change the database file through side-effects:
3351**
3352** <blockquote><pre>
3353**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3354** </pre></blockquote>
3355**
3356** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3357** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3358**
3359** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3360** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3361** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3362** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3363** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3364** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3365** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3366** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3367*/
3368int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3369
3370/*
3371** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3372** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3373**
3374** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3375** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3376** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3377** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3378** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3379** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3380** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3381**
3382** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3383** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3384** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3385** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3386** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3387*/
3388int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3389
3390/*
3391** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3392** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3393**
3394** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3395** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3396** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3397** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3398**
3399** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3400** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3401** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3402** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3403** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3404** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3405** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3406**
3407** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3408** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3409** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3410** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3411** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3412** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3413** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3414** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3415** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3416** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3417** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3418** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3419**
3420** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3421** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3422** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3423** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3424** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3425** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3426** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3427** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3428*/
3429typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3430
3431/*
3432** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3433**
3434** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3435** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3436** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3437** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3438** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3439** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3440** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3441** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3442*/
3443typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3444
3445/*
3446** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3447** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3448** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3449** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3450**
3451** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3452** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3453** templates:
3454**
3455** <ul>
3456** <li>  ?
3457** <li>  ?NNN
3458** <li>  :VVV
3459** <li>  @VVV
3460** <li>  $VVV
3461** </ul>
3462**
3463** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3464** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3465** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3466** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3467**
3468** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3469** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3470** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3471**
3472** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3473** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3474** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3475** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3476** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3477** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3478** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3479** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3480** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3481**
3482** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3483** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3484** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3485** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3486**
3487** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3488** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3489** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3490** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3491** is negative, then the length of the string is
3492** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3493** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3494** the behavior is undefined.
3495** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3496** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3497** that parameter must be the byte offset
3498** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3499** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3500** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3501** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3502** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3503**
3504** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3505** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3506** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3507** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3508** ^If the fifth argument is
3509** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3510** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3511** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3512** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3513** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3514**
3515** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3516** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3517** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3518** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3519** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3520** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3521** is undefined.
3522**
3523** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3524** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3525** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3526** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3527** content is later written using
3528** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3529** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3530**
3531** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3532** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3533** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3534** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3535** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3536** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3537**
3538** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3539** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3540**
3541** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3542** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3543** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3544** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3545** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3546** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3547** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3548**
3549** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3550** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3551*/
3552int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3553int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3554                        void(*)(void*));
3555int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3556int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3557int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3558int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3559int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3560int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3561int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3562                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3563int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3564int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3565
3566/*
3567** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3568** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3569**
3570** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3571** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3572** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3573** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3574** to the parameters at a later time.
3575**
3576** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3577** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3578** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3579** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3580**
3581** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3582** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3583** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3584*/
3585int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3586
3587/*
3588** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3589** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3590**
3591** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3592** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3593** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3594** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3595** respectively.
3596** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3597** is included as part of the name.)^
3598** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3599** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3600**
3601** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3602**
3603** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3604** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3605** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3606** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3607** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3608**
3609** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3610** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3611** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3612*/
3613const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3614
3615/*
3616** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3617** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3618**
3619** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3620** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3621** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3622** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3623** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3624** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3625**
3626** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3627** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3628** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3629*/
3630int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3631
3632/*
3633** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3634** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3635**
3636** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3637** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3638** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3639*/
3640int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3641
3642/*
3643** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3644** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3645**
3646** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3647** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3648** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3649**
3650** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3651*/
3652int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3653
3654/*
3655** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3656** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3657**
3658** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3659** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3660** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3661** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3662** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3663** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3664** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3665**
3666** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3667** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3668** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3669** or until the next call to
3670** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3671**
3672** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3673** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3674** NULL pointer is returned.
3675**
3676** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3677** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3678** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3679** one release of SQLite to the next.
3680*/
3681const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3682const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3683
3684/*
3685** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3686** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3687**
3688** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3689** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3690** [SELECT] statement.
3691** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3692** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3693** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3694** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3695** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3696** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3697** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3698** or until the same information is requested
3699** again in a different encoding.
3700**
3701** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3702** database, table, and column.
3703**
3704** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3705** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3706** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3707** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3708**
3709** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3710** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3711** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3712** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3713** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3714**
3715** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3716** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3717**
3718** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3719** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3720**
3721** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3722** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3723** undefined.
3724**
3725** If two or more threads call one or more
3726** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3727** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3728** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3729*/
3730const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3731const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3732const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3733const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3734const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3735const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3736
3737/*
3738** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3739** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3740**
3741** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3742** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3743** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3744** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3745** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3746** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3747** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3748**
3749** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3750**
3751** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3752**
3753** and the following statement to be compiled:
3754**
3755** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3756**
3757** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3758** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3759**
3760** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3761** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3762** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3763** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3764** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3765** used to hold those values.
3766*/
3767const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3768const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3769
3770/*
3771** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3772** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3773**
3774** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3775** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3776** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3777** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3778**
3779** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3780** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3781** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3782** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3783** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3784** interface will continue to be supported.
3785**
3786** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3787** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3788** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3789** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3790**
3791** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3792** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3793** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3794** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3795** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3796** continuing.
3797**
3798** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3799** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3800** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3801** machine back to its initial state.
3802**
3803** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3804** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3805** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3806** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3807**
3808** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3809** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3810** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3811** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3812** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3813** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3814** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3815** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3816**
3817** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3818** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3819** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3820** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3821** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3822** more threads at the same moment in time.
3823**
3824** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3825** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3826** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3827** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3828** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3829** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3830** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3831** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3832** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3833** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3834** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3835**
3836** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3837** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3838** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3839** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3840** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3841** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3842** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3843** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3844** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3845** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3846** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3847*/
3848int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3849
3850/*
3851** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3852** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3853**
3854** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3855** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3856** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3857** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3858** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3859** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3860** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3861** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3862** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3863** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3864** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3865** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3866**
3867** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3868*/
3869int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3870
3871/*
3872** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3873** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3874**
3875** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3876**
3877** <ul>
3878** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3879** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3880** <li> string
3881** <li> BLOB
3882** <li> NULL
3883** </ul>)^
3884**
3885** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3886**
3887** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3888** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3889** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3890** SQLITE_TEXT.
3891*/
3892#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3893#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3894#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3895#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3896#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3897# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3898#else
3899# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3900#endif
3901#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3902
3903/*
3904** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3905** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3906** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3907**
3908** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3909** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3910** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3911** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3912** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3913** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3914** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3915** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3916**
3917** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3918** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3919** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3920** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3921** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3922** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3923** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3924** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3925** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3926** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3927** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3928**
3929** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3930** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3931** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3932** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3933** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3934** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3935** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3936** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3937** following a type conversion.
3938**
3939** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3940** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3941** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3942** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3943** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3944** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3945** the number of bytes in that string.
3946** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3947**
3948** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3949** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3950** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3951** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3952** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3953** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3954** the number of bytes in that string.
3955** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3956**
3957** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3958** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3959** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3960** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3961** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3962**
3963** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3964** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3965** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3966**
3967** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3968** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
3969** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
3970** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3971** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3972** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3973** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3974** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
3975**
3976** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3977** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3978** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3979** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3980** that are applied:
3981**
3982** <blockquote>
3983** <table border="1">
3984** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3985**
3986** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3987** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3988** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3989** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3990** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3991** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3992** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3993** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3994** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3995** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3996** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3997** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3998** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3999** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4000** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4001** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4002** </table>
4003** </blockquote>)^
4004**
4005** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4006** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4007** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4008** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4009** in the following cases:
4010**
4011** <ul>
4012** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4013**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4014**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4015** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4016**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4017**      to UTF-16.</li>
4018** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4019**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4020**      to UTF-8.</li>
4021** </ul>
4022**
4023** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4024** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4025** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4026** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4027** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4028**
4029** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4030** in one of the following ways:
4031**
4032** <ul>
4033**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4034**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4035**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4036** </ul>
4037**
4038** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4039** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4040** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4041** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4042** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4043** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4044** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4045**
4046** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4047** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4048** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4049** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4050** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4051** [sqlite3_free()].
4052**
4053** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4054** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4055** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4056** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4057** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4058*/
4059const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4060int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4061int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4062double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4063int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4064sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4065const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4066const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4067int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4068sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4069
4070/*
4071** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4072** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4073**
4074** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4075** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4076** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4077** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4078** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4079** [extended error code].
4080**
4081** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4082** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4083** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4084** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4085** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4086** completed execution.
4087**
4088** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4089**
4090** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4091** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4092** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4093** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4094** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4095*/
4096int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4097
4098/*
4099** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4100** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4101**
4102** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4103** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4104** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4105** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4106** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4107**
4108** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4109** back to the beginning of its program.
4110**
4111** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4112** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4113** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4114** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4115**
4116** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4117** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4118** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4119**
4120** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4121** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4122*/
4123int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4124
4125/*
4126** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4127** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4128** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4129** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4130** METHOD: sqlite3
4131**
4132** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4133** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4134** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4135** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4136** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4137** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4138** the application data pointer.
4139**
4140** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4141** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4142** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4143** to each database connection separately.
4144**
4145** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4146** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4147** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4148** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4149** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4150** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4151**
4152** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4153** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4154** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4155** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4156** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4157** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4158** undefined.
4159**
4160** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4161** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4162** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4163** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4164** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4165** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4166** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4167** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4168** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4169** each encoding.
4170** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4171** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4172**
4173** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4174** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4175** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4176** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4177** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4178** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4179** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4180**
4181** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4182** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4183**
4184** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4185** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4186** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4187** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4188** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4189** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4190** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4191** callbacks.
4192**
4193** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4194** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4195** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4196** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4197** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4198** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4199** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4200** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4201** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4202**
4203** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4204** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4205** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4206** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4207** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4208** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4209** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4210** matches the database encoding is a better
4211** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4212** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4213** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4214** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4215**
4216** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4217**
4218** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4219** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4220** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4221** statement in which the function is running.
4222*/
4223int sqlite3_create_function(
4224  sqlite3 *db,
4225  const char *zFunctionName,
4226  int nArg,
4227  int eTextRep,
4228  void *pApp,
4229  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4230  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4231  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4232);
4233int sqlite3_create_function16(
4234  sqlite3 *db,
4235  const void *zFunctionName,
4236  int nArg,
4237  int eTextRep,
4238  void *pApp,
4239  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4240  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4241  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4242);
4243int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4244  sqlite3 *db,
4245  const char *zFunctionName,
4246  int nArg,
4247  int eTextRep,
4248  void *pApp,
4249  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4250  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4251  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4252  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4253);
4254
4255/*
4256** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4257**
4258** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4259** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4260*/
4261#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4262#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4263#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4264#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4265#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4266#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4267
4268/*
4269** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4270**
4271** These constants may be ORed together with the
4272** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4273** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4274** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4275*/
4276#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4277
4278/*
4279** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4280** DEPRECATED
4281**
4282** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4283** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4284** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4285** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4286** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4287*/
4288#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4289SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4290SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4291SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4292SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4293SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4294SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4295                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4296#endif
4297
4298/*
4299** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4300** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4301**
4302** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4303** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4304** the function or aggregate.
4305**
4306** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4307** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4308** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4309** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4310** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4311** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4312** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4313**
4314** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4315** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4316** object results in undefined behavior.
4317**
4318** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4319** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4320** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4321**
4322** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4323** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4324** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4325** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4326**
4327** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4328** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4329** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4330** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4331** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4332** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4333** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4334**
4335** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4336** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4337** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4338** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4339** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4340**
4341** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4342** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4343*/
4344const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4345int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4346int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4347double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4348int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4349sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4350const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4351const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4352const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4353const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4354int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4355int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4356
4357/*
4358** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4359** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4360**
4361** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4362** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4363** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4364** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4365** memory allocation fails.
4366**
4367** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4368** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4369** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4370*/
4371SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4372SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4373
4374/*
4375** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4376** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4377**
4378** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4379** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4380**
4381** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4382** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4383** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4384** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4385** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4386** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4387** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4388** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4389** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4390** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4391** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4392** first time from within xFinal().)^
4393**
4394** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4395** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4396** allocate error occurs.
4397**
4398** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4399** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4400** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4401** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4402** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4403** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4404** pointless memory allocations occur.
4405**
4406** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4407** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4408**
4409** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4410** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4411** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4412** function.
4413**
4414** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4415** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4416*/
4417void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4418
4419/*
4420** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4421** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4422**
4423** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4424** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4425** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4426** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4427** registered the application defined function.
4428**
4429** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4430** the application-defined function is running.
4431*/
4432void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4433
4434/*
4435** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4436** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4437**
4438** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4439** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4440** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4441** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4442** registered the application defined function.
4443*/
4444sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4445
4446/*
4447** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4448** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4449**
4450** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4451** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4452** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4453** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4454** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4455** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4456** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4457** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4458** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4459** invocations of the same function.
4460**
4461** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4462** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4463** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4464** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4465** returns a NULL pointer.
4466**
4467** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4468** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4469** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4470** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4471** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4472** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4473** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4474** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4475** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4476** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4477** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4478**      SQL statement, or
4479** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4480** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4481**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4482**
4483** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4484** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4485** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4486** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4487** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4488** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4489**
4490** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4491** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4492** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4493**
4494** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4495** the SQL function is running.
4496*/
4497void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4498void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4499
4500
4501/*
4502** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4503**
4504** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4505** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4506** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4507** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4508** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4509** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4510** the content before returning.
4511**
4512** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4513** C++ compilers.
4514*/
4515typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4516#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4517#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4518
4519/*
4520** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4521** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4522**
4523** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4524** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4525** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4526** for additional information.
4527**
4528** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4529** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4530** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4531**
4532** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4533** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4534** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4535** third parameter.
4536**
4537** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4538** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4539** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4540**
4541** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4542** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4543** by its 2nd argument.
4544**
4545** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4546** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4547** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4548** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4549** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4550** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4551** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4552** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4553** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4554** message all text up through the first zero character.
4555** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4556** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4557** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4558** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4559** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4560** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4561** modify the text after they return without harm.
4562** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4563** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4564** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4565** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4566**
4567** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4568** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4569**
4570** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4571** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4572**
4573** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4574** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4575** value given in the 2nd argument.
4576** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4577** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4578** value given in the 2nd argument.
4579**
4580** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4581** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4582**
4583** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4584** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4585** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4586** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4587** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4588** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4589** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4590** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4591** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4592** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4593** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4594** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4595** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4596** through the first zero character.
4597** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4598** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4599** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4600** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4601** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4602** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4603** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4604** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4605** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4606** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4607** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4608** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4609** finished using that result.
4610** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4611** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4612** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4613** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4614** when it has finished using that result.
4615** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4616** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4617** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4618** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4619**
4620** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4621** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4622** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4623** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4624** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4625** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4626** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4627** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4628** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4629**
4630** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4631** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4632** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4633*/
4634void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4635void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4636                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4637void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4638void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4639void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4640void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4641void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4642void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4643void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4644void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4645void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4646void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4647void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4648                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4649void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4650void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4651void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4652void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4653void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4654
4655/*
4656** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4657** METHOD: sqlite3
4658**
4659** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4660** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4661**
4662** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4663** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4664** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4665** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4666** considered to be the same name.
4667**
4668** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4669** <ul>
4670** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4671** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4672** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4673** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4674** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4675** </ul>)^
4676** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4677** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4678** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4679** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4680** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4681** on an even byte address.
4682**
4683** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4684** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4685**
4686** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4687** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4688** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4689** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4690** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4691** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4692** that collation is no longer usable.
4693**
4694** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4695** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4696** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4697** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4698** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4699** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4700** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4701** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4702** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4703** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4704** strings A, B, and C:
4705**
4706** <ol>
4707** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4708** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4709** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4710** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4711** </ol>
4712**
4713** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4714** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4715** is undefined.
4716**
4717** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4718** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4719** the collating function is deleted.
4720** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4721** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4722** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4723**
4724** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4725** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4726** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4727** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4728** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4729** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4730** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4731** compatibility.
4732**
4733** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4734*/
4735int sqlite3_create_collation(
4736  sqlite3*,
4737  const char *zName,
4738  int eTextRep,
4739  void *pArg,
4740  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4741);
4742int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4743  sqlite3*,
4744  const char *zName,
4745  int eTextRep,
4746  void *pArg,
4747  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4748  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4749);
4750int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4751  sqlite3*,
4752  const void *zName,
4753  int eTextRep,
4754  void *pArg,
4755  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4756);
4757
4758/*
4759** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4760** METHOD: sqlite3
4761**
4762** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4763** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4764** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4765** sequence is required.
4766**
4767** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4768** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4769** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4770** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4771** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4772**
4773** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4774** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4775** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4776** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4777** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4778** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4779** required collation sequence.)^
4780**
4781** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4782** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4783** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4784*/
4785int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4786  sqlite3*,
4787  void*,
4788  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4789);
4790int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4791  sqlite3*,
4792  void*,
4793  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4794);
4795
4796#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4797/*
4798** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4799** called right after sqlite3_open().
4800**
4801** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4802** of SQLite.
4803*/
4804int sqlite3_key(
4805  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4806  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4807);
4808int sqlite3_key_v2(
4809  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4810  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4811  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4812);
4813
4814/*
4815** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4816** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4817** database is decrypted.
4818**
4819** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4820** of SQLite.
4821*/
4822int sqlite3_rekey(
4823  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4824  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4825);
4826int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4827  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4828  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4829  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4830);
4831
4832/*
4833** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4834** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4835*/
4836void sqlite3_activate_see(
4837  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4838);
4839#endif
4840
4841#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4842/*
4843** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4844** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4845*/
4846void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4847  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4848);
4849#endif
4850
4851/*
4852** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4853**
4854** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4855** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4856**
4857** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4858** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4859** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4860** requested from the operating system is returned.
4861**
4862** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4863** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4864** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4865** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4866** in the previous paragraphs.
4867*/
4868int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4869
4870/*
4871** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4872**
4873** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4874** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4875** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4876** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4877** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4878** temporary file directory.
4879**
4880** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4881** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4882** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4883** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4884** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4885** be avoided in new projects.
4886**
4887** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4888** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4889** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4890** thread.
4891** It is intended that this variable be set once
4892** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4893** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4894** thereafter.
4895**
4896** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4897** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4898** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4899** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4900** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4901** using [sqlite3_free].
4902** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4903** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4904** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4905** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4906** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4907** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4908** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4909** objects have been destroyed.
4910**
4911** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4912** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4913** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4914** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4915**
4916** <blockquote><pre>
4917** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4918** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4919** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4920** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4921** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4922** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4923** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4924** </pre></blockquote>
4925*/
4926SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4927
4928/*
4929** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4930**
4931** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4932** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4933** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4934** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4935** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4936** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4937** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4938** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4939** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4940**
4941** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4942** open can result in a corrupt database.
4943**
4944** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4945** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4946** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4947** thread.
4948** It is intended that this variable be set once
4949** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4950** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4951** thereafter.
4952**
4953** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4954** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4955** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4956** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4957** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4958** using [sqlite3_free].
4959** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4960** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4961** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4962*/
4963SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4964
4965/*
4966** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4967** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4968** METHOD: sqlite3
4969**
4970** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4971** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4972** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4973** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4974** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4975**
4976** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4977** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4978** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4979** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4980** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4981** an error is to use this function.
4982**
4983** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4984** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4985** is undefined.
4986*/
4987int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4988
4989/*
4990** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4991** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4992**
4993** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4994** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4995** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4996** that was the first argument
4997** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4998** create the statement in the first place.
4999*/
5000sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5001
5002/*
5003** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5004** METHOD: sqlite3
5005**
5006** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5007** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5008** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5009** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5010** a NULL pointer is returned.
5011**
5012** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5013** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5014** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5015** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5016*/
5017const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5018
5019/*
5020** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5021** METHOD: sqlite3
5022**
5023** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5024** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5025** the name of a database on connection D.
5026*/
5027int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5028
5029/*
5030** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5031** METHOD: sqlite3
5032**
5033** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5034** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5035** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5036** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5037** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5038**
5039** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5040** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5041** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5042*/
5043sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5044
5045/*
5046** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5047** METHOD: sqlite3
5048**
5049** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5050** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5051** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5052** for the same database connection is overridden.
5053** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5054** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5055** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5056** for the same database connection is overridden.
5057** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5058** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5059** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5060**
5061** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5062** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5063** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5064** the first call for each function on D.
5065**
5066** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5067** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5068** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5069** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5070** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5071** or rollback hook in the first place.
5072** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5073** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5074** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5075**
5076** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5077**
5078** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5079** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5080** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5081** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5082** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5083**
5084** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5085** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5086** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5087** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5088** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5089**
5090** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5091*/
5092void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5093void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5094
5095/*
5096** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5097** METHOD: sqlite3
5098**
5099** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5100** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5101** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5102** a rowid table.
5103** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5104** for the same database connection is overridden.
5105**
5106** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5107** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5108** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5109** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5110** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5111** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5112** to be invoked.
5113** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5114** database and table name containing the affected row.
5115** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5116** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5117**
5118** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5119** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5120** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5121**
5122** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5123** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5124** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5125** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5126** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5127** release of SQLite.
5128**
5129** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5130** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5131** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5132** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5133** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5134** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5135**
5136** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5137** returns the P argument from the previous call
5138** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5139** the first call on D.
5140**
5141** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
5142** interfaces.
5143*/
5144void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5145  sqlite3*,
5146  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5147  void*
5148);
5149
5150/*
5151** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5152**
5153** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5154** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5155** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5156** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5157**
5158** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5159** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5160** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5161**
5162** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5163** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5164** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5165** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5166**
5167** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5168** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5169**
5170** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5171** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5172** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5173**
5174** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5175** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5176** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5177** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5178**
5179** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5180** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5181**
5182** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5183*/
5184int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5185
5186/*
5187** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5188**
5189** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5190** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5191** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5192** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5193** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5194** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5195** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5196** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5197**
5198** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5199*/
5200int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5201
5202/*
5203** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5204** METHOD: sqlite3
5205**
5206** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5207** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5208** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5209** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5210** omitted.
5211**
5212** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5213*/
5214int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5215
5216/*
5217** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5218**
5219** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5220** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5221** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5222** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5223** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5224** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5225** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5226** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5227** is advisory only.
5228**
5229** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5230** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5231** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5232** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5233** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5234** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5235**
5236** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5237**
5238** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5239** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5240**
5241** <ul>
5242** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5243** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5244**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5245**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5246** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5247**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5248** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5249**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5250**      from the heap.
5251** </ul>)^
5252**
5253** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5254** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5255** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5256** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5257** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5258** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5259** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5260** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5261** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5262**
5263** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5264** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5265*/
5266sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5267
5268/*
5269** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5270** DEPRECATED
5271**
5272** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5273** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5274** only.  All new applications should use the
5275** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5276*/
5277SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5278
5279
5280/*
5281** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5282** METHOD: sqlite3
5283**
5284** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5285** information about column C of table T in database D
5286** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5287** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5288** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5289** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5290** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5291** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5292** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
5293** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5294** does not.
5295**
5296** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5297** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5298** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5299** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5300** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5301** resolve unqualified table references.
5302**
5303** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5304** name of the desired column, respectively.
5305**
5306** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5307** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5308** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5309**
5310** ^(<blockquote>
5311** <table border="1">
5312** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5313**
5314** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5315** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5316** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5317** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5318** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5319** </table>
5320** </blockquote>)^
5321**
5322** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5323** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5324** call to any SQLite API function.
5325**
5326** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5327**
5328** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5329** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5330** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5331** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5332** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5333** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5334**
5335** <pre>
5336**     data type: "INTEGER"
5337**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5338**     not null: 0
5339**     primary key: 1
5340**     auto increment: 0
5341** </pre>)^
5342**
5343** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5344** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5345** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5346*/
5347int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5348  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5349  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5350  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5351  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5352  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5353  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5354  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5355  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5356  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5357);
5358
5359/*
5360** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5361** METHOD: sqlite3
5362**
5363** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5364**
5365** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5366** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5367** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5368** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5369** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5370** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5371** be tried also.
5372**
5373** ^The entry point is zProc.
5374** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5375** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5376** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5377** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5378** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5379** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5380** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5381** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5382** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5383** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5384** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5385** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5386** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5387**
5388** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5389** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5390** otherwise an error will be returned.
5391**
5392** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5393*/
5394int sqlite3_load_extension(
5395  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5396  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5397  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5398  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5399);
5400
5401/*
5402** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5403** METHOD: sqlite3
5404**
5405** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5406** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5407** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5408** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5409**
5410** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5411** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5412** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5413** it back off again.
5414*/
5415int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5416
5417/*
5418** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5419**
5420** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5421** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5422** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5423** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5424**
5425** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5426** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5427** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5428** entry point where as follows:
5429**
5430** <blockquote><pre>
5431** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5432** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5433** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5434** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5435** &nbsp;  );
5436** </pre></blockquote>)^
5437**
5438** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5439** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5440** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5441** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5442** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5443** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5444** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5445**
5446** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5447** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5448** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5449**
5450** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5451** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5452*/
5453int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5454
5455/*
5456** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5457**
5458** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5459** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5460** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5461** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5462** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5463** routines.
5464*/
5465int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5466
5467/*
5468** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5469**
5470** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5471** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5472*/
5473void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5474
5475/*
5476** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5477** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5478** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5479**
5480** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5481** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5482*/
5483
5484/*
5485** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5486*/
5487typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5488typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5489typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5490typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5491
5492/*
5493** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5494** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5495**
5496** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5497** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5498** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5499**
5500** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5501** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5502** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5503** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5504** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5505** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5506** any database connection.
5507*/
5508struct sqlite3_module {
5509  int iVersion;
5510  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5511               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5512               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5513  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5514               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5515               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5516  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5517  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5518  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5519  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5520  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5521  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5522                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5523  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5524  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5525  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5526  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5527  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5528  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5529  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5530  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5531  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5532  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5533                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5534                       void **ppArg);
5535  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5536  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5537  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5538  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5539  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5540  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5541};
5542
5543/*
5544** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5545** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5546**
5547** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5548** of the [virtual table] interface to
5549** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5550** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5551** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5552** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5553**
5554** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5555**
5556** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5557**
5558** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5559** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5560** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5561** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5562** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5563** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5564** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5565**
5566** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5567** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5568** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5569** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5570** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5571**
5572** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5573** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5574**
5575** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5576** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5577** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5578** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5579** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5580** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5581**
5582** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5583** [xFilter] method.
5584** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5585** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5586**
5587** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5588** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5589** sorting step is required.
5590**
5591** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5592** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5593** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5594** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5595** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5596**
5597** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5598** will be returned by the strategy.
5599**
5600** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5601** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5602** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5603** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5604** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5605** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5606** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5607*/
5608struct sqlite3_index_info {
5609  /* Inputs */
5610  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5611  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5612     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5613     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5614     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5615     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5616  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5617  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5618  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5619     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5620     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5621  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5622  /* Outputs */
5623  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5624    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5625    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5626  } *aConstraintUsage;
5627  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5628  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5629  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5630  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5631  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5632  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5633  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5634};
5635
5636/*
5637** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5638**
5639** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5640** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5641** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5642** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5643*/
5644#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5645#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5646#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5647#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5648#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5649#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5650
5651/*
5652** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5653** METHOD: sqlite3
5654**
5655** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5656** ^Module names must be registered before
5657** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5658** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5659**
5660** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5661** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5662** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5663** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5664** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5665** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5666** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5667**
5668** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5669** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5670** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5671** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5672** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5673** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5674** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5675** destructor.
5676*/
5677int sqlite3_create_module(
5678  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5679  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5680  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5681  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5682);
5683int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5684  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5685  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5686  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5687  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5688  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5689);
5690
5691/*
5692** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5693** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5694**
5695** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5696** of this object to describe a particular instance
5697** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5698** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5699** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5700** common to all module implementations.
5701**
5702** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5703** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5704** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5705** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5706** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5707** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5708*/
5709struct sqlite3_vtab {
5710  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5711  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
5712  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5713  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5714};
5715
5716/*
5717** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5718** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5719**
5720** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5721** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5722** [virtual table] and are used
5723** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5724** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5725** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5726** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5727** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5728** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5729**
5730** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5731** are common to all implementations.
5732*/
5733struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5734  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5735  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5736};
5737
5738/*
5739** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5740**
5741** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5742** [virtual table module] call this interface
5743** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5744** the virtual tables they implement.
5745*/
5746int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5747
5748/*
5749** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5750** METHOD: sqlite3
5751**
5752** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5753** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5754** But global versions of those functions
5755** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5756**
5757** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5758** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5759** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5760** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5761** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5762** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5763** by a [virtual table].
5764*/
5765int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5766
5767/*
5768** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5769** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5770** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5771** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5772**
5773** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5774** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5775*/
5776
5777/*
5778** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5779** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5780**
5781** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5782** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5783** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5784** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5785** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5786** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5787** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5788*/
5789typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5790
5791/*
5792** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5793** METHOD: sqlite3
5794** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
5795**
5796** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5797** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5798** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5799**
5800** <pre>
5801**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5802** </pre>)^
5803**
5804** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
5805** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
5806** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
5807** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
5808** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
5809**
5810** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5811** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
5812** read-only access.
5813**
5814** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
5815** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
5816** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
5817** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
5818** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
5819**
5820** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
5821** <ul>
5822**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
5823**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
5824**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
5825**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
5826**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
5827**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
5828**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
5829**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
5830**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
5831**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
5832**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
5833**         being opened for read/write access)^.
5834** </ul>
5835**
5836** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
5837** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5838** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5839**
5840**
5841** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5842** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5843** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5844** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5845** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5846** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5847** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5848** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5849** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5850** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5851**
5852** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5853** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5854** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5855** blob.
5856**
5857** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5858** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
5859** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
5860**
5861** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5862** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5863*/
5864int sqlite3_blob_open(
5865  sqlite3*,
5866  const char *zDb,
5867  const char *zTable,
5868  const char *zColumn,
5869  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5870  int flags,
5871  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5872);
5873
5874/*
5875** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5876** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5877**
5878** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5879** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5880** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5881** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5882** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5883** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5884**
5885** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5886** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5887** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5888** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5889** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5890** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5891** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5892** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5893** always returns zero.
5894**
5895** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5896*/
5897int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5898
5899/*
5900** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5901** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
5902**
5903** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
5904** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
5905** handle is still closed.)^
5906**
5907** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
5908** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
5909** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
5910** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
5911** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
5912**
5913** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
5914** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
5915** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
5916** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
5917** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
5918** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
5919*/
5920int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5921
5922/*
5923** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5924** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5925**
5926** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5927** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5928** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5929** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5930**
5931** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5932** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5933** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5934** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5935*/
5936int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5937
5938/*
5939** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5940** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5941**
5942** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5943** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5944** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5945**
5946** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5947** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5948** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5949** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5950** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5951**
5952** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5953** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5954**
5955** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5956** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5957**
5958** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5959** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5960** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5961** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5962**
5963** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5964*/
5965int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5966
5967/*
5968** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5969** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5970**
5971** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5972** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5973** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5974**
5975** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5976** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5977** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
5978** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5979** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5980**
5981** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5982** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5983** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5984**
5985** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5986** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5987** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5988** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
5989** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
5990** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
5991** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5992**
5993** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5994** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5995** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5996** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5997** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5998** or by other independent statements.
5999**
6000** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6001** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6002** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6003** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6004**
6005** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6006*/
6007int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6008
6009/*
6010** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6011**
6012** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6013** that SQLite uses to interact
6014** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6015** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6016** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6017** The following interfaces are provided.
6018**
6019** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6020** ^Names are case sensitive.
6021** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6022** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6023** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6024**
6025** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6026** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6027** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6028** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6029** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6030** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6031** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6032** then the behavior is undefined.
6033**
6034** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6035** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6036** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6037*/
6038sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6039int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6040int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6041
6042/*
6043** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6044**
6045** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6046** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6047** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6048** permitted to use any of these routines.
6049**
6050** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6051** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6052** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6053** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6054**
6055** <ul>
6056** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6057** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6058** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6059** </ul>
6060**
6061** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6062** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6063** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6064** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6065** and Windows.
6066**
6067** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6068** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6069** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6070** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6071** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6072** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6073** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6074**
6075** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6076** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6077** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6078** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6079** integer constants:
6080**
6081** <ul>
6082** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6083** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6084** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6085** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6086** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6087** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6088** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6089** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6090** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6091** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6092** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6093** </ul>
6094**
6095** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6096** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6097** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6098** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6099** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6100** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6101** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6102** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6103** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6104** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6105**
6106** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6107** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6108** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6109** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6110** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6111** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6112** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6113** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6114**
6115** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6116** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6117** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6118** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6119** the same type number.
6120**
6121** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6122** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6123** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6124**
6125** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6126** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6127** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6128** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6129** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6130** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6131** In such cases, the
6132** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6133** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6134** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6135**
6136** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6137** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6138** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6139** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6140** behavior.)^
6141**
6142** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6143** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6144** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6145** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6146**
6147** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6148** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6149** behave as no-ops.
6150**
6151** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6152*/
6153sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6154void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6155void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6156int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6157void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6158
6159/*
6160** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6161**
6162** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6163** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6164**
6165** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6166** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6167** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6168** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6169** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6170** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6171** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6172** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6173** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6174**
6175** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6176** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6177** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6178** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6179**
6180** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6181** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6182** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6183** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6184** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6185** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6186**
6187** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6188** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6189** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6190**
6191** <ul>
6192**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6193**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6194**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6195**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6196**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6197**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6198**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6199** </ul>)^
6200**
6201** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6202** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6203** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6204** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6205** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6206** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6207** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6208**
6209** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6210** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6211** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6212** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6213**
6214** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6215** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6216** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6217** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6218**
6219** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6220** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6221** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6222** prior to returning.
6223*/
6224typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6225struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6226  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6227  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6228  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6229  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6230  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6231  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6232  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6233  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6234  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6235};
6236
6237/*
6238** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6239**
6240** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6241** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6242** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6243** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6244** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6245** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6246** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6247** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6248**
6249** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6250** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6251**
6252** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6253** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6254** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6255** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6256**
6257** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6258** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6259** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6260** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6261** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6262** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6263** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6264** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6265*/
6266#ifndef NDEBUG
6267int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6268int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6269#endif
6270
6271/*
6272** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6273**
6274** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6275** which is one of these integer constants.
6276**
6277** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6278** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6279** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6280*/
6281#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6282#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6283#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6284#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6285#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6286#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6287#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6288#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6289#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6290#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6291#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6292#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6293#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6294#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6295#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6296#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6297
6298/*
6299** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6300** METHOD: sqlite3
6301**
6302** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6303** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6304** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6305** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6306** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6307*/
6308sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6309
6310/*
6311** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6312** METHOD: sqlite3
6313**
6314** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6315** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6316** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6317** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6318** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6319** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6320** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6321** main database file.
6322** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6323** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6324** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6325** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6326**
6327** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6328** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6329** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6330** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6331** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6332**
6333** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6334** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6335** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6336** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6337** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6338** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6339** xFileControl method.
6340**
6341** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6342*/
6343int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6344
6345/*
6346** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6347**
6348** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6349** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6350** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6351** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6352**
6353** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6354** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6355** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6356**
6357** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6358** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6359** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6360** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6361*/
6362int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6363
6364/*
6365** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6366**
6367** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6368** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6369**
6370** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6371** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6372** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6373** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6374*/
6375#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6376#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6377#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6378#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6379#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6380#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6381#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6382#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6383#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6384#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6385#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6386#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6387#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6388#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6389#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6390#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6391#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6392#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6393#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6394#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6395#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6396#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6397#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6398
6399/*
6400** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6401**
6402** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6403** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6404** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6405** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6406** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6407** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6408** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6409** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6410** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6411** value.  For those parameters
6412** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6413** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6414** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6415**
6416** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6417** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6418**
6419** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6420** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6421** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6422**
6423** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6424*/
6425int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6426int sqlite3_status64(
6427  int op,
6428  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6429  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6430  int resetFlag
6431);
6432
6433
6434/*
6435** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6436** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6437**
6438** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6439** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6440**
6441** <dl>
6442** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6443** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6444** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6445** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6446** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6447** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6448** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6449** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6450** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6451**
6452** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6453** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6454** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6455** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6456** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6457** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6458**
6459** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6460** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6461** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6462**
6463** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6464** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6465** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6466** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6467** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6468**
6469** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6470** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6471** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6472** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6473** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6474** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6475** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6476** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6477** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6478**
6479** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6480** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6481** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6482** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6483** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6484**
6485** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6486** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6487** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6488** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6489** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6490** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6491** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6492**
6493** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6494** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6495** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6496** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6497** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6498** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6499** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6500** slots were available.
6501** </dd>)^
6502**
6503** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6504** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6505** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6506** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6507** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6508**
6509** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6510** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6511** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6512** </dl>
6513**
6514** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6515*/
6516#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6517#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6518#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6519#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6520#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6521#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6522#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6523#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6524#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6525#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6526
6527/*
6528** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6529** METHOD: sqlite3
6530**
6531** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6532** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6533** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6534** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6535** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6536** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6537** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6538** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6539**
6540** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6541** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6542** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6543** reset back down to the current value.
6544**
6545** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6546** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6547**
6548** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6549*/
6550int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6551
6552/*
6553** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6554** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6555**
6556** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6557** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6558**
6559** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6560** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6561** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6562** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6563** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6564**
6565** <dl>
6566** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6567** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6568** checked out.</dd>)^
6569**
6570** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6571** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6572** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6573** the current value is always zero.)^
6574**
6575** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6576** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6577** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6578** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6579** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6580** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6581** the current value is always zero.)^
6582**
6583** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6584** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6585** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6586** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6587** memory already being in use.
6588** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6589** the current value is always zero.)^
6590**
6591** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6592** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6593** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6594** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6595**
6596** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6597** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6598** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6599** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6600** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6601** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6602** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6603** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6604**
6605** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6606** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6607** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6608** the database connection.)^
6609** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6610** </dd>
6611**
6612** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6613** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6614** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6615** is always 0.
6616** </dd>
6617**
6618** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6619** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6620** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6621** is always 0.
6622** </dd>
6623**
6624** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6625** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6626** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6627** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6628** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6629** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6630** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6631** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6632** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6633** </dd>
6634**
6635** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6636** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6637** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6638** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6639** </dd>
6640** </dl>
6641*/
6642#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6643#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6644#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6645#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6646#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6647#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6648#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6649#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6650#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6651#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6652#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6653#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6654
6655
6656/*
6657** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6658** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6659**
6660** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6661** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6662** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6663** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6664** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6665** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6666** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6667** an index.
6668**
6669** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6670** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6671** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6672** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6673** to be interrogated.)^
6674** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6675** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6676** interface call returns.
6677**
6678** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6679*/
6680int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6681
6682/*
6683** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6684** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6685**
6686** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6687** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6688** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6689**
6690** <dl>
6691** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6692** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6693** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6694** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6695** careful use of indices.</dd>
6696**
6697** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6698** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6699** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6700** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6701**
6702** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6703** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6704** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6705** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6706** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6707** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6708**
6709** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6710** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6711** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6712** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6713** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6714** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6715** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6716** </dd>
6717** </dl>
6718*/
6719#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6720#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6721#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6722#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6723
6724/*
6725** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6726**
6727** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6728** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6729** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6730** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6731** to the object.
6732**
6733** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6734*/
6735typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6736
6737/*
6738** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6739**
6740** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6741** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6742** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6743** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6744**
6745** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6746*/
6747typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6748struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6749  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6750  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6751};
6752
6753/*
6754** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6755** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6756**
6757** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6758** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6759** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6760** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6761** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6762** By implementing a
6763** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6764** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6765** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6766** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6767** how long.
6768**
6769** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6770** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6771** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6772**
6773** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6774** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6775** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6776** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6777**
6778** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6779** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6780** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6781** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6782** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6783** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6784** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6785** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6786** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6787** page cache.)^
6788**
6789** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6790** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6791** It can be used to clean up
6792** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6793** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6794**
6795** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6796** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6797** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6798** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6799** in multithreaded applications.
6800**
6801** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6802** call to xShutdown().
6803**
6804** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6805** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6806** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6807** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6808** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6809** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6810** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6811** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6812** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6813** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6814** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6815** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6816** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6817** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6818** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6819** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6820** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6821** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6822** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6823** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6824** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6825** never contain any unpinned pages.
6826**
6827** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6828** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6829** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6830** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6831** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6832** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6833** value; it is advisory only.
6834**
6835** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6836** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6837** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6838**
6839** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6840** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6841** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6842** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6843** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6844** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6845** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6846** for each entry in the page cache.
6847**
6848** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6849** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6850** to be "pinned".
6851**
6852** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6853** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6854** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6855** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6856** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6857**
6858** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6859** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6860** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6861** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6862**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6863** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6864**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6865** </table>
6866**
6867** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6868** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6869** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6870** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6871** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6872**
6873** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6874** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6875** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6876** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6877** ^If the discard parameter is
6878** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6879** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6880** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6881**
6882** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6883** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6884** to xFetch().
6885**
6886** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6887** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6888** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6889** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6890** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6891** to be pinned.
6892**
6893** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6894** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6895** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6896** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6897** they can be safely discarded.
6898**
6899** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6900** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6901** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6902** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6903** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6904** functions.
6905**
6906** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6907** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6908** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6909** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6910** do their best.
6911*/
6912typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6913struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6914  int iVersion;
6915  void *pArg;
6916  int (*xInit)(void*);
6917  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6918  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6919  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6920  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6921  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6922  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6923  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6924      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6925  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6926  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6927  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6928};
6929
6930/*
6931** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6932** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6933** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6934*/
6935typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6936struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6937  void *pArg;
6938  int (*xInit)(void*);
6939  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6940  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6941  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6942  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6943  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6944  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6945  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6946  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6947  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6948};
6949
6950
6951/*
6952** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6953**
6954** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6955** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6956** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6957** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6958**
6959** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6960*/
6961typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6962
6963/*
6964** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6965**
6966** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6967** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6968** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6969**
6970** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6971**
6972** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6973** for the duration of the backup operation.
6974** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6975** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6976** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6977** preventing other database connections from
6978** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6979**
6980** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6981**   <ol>
6982**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6983**         backup,
6984**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6985**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6986**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6987**         associated with the backup operation.
6988**   </ol>)^
6989** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6990** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6991**
6992** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6993**
6994** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6995** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6996** and the database name, respectively.
6997** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6998** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6999** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7000** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7001** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7002** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7003** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7004** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7005** an error.
7006**
7007** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning SQLITE_ERROR, if
7008** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7009** destination database.
7010**
7011** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7012** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7013** destination [database connection] D.
7014** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7015** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7016** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7017** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7018** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7019** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7020** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7021** operation.
7022**
7023** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7024**
7025** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7026** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7027** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7028** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7029** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7030** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7031** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7032** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7033** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7034** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7035** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7036** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7037**
7038** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7039** <ol>
7040** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7041** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7042** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7043** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7044** destination and source page sizes differ.
7045** </ol>)^
7046**
7047** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7048** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7049** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7050** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7051** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7052** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7053** [database connection]
7054** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7055** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7056** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7057** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7058** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7059** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7060** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7061** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7062** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7063**
7064** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7065** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7066** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7067** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7068** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7069** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7070** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7071** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7072** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7073** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7074** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7075** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7076** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7077** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7078** updated at the same time.
7079**
7080** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7081**
7082** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7083** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7084** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7085** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7086** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7087** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7088** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7089** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7090** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7091**
7092** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7093** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7094** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7095** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7096** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7097** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7098**
7099** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7100** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7101** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7102**
7103** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7104** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7105**
7106** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7107** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7108** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7109** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7110** sqlite3_backup_step().
7111** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7112** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7113** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7114** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7115** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7116** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7117**
7118** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7119**
7120** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7121** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7122** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7123** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7124** from within other threads.
7125**
7126** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7127** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7128** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7129** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7130** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7131** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7132** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7133** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7134**
7135** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7136** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7137** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7138** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7139** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7140** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7141**
7142** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7143** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7144** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7145** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7146** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7147** possible that they return invalid values.
7148*/
7149sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7150  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7151  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7152  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7153  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7154);
7155int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7156int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7157int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7158int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7159
7160/*
7161** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7162** METHOD: sqlite3
7163**
7164** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7165** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7166** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7167** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7168** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7169** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7170** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7171** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7172**
7173** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7174**
7175** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7176** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7177**
7178** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7179** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7180** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7181** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7182** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7183** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7184** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7185** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7186** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7187** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7188**
7189** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7190** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7191** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7192** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7193** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7194**
7195** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7196** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7197** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7198** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7199**
7200** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7201** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7202** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7203** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7204** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7205** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7206** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7207** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7208**
7209** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7210** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7211** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7212**
7213** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7214** returns SQLITE_OK.
7215**
7216** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7217**
7218** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7219** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7220** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7221** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7222** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7223** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7224**
7225** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7226** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7227** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7228** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7229** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7230** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7231** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7232** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7233**
7234** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7235**
7236** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7237** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7238** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7239** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7240** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7241** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7242** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7243**
7244** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7245** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7246** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7247** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7248** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7249** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7250** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7251** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7252** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7253** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7254** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7255** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7256**
7257** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7258**
7259** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7260** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7261** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7262** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7263** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7264** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7265** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7266** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7267** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7268**
7269** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7270** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7271** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7272** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7273** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7274*/
7275int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7276  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7277  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7278  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7279);
7280
7281
7282/*
7283** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7284**
7285** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7286** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7287** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7288** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7289*/
7290int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7291int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7292
7293/*
7294** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7295*
7296** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7297** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7298** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7299** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7300** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7301** sensitive.
7302**
7303** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7304** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7305*/
7306int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7307
7308/*
7309** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7310**
7311** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7312** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7313** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7314** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7315**
7316** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7317** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7318** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7319** is considered bad form.
7320**
7321** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7322**
7323** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7324** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7325** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7326** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7327** buffer.
7328*/
7329void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7330
7331/*
7332** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7333** METHOD: sqlite3
7334**
7335** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7336** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7337**
7338** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7339** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7340** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7341**
7342** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7343** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7344** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7345** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7346** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7347** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7348** including those that were just committed.
7349**
7350** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7351** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7352** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7353** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7354** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7355** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7356** are undefined.
7357**
7358** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7359** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7360** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7361** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7362** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7363** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7364*/
7365void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7366  sqlite3*,
7367  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7368  void*
7369);
7370
7371/*
7372** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7373** METHOD: sqlite3
7374**
7375** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7376** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7377** to automatically [checkpoint]
7378** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7379** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7380** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7381** checkpoints entirely.
7382**
7383** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7384** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7385** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7386** configured by this function.
7387**
7388** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7389** from SQL.
7390**
7391** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7392** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7393**
7394** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7395** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7396** pages.  The use of this interface
7397** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7398** for a particular application.
7399*/
7400int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7401
7402/*
7403** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7404** METHOD: sqlite3
7405**
7406** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7407** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7408**
7409** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7410** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7411** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7412** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7413** information.
7414**
7415** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7416** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7417** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7418** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7419** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7420** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7421*/
7422int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7423
7424/*
7425** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7426** METHOD: sqlite3
7427**
7428** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7429** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7430** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7431** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7432**
7433** <dl>
7434** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7435**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7436**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7437**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7438**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7439**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7440**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7441**
7442** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7443**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7444**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7445**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7446**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7447**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7448**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7449**
7450** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7451**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7452**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7453**   [busy-handler callback])
7454**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7455**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7456**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7457**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7458**
7459** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7460**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7461**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7462**   to a successful return.
7463** </dl>
7464**
7465** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7466** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7467** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7468** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7469** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7470** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7471** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7472** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7473** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7474**
7475** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7476** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7477** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7478** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7479**
7480** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7481** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7482** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7483** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7484** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7485** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7486** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7487** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7488** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7489** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7490**
7491** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7492** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7493** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7494** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7495** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7496** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7497** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7498** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7499** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7500** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7501** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7502**
7503** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7504** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7505** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7506** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7507**
7508** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7509** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7510** sets the error information that is queried by
7511** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7512**
7513** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7514** from SQL.
7515*/
7516int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7517  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7518  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7519  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7520  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7521  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7522);
7523
7524/*
7525** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7526** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7527**
7528** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7529** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7530** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7531** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7532*/
7533#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7534#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7535#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7536#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7537
7538/*
7539** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7540**
7541** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7542** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7543** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7544**
7545** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7546** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7547**
7548** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7549** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7550** may be added in the future.
7551*/
7552int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7553
7554/*
7555** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7556**
7557** These macros define the various options to the
7558** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7559** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7560**
7561** <dl>
7562** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7563** <dd>Calls of the form
7564** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7565** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7566** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7567** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7568** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7569** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7570** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7571** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7572**
7573** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7574** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7575** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7576** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7577** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7578** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7579** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7580** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7581** had been ABORT.
7582**
7583** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7584** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7585** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7586** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7587** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7588** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7589** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7590** constraint handling.
7591** </dl>
7592*/
7593#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7594
7595/*
7596** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7597**
7598** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7599** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7600** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7601** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7602** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7603** [virtual table].
7604*/
7605int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7606
7607/*
7608** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7609** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7610**
7611** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7612** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7613** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7614**
7615** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7616** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7617** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7618*/
7619#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7620/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7621#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7622/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7623#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7624
7625/*
7626** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7627** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7628**
7629** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7630** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7631** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7632**
7633** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7634** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7635** S is finalized.
7636**
7637** <dl>
7638** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7639** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7640** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7641**
7642** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7643** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7644** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7645**
7646** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7647** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7648** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
7649** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
7650** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
7651** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
7652** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
7653**
7654** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
7655** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7656** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
7657** used for the X-th loop.
7658**
7659** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
7660** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7661** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7662** description for the X-th loop.
7663**
7664** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
7665** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7666** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
7667** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
7668** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
7669** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
7670** </dl>
7671*/
7672#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
7673#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
7674#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
7675#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
7676#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
7677#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
7678
7679/*
7680** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
7681** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7682**
7683** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
7684** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
7685** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
7686** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
7687**
7688** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
7689** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
7690** compile-time option.
7691**
7692** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
7693** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
7694** of this interface is undefined.
7695** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
7696** the "pOut" parameter.
7697** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
7698** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
7699** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
7700** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
7701** points to is unchanged.
7702**
7703** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
7704** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
7705** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
7706** that pOut points to unchanged.
7707**
7708** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
7709*/
7710int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
7711  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
7712  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
7713  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
7714  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
7715);
7716
7717/*
7718** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
7719** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7720**
7721** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
7722**
7723** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
7724** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
7725*/
7726void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
7727
7728
7729/*
7730** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7731** builds on processors without floating point support.
7732*/
7733#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7734# undef double
7735#endif
7736
7737#ifdef __cplusplus
7738}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7739#endif
7740#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7741