xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 8d889afc)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#else
193# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
194# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
195#endif
196
197/*
198** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
199**
200** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
201** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
202** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
203**
204** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
205** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
206** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
207** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
208** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
209** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
210**
211** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
212** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
213** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
214** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
215**
216** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
217** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
218** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
219**
220** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
221** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
222** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
223** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
224** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
225** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
226** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
227** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
228** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
229** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
230**
231** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
232*/
233int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
234
235/*
236** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
237** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
238**
239** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
240** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
241** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
242** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
243** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
244** interfaces (such as
245** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
246** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
247** sqlite3 object.
248*/
249typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
250
251/*
252** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
253** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
254**
255** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
256** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
257**
258** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
259** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
260** compatibility only.
261**
262** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
263** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
264** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
265** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
266*/
267#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
268  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
269# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
270    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
271# else
272    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
273# endif
274#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
275  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
277#else
278  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
279  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
280#endif
281typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
282typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
283
284/*
285** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
286** substitute integer for floating-point.
287*/
288#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
289# define double sqlite3_int64
290#endif
291
292/*
293** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
294** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
295**
296** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
297** for the [sqlite3] object.
298** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
299** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
300** resources are deallocated.
301**
302** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
303** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
304** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
305** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
306** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
307** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
308** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
309** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
310** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
311** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
312** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
313** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
314** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
315** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
316** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
317** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
318**
319** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
320** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
321**
322** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
323** must be either a NULL
324** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
325** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
326** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
327** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
328** argument is a harmless no-op.
329*/
330int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
331int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
332
333/*
334** The type for a callback function.
335** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
336** compatibility and is not documented.
337*/
338typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
339
340/*
341** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
342** METHOD: sqlite3
343**
344** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
345** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
346** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
347** without having to use a lot of C code.
348**
349** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
350** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
351** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
352** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
353** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
354** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
355** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
356** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
357** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
358** ignored.
359**
360** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
361** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
362** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
363** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
364** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
365** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
366** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
367** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
368** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
369** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
370** NULL before returning.
371**
372** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
373** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
374** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
375**
376** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
377** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
378** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
379** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
380** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
381** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
383** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
384** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
385**
386** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
387** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
388** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
389** is not changed.
390**
391** Restrictions:
392**
393** <ul>
394** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
395**      is a valid and open [database connection].
396** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
397**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
398** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
399**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
400** </ul>
401*/
402int sqlite3_exec(
403  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
404  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
405  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
406  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
407  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
408);
409
410/*
411** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
412** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
413**
414** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
415** here in order to indicate success or failure.
416**
417** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
418**
419** See also: [extended result code definitions]
420*/
421#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
422/* beginning-of-error-codes */
423#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
424#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
425#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
426#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
427#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
428#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
429#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
430#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
431#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
432#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
433#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
434#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
435#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
436#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
437#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
438#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
439#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
440#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
441#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
442#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
443#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
444#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
445#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
446#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
447#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
448#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
449#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
450#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
452#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
453/* end-of-error-codes */
454
455/*
456** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
457** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
458**
459** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
460** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
461** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
462** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
463** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
464** and later) include
465** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
466** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
467** on a per database connection basis using the
468** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
469** the most recent error can be obtained using
470** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
471*/
472#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
508#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
509#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
510#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
518#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
519#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
520#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
521#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
524#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
525#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
526#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
527#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
528#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
534#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
535#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
539#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
540#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
541#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
542#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
544#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
545#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
546
547/*
548** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
549**
550** These bit values are intended for use in the
551** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
552** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
553*/
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
567#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
568#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
569#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
570#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
571#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
572#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
573#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
574#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
575
576/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
577/* Legacy compatibility: */
578#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
579
580
581/*
582** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
583**
584** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
585** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
586** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
587** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
588** refers to.
589**
590** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
591** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
592** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
593** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
594** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
595** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
596** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
597** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
598** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
599** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
600** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
601** file that were written at the application level might have changed
602** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
603** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
604** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
605** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
606** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
607** elevated privileges.
608**
609** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
610** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
611** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
612** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
613*/
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
618#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
619#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
620#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
621#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
622#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
623#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
624#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
625#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
626#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
627#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
628#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
629
630/*
631** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
632**
633** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
634** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
635** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
636*/
637#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
638#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
639#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
640#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
641#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
642
643/*
644** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
645**
646** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
647** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
648** these integer values as the second argument.
649**
650** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
651** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
652** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
653** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
654** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
655** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
656**
657** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
658** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
659** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
660** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
661** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
662** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
663** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
664** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
665** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
666** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
667** cares about the difference.)
668*/
669#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
670#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
671#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
672
673/*
674** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
675**
676** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
677** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
678** implementations will
679** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
680** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
681** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
682** I/O operations on the open file.
683*/
684typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
685struct sqlite3_file {
686  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
687};
688
689/*
690** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
691**
692** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
693** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
694** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
695** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
696** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
697**
698** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
699** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
700** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
701** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
702** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
703** to NULL.
704**
705** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
706** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
707** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
708** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
709** and not its inode needs to be synced.
710**
711** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
712** <ul>
713** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
714** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
715** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
716** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
717** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
718** </ul>
719** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
720** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
721** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
722** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
723** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
724**
725** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
726** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
727** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
728** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
729** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
730** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
731** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
732** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
733** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
734** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
735** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
736** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
737** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
738** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
739** recognize.
740**
741** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
742** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
743** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
744** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
745** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
746** underlying device:
747**
748** <ul>
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
753** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
754** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
755** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
756** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
757** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
758** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
759** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
760** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
761** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
762** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
763** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
764** </ul>
765**
766** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
767** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
768** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
769** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
770** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
771** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
772** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
773** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
774** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
775** to xWrite().
776**
777** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
778** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
779** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
780** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
781** database corruption.
782*/
783typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
784struct sqlite3_io_methods {
785  int iVersion;
786  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
787  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
788  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
789  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
790  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
791  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
792  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
793  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
794  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
795  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
796  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
797  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
798  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
799  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
800  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
801  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
802  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
803  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
804  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
805  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
806  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
807  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
808};
809
810/*
811** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
812** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
813**
814** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
815** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
816** interface.
817**
818** <ul>
819** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
820** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
821** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
822** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
823** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
824** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
825** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
826** compile-time option is used.
827**
828** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
829** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
830** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
831** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
832** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
833** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
834** file run faster.
835**
836** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
837** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
838** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
839** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
840** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
841** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
842** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
843** pointed to is set to the new limit.
844**
845** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
846** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
847** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
848** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
849** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
850** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
851** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
852** improve performance on some systems.
853**
854** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
855** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
856** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
857** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
858**
859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
860** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
861** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
862** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
863** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
866** No longer in use.
867**
868** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
869** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
870** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
871** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
872** because the user has configured SQLite with
873** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
874** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
875** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
876** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
877** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
878** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
879** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
880** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
881**
882** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
883** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
884** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
885** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
886** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
887** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
888** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
889**
890** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
891** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
892** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
893** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
894** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
895** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
896** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
897** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
898** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
899** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
900** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
901** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
902** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
903** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
904** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
905** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
906**
907** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
908** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
909** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
910** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
911** files used for transaction control
912** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
913** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
914** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
915** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
916** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
917** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
918** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
919** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
920** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
921** WAL persistence setting.
922**
923** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
924** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
925** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
926** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
927** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
928** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
929** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
930** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
931** zero-damage mode setting.
932**
933** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
934** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
935** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
936** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
937** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
938**
939** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
940** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
941** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
942** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
943** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
944** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
945** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
946** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
947** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
948** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
949** is intended for diagnostic use only.
950**
951** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
952** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
953** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
954** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
955** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
956** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
957** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
958** upper-most shim only.
959**
960** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
961** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
962** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
963** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
964** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
965** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
966** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
967** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
968** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
969** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
970** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
971** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
972** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
973** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
974** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
975** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
976** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
977** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
978** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
979** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
980** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
981** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
982** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
983** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
984**
985** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
986** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
987** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
988** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
989** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
990** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
991** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
992** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
993** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
994** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
995** current operation.
996**
997** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
998** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
999** to have SQLite generate a
1000** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1001** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1002** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1003** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1004** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1005**
1006** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1007** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1008** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1009** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1010** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1011** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1012** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1013** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1014** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1015**
1016** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1017** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1018** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1019** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1020** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1021** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1022** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1023**
1024** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1025** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1026** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1027** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1028** was first opened.
1029**
1030** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1031** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1032** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1033** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1034** writes the resulting value there.
1035**
1036** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1037** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1038** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1039** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1040** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1041**
1042** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1043** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1044** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1045** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1046** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1047** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1048**
1049** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1050** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1051** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1052**
1053** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1054** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1055** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1056** this opcode.
1057**
1058** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1059** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1060** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1061** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1062** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1063** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1064** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1065** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1066** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1067** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1068** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1069** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1070**
1071** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1072** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1073** operations since the previous successful call to
1074** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1075** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1076** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1077** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1078** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1079** write operations are independent.
1080** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1081** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1082**
1083** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1084** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1085** operations since the previous successful call to
1086** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1087** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1088** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1089** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1090** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1091**
1092** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1093** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1094** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1095** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1096** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1097** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1098** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1099**
1100** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1101** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1102** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1103** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1104** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1105** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1106** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1107** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1108** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1109** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1110** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1111** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1112** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1113** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1114** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1115** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1116** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1117** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1118** a particular attached database.
1119**
1120** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1121** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1122** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1123** file to the database file.
1124**
1125** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1126** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1127** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1128** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1129** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1130** </ul>
1131**
1132** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
1133** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
1134** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
1135** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix.The
1136** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
1137** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
1138** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
1139** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
1140** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
1141** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
1142** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
1143** </ul>
1144**
1145** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
1146** Used by the cksmvfs VFS module only.
1147** </ul>
1148*/
1149#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1150#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1151#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1152#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1153#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1154#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1155#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1156#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1157#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1158#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1159#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1160#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1161#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1162#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1163#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1164#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1165#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1166#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1167#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1168#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1169#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1170#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1171#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1172#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1173#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1174#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1175#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1176#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1177#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1178#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1179#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1180#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1181#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1182#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1183#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1184#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1185#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1186#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1187#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
1188#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
1189
1190/* deprecated names */
1191#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1192#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1193#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1194
1195
1196/*
1197** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1198**
1199** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1200** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1201** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1202** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1203**
1204** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1205*/
1206typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1207
1208/*
1209** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1210**
1211** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1212** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1213** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1214** on some platforms.
1215*/
1216typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1217
1218/*
1219** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1220**
1221** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1222** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1223** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1224** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1225**
1226** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1227** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1228** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1229** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1230** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1231** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1232** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1233** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1234** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1235** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1236** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1237** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1238**
1239** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1240** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1241** a pathname in this VFS.
1242**
1243** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1244** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1245** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1246** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1247** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1248** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1249**
1250** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1251** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1252** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1253** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1254** object once the object has been registered.
1255**
1256** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1257** be unique across all VFS modules.
1258**
1259** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1260** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1261** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1262** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1263** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1264** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1265** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1266** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1267** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1268** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1269** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1270** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1271** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1272** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1273** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1274** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1275**
1276** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1277** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1278** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1279** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1280** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1281** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1282**
1283** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1284** call, depending on the object being opened:
1285**
1286** <ul>
1287** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1288** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1289** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1290** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1291** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1292** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1293** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1294** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1295** </ul>)^
1296**
1297** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1298** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1299** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1300** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1301** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1302** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1303** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1304** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1305**
1306** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1307**
1308** <ul>
1309** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1310** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1311** </ul>
1312**
1313** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1314** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1315** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1316** databases, and subjournals.
1317**
1318** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1319** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1320** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1321** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1322** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1323** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1324** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1325** for exclusive access.
1326**
1327** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1328** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1329** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1330** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1331** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1332** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1333** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1334** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1335** or failure of the xOpen call.
1336**
1337** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1338** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1339** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1340** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1341** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1342** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1343** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1344** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1345** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1346** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1347** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1348** whether or not the file is accessible.
1349**
1350** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1351** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1352** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1353** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1354** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1355** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1356**
1357** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1358** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1359** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1360** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1361** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1362** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1363** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1364** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1365** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1366** a floating point value.
1367** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1368** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1369** a 24-hour day).
1370** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1371** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1372** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1373** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1374**
1375** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1376** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1377** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1378** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1379** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1380** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1381** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1382** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1383** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1384** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1385** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1386*/
1387typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1388typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1389struct sqlite3_vfs {
1390  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1391  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1392  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1393  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1394  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1395  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1396  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1397               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1398  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1399  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1400  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1401  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1402  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1403  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1404  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1405  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1406  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1407  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1408  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1409  /*
1410  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1411  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1412  */
1413  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1414  /*
1415  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1416  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1417  */
1418  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1419  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1420  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1421  /*
1422  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1423  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1424  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1425  */
1426};
1427
1428/*
1429** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1430**
1431** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1432** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1433** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1434** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1435** simply checks whether the file exists.
1436** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1437** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1438** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1439** the directory).
1440** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1441** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1442** release of SQLite.
1443** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1444** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1445** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1446** SQLite.
1447*/
1448#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1449#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1450#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1451
1452/*
1453** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1454**
1455** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1456** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1457** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1458** xShmLock method:
1459**
1460** <ul>
1461** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1462** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1463** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1464** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1465** </ul>
1466**
1467** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1468** was given on the corresponding lock.
1469**
1470** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1471** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1472** and EXCLUSIVE.
1473*/
1474#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1475#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1476#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1477#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1478
1479/*
1480** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1481**
1482** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1483** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1484** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1485** lock outside of this range
1486*/
1487#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1488
1489
1490/*
1491** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1492**
1493** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1494** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1495** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1496** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1497** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1498** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1499**
1500** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1501** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1502** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1503** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1504** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1505** are harmless no-ops.)^
1506**
1507** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1508** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1509** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1510** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1511**
1512** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1513** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1514** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1515** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1516** sqlite3_shutdown().
1517**
1518** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1519** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1520** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1521**
1522** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1523** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1524** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1525** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1526**
1527** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1528** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1529** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1530** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1531** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1532** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1533** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1534** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1535** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1536** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1537** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1538** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1539** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1540** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1541**
1542** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1543** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1544** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1545** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1546** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1547** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1548** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1549**
1550** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1551** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1552** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1553** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1554** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1555** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1556** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1557** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1558** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1559** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1560** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1561** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1562** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1563** failure.
1564*/
1565int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1566int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1567int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1568int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1569
1570/*
1571** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1572**
1573** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1574** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1575** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1576** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1577** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1578**
1579** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1580** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1581** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1582**
1583** The sqlite3_config() interface
1584** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1585** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1586** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1587** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1588** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1589** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1590**
1591** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1592** [configuration option] that determines
1593** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1594** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1595** in the first argument.
1596**
1597** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1598** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1599** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1600*/
1601int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1602
1603/*
1604** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1605** METHOD: sqlite3
1606**
1607** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1608** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1609** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1610** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1611**
1612** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1613** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1614** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1615** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1616**
1617** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1618** the call is considered successful.
1619*/
1620int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1621
1622/*
1623** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1624**
1625** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1626** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1627**
1628** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1629** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1630** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1631** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1632** By creating an instance of this object
1633** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1634** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1635** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1636** dynamic memory needs.
1637**
1638** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1639** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1640** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1641** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1642** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1643** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1644** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1645** conditions.
1646**
1647** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1648** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1649** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1650** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1651**
1652** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1653** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1654** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1655**
1656** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1657** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1658** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1659** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1660** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1661** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1662** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1663**
1664** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1665** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1666** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1667** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1668** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1669** xInit and xShutdown.
1670**
1671** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1672** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1673** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1674** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1675** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1676** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1677** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1678** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1679** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1680** serialization.
1681**
1682** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1683** call to xShutdown().
1684*/
1685typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1686struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1687  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1688  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1689  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1690  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1691  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1692  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1693  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1694  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1695};
1696
1697/*
1698** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1699** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1700**
1701** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1702** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1703**
1704** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1705** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1706** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1707** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1708** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1709** is invoked.
1710**
1711** <dl>
1712** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1713** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1714** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1715** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1716** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1717** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1718** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1719** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1720** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1721** configuration option.</dd>
1722**
1723** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1724** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1725** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1726** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1727** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1728** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1729** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1730** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1731** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1732** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1733** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1734** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1735** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1736**
1737** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1738** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1739** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1740** all mutexes including the recursive
1741** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1742** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1743** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1744** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1745** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1746** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1747** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1748** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1749** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1750** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1751** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1752**
1753** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1754** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1755** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1756** The argument specifies
1757** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1758** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1759** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1760** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1761**
1762** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1763** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1764** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1765** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1766** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1767** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1768** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1769** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1770**
1771** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1772** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1773** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1774** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1775** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1776** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1777** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1778** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1779** </dd>
1780**
1781** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1782** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1783** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1784** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1785** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1786**   <ul>
1787**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1788**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1789**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1790**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1791**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1792**   </ul>)^
1793** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1794** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1795** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1796** </dd>
1797**
1798** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1799** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1800** </dd>
1801**
1802** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1803** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1804** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1805** cache implementation.
1806** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1807** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1808** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1809** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1810** and the number of cache lines (N).
1811** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1812** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1813** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1814** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1815** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1816** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1817** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1818** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1819** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1820** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1821** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1822** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1823** is exhausted.
1824** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1825** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1826** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1827** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1828** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1829** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1830** additional cache line. </dd>
1831**
1832** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1833** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1834** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1835** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1836** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1837** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1838** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1839** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1840** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1841** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1842** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1843** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1844** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1845** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1846** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1847** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1848** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1849** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1850** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1851**
1852** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1853** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1854** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1855** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1856** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1857** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1858** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1859** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1860** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1861** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1862** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1863**
1864** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1865** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1866** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1867** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1868** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1869** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1870** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1871** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1872** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1873** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1874** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1875** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1876**
1877** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1878** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1879** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1880** The first argument is the
1881** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1882** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1883** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1884** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1885** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1886**
1887** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1888** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1889** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1890** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1891** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1892**
1893** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1894** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1895** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1896** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1897**
1898** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1899** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1900** global [error log].
1901** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1902** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1903** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1904** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1905** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1906** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1907** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1908** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1909** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1910** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1911** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1912** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1913** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1914** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1915** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1916** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1917**
1918** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1919** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1920** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1921** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1922** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1923** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1924** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1925** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1926** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1927** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1928** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1929** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1930** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1931**
1932** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1933** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1934** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1935** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1936** ^The default setting is determined
1937** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1938** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1939** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1940** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1941** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1942** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1943** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1944**
1945** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1946** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1947** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1948** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1949** </dd>
1950**
1951** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1952** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1953** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1954** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1955** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1956** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1957** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1958** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1959** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1960** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1961** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1962** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1963** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1964** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1965** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1966** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1967**
1968** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1969** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1970** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1971** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1972** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1973** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1974** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1975** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1976** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1977** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1978** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1979** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1980** changed to its compile-time default.
1981**
1982** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1983** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1984** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1985** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1986** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1987** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1988**
1989** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1990** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1991** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1992** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1993** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1994** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1995** target platform, and SQLite version.
1996**
1997** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1998** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1999** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
2000** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
2001** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
2002** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
2003** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
2004** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
2005** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
2006** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
2007**
2008** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
2009** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
2010** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
2011** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
2012** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
2013** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
2014** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
2015** exclusively in memory.
2016** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
2017** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
2018** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2019** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2020** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2021**
2022** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2023** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2024** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2025** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2026** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2027** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2028** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2029** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2030** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2031** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2032** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2033** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2034** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
2035** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2036** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2037**
2038** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2039** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2040** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2041** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2042** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2043** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2044** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2045** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2046** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2047** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2048** </dl>
2049*/
2050#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2051#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2052#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2053#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2054#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2055#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2056#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2057#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2058#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2059#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2060#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2061/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2062#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2063#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2064#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2065#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2066#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2067#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2068#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2069#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2070#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2071#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2072#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2073#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2074#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2075#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2076#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2077#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2078#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2079
2080/*
2081** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2082**
2083** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2084** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2085**
2086** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2087** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2088** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2089** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2090** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2091** is invoked.
2092**
2093** <dl>
2094** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2095** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2096** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2097** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2098** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2099** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2100** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2101** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2102** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2103** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2104** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2105** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2106** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2107** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2108** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2109** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2110** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2111** when the "current value" returned by
2112** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2113** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2114** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2115** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2116**
2117** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2118** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2119** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2120** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2121** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2122** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2123** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2124** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2125** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2126** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2127**
2128** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2129** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2130** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2131** There should be two additional arguments.
2132** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2133** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2134** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2135** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2136** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2137** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2138**
2139** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2140** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2141** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2142** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2143** databases.)^ </dd>
2144**
2145** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2146** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2147** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2148** There should be two additional arguments.
2149** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2150** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2151** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2152** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2153** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2154** which case the view setting is not reported back.
2155**
2156** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
2157** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
2158** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2159** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2160** databases.)^ </dd>
2161**
2162** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2163** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2164** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2165** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2166** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2167** There should be two additional arguments.
2168** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2169** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2170** unchanged.
2171** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2172** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2173** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2174** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2175**
2176** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2177** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2178** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2179** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2180** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2181** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2182** There should be two additional arguments.
2183** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2184** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2185** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2186** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2187** C-API or the SQL function.
2188** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2189** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2190** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2191** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2192** </dd>
2193**
2194** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2195** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2196** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2197** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2198** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2199** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2200** until after the database connection closes.
2201** </dd>
2202**
2203** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2204** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2205** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2206** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2207** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2208** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2209** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2210** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2211** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2212** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2213** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2214** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2215** </dd>
2216**
2217** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2218** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2219** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2220** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2221** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2222** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2223** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2224** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2225** was used during testing in the lab.
2226** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2227** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2228** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2229** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2230** following this call.
2231** </dd>
2232**
2233** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2234** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2235** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2236** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2237** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2238** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2239** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2240** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2241** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2242** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2243** </dd>
2244**
2245** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2246** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2247** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2248** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2249** a badly corrupted database file:
2250** <ol>
2251** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2252**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2253**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2254**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2255**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2256**      the reset.
2257** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2258** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2259** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2260** </ol>
2261** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2262** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2263** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2264**
2265** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2266** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2267** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2268** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2269** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2270** features include but are not limited to the following:
2271** <ul>
2272** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2273** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2274** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2275** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2276** </ul>
2277** </dd>
2278**
2279** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2280** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2281** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2282** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2283** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2284** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2285** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2286** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2287** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2288** </dd>
2289**
2290** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2291** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2292** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2293** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2294** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2295** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2296** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2297** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2298** </dd>
2299**
2300** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2301** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2302** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2303** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2304** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2305** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2306** compile-time option.
2307** </dd>
2308**
2309** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2310** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2311** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2312** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2313** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2314** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2315** compile-time option.
2316** </dd>
2317**
2318** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2319** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
2320** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2321** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2322** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2323** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2324** including:
2325** <ul>
2326** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2327** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2328** partial indexes, or generated columns
2329** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2330** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2331** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2332** </ul>
2333** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2334** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2335** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2336** </dd>
2337**
2338** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2339** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2340** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2341** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2342** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2343** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2344** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2345** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2346** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2347** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2348** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2349** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2350** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2351** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2352** 3.0.0.
2353** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2354** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2355** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2356** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2357** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2358** </dd>
2359** </dl>
2360*/
2361#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2362#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2363#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2364#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2365#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2366#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2367#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2368#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2369#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2370#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2371#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2372#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2373#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2374#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2375#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2376#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2377#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2378#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2379#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2380
2381/*
2382** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2383** METHOD: sqlite3
2384**
2385** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2386** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2387** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2388*/
2389int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2390
2391/*
2392** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2393** METHOD: sqlite3
2394**
2395** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2396** has a unique 64-bit signed
2397** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2398** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2399** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2400** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2401** is another alias for the rowid.
2402**
2403** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2404** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2405** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2406** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2407** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2408** zero.
2409**
2410** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2411** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2412** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2413**
2414** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2415** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2416** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2417** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2418** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2419** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2420** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2421** control to the user.
2422**
2423** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2424** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2425** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2426** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2427**
2428** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2429** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2430** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2431** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2432** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2433** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2434** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2435** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2436** the return value of this interface.)^
2437**
2438** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2439** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2440**
2441** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2442** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2443**
2444** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2445** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2446** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2447** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2448** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2449** last insert [rowid].
2450*/
2451sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2452
2453/*
2454** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2455** METHOD: sqlite3
2456**
2457** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2458** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2459** without inserting a row into the database.
2460*/
2461void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2462
2463/*
2464** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2465** METHOD: sqlite3
2466**
2467** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2468** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2469** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2470** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2471** returned by this function.
2472**
2473** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2474** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2475** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2476**
2477** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2478** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2479** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2480** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2481** tables are counted.
2482**
2483** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2484** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2485** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2486** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2487**
2488** <ul>
2489**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2490**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2491**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2492**
2493**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2494**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2495**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2496**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2497**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2498** </ul>
2499**
2500** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2501** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2502** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2503** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2504** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2505** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2506**
2507** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2508** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2509** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2510**
2511** See also:
2512** <ul>
2513** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2514** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2515** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2516** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2517** </ul>
2518*/
2519int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2520
2521/*
2522** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2523** METHOD: sqlite3
2524**
2525** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2526** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2527** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2528** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2529** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2530**
2531** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2532** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2533** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2534** are not counted.
2535**
2536** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2537** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2538** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2539** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2540** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2541** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2542**
2543** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2544** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2545** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2546**
2547** See also:
2548** <ul>
2549** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2550** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2551** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2552** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2553** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2554** </ul>
2555*/
2556int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2557
2558/*
2559** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2560** METHOD: sqlite3
2561**
2562** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2563** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2564** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2565** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2566** immediately.
2567**
2568** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2569** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2570** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2571** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2572**
2573** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2574** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2575** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2576**
2577** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2578** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2579** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2580** will be rolled back automatically.
2581**
2582** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2583** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2584** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2585** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2586** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2587** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2588** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2589** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2590** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2591** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2592*/
2593void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2594
2595/*
2596** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2597**
2598** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2599** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2600** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2601** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2602** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2603** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2604** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2605** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2606** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2607** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2608** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2609**
2610** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2611** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2612**
2613** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2614** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2615**
2616** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2617** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2618** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2619** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2620** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2621**
2622** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2623** UTF-8 string.
2624**
2625** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2626** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2627*/
2628int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2629int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2630
2631/*
2632** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2633** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2634** METHOD: sqlite3
2635**
2636** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2637** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2638** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2639** [database connection] D when another thread
2640** or process has the table locked.
2641** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2642** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2643**
2644** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2645** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2646** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2647**
2648** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2649** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2650** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2651** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2652** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2653** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2654** to the application.
2655** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2656** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2657**
2658** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2659** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2660** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2661** to the application instead of invoking the
2662** busy handler.
2663** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2664** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2665** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2666** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2667** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2668** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2669** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2670** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2671** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2672** the second process to proceed.
2673**
2674** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2675**
2676** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2677** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2678** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2679** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2680** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2681**
2682** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2683** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2684** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2685** result in undefined behavior.
2686**
2687** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2688** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2689*/
2690int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2691
2692/*
2693** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2694** METHOD: sqlite3
2695**
2696** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2697** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2698** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2699** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2700** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2701** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2702**
2703** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2704** turns off all busy handlers.
2705**
2706** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2707** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2708** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2709** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2710**
2711** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2712*/
2713int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2714
2715/*
2716** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2717** METHOD: sqlite3
2718**
2719** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2720** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2721**
2722** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2723** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2724** complete query results from one or more queries.
2725**
2726** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2727** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2728** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2729** and M be the number of columns.
2730**
2731** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2732** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2733** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2734** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2735** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2736** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2737**
2738** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2739** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2740** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2741**
2742** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2743** is as follows:
2744**
2745** <blockquote><pre>
2746**        Name        | Age
2747**        -----------------------
2748**        Alice       | 43
2749**        Bob         | 28
2750**        Cindy       | 21
2751** </pre></blockquote>
2752**
2753** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2754** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2755** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2756**
2757** <blockquote><pre>
2758**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2759**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2760**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2761**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2762**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2763**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2764**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2765**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2766** </pre></blockquote>)^
2767**
2768** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2769** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2770** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2771** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2772**
2773** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2774** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2775** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2776** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2777** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2778** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2779**
2780** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2781** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2782** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2783** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2784** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2785** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2786** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2787*/
2788int sqlite3_get_table(
2789  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2790  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2791  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2792  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2793  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2794  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2795);
2796void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2797
2798/*
2799** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2800**
2801** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2802** from the standard C library.
2803** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2804** the standard library printf()
2805** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2806** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2807**
2808** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2809** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2810** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2811** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2812** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2813** memory to hold the resulting string.
2814**
2815** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2816** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2817** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2818** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2819** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2820** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2821** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2822** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2823** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2824** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2825** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2826** now without breaking compatibility.
2827**
2828** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2829** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2830** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2831** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2832** written will be n-1 characters.
2833**
2834** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2835**
2836** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2837*/
2838char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2839char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2840char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2841char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2842
2843/*
2844** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2845**
2846** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2847** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2848** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
2849** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2850**
2851** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2852** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2853** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2854** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2855** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2856** a NULL pointer.
2857**
2858** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2859** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2860** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2861**
2862** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2863** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2864** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2865** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2866** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2867** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2868** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2869** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2870** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2871** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2872**
2873** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2874** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2875** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2876** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2877** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2878** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2879** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2880** sqlite3_free(X).
2881** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2882** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2883** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2884** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2885** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2886** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2887** prior allocation is not freed.
2888**
2889** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2890** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2891** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2892**
2893** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2894** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2895** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2896** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2897** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2898** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2899** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2900** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2901** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2902**
2903** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2904** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2905** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2906** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2907** option is used.
2908**
2909** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2910** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2911** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2912** not yet been released.
2913**
2914** The application must not read or write any part of
2915** a block of memory after it has been released using
2916** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2917*/
2918void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2919void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2920void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2921void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2922void sqlite3_free(void*);
2923sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2924
2925/*
2926** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2927**
2928** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2929** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2930** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2931**
2932** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2933** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2934** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2935** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2936** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2937** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2938** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2939** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2940** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2941**
2942** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2943** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2944** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2945** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2946** prior to the reset.
2947*/
2948sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2949sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2950
2951/*
2952** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2953**
2954** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2955** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2956** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2957** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2958** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2959**
2960** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2961** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2962**
2963** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2964** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2965** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2966** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2967** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2968** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2969** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2970** method.
2971*/
2972void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2973
2974/*
2975** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2976** METHOD: sqlite3
2977** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2978**
2979** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2980** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2981** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2982** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2983** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2984** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2985** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2986** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2987** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2988** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2989** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2990** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2991** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2992** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2993** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2994** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2995**
2996** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2997** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2998** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2999** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
3000** access is denied.
3001**
3002** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
3003** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
3004** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
3005** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
3006** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
3007** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
3008** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
3009** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
3010**
3011** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
3012** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
3013** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
3014** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
3015** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
3016** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
3017** columns of a table.
3018** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
3019** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
3020** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
3021** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
3022** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
3023** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
3024** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3025**
3026** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3027** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3028** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3029** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3030** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3031** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3032** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3033** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3034** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3035** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3036**
3037** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3038** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3039** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3040** in addition to using an authorizer.
3041**
3042** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3043** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3044** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3045** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3046**
3047** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3048** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3049** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3050** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3051**
3052** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3053** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3054** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3055** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3056**
3057** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3058** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3059** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3060** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3061** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3062*/
3063int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3064  sqlite3*,
3065  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3066  void *pUserData
3067);
3068
3069/*
3070** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3071**
3072** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3073** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3074** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3075** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3076** information.
3077**
3078** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3079** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3080*/
3081#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3082#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3083
3084/*
3085** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3086**
3087** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3088** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3089** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3090** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3091** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3092**
3093** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3094** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3095** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3096** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3097** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3098** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3099** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3100** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3101** top-level SQL code.
3102*/
3103/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3104#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3105#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3106#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3107#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3108#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3109#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3110#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3111#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3112#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3113#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3114#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3115#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3116#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3117#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3118#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3119#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3120#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3121#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3122#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3123#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3124#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3125#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3126#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3127#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3128#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3129#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3130#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3131#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3132#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3133#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3134#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3135#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3136#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3137#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3138
3139/*
3140** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3141** METHOD: sqlite3
3142**
3143** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3144** instead of the routines described here.
3145**
3146** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3147** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3148**
3149** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3150** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3151** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3152** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3153** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3154** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3155** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3156**
3157** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3158** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3159**
3160** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3161** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3162** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3163** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3164** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3165** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3166** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3167** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3168** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3169** profile callback.
3170*/
3171SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3172   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3173SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3174   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3175
3176/*
3177** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3178** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3179**
3180** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3181** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3182** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3183** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3184** is one of the following constants.
3185**
3186** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3187**
3188** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3189** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3190** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3191** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3192** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3193**
3194** <dl>
3195** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3196** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3197** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3198** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3199** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3200** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3201** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3202** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3203** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3204** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3205** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3206**
3207** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3208** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3209** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3210** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3211** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3212** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3213** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3214**
3215** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3216** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3217** statement generates a single row of result.
3218** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3219** X argument is unused.
3220**
3221** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3222** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3223** connection closes.
3224** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3225** and the X argument is unused.
3226** </dl>
3227*/
3228#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3229#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3230#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3231#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3232
3233/*
3234** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3235** METHOD: sqlite3
3236**
3237** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3238** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3239** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3240** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3241** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3242** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3243**
3244** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3245** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3246**
3247** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3248** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3249** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3250** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3251**
3252** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3253** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3254** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3255** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3256** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3257**
3258** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3259** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3260** are deprecated.
3261*/
3262int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3263  sqlite3*,
3264  unsigned uMask,
3265  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3266  void *pCtx
3267);
3268
3269/*
3270** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3271** METHOD: sqlite3
3272**
3273** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3274** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3275** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3276** database connection D.  An example use for this
3277** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3278**
3279** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3280** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3281** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3282** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3283** handler is disabled.
3284**
3285** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3286** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3287** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3288** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3289** than 1.
3290**
3291** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3292** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3293** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3294**
3295** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3296** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3297** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3298** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3299**
3300*/
3301void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3302
3303/*
3304** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3305** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3306**
3307** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3308** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3309** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3310** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3311** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3312** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3313** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3314** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3315** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3316** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3317** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3318** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3319**
3320** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3321** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3322** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3323**
3324** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3325** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3326** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3327**
3328** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3329** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3330** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3331** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3332** three flag combinations:)^
3333**
3334** <dl>
3335** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3336** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3337** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3338**
3339** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3340** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3341** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3342** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3343**
3344** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3345** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3346** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3347** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3348** </dl>
3349**
3350** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3351** also supported:
3352**
3353** <dl>
3354** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3355** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3356**
3357** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3358** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3359** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3360** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3361** </dd>)^
3362**
3363** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3364** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3365** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3366** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3367** a different [database connection].
3368**
3369** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3370** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3371** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3372** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3373** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3374** there is no harm in trying.)
3375**
3376** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3377** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3378** the default shared cache setting provided by
3379** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3380**
3381** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3382** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3383** the default shared cache setting provided by
3384** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3385**
3386** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3387** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link</dd>
3388** </dl>)^
3389**
3390** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3391** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3392** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3393** then the behavior is undefined.
3394**
3395** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3396** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3397** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3398** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3399**
3400** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3401** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3402** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3403** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3404** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3405** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3406** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3407**
3408** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3409** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3410** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3411**
3412** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3413**
3414** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3415** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3416** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3417** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3418** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3419** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3420** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3421** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3422** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3423** information.
3424**
3425** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3426** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3427** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3428** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3429** present, is ignored.
3430**
3431** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3432** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3433** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3434** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3435** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3436** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3437** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3438**
3439** [[core URI query parameters]]
3440** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3441** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3442** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3443** following query parameters:
3444**
3445** <ul>
3446**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3447**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3448**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3449**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3450**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3451**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3452**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3453**
3454**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3455**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3456**     an error)^.
3457**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3458**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3459**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3460**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3461**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3462**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3463**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3464**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3465**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3466**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3467**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3468**
3469**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3470**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3471**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3472**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3473**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3474**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3475**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3476**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3477**
3478**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3479**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3480**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3481**
3482**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3483**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3484**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3485**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3486**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3487**     processes uses nolock=1.
3488**
3489**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3490**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3491**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3492**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3493**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3494**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3495**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3496**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3497**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3498**
3499** </ul>
3500**
3501** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3502** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3503** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3504** additional information.
3505**
3506** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3507**
3508** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3509** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3510** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3511**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3512** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3513**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3514**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3515**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3516** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3517**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3518** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3519**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3520**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3521**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3522**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3523**          in URI filenames.
3524** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3525**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3526**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3527**          default, use a private cache.
3528** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3529**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3530**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3531** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3532**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3533**          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3534** </table>
3535**
3536** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3537** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3538** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3539** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3540** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3541** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3542** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3543** the results are undefined.
3544**
3545** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3546** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3547** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3548** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3549** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3550**
3551** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3552** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3553** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3554**
3555** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3556*/
3557int sqlite3_open(
3558  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3559  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3560);
3561int sqlite3_open16(
3562  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3563  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3564);
3565int sqlite3_open_v2(
3566  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3567  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3568  int flags,              /* Flags */
3569  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3570);
3571
3572/*
3573** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3574**
3575** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3576** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3577** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3578**
3579** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3580** as F) must be one of:
3581** <ul>
3582** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3583** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
3584** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3585** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3586** </ul>
3587** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3588** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3589** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3590**
3591** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3592** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3593** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3594** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3595** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3596** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3597** a pointer to an empty string.
3598**
3599** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3600** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3601** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3602** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3603** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3604** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3605** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3606** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3607** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3608** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3609**
3610** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3611** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3612** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3613** zero is returned.
3614**
3615** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3616** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3617** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3618** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
3619** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
3620** so forth.
3621**
3622** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3623** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3624** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
3625** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
3626** and probably undesirable.
3627**
3628** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
3629** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
3630** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
3631** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
3632** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
3633** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
3634** main database file.
3635**
3636** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3637*/
3638const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3639int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3640sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3641const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N);
3642
3643/*
3644** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
3645**
3646** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
3647** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
3648** and the WAL file.
3649**
3650** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3651** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
3652** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
3653**
3654** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3655** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
3656** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
3657** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
3658**
3659** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3660** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
3661** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
3662** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
3663** WAL file.
3664**
3665** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
3666** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
3667** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
3668** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
3669*/
3670const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char*);
3671const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char*);
3672const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char*);
3673
3674/*
3675** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
3676**
3677** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
3678** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
3679** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
3680** object that represents the main database file.
3681**
3682** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
3683** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
3684** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
3685** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
3686** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
3687** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
3688** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
3689** behavior.
3690*/
3691sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
3692
3693/*
3694** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
3695**
3696** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
3697** are not useful outside of that context.
3698**
3699** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
3700** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
3701** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
3702** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
3703** is safe to pass to routines like:
3704** <ul>
3705** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
3706** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
3707** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
3708** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
3709** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
3710** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
3711** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
3712** </ul>
3713** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
3714** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
3715** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3716**
3717** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
3718** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
3719** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
3720** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
3721** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
3722** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
3723** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
3724**
3725** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
3726** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
3727** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3728**
3729** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
3730** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
3731** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
3732** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
3733** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
3734** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
3735** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
3736** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3737*/
3738char *sqlite3_create_filename(
3739  const char *zDatabase,
3740  const char *zJournal,
3741  const char *zWal,
3742  int nParam,
3743  const char **azParam
3744);
3745void sqlite3_free_filename(char*);
3746
3747/*
3748** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3749** METHOD: sqlite3
3750**
3751** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3752** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3753** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3754** API call.
3755** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3756** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3757** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3758** disabled.
3759**
3760** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3761** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3762** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3763** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3764** interfaces are:
3765**
3766** <ul>
3767** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3768** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3769** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3770** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3771** </ul>
3772**
3773** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3774** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3775** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3776** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3777** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3778** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3779**
3780** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3781** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3782** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3783** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3784**
3785** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3786** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3787** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3788** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3789** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3790** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3791** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3792** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3793** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3794**
3795** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3796** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3797** error code and message may or may not be set.
3798*/
3799int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3800int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3801const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3802const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3803const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3804
3805/*
3806** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3807** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3808**
3809** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3810** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3811**
3812** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3813** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3814** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3815** prepared statement before it can be run.
3816**
3817** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3818**
3819** <ol>
3820** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3821** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3822**      interfaces.
3823** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3824** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3825**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3826** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3827** </ol>
3828*/
3829typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3830
3831/*
3832** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3833** METHOD: sqlite3
3834**
3835** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3836** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3837** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3838** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3839** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3840** new limit for that construct.)^
3841**
3842** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3843** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3844** [limits | hard upper bound]
3845** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3846** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3847** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3848** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3849** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3850**
3851** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3852** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3853** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3854** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3855**
3856** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3857** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3858** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3859** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3860** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3861** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3862** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3863** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3864** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3865** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3866** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3867** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3868**
3869** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3870*/
3871int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3872
3873/*
3874** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3875** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3876**
3877** These constants define various performance limits
3878** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3879** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3880** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3881**
3882** <dl>
3883** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3884** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3885**
3886** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3887** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3888**
3889** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3890** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3891** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3892** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3893**
3894** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3895** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3896**
3897** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3898** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3899**
3900** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3901** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3902** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3903** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3904** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3905**
3906** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3907** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3908**
3909** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3910** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3911**
3912** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3913** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3914** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3915** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3916**
3917** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3918** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3919** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3920**
3921** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3922** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3923**
3924** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3925** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3926** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3927** </dl>
3928*/
3929#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3930#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3931#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3932#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3933#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3934#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3935#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3936#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3937#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3938#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3939#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3940#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3941
3942/*
3943** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3944**
3945** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3946** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3947** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3948**
3949** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3950**
3951** <dl>
3952** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3953** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3954** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3955** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3956** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3957** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3958** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3959** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3960** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3961** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3962**
3963** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3964** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
3965** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
3966** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
3967** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
3968** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
3969** flag.
3970**
3971** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
3972** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
3973** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
3974** any virtual tables.
3975** </dl>
3976*/
3977#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3978#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3979#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
3980
3981/*
3982** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3983** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3984** METHOD: sqlite3
3985** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3986**
3987** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3988** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3989** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3990**
3991** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3992** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3993** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3994** for special purposes.
3995**
3996** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3997** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3998** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3999** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
4000**
4001** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
4002** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
4003** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
4004**
4005** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
4006** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
4007** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
4008** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4009** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
4010**
4011** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
4012** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
4013** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
4014** statement is generated.
4015** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
4016** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
4017** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
4018** the nul-terminator.
4019**
4020** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
4021** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
4022** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
4023** what remains uncompiled.
4024**
4025** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4026** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4027** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4028** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4029** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4030** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4031** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4032**
4033** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4034** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4035**
4036** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4037** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4038** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4039** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4040** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4041** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4042** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4043** behave differently in three ways:
4044**
4045** <ol>
4046** <li>
4047** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4048** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4049** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4050** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4051** </li>
4052**
4053** <li>
4054** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4055** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4056** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4057** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4058** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4059** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4060** </li>
4061**
4062** <li>
4063** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4064** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4065** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4066** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4067** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4068** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4069** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4070** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4071** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4072** </li>
4073** </ol>
4074**
4075** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4076** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4077** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4078** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4079** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4080*/
4081int sqlite3_prepare(
4082  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4083  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4084  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4085  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4086  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4087);
4088int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4089  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4090  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4091  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4092  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4093  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4094);
4095int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4096  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4097  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4098  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4099  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4100  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4101  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4102);
4103int sqlite3_prepare16(
4104  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4105  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4106  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4107  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4108  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4109);
4110int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4111  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4112  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4113  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4114  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4115  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4116);
4117int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4118  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4119  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4120  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4121  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4122  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4123  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4124);
4125
4126/*
4127** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4128** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4129**
4130** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4131** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4132** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4133** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4134** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4135** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4136** [bound parameters] expanded.
4137** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4138** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4139** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4140** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4141** placeholders.
4142**
4143** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4144** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4145** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4146** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4147** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4148**
4149** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4150** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4151** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4152**
4153** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4154** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4155** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4156**
4157** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4158** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4159** statement is finalized.
4160** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4161** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
4162** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4163*/
4164const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4165char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4166const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4167
4168/*
4169** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4170** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4171**
4172** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4173** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4174** the content of the database file.
4175**
4176** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4177** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4178** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4179** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4180** change the database file through side-effects:
4181**
4182** <blockquote><pre>
4183**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4184** </pre></blockquote>
4185**
4186** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4187** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4188**
4189** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4190** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4191** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4192** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4193** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4194** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4195** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4196** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4197** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4198** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4199** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4200** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4201*/
4202int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4203
4204/*
4205** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4206** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4207**
4208** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4209** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4210** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4211** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4212** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4213*/
4214int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4215
4216/*
4217** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4218** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4219**
4220** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4221** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4222** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4223** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4224** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4225** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4226** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4227** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4228**
4229** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4230** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4231** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4232** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4233** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4234*/
4235int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4236
4237/*
4238** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4239** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4240**
4241** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4242** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4243** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4244** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4245**
4246** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4247** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4248** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4249** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4250** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4251** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4252** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4253**
4254** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4255** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4256** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4257** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4258** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4259** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4260** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4261** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4262** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4263** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4264** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4265** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4266**
4267** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4268** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4269** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4270** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4271** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4272** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4273** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4274** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4275** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4276*/
4277typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4278
4279/*
4280** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4281**
4282** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4283** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4284** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4285** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4286** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4287** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4288** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4289** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4290*/
4291typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4292
4293/*
4294** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4295** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4296** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4297** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4298**
4299** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4300** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4301** templates:
4302**
4303** <ul>
4304** <li>  ?
4305** <li>  ?NNN
4306** <li>  :VVV
4307** <li>  @VVV
4308** <li>  $VVV
4309** </ul>
4310**
4311** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4312** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4313** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4314** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4315**
4316** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4317** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4318** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4319**
4320** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4321** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4322** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4323** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4324** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4325** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4326** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4327** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4328** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4329**
4330** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4331** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4332** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4333** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4334** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4335** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4336** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4337** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4338** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4339** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4340** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4341** otherwise.
4342**
4343** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4344** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4345** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4346** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4347** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4348** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4349** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4350** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4351** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4352**
4353** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4354** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4355** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4356** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4357** is negative, then the length of the string is
4358** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4359** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4360** the behavior is undefined.
4361** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4362** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4363** that parameter must be the byte offset
4364** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4365** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
4366** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4367** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4368** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4369**
4370** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
4371** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
4372** ^These three options exist:
4373** ^(1) A destructor to dispose of the BLOB or string after SQLite has finished
4374** with it may be passed. ^It is called to dispose of the BLOB or string even
4375** if the call to the bind API fails, except the destructor is not called if
4376** the third parameter is a NULL pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4377** ^(2) The special constant, [SQLITE_STATIC], may be passsed to indicate that
4378** the application remains responsible for disposing of the object. ^In this
4379** case, the object and the provided pointer to it must remain valid until
4380** either the prepared statement is finalized or the same SQL parameter is
4381** bound to something else, whichever occurs sooner.
4382** ^(3) The constant, [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], may be passed to indicate that the
4383** object is to be copied prior to the return from sqlite3_bind_*(). ^The
4384** object and pointer to it must remain valid until then. ^SQLite will then
4385** manage the lifetime of its private copy.
4386**
4387** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4388** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4389** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4390** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4391** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4392** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4393** is undefined.
4394**
4395** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4396** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4397** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4398** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4399** content is later written using
4400** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4401** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4402**
4403** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4404** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4405** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4406** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4407** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4408** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4409** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4410** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4411**
4412** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4413** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4414** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4415** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4416** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4417** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4418**
4419** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4420** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4421**
4422** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4423** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4424** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4425** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4426** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4427** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4428** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4429**
4430** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4431** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4432*/
4433int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4434int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4435                        void(*)(void*));
4436int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4437int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4438int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4439int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4440int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4441int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4442int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4443                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4444int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4445int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4446int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4447int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4448
4449/*
4450** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4451** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4452**
4453** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4454** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4455** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4456** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4457** to the parameters at a later time.
4458**
4459** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4460** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4461** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4462** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4463**
4464** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4465** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4466** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4467*/
4468int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4469
4470/*
4471** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4472** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4473**
4474** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4475** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4476** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4477** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4478** respectively.
4479** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4480** is included as part of the name.)^
4481** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4482** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4483**
4484** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4485**
4486** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4487** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4488** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4489** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4490** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4491**
4492** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4493** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4494** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4495*/
4496const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4497
4498/*
4499** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4500** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4501**
4502** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4503** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4504** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4505** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4506** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4507** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4508** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4509**
4510** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4511** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4512** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4513*/
4514int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4515
4516/*
4517** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4518** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4519**
4520** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4521** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4522** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4523*/
4524int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4525
4526/*
4527** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4528** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4529**
4530** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4531** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4532** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4533** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4534** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4535** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4536** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4537**
4538** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4539*/
4540int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4541
4542/*
4543** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4544** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4545**
4546** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4547** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4548** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4549** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4550** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4551** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4552** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4553**
4554** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4555** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4556** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4557** or until the next call to
4558** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4559**
4560** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4561** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4562** NULL pointer is returned.
4563**
4564** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4565** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4566** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4567** one release of SQLite to the next.
4568*/
4569const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4570const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4571
4572/*
4573** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4574** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4575**
4576** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4577** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4578** [SELECT] statement.
4579** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4580** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4581** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4582** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4583** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4584** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4585** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4586** or until the same information is requested
4587** again in a different encoding.
4588**
4589** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4590** database, table, and column.
4591**
4592** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4593** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4594** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4595** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4596**
4597** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4598** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4599** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4600** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4601** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4602**
4603** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4604** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4605**
4606** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4607** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4608**
4609** If two or more threads call one or more
4610** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4611** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4612** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4613*/
4614const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4615const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4616const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4617const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4618const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4619const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4620
4621/*
4622** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4623** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4624**
4625** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4626** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4627** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4628** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4629** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4630** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4631** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4632**
4633** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4634**
4635** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4636**
4637** and the following statement to be compiled:
4638**
4639** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4640**
4641** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4642** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4643**
4644** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4645** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4646** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4647** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4648** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4649** used to hold those values.
4650*/
4651const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4652const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4653
4654/*
4655** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4656** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4657**
4658** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4659** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4660** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4661** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4662** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4663**
4664** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4665** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4666** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4667** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4668** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4669** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4670** interface will continue to be supported.
4671**
4672** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4673** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4674** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4675** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4676**
4677** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4678** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4679** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4680** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4681** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4682** continuing.
4683**
4684** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4685** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4686** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4687** machine back to its initial state.
4688**
4689** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4690** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4691** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4692** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4693**
4694** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4695** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4696** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4697** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4698** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4699** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4700** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4701** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4702**
4703** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4704** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4705** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4706** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4707** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4708** more threads at the same moment in time.
4709**
4710** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4711** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4712** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4713** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4714** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4715** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4716** sqlite3_step() began
4717** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4718** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4719** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4720** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4721** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4722**
4723** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4724** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4725** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4726** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4727** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4728** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4729** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4730** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4731** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4732** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4733** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4734** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4735*/
4736int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4737
4738/*
4739** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4740** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4741**
4742** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4743** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4744** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4745** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4746** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4747** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4748** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4749** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4750** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4751** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4752** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4753** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4754**
4755** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4756*/
4757int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4758
4759/*
4760** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4761** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4762**
4763** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4764**
4765** <ul>
4766** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4767** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4768** <li> string
4769** <li> BLOB
4770** <li> NULL
4771** </ul>)^
4772**
4773** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4774**
4775** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4776** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4777** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4778** SQLITE_TEXT.
4779*/
4780#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4781#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4782#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4783#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4784#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4785# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4786#else
4787# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4788#endif
4789#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4790
4791/*
4792** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4793** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4794** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4795**
4796** <b>Summary:</b>
4797** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4798** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4799** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4800** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4801** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4802** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4803** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4804** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4805** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4806** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4807** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4808** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4809** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4810** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4811** TEXT in bytes
4812** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4813** datatype of the result
4814** </table></blockquote>
4815**
4816** <b>Details:</b>
4817**
4818** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4819** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4820** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4821** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4822** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4823** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4824** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4825** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4826**
4827** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4828** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4829** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4830** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4831** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4832** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4833** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4834** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4835** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4836** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4837** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4838**
4839** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4840** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4841** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4842** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4843** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4844**
4845** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4846** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4847** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4848** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4849** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4850** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4851** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4852** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4853** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4854** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4855** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4856** following a type conversion.
4857**
4858** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4859** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4860** of that BLOB or string.
4861**
4862** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4863** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4864** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4865** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4866** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4867** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4868** the number of bytes in that string.
4869** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4870**
4871** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4872** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4873** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4874** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4875** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4876** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4877** the number of bytes in that string.
4878** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4879**
4880** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4881** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4882** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4883** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4884** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4885**
4886** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4887** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4888** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4889**
4890** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4891** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4892** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4893** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4894** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4895** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4896** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4897** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4898** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4899** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4900** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4901** top-level application code.
4902**
4903** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4904** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4905** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4906** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4907** that are applied:
4908**
4909** <blockquote>
4910** <table border="1">
4911** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4912**
4913** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4914** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4915** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4916** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4917** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4918** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4919** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4920** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4921** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4922** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4923** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4924** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4925** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4926** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4927** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4928** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4929** </table>
4930** </blockquote>)^
4931**
4932** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4933** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4934** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4935** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4936** in the following cases:
4937**
4938** <ul>
4939** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4940**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4941**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4942** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4943**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4944**      to UTF-16.</li>
4945** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4946**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4947**      to UTF-8.</li>
4948** </ul>
4949**
4950** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4951** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4952** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4953** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4954** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4955**
4956** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4957** in one of the following ways:
4958**
4959** <ul>
4960**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4961**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4962**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4963** </ul>
4964**
4965** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4966** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4967** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4968** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4969** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4970** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4971** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4972**
4973** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4974** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4975** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4976** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4977** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4978** [sqlite3_free()].
4979**
4980** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4981** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4982** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4983** errors:
4984**
4985** <ul>
4986** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4987** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4988** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4989** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4990** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4991** </ul>
4992**
4993** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4994** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4995** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4996** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4997** return value is obtained and before any
4998** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4999*/
5000const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5001double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5002int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5003sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5004const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5005const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5006sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5007int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5008int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5009int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5010
5011/*
5012** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
5013** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
5014**
5015** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
5016** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
5017** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
5018** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
5019** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
5020** [extended error code].
5021**
5022** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
5023** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
5024** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
5025** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
5026** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
5027** completed execution.
5028**
5029** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5030**
5031** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5032** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5033** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5034** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5035** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5036*/
5037int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5038
5039/*
5040** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5041** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5042**
5043** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5044** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5045** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5046** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5047** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5048**
5049** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5050** back to the beginning of its program.
5051**
5052** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5053** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
5054** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
5055** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
5056**
5057** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5058** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5059** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5060**
5061** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5062** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5063*/
5064int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5065
5066/*
5067** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5068** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5069** METHOD: sqlite3
5070**
5071** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5072** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5073** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5074** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5075** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5076** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5077** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5078** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5079** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5080**
5081** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5082** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5083** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5084** to each database connection separately.
5085**
5086** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5087** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5088** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5089** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5090** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5091** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5092**
5093** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5094** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5095** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5096** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5097** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5098** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5099** undefined.
5100**
5101** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5102** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5103** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5104** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5105** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5106** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5107** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5108** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5109** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5110** each encoding.
5111** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5112** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5113**
5114** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5115** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5116** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5117** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5118** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5119** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5120** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5121**
5122** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5123** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5124** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5125** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5126**
5127** <span style="background-color:#ffff90;">
5128** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5129** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5130** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5131** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
5132** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5133** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5134** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5135** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5136** the database file is opened and read.
5137** </span>
5138**
5139** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5140** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5141**
5142** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5143** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5144** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5145** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5146** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5147** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5148** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5149** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5150** callbacks.
5151**
5152** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5153** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5154** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5155** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5156** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5157** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5158** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5159** of aggregate window functions are
5160** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5161**
5162** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5163** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
5164** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5165** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5166** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5167** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5168** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5169** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5170**
5171** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5172** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5173** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5174** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5175** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5176** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5177** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5178** matches the database encoding is a better
5179** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5180** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5181** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5182** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5183**
5184** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5185**
5186** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5187** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5188** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5189** statement in which the function is running.
5190*/
5191int sqlite3_create_function(
5192  sqlite3 *db,
5193  const char *zFunctionName,
5194  int nArg,
5195  int eTextRep,
5196  void *pApp,
5197  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5198  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5199  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5200);
5201int sqlite3_create_function16(
5202  sqlite3 *db,
5203  const void *zFunctionName,
5204  int nArg,
5205  int eTextRep,
5206  void *pApp,
5207  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5208  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5209  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5210);
5211int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5212  sqlite3 *db,
5213  const char *zFunctionName,
5214  int nArg,
5215  int eTextRep,
5216  void *pApp,
5217  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5218  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5219  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5220  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5221);
5222int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5223  sqlite3 *db,
5224  const char *zFunctionName,
5225  int nArg,
5226  int eTextRep,
5227  void *pApp,
5228  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5229  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5230  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5231  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5232  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5233);
5234
5235/*
5236** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5237**
5238** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5239** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5240*/
5241#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5242#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5243#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5244#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5245#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5246#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5247
5248/*
5249** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5250**
5251** These constants may be ORed together with the
5252** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5253** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5254** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5255**
5256** <dl>
5257** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5258** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5259** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5260** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5261** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5262** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5263** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5264** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5265** out of inner loops.
5266** </dd>
5267**
5268** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5269** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5270** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5271** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5272** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5273** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
5274** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
5275** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
5276** information.
5277** </dd>
5278**
5279** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5280** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5281** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5282** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5283** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5284** innocuous function.
5285** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5286** side effects.
5287** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5288** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5289** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5290** <p>Some heightened security settings
5291** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5292** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5293** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5294** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5295** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5296** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5297** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5298** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5299** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5300** </dd>
5301**
5302** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5303** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5304** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5305** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5306** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5307** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5308** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5309** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5310** </dd>
5311** </dl>
5312*/
5313#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5314#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5315#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5316#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5317
5318/*
5319** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5320** DEPRECATED
5321**
5322** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5323** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5324** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5325** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5326** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5327*/
5328#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5329SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5330SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5331SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5332SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5333SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5334SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5335                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5336#endif
5337
5338/*
5339** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5340** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5341**
5342** <b>Summary:</b>
5343** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5344** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5345** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5346** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5347** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5348** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5349** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5350** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5351** the native byteorder
5352** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5353** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5354** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5355** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5356** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5357** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5358** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5359** TEXT in bytes
5360** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5361** datatype of the value
5362** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5363** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5364** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5365** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5366** against a virtual table.
5367** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5368** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5369** </table></blockquote>
5370**
5371** <b>Details:</b>
5372**
5373** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5374** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5375** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5376** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5377**
5378** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5379** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5380** is not threadsafe.
5381**
5382** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5383** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5384** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5385**
5386** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5387** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5388** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5389** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5390**
5391** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5392** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5393** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5394** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5395** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5396** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5397**
5398** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5399** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5400** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5401** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5402** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5403** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5404** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5405** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5406** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5407** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5408**
5409** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5410** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5411** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5412** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5413** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5414** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5415** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5416**
5417** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5418** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5419** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5420** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5421** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5422** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5423** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5424** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5425** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5426** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5427** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5428** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5429**
5430** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5431** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5432** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5433** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5434**
5435** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5436** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5437** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5438** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5439** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5440**
5441** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5442** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5443**
5444** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5445** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5446** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5447** errors:
5448**
5449** <ul>
5450** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5451** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5452** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5453** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5454** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5455** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5456** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5457** </ul>
5458**
5459** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5460** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5461** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5462** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5463** return value is obtained and before any
5464** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5465*/
5466const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5467double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5468int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5469sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5470void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5471const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5472const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5473const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5474const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5475int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5476int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5477int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5478int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5479int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5480int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5481
5482/*
5483** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5484** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5485**
5486** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5487** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5488** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5489** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5490** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5491*/
5492unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5493
5494/*
5495** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5496** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5497**
5498** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5499** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5500** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5501** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5502** memory allocation fails.
5503**
5504** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5505** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5506** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5507*/
5508sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5509void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5510
5511/*
5512** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5513** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5514**
5515** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5516** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5517**
5518** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5519** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5520** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5521** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5522** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5523** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5524** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5525** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5526** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5527** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5528** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5529** first time from within xFinal().)^
5530**
5531** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5532** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5533** allocate error occurs.
5534**
5535** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5536** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5537** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5538** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5539** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5540** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5541** pointless memory allocations occur.
5542**
5543** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5544** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5545**
5546** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5547** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5548** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5549** function.
5550**
5551** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5552** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5553*/
5554void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5555
5556/*
5557** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5558** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5559**
5560** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5561** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5562** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5563** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5564** registered the application defined function.
5565**
5566** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5567** the application-defined function is running.
5568*/
5569void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5570
5571/*
5572** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5573** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5574**
5575** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5576** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5577** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5578** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5579** registered the application defined function.
5580*/
5581sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5582
5583/*
5584** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5585** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5586**
5587** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5588** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5589** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5590** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5591** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5592** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5593** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5594** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5595** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5596** invocations of the same function.
5597**
5598** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5599** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5600** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5601** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5602** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5603** returns a NULL pointer.
5604**
5605** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5606** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5607** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5608** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5609** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5610** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5611** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5612** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5613** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5614** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5615** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5616**      SQL statement)^, or
5617** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5618**       parameter)^, or
5619** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5620**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5621**
5622** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5623** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5624** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5625** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5626** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5627** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5628**
5629** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5630** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5631** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5632**
5633** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5634** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5635** kinds of function caching behavior.
5636**
5637** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5638** the SQL function is running.
5639*/
5640void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5641void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5642
5643
5644/*
5645** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5646**
5647** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5648** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5649** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5650** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5651** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5652** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5653** the content before returning.
5654**
5655** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5656** C++ compilers.
5657*/
5658typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5659#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5660#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5661
5662/*
5663** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5664** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5665**
5666** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5667** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5668** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5669** for additional information.
5670**
5671** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5672** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5673** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5674**
5675** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5676** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5677** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5678** third parameter.
5679**
5680** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5681** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5682** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5683**
5684** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5685** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5686** by its 2nd argument.
5687**
5688** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5689** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5690** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5691** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5692** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5693** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5694** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
5695** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
5696** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5697** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5698** message all text up through the first zero character.
5699** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5700** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5701** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5702** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5703** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5704** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5705** modify the text after they return without harm.
5706** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5707** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5708** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5709** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5710**
5711** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5712** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5713**
5714** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5715** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5716**
5717** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5718** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5719** value given in the 2nd argument.
5720** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5721** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5722** value given in the 2nd argument.
5723**
5724** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5725** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5726**
5727** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5728** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5729** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5730** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5731** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5732** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5733** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5734** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5735** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5736** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5737** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5738** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5739** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5740** through the first zero character.
5741** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5742** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5743** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5744** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5745** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5746** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5747** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5748** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5749** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5750** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5751** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5752** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5753** finished using that result.
5754** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5755** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5756** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5757** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5758** when it has finished using that result.
5759** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5760** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5761** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5762** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5763**
5764** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5765** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
5766** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
5767** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
5768** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
5769** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
5770** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
5771** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
5772** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
5773** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
5774** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
5775** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
5776**
5777** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
5778** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5779** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
5780** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
5781** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
5782**
5783** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5784** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5785** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5786** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5787** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5788** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5789** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5790** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5791** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5792**
5793** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5794** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5795** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5796** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5797** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5798** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5799** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5800** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5801** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5802** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5803**
5804** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5805** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5806** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5807*/
5808void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5809void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5810                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5811void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5812void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5813void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5814void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5815void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5816void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5817void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5818void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5819void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5820void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5821void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5822                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5823void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5824void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5825void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5826void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5827void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5828void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5829int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5830
5831
5832/*
5833** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5834** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5835**
5836** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5837** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5838** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5839** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5840** higher order bits are discarded.
5841** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5842** in future releases of SQLite.
5843*/
5844void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5845
5846/*
5847** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5848** METHOD: sqlite3
5849**
5850** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5851** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5852**
5853** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5854** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5855** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5856** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5857** considered to be the same name.
5858**
5859** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5860** <ul>
5861** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5862** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5863** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5864** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5865** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5866** </ul>)^
5867** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5868** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
5869** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5870** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5871** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5872** on an even byte address.
5873**
5874** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5875** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5876**
5877** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
5878** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5879** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5880** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5881** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
5882** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5883** that collation is no longer usable.
5884**
5885** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5886** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5887** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
5888** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
5889** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5890** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5891** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5892** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5893** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5894** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5895** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5896** strings A, B, and C:
5897**
5898** <ol>
5899** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5900** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5901** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5902** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5903** </ol>
5904**
5905** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5906** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5907** is undefined.
5908**
5909** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5910** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5911** the collating function is deleted.
5912** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5913** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5914** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5915**
5916** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5917** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5918** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5919** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5920** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5921** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5922** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5923** compatibility.
5924**
5925** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5926*/
5927int sqlite3_create_collation(
5928  sqlite3*,
5929  const char *zName,
5930  int eTextRep,
5931  void *pArg,
5932  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5933);
5934int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5935  sqlite3*,
5936  const char *zName,
5937  int eTextRep,
5938  void *pArg,
5939  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5940  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5941);
5942int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5943  sqlite3*,
5944  const void *zName,
5945  int eTextRep,
5946  void *pArg,
5947  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5948);
5949
5950/*
5951** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5952** METHOD: sqlite3
5953**
5954** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5955** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5956** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5957** sequence is required.
5958**
5959** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5960** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5961** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5962** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5963** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5964**
5965** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5966** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5967** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5968** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5969** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5970** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5971** required collation sequence.)^
5972**
5973** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5974** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5975** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5976*/
5977int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5978  sqlite3*,
5979  void*,
5980  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5981);
5982int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5983  sqlite3*,
5984  void*,
5985  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5986);
5987
5988#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5989/*
5990** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5991** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5992*/
5993void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5994  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5995);
5996#endif
5997
5998/*
5999** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
6000**
6001** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
6002** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
6003**
6004** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
6005** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
6006** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
6007** requested from the operating system is returned.
6008**
6009** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
6010** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
6011** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
6012** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
6013** in the previous paragraphs.
6014*/
6015int sqlite3_sleep(int);
6016
6017/*
6018** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
6019**
6020** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6021** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
6022** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
6023** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
6024** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
6025** temporary file directory.
6026**
6027** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
6028** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6029** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6030** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6031** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6032** be avoided in new projects.
6033**
6034** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6035** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6036** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6037** thread.
6038** It is intended that this variable be set once
6039** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6040** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6041** thereafter.
6042**
6043** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6044** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6045** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6046** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6047** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6048** using [sqlite3_free].
6049** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6050** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6051** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6052** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6053** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6054** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6055** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6056** objects have been destroyed.
6057**
6058** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6059** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6060** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6061** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6062**
6063** <blockquote><pre>
6064** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6065** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6066** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6067** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6068** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6069** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6070** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6071** </pre></blockquote>
6072*/
6073SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6074
6075/*
6076** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6077**
6078** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6079** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6080** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6081** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6082** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6083** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6084** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6085** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6086** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6087**
6088** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6089** open can result in a corrupt database.
6090**
6091** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6092** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6093** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6094** thread.
6095** It is intended that this variable be set once
6096** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6097** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6098** thereafter.
6099**
6100** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6101** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6102** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6103** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6104** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6105** using [sqlite3_free].
6106** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6107** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6108** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6109*/
6110SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6111
6112/*
6113** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6114**
6115** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6116** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6117** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6118** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6119** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6120** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6121** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6122** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6123** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6124** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6125** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6126** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6127** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6128** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6129** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6130*/
6131int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6132  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6133  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6134);
6135int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6136int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6137
6138/*
6139** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6140**
6141** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6142** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6143*/
6144#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6145#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6146
6147/*
6148** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6149** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6150** METHOD: sqlite3
6151**
6152** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6153** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6154** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6155** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6156** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6157**
6158** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6159** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6160** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6161** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6162** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6163** an error is to use this function.
6164**
6165** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6166** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6167** is undefined.
6168*/
6169int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6170
6171/*
6172** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6173** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6174**
6175** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6176** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6177** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6178** that was the first argument
6179** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6180** create the statement in the first place.
6181*/
6182sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6183
6184/*
6185** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6186** METHOD: sqlite3
6187**
6188** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6189** associated with database N of connection D.
6190** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6191** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6192** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6193**
6194** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6195** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6196** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6197**
6198** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6199** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6200** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6201** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6202**
6203** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6204** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6205** <ul>
6206** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6207** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6208** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6209** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6210** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6211** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6212** </ul>
6213*/
6214const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6215
6216/*
6217** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6218** METHOD: sqlite3
6219**
6220** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6221** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6222** the name of a database on connection D.
6223*/
6224int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6225
6226/*
6227** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6228** METHOD: sqlite3
6229**
6230** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6231** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6232** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6233** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6234** <ol>
6235** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6236** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6237** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6238** </ol>
6239** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6240** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6241*/
6242int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6243
6244/*
6245** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
6246** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6247**
6248** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6249** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6250** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6251** in [database connection] D.
6252**
6253** <dl>
6254** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6255** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6256** pending.</dd>
6257**
6258** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6259** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6260** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6261** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6262** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6263** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6264** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6265** [COMMIT].</dd>
6266**
6267** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6268** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6269** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6270** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6271** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6272*/
6273#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6274#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6275#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6276
6277/*
6278** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6279** METHOD: sqlite3
6280**
6281** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6282** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6283** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6284** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6285** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6286**
6287** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6288** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6289** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6290*/
6291sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6292
6293/*
6294** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6295** METHOD: sqlite3
6296**
6297** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6298** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6299** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6300** for the same database connection is overridden.
6301** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6302** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6303** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6304** for the same database connection is overridden.
6305** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6306** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6307** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6308**
6309** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6310** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6311** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6312** the first call for each function on D.
6313**
6314** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6315** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6316** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6317** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6318** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6319** or rollback hook in the first place.
6320** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6321** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6322** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6323**
6324** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6325**
6326** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6327** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6328** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6329** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6330** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6331**
6332** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6333** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6334** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6335** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6336** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6337**
6338** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6339*/
6340void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6341void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6342
6343/*
6344** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6345** METHOD: sqlite3
6346**
6347** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6348** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6349** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6350** a [rowid table].
6351** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6352** for the same database connection is overridden.
6353**
6354** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6355** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6356** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6357** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6358** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6359** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6360** to be invoked.
6361** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6362** database and table name containing the affected row.
6363** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6364** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6365**
6366** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6367** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
6368** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6369**
6370** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6371** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6372** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6373** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6374** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6375** release of SQLite.
6376**
6377** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6378** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6379** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6380** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6381** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6382** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6383**
6384** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6385** returns the P argument from the previous call
6386** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6387** the first call on D.
6388**
6389** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6390** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6391*/
6392void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6393  sqlite3*,
6394  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6395  void*
6396);
6397
6398/*
6399** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6400**
6401** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6402** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6403** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6404** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6405**
6406** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6407** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6408** In prior versions of SQLite,
6409** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6410**
6411** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6412** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6413** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6414** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6415**
6416** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6417** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6418**
6419** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6420** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6421** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6422** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6423** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6424** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6425** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6426**
6427** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6428** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6429** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6430** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6431**
6432** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6433** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6434**
6435** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6436*/
6437int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6438
6439/*
6440** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6441**
6442** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6443** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6444** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6445** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6446** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6447** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6448** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6449** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6450**
6451** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6452*/
6453int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6454
6455/*
6456** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6457** METHOD: sqlite3
6458**
6459** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6460** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6461** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6462** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6463** omitted.
6464**
6465** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6466*/
6467int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6468
6469/*
6470** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6471**
6472** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6473** by all database connections within a single process.
6474**
6475** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6476** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6477** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6478** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6479** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6480** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6481** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6482** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6483** is advisory only.
6484**
6485** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6486** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6487** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6488** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6489** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6490**
6491** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6492** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6493** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6494** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6495** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6496** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6497** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6498**
6499** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6500**
6501** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6502** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6503** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6504** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6505** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6506** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6507** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6508** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6509** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6510** hard heap limit.
6511**
6512** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6513** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6514**
6515** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6516** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6517**
6518** <ul>
6519** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6520** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6521**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6522**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6523** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6524**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6525** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6526**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6527**      from the heap.
6528** </ul>)^
6529**
6530** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6531** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6532*/
6533sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6534sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6535
6536/*
6537** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6538** DEPRECATED
6539**
6540** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6541** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6542** only.  All new applications should use the
6543** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6544*/
6545SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6546
6547
6548/*
6549** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6550** METHOD: sqlite3
6551**
6552** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6553** information about column C of table T in database D
6554** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6555** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6556** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6557** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6558** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6559** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6560** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6561** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6562** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6563** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6564** undefined behavior.
6565**
6566** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6567** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6568** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6569** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6570** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6571** resolve unqualified table references.
6572**
6573** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6574** name of the desired column, respectively.
6575**
6576** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6577** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6578** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6579**
6580** ^(<blockquote>
6581** <table border="1">
6582** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6583**
6584** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6585** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6586** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6587** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6588** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6589** </table>
6590** </blockquote>)^
6591**
6592** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6593** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6594** call to any SQLite API function.
6595**
6596** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6597**
6598** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6599** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6600** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6601** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6602** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6603** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6604**
6605** <pre>
6606**     data type: "INTEGER"
6607**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6608**     not null: 0
6609**     primary key: 1
6610**     auto increment: 0
6611** </pre>)^
6612**
6613** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6614** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6615** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6616*/
6617int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6618  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6619  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6620  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6621  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6622  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6623  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6624  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6625  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6626  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6627);
6628
6629/*
6630** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6631** METHOD: sqlite3
6632**
6633** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6634**
6635** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6636** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6637** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6638** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6639** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6640** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6641** be tried also.
6642**
6643** ^The entry point is zProc.
6644** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6645** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6646** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6647** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6648** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6649** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6650** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6651** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6652** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6653** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6654** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6655** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6656** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6657**
6658** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6659** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6660** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6661** prior to calling this API,
6662** otherwise an error will be returned.
6663**
6664** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6665** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6666** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6667** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6668** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6669** access to extension loading capabilities.
6670**
6671** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6672*/
6673int sqlite3_load_extension(
6674  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6675  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6676  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6677  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6678);
6679
6680/*
6681** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6682** METHOD: sqlite3
6683**
6684** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6685** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6686** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6687** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6688**
6689** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6690** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6691** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6692** it back off again.
6693**
6694** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6695** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6696** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6697** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6698**
6699** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6700** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6701** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6702** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6703** access to extension loading capabilities.
6704*/
6705int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6706
6707/*
6708** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6709**
6710** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6711** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6712** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6713** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6714**
6715** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6716** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6717** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6718** entry point where as follows:
6719**
6720** <blockquote><pre>
6721** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6722** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6723** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6724** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6725** &nbsp;  );
6726** </pre></blockquote>)^
6727**
6728** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6729** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6730** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6731** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6732** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6733** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6734** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6735**
6736** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6737** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6738** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6739**
6740** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6741** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6742*/
6743int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6744
6745/*
6746** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6747**
6748** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6749** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6750** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6751** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6752** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6753** routines.
6754*/
6755int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6756
6757/*
6758** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6759**
6760** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6761** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6762*/
6763void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6764
6765/*
6766** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6767** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6768** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6769**
6770** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6771** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6772*/
6773
6774/*
6775** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6776*/
6777typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6778typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6779typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6780typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6781
6782/*
6783** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6784** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6785**
6786** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6787** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
6788** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6789**
6790** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6791** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6792** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6793** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6794** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6795** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6796** any database connection.
6797*/
6798struct sqlite3_module {
6799  int iVersion;
6800  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6801               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6802               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6803  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6804               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6805               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6806  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6807  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6808  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6809  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6810  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6811  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6812                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6813  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6814  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6815  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6816  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6817  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6818  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6819  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6820  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6821  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6822  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6823                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6824                       void **ppArg);
6825  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6826  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6827  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6828  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6829  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6830  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6831  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6832  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6833  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6834};
6835
6836/*
6837** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6838** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6839**
6840** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6841** of the [virtual table] interface to
6842** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6843** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6844** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6845** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6846**
6847** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6848**
6849** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6850**
6851** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6852** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6853** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6854** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6855** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6856** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6857** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6858**
6859** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6860** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6861** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6862** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6863** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6864**
6865** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6866** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6867**
6868** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6869** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6870** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6871** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6872** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6873** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6874** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6875** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6876** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6877** non-zero.
6878**
6879** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6880** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6881** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6882** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6883** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6884** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
6885** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
6886** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
6887** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
6888** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
6889** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
6890** not be checked again using byte code.)^
6891**
6892** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6893** [xFilter] method.
6894** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6895** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6896**
6897** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6898** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6899** sorting step is required.
6900**
6901** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6902** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6903** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6904** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6905** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6906**
6907** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6908** will be returned by the strategy.
6909**
6910** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6911** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6912** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6913** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6914**
6915** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6916** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6917** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6918** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6919** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6920** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6921** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6922** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6923** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6924**
6925** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6926** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6927** If a virtual table extension is
6928** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6929** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6930** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6931** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6932** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6933** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6934** It may therefore only be used if
6935** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6936** 3009000.
6937*/
6938struct sqlite3_index_info {
6939  /* Inputs */
6940  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6941  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6942     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6943     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6944     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6945     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6946  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6947  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6948  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6949     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6950     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6951  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6952  /* Outputs */
6953  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6954    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6955    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6956  } *aConstraintUsage;
6957  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6958  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6959  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6960  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6961  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6962  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6963  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6964  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6965  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6966  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6967  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6968};
6969
6970/*
6971** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6972**
6973** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6974** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6975** these bits.
6976*/
6977#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6978
6979/*
6980** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6981**
6982** These macros define the allowed values for the
6983** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6984** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6985** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6986*/
6987#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6988#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6989#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6990#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6991#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6992#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6993#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6994#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6995#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6996#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6997#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6998#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6999#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
7000#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
7001#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
7002
7003/*
7004** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
7005** METHOD: sqlite3
7006**
7007** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
7008** ^Module names must be registered before
7009** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
7010** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
7011**
7012** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
7013** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
7014** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
7015** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
7016** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
7017** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
7018** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
7019**
7020** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
7021** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
7022** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
7023** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
7024** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
7025** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
7026** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
7027** destructor.
7028**
7029** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7030** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
7031** same name are dropped.
7032**
7033** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7034*/
7035int sqlite3_create_module(
7036  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7037  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7038  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7039  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7040);
7041int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7042  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7043  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7044  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7045  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7046  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7047);
7048
7049/*
7050** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7051** METHOD: sqlite3
7052**
7053** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7054** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7055** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7056** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7057** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7058**
7059** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7060*/
7061int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7062  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7063  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7064);
7065
7066/*
7067** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7068** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7069**
7070** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7071** of this object to describe a particular instance
7072** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7073** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7074** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7075** common to all module implementations.
7076**
7077** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7078** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7079** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7080** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7081** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7082** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7083*/
7084struct sqlite3_vtab {
7085  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7086  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7087  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7088  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7089};
7090
7091/*
7092** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7093** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7094**
7095** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7096** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7097** [virtual table] and are used
7098** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7099** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7100** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7101** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7102** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7103** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7104**
7105** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7106** are common to all implementations.
7107*/
7108struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7109  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7110  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7111};
7112
7113/*
7114** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7115**
7116** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7117** [virtual table module] call this interface
7118** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7119** the virtual tables they implement.
7120*/
7121int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7122
7123/*
7124** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7125** METHOD: sqlite3
7126**
7127** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7128** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7129** But global versions of those functions
7130** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7131**
7132** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7133** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7134** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7135** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7136** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7137** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7138** by a [virtual table].
7139*/
7140int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7141
7142/*
7143** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
7144** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
7145** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
7146** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
7147**
7148** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
7149** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
7150*/
7151
7152/*
7153** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7154** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7155**
7156** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7157** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7158** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7159** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7160** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7161** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7162** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7163*/
7164typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7165
7166/*
7167** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7168** METHOD: sqlite3
7169** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7170**
7171** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7172** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7173** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7174**
7175** <pre>
7176**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7177** </pre>)^
7178**
7179** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7180** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7181** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7182** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7183** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7184**
7185** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7186** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7187** read-only access.
7188**
7189** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7190** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7191** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7192** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7193** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
7194**
7195** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7196** <ul>
7197**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7198**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7199**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7200**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7201**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7202**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7203**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7204**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7205**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7206**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7207**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7208**         being opened for read/write access)^.
7209** </ul>
7210**
7211** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7212** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7213** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7214**
7215** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7216** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7217** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7218** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7219** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7220** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7221**
7222** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7223** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7224** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7225** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7226** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7227** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7228** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7229** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7230** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7231** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7232**
7233** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7234** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7235** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7236** blob.
7237**
7238** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7239** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7240** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7241**
7242** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7243** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7244**
7245** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7246** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7247** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7248*/
7249int sqlite3_blob_open(
7250  sqlite3*,
7251  const char *zDb,
7252  const char *zTable,
7253  const char *zColumn,
7254  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
7255  int flags,
7256  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
7257);
7258
7259/*
7260** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
7261** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7262**
7263** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
7264** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
7265** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
7266** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
7267** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
7268** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
7269**
7270** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
7271** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
7272** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
7273** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
7274** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
7275** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
7276** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
7277** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
7278** always returns zero.
7279**
7280** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
7281*/
7282int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
7283
7284/*
7285** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
7286** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7287**
7288** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7289** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7290** handle is still closed.)^
7291**
7292** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7293** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7294** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7295** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7296** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7297**
7298** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7299** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7300** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7301** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7302** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7303** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7304*/
7305int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7306
7307/*
7308** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7309** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7310**
7311** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7312** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7313** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7314** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7315**
7316** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7317** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7318** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7319** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7320*/
7321int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7322
7323/*
7324** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7325** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7326**
7327** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7328** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7329** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7330**
7331** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7332** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7333** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7334** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7335** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7336**
7337** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7338** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7339**
7340** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7341** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7342**
7343** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7344** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7345** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7346** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7347**
7348** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7349*/
7350int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7351
7352/*
7353** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7354** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7355**
7356** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7357** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7358** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7359**
7360** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7361** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7362** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7363** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7364** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7365**
7366** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7367** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7368** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7369**
7370** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7371** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7372** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7373** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7374** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7375** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7376** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7377**
7378** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7379** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7380** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7381** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7382** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7383** or by other independent statements.
7384**
7385** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7386** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7387** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7388** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7389**
7390** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7391*/
7392int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7393
7394/*
7395** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7396**
7397** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7398** that SQLite uses to interact
7399** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7400** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7401** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7402** The following interfaces are provided.
7403**
7404** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7405** ^Names are case sensitive.
7406** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7407** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7408** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7409**
7410** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7411** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7412** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7413** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7414** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7415** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7416** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7417** then the behavior is undefined.
7418**
7419** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7420** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7421** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7422*/
7423sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7424int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7425int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7426
7427/*
7428** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7429**
7430** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7431** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7432** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7433** permitted to use any of these routines.
7434**
7435** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7436** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7437** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7438** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7439**
7440** <ul>
7441** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7442** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7443** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7444** </ul>
7445**
7446** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7447** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7448** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7449** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7450** and Windows.
7451**
7452** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7453** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7454** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7455** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7456** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7457** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7458** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7459**
7460** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7461** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7462** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7463** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7464** integer constants:
7465**
7466** <ul>
7467** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7468** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7469** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
7470** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7471** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7472** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7473** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7474** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7475** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7476** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7477** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7478** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7479** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7480** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7481** </ul>
7482**
7483** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7484** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7485** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7486** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7487** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7488** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7489** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7490** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7491** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7492** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7493**
7494** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7495** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7496** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7497** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7498** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7499** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7500** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7501** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7502**
7503** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7504** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7505** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7506** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7507** the same type number.
7508**
7509** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7510** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7511** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7512**
7513** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7514** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7515** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7516** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7517** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7518** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7519** In such cases, the
7520** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7521** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7522** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7523**
7524** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7525** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7526** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7527** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7528** behavior.)^
7529**
7530** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7531** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7532** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7533** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7534**
7535** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7536** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7537** behave as no-ops.
7538**
7539** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7540*/
7541sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7542void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7543void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7544int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7545void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7546
7547/*
7548** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7549**
7550** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7551** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7552**
7553** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7554** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7555** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7556** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7557** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7558** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7559** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7560** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7561** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7562**
7563** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7564** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7565** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7566** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7567**
7568** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7569** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7570** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7571** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7572** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7573** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7574**
7575** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7576** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7577** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7578**
7579** <ul>
7580**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7581**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7582**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7583**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7584**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7585**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7586**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7587** </ul>)^
7588**
7589** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7590** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7591** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7592** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7593** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7594** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7595** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7596**
7597** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7598** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7599** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7600** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7601**
7602** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7603** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7604** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7605** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7606**
7607** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7608** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7609** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7610** prior to returning.
7611*/
7612typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7613struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7614  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7615  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7616  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7617  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7618  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7619  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7620  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7621  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7622  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7623};
7624
7625/*
7626** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7627**
7628** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7629** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7630** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7631** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7632** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7633** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7634** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7635** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7636**
7637** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7638** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7639**
7640** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7641** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7642** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7643** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7644**
7645** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7646** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7647** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7648** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7649** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7650** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7651** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7652** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7653*/
7654#ifndef NDEBUG
7655int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7656int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7657#endif
7658
7659/*
7660** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7661**
7662** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7663** which is one of these integer constants.
7664**
7665** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7666** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7667** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7668*/
7669#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7670#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7671#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
7672#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7673#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7674#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7675#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7676#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7677#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7678#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7679#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7680#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7681#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7682#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7683#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7684#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7685
7686/* Legacy compatibility: */
7687#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7688
7689
7690/*
7691** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7692** METHOD: sqlite3
7693**
7694** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7695** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7696** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7697** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7698** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7699*/
7700sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7701
7702/*
7703** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7704** METHOD: sqlite3
7705** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7706**
7707** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7708** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7709** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7710** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7711** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7712** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7713** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7714** main database file.
7715** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7716** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7717** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7718** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7719**
7720** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7721** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7722** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7723** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7724** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7725** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7726** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7727** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7728** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7729** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7730** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7731** from the pager.
7732**
7733** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7734** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7735** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7736** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7737** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7738** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7739** xFileControl method.
7740**
7741** See also: [file control opcodes]
7742*/
7743int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7744
7745/*
7746** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7747**
7748** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7749** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7750** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7751** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7752**
7753** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7754** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7755** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7756**
7757** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7758** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7759** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7760** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7761*/
7762int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7763
7764/*
7765** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7766**
7767** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7768** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7769**
7770** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7771** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7772** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7773** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7774*/
7775#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7776#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7777#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7778#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
7779#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7780#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7781#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7782#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7783#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7784#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7785#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
7786#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7787#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7788#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7789#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7790#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7791#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7792#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7793#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7794#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7795#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7796#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7797#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7798#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7799#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7800#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
7801#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
7802#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
7803#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
7804#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
7805#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    31  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7806
7807/*
7808** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7809**
7810** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7811** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7812** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7813** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7814**
7815** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7816** keywords understood by SQLite.
7817**
7818** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7819** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7820** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7821** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7822** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7823** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7824** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7825**
7826** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7827** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7828** if it is and zero if not.
7829**
7830** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7831** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7832** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7833** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7834** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7835** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7836** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7837** name collisions include:
7838** <ul>
7839** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7840**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7841** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7842**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7843**      technique.
7844** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7845**      with "Z".
7846** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7847** </ul>
7848**
7849** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7850** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7851** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7852** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7853*/
7854int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7855int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7856int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7857
7858/*
7859** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7860** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7861**
7862** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7863** string under construction.
7864**
7865** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7866** <ol>
7867** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7868** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7869** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7870** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7871** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7872** </ol>
7873*/
7874typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7875
7876/*
7877** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7878** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7879**
7880** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7881** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7882** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7883** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7884**
7885** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7886** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7887** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7888** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7889** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7890** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7891** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7892** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7893** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7894**
7895** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7896** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7897** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7898** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7899** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7900*/
7901sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7902
7903/*
7904** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7905** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7906**
7907** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7908** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7909** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7910** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7911** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7912** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7913** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7914** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7915*/
7916char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7917
7918/*
7919** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7920** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7921**
7922** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7923** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7924**
7925** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7926** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7927** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7928** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7929**
7930** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7931** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7932** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7933** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7934** method instead.
7935**
7936** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7937** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7938**
7939** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7940** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7941** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7942**
7943** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7944** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7945**
7946** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7947** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7948** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7949*/
7950void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7951void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7952void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7953void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7954void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7955void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7956
7957/*
7958** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7959** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7960**
7961** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7962**
7963** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7964** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7965** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7966** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7967** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7968** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7969**
7970** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7971** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7972** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7973** zero-termination byte.
7974**
7975** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7976** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7977** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7978** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7979** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7980** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7981** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7982** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7983** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7984** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7985*/
7986int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7987int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7988char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7989
7990/*
7991** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7992**
7993** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7994** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7995** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7996** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7997** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7998** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7999** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
8000** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
8001** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
8002** value.  For those parameters
8003** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
8004** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
8005** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
8006**
8007** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
8008** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
8009**
8010** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
8011** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
8012** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
8013**
8014** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
8015*/
8016int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
8017int sqlite3_status64(
8018  int op,
8019  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
8020  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
8021  int resetFlag
8022);
8023
8024
8025/*
8026** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
8027** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
8028**
8029** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8030** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8031**
8032** <dl>
8033** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8034** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8035** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8036** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8037** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8038** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8039** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8040** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8041**
8042** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8043** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8044** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8045** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8046** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8047** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8048**
8049** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8050** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8051** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8052**
8053** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8054** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8055** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8056** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8057** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8058**
8059** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8060** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8061** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8062** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8063** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8064** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8065** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8066** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8067** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8068**
8069** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8070** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8071** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8072** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8073** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8074**
8075** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8076** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8077**
8078** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8079** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8080**
8081** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8082** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8083**
8084** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8085** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8086** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8087** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8088** </dl>
8089**
8090** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8091*/
8092#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8093#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8094#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8095#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8096#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8097#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8098#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8099#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8100#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8101#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8102
8103/*
8104** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8105** METHOD: sqlite3
8106**
8107** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8108** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8109** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8110** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8111** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8112** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8113** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8114** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8115**
8116** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8117** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8118** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8119** reset back down to the current value.
8120**
8121** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8122** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8123**
8124** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8125*/
8126int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8127
8128/*
8129** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8130** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8131**
8132** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8133** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8134**
8135** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8136** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8137** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8138** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8139** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8140**
8141** <dl>
8142** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8143** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8144** checked out.</dd>)^
8145**
8146** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8147** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8148** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8149** the current value is always zero.)^
8150**
8151** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8152** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8153** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8154** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8155** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8156** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8157** the current value is always zero.)^
8158**
8159** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8160** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8161** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8162** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8163** memory already being in use.
8164** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8165** the current value is always zero.)^
8166**
8167** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8168** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8169** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8170** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8171**
8172** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8173** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8174** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8175** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8176** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8177** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8178** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8179** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
8180** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8181** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8182** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
8183**
8184** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8185** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8186** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8187** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8188** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8189** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8190** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8191** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8192**
8193** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8194** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8195** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8196** the database connection.)^
8197** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8198** </dd>
8199**
8200** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8201** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8202** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8203** is always 0.
8204** </dd>
8205**
8206** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8207** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8208** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8209** is always 0.
8210** </dd>
8211**
8212** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8213** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8214** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8215** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8216** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8217** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8218** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8219** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8220** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8221** </dd>
8222**
8223** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8224** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8225** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8226** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8227** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8228** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
8229** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8230** </dd>
8231**
8232** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8233** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8234** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8235** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8236** </dd>
8237** </dl>
8238*/
8239#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
8240#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
8241#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
8242#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
8243#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
8244#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
8245#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
8246#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
8247#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
8248#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
8249#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
8250#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
8251#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
8252#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
8253
8254
8255/*
8256** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
8257** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8258**
8259** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
8260** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
8261** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
8262** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
8263** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
8264** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
8265** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
8266** an index.
8267**
8268** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
8269** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
8270** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
8271** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
8272** to be interrogated.)^
8273** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
8274** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
8275** interface call returns.
8276**
8277** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
8278*/
8279int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
8280
8281/*
8282** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
8283** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
8284**
8285** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
8286** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
8287** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
8288**
8289** <dl>
8290** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
8291** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
8292** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8293** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8294** careful use of indices.</dd>
8295**
8296** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8297** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8298** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8299** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8300**
8301** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8302** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8303** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8304** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8305** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8306** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8307**
8308** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8309** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8310** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8311** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8312** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8313** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8314** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8315**
8316** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8317** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8318** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8319** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8320**
8321** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8322** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8323** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8324** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8325** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8326** cycle.
8327**
8328** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8329** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8330** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8331** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8332** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8333** </dd>
8334** </dl>
8335*/
8336#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8337#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8338#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8339#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8340#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8341#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8342#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8343
8344/*
8345** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8346**
8347** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8348** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8349** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8350** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8351** to the object.
8352**
8353** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8354*/
8355typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8356
8357/*
8358** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8359**
8360** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8361** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8362** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8363** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8364**
8365** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8366*/
8367typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8368struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8369  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8370  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8371};
8372
8373/*
8374** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8375** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8376**
8377** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8378** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8379** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8380** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8381** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8382** By implementing a
8383** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8384** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8385** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8386** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8387** how long.
8388**
8389** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8390** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8391** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8392**
8393** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8394** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8395** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8396** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8397**
8398** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8399** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8400** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8401** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8402** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8403** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8404** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8405** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8406** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8407** page cache.)^
8408**
8409** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8410** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8411** It can be used to clean up
8412** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8413** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8414**
8415** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8416** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8417** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8418** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8419** in multithreaded applications.
8420**
8421** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8422** call to xShutdown().
8423**
8424** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8425** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8426** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8427** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8428** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8429** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8430** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8431** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8432** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8433** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8434** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8435** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8436** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8437** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8438** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8439** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8440** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8441** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8442** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8443** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8444** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8445** never contain any unpinned pages.
8446**
8447** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8448** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8449** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8450** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8451** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8452** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8453** value; it is advisory only.
8454**
8455** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8456** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8457** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8458**
8459** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8460** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8461** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8462** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8463** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8464** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8465** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8466** for each entry in the page cache.
8467**
8468** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8469** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8470** to be "pinned".
8471**
8472** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8473** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8474** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8475** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8476** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8477**
8478** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8479** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8480** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8481** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8482**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8483** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8484**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8485** </table>
8486**
8487** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8488** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8489** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8490** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8491** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8492**
8493** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8494** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8495** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8496** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8497** ^If the discard parameter is
8498** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8499** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8500** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8501**
8502** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8503** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8504** to xFetch().
8505**
8506** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8507** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8508** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8509** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8510** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8511** to be pinned.
8512**
8513** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8514** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8515** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8516** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8517** they can be safely discarded.
8518**
8519** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8520** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8521** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8522** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8523** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8524** functions.
8525**
8526** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8527** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8528** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8529** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8530** do their best.
8531*/
8532typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8533struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8534  int iVersion;
8535  void *pArg;
8536  int (*xInit)(void*);
8537  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8538  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8539  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8540  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8541  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8542  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8543  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8544      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8545  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8546  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8547  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8548};
8549
8550/*
8551** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8552** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8553** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8554*/
8555typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8556struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8557  void *pArg;
8558  int (*xInit)(void*);
8559  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8560  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8561  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8562  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8563  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8564  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8565  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8566  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8567  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8568};
8569
8570
8571/*
8572** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8573**
8574** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8575** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8576** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8577** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8578**
8579** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8580*/
8581typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8582
8583/*
8584** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8585**
8586** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8587** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8588** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8589**
8590** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8591**
8592** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8593** for the duration of the backup operation.
8594** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8595** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8596** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8597** preventing other database connections from
8598** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8599**
8600** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8601**   <ol>
8602**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8603**         backup,
8604**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8605**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8606**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8607**         associated with the backup operation.
8608**   </ol>)^
8609** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8610** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8611**
8612** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8613**
8614** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8615** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8616** and the database name, respectively.
8617** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8618** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8619** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8620** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8621** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8622** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8623** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8624** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8625** an error.
8626**
8627** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8628** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8629** destination database.
8630**
8631** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8632** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8633** destination [database connection] D.
8634** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8635** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8636** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8637** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8638** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8639** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8640** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8641** operation.
8642**
8643** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8644**
8645** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8646** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8647** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8648** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8649** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8650** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8651** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8652** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8653** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8654** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8655** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8656** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8657**
8658** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8659** <ol>
8660** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8661** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8662** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8663** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8664** destination and source page sizes differ.
8665** </ol>)^
8666**
8667** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8668** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8669** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8670** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8671** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8672** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8673** [database connection]
8674** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8675** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8676** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8677** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8678** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8679** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8680** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8681** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8682** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8683**
8684** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8685** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8686** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8687** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8688** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8689** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8690** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8691** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8692** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8693** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8694** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8695** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8696** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8697** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8698** updated at the same time.
8699**
8700** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8701**
8702** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8703** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8704** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8705** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8706** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8707** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8708** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8709** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8710** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8711**
8712** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8713** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8714** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8715** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8716** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8717** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8718**
8719** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8720** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8721** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8722**
8723** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8724** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8725**
8726** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8727** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8728** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8729** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8730** sqlite3_backup_step().
8731** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8732** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8733** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8734** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8735** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8736** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8737**
8738** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8739**
8740** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8741** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8742** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8743** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8744** from within other threads.
8745**
8746** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8747** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8748** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8749** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8750** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8751** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8752** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8753** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8754**
8755** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8756** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8757** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8758** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8759** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8760** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8761**
8762** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8763** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8764** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8765** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8766** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8767** possible that they return invalid values.
8768*/
8769sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8770  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8771  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8772  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8773  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8774);
8775int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8776int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8777int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8778int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8779
8780/*
8781** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8782** METHOD: sqlite3
8783**
8784** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8785** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8786** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8787** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8788** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8789** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8790** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8791** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8792**
8793** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8794**
8795** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8796** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8797**
8798** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8799** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8800** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8801** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8802** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8803** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8804** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8805** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8806** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8807** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
8808**
8809** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8810** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8811** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8812** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8813** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8814**
8815** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8816** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8817** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8818** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8819**
8820** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8821** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8822** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8823** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8824** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8825** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8826** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8827** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8828**
8829** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8830** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8831** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8832**
8833** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8834** returns SQLITE_OK.
8835**
8836** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8837**
8838** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8839** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8840** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8841** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8842** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8843** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8844**
8845** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
8846** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8847** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8848** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8849** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8850** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8851** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8852** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8853**
8854** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8855**
8856** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8857** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8858** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8859** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8860** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8861** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8862** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8863**
8864** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8865** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8866** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8867** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8868** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8869** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8870** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8871** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8872** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8873** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8874** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8875** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8876**
8877** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8878**
8879** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8880** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8881** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8882** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8883** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8884** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8885** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8886** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8887** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8888**
8889** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8890** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8891** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8892** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8893** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8894*/
8895int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8896  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8897  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8898  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8899);
8900
8901
8902/*
8903** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8904**
8905** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8906** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8907** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8908** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8909*/
8910int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8911int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8912
8913/*
8914** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8915*
8916** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8917** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8918** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8919** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8920** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8921** is case sensitive.
8922**
8923** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8924** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8925**
8926** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8927*/
8928int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8929
8930/*
8931** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8932*
8933** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8934** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8935** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8936** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8937** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8938** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8939** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8940** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8941** one another.
8942**
8943** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8944** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8945**
8946** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8947** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8948**
8949** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8950*/
8951int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8952
8953/*
8954** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8955**
8956** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8957** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8958** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8959** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8960**
8961** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8962** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8963** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8964** is considered bad form.
8965**
8966** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8967**
8968** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8969** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8970** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8971** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8972** buffer.
8973*/
8974void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8975
8976/*
8977** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8978** METHOD: sqlite3
8979**
8980** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8981** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8982**
8983** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8984** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8985** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8986**
8987** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8988** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8989** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8990** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8991** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8992** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8993** including those that were just committed.
8994**
8995** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8996** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8997** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8998** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8999** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
9000** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
9001** are undefined.
9002**
9003** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
9004** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
9005** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
9006** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
9007** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
9008** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
9009*/
9010void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
9011  sqlite3*,
9012  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
9013  void*
9014);
9015
9016/*
9017** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
9018** METHOD: sqlite3
9019**
9020** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
9021** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
9022** to automatically [checkpoint]
9023** after committing a transaction if there are N or
9024** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
9025** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
9026** checkpoints entirely.
9027**
9028** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9029** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9030** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9031** configured by this function.
9032**
9033** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9034** from SQL.
9035**
9036** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9037** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9038**
9039** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9040** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9041** pages.  The use of this interface
9042** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9043** for a particular application.
9044*/
9045int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9046
9047/*
9048** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9049** METHOD: sqlite3
9050**
9051** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9052** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9053**
9054** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9055** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9056** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9057** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9058** information.
9059**
9060** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9061** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9062** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9063** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9064** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9065** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9066*/
9067int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9068
9069/*
9070** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9071** METHOD: sqlite3
9072**
9073** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9074** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9075** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9076** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9077**
9078** <dl>
9079** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9080**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9081**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9082**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9083**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9084**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9085**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9086**
9087** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9088**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9089**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9090**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9091**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9092**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9093**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9094**
9095** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9096**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9097**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9098**   [busy-handler callback])
9099**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9100**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9101**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9102**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9103**
9104** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9105**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9106**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9107**   to a successful return.
9108** </dl>
9109**
9110** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9111** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9112** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9113** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9114** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9115** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9116** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9117** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9118** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9119**
9120** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9121** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9122** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9123** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9124**
9125** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9126** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9127** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9128** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9129** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9130** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9131** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9132** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9133** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9134** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9135**
9136** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9137** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9138** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9139** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9140** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9141** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9142** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9143** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9144** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9145** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9146** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9147**
9148** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9149** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9150** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9151** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9152**
9153** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9154** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9155** sets the error information that is queried by
9156** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9157**
9158** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9159** from SQL.
9160*/
9161int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9162  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9163  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9164  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9165  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9166  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9167);
9168
9169/*
9170** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9171** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9172**
9173** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9174** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9175** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9176** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9177*/
9178#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9179#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9180#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
9181#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9182
9183/*
9184** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9185**
9186** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9187** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9188** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9189**
9190** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9191** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9192**
9193** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9194** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9195** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9196** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9197** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9198** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9199** is used.
9200*/
9201int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9202
9203/*
9204** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9205** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9206** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9207**
9208** These macros define the various options to the
9209** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9210** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9211**
9212** <dl>
9213** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9214** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
9215** <dd>Calls of the form
9216** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
9217** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
9218** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
9219** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
9220** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
9221** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
9222** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
9223** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
9224**
9225** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
9226** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
9227** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
9228** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
9229** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
9230** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
9231** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
9232** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
9233** had been ABORT.
9234**
9235** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
9236** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
9237** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
9238** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
9239** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
9240** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
9241** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
9242** constraint handling.
9243** </dd>
9244**
9245** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
9246** <dd>Calls of the form
9247** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
9248** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9249** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
9250** views.
9251** </dd>
9252**
9253** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
9254** <dd>Calls of the form
9255** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
9256** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9257** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
9258** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
9259** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
9260** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
9261** flag unless absolutely necessary.
9262** </dd>
9263** </dl>
9264*/
9265#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
9266#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
9267#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
9268
9269/*
9270** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
9271**
9272** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
9273** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
9274** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
9275** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9276** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
9277** [virtual table].
9278*/
9279int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
9280
9281/*
9282** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
9283**
9284** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
9285** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
9286** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
9287** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
9288** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
9289** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
9290** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
9291**
9292** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
9293** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
9294** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
9295** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
9296** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
9297** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
9298**
9299** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
9300** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
9301** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
9302** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
9303** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
9304*/
9305int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
9306
9307/*
9308** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
9309**
9310** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
9311** method of a [virtual table].
9312**
9313** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
9314** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
9315** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
9316** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
9317** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
9318** constraint.
9319*/
9320SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9321
9322/*
9323** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
9324** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
9325**
9326** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
9327** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9328** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9329**
9330** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9331** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9332** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9333*/
9334#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9335/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9336#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9337/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9338#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9339
9340/*
9341** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9342** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9343**
9344** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9345** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9346** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9347**
9348** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9349** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9350** S is finalized.
9351**
9352** <dl>
9353** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9354** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9355** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9356**
9357** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9358** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9359** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9360**
9361** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9362** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9363** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9364** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9365** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9366** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9367** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9368**
9369** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9370** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9371** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9372** used for the X-th loop.
9373**
9374** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9375** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9376** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9377** description for the X-th loop.
9378**
9379** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9380** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9381** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9382** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9383** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9384** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9385** </dl>
9386*/
9387#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9388#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9389#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9390#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9391#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9392#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9393
9394/*
9395** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9396** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9397**
9398** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9399** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9400** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9401** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9402**
9403** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9404** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9405** compile-time option.
9406**
9407** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9408** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9409** of this interface is undefined.
9410** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9411** the "pOut" parameter.
9412** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9413** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9414** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9415** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9416** points to is unchanged.
9417**
9418** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9419** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9420** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9421** that pOut points to unchanged.
9422**
9423** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9424*/
9425int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9426  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9427  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9428  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9429  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9430);
9431
9432/*
9433** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9434** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9435**
9436** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9437**
9438** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9439** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9440*/
9441void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9442
9443/*
9444** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9445** METHOD: sqlite3
9446**
9447** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9448** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9449** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9450** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9451** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9452** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9453** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9454** any [attached] databases.
9455**
9456** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9457** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9458** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9459** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9460** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9461** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9462** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9463** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9464**
9465** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9466** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9467** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9468**
9469** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9470**
9471** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9472** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9473*/
9474int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9475
9476/*
9477** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9478** METHOD: sqlite3
9479**
9480** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9481** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9482**
9483** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
9484** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
9485** on a database table.
9486** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
9487** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
9488** the previous setting.
9489** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
9490** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
9491** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
9492** the first parameter to callbacks.
9493**
9494** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
9495** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
9496** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
9497**
9498** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
9499** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
9500** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
9501** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
9502** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
9503** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9504** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
9505** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
9506** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
9507** databases.)^
9508** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9509** table that is being modified.
9510**
9511** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
9512** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
9513** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
9514** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
9515** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
9516** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
9517** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
9518** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
9519** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
9520**
9521** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
9522** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
9523** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
9524** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
9525** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
9526** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
9527** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
9528** behavior.
9529**
9530** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
9531** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
9532**
9533** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9534** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9535** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9536** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9537** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
9538** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
9539** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9540** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9541**
9542** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9543** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9544** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9545** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9546** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9547** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9548** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9549** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9550**
9551** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9552** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9553** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9554** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9555** triggers; and so forth.
9556**
9557** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
9558** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE. This is because the
9559** in this case the new values are not available. In this case, when a
9560** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actuall a write using the
9561** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
9562** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
9563** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
9564** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
9565**
9566** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9567*/
9568#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9569void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9570  sqlite3 *db,
9571  void(*xPreUpdate)(
9572    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9573    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9574    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9575    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9576    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9577    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9578    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9579  ),
9580  void*
9581);
9582int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9583int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9584int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9585int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9586int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *);
9587#endif
9588
9589/*
9590** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9591** METHOD: sqlite3
9592**
9593** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9594** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9595** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9596** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9597** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9598** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9599*/
9600int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9601
9602/*
9603** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9604** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9605**
9606** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9607** database for some specific point in history.
9608**
9609** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9610** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9611** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9612** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9613** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9614** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9615** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9616**
9617** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9618** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9619** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9620** the most recent version.
9621*/
9622typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9623  unsigned char hidden[48];
9624} sqlite3_snapshot;
9625
9626/*
9627** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9628** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9629**
9630** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9631** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9632** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9633** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9634** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9635** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9636** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9637**
9638** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9639** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9640** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9641** in this case.
9642**
9643** <ul>
9644**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9645**
9646**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9647**
9648**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9649**        connection D.
9650**
9651**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9652**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9653**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9654**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9655**        must be written to it first.
9656** </ul>
9657**
9658** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9659** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9660** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9661**
9662** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9663** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9664** to avoid a memory leak.
9665**
9666** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9667** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9668*/
9669SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9670  sqlite3 *db,
9671  const char *zSchema,
9672  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9673);
9674
9675/*
9676** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9677** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9678**
9679** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9680** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9681** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9682** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9683** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9684** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9685**
9686** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9687** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9688** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9689** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9690** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9691** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9692** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9693**
9694** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9695** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9696** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9697**
9698** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9699** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9700** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9701** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9702** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9703** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9704** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9705**
9706** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9707** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9708** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9709** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9710** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9711** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9712** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9713** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9714**
9715** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9716** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9717*/
9718SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9719  sqlite3 *db,
9720  const char *zSchema,
9721  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9722);
9723
9724/*
9725** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9726** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9727**
9728** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9729** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9730** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9731**
9732** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9733** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9734*/
9735SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9736
9737/*
9738** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9739** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9740**
9741** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9742** of two valid snapshot handles.
9743**
9744** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9745** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9746**
9747** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9748** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9749** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9750** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9751** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9752** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9753** is undefined.
9754**
9755** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9756** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9757** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9758**
9759** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9760** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9761*/
9762SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9763  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9764  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9765);
9766
9767/*
9768** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9769** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9770**
9771** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9772** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9773** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9774** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9775** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9776** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9777** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9778**
9779** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9780** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9781** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9782** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9783** database.
9784**
9785** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9786**
9787** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9788** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9789*/
9790SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9791
9792/*
9793** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9794**
9795** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9796** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9797** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9798** is written into *P.
9799**
9800** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9801** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9802** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9803** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9804**
9805** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9806** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9807** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9808** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9809** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9810** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9811** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9812** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9813** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9814** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9815** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9816** values of D and S.
9817** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9818** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9819** of the database exists.
9820**
9821** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9822** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9823** allocation error occurs.
9824**
9825** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
9826** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
9827*/
9828unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9829  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9830  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9831  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9832  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9833);
9834
9835/*
9836** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9837**
9838** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9839** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9840**
9841** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9842** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9843** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9844** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9845** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9846** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9847** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9848*/
9849#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9850
9851/*
9852** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9853**
9854** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9855** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9856** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9857** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9858** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9859** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9860** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9861** size does not exceed M bytes.
9862**
9863** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9864** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9865** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9866** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9867** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9868**
9869** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9870** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9871** operation.
9872**
9873** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9874** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9875** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9876**
9877** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
9878** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
9879*/
9880int sqlite3_deserialize(
9881  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9882  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9883  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9884  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9885  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9886  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9887);
9888
9889/*
9890** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9891**
9892** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9893** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9894**
9895** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9896** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9897** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9898** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9899** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9900**
9901** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9902** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9903** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9904** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9905** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9906**
9907** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9908** should be treated as read-only.
9909*/
9910#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9911#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9912#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9913
9914/*
9915** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9916** builds on processors without floating point support.
9917*/
9918#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9919# undef double
9920#endif
9921
9922#ifdef __cplusplus
9923}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9924#endif
9925#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9926