xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 8a29dfde)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve to make minor changes if
22** experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32**
33** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.304 2008/04/10 17:14:07 drh Exp $
34*/
35#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
36#define _SQLITE3_H_
37#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
38
39/*
40** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
41*/
42#ifdef __cplusplus
43extern "C" {
44#endif
45
46
47/*
48** Add the ability to override 'extern'
49*/
50#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
51# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
52#endif
53
54/*
55** Make sure these symbols where not defined by some previous header
56** file.
57*/
58#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
59# undef SQLITE_VERSION
60#endif
61#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
62# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
63#endif
64
65/*
66** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers {F10010}
67**
68** The SQLITE_VERSION and SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #defines in
69** the sqlite3.h file specify the version of SQLite with which
70** that header file is associated.
71**
72** The "version" of SQLite is a string of the form "X.Y.Z".
73** The phrase "alpha" or "beta" might be appended after the Z.
74** The X value is major version number always 3 in SQLite3.
75** The X value only changes when  backwards compatibility is
76** broken and we intend to never break
77** backwards compatibility.  The Y value is the minor version
78** number and only changes when
79** there are major feature enhancements that are forwards compatible
80** but not backwards compatible.  The Z value is release number
81** and is incremented with
82** each release but resets back to 0 when Y is incremented.
83**
84** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()] and [sqlite3_libversion_number()].
85**
86** INVARIANTS:
87**
88** {F10011} The SQLITE_VERSION #define in the sqlite3.h header file
89**          evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version
90**          with which the header file is associated.
91**
92** {F10014} The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #define resolves to an integer
93**          with the value  (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and
94**          Z are the major version, minor version, and release number.
95*/
96#define SQLITE_VERSION         "--VERS--"
97#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER  --VERSION-NUMBER--
98
99/*
100** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers {F10020}
101** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version
102**
103** These features provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION]
104** and [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] #defines in the header, but are associated
105** with the library instead of the header file.  Cautious programmers might
106** include a check in their application to verify that
107** sqlite3_libversion_number() always returns the value
108** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].
109**
110** The sqlite3_libversion() function returns the same information as is
111** in the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The function is provided
112** for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have direct access to string
113** constants within the DLL.
114**
115** INVARIANTS:
116**
117** {F10021} The [sqlite3_libversion_number()] interface returns an integer
118**          equal to [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].
119**
120** {F10022} The [sqlite3_version] string constant contains the text of the
121**          [SQLITE_VERSION] string.
122**
123** {F10023} The [sqlite3_libversion()] function returns
124**          a pointer to the [sqlite3_version] string constant.
125*/
126SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
127const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
128int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe {F10100}
132**
133** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
134** the SQLITE_THREADSAFE C preprocessor macro is true, mutexes
135** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When that macro is false,
136** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
137** to use SQLite from more than one thread.
138**
139** There is a measurable performance penalty for enabling mutexes.
140** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
141** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
142** The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
143**
144** This interface can be used by a program to make sure that the
145** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
146** the desired setting of the SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro.
147**
148** INVARIANTS:
149**
150** {F10101} The [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function returns nonzero if
151**          SQLite was compiled with its mutexes enabled or zero
152**          if SQLite was compiled with mutexes disabled.
153*/
154int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
155
156/*
157** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle {F12000}
158** KEYWORDS: {database connection}
159**
160** Each open SQLite database is represented by pointer to an instance of the
161** opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
162** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
163** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors
164** and [sqlite3_close()] is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces
165** (such as [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
166** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on this
167** object.
168*/
169typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
170
171
172/*
173** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types {F10200}
174** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
175**
176** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
177** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
178**
179** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type
180** definitions.  The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are
181** supported for backwards compatibility only.
182**
183** INVARIANTS:
184**
185** {F10201} The [sqlite_int64] and [sqlite3_int64] types specify a
186**          64-bit signed integer.
187**
188** {F10202} The [sqlite_uint64] and [sqlite3_uint64] types specify
189**          a 64-bit unsigned integer.
190*/
191#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
192  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
193  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
194#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
195  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
196  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
197#else
198  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
199  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
200#endif
201typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
202typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
203
204/*
205** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
206** substitute integer for floating-point
207*/
208#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
209# define double sqlite3_int64
210#endif
211
212/*
213** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection {F12010}
214**
215** This routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
216**
217** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
218** [prepared statements] and
219** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [sqlite3_blob | BLOBs]
220** associated with the [sqlite3] object prior
221** to attempting to close the [sqlite3] object.
222**
223** <todo>What happens to pending transactions?  Are they
224** rolled back, or abandoned?</todo>
225**
226** INVARIANTS:
227**
228** {F12011} The [sqlite3_close()] interface destroys an [sqlite3] object
229**          allocated by a prior call to [sqlite3_open()],
230**          [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
231**
232** {F12012} The [sqlite3_close()] function releases all memory used by the
233**          connection and closes all open files.
234**
235** {F12013} If the database connection contains
236**          [prepared statements] that have not been
237**          finalized by [sqlite3_finalize()], then [sqlite3_close()]
238**          returns [SQLITE_BUSY] and leaves the connection open.
239**
240** {F12014} Giving sqlite3_close() a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
241**
242** LIMITATIONS:
243**
244** {U12015} The parameter to [sqlite3_close()] must be an [sqlite3] object
245**          pointer previously obtained from [sqlite3_open()] or the
246**          equivalent, or NULL.
247**
248** {U12016} The parameter to [sqlite3_close()] must not have been previously
249**          closed.
250*/
251int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
252
253/*
254** The type for a callback function.
255** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
256** compatibility and is not documented.
257*/
258typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
259
260/*
261** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface {F12100}
262**
263** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenient way of running
264** one or more SQL statements without a lot of C code.  The
265** SQL statements are passed in as the second parameter to
266** sqlite3_exec().  The statements are evaluated one by one
267** until either an error or an interrupt is encountered or
268** until they are all done.  The 3rd parameter is an optional
269** callback that is invoked once for each row of any query results
270** produced by the SQL statements.  The 5th parameter tells where
271** to write any error messages.
272**
273** The sqlite3_exec() interface is implemented in terms of
274** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
275** The sqlite3_exec() routine does nothing that cannot be done
276** by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
277** The sqlite3_exec() is just a convenient wrapper.
278**
279** INVARIANTS:
280**
281** {F12101} The [sqlite3_exec()] interface evaluates zero or more UTF-8
282**          encoded, semicolon-separated, SQL statements in the
283**          zero-terminated string of its 2nd parameter within the
284**          context of the [sqlite3] object given in the 1st parameter.
285**
286** {F12104} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] is SQLITE_OK if all
287**          SQL statements run successfully.
288**
289** {F12105} The return value of [sqlite3_exec()] is an appropriate
290**          non-zero error code if any SQL statement fails.
291**
292** {F12107} If one or more of the SQL statements handed to [sqlite3_exec()]
293**          return results and the 3rd parameter is not NULL, then
294**          the callback function specified by the 3rd parameter is
295**          invoked once for each row of result.
296**
297** {F12110} If the callback returns a non-zero value then [sqlite3_exec()]
298**          will aborted the SQL statement it is currently evaluating,
299**          skip all subsequent SQL statements, and return [SQLITE_ABORT].
300**          <todo>What happens to *errmsg here?  Does the result code for
301**          sqlite3_errcode() get set?</todo>
302**
303** {F12113} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine will pass its 4th parameter through
304**          as the 1st parameter of the callback.
305**
306** {F12116} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 2nd parameter of its
307**          callback to be the number of columns in the current row of
308**          result.
309**
310** {F12119} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 3rd parameter of its
311**          callback to be an array of pointers to strings holding the
312**          values for each column in the current result set row as
313**          obtained from [sqlite3_column_text()].
314**
315** {F12122} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine sets the 4th parameter of its
316**          callback to be an array of pointers to strings holding the
317**          names of result columns as obtained from [sqlite3_column_name()].
318**
319** {F12125} If the 3rd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] is NULL then
320**          [sqlite3_exec()] never invokes a callback.  All query
321**          results are silently discarded.
322**
323** {F12128} If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating any of the SQL
324**          statements handed to [sqlite3_exec()] then [sqlite3_exec()] will
325**          return an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
326**
327** {F12131} If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating any of the SQL
328**          handed to [sqlite3_exec()] and if the 5th parameter (errmsg)
329**          to [sqlite3_exec()] is not NULL, then an error message is
330**          allocated using the equivalent of [sqlite3_mprintf()] and
331**          *errmsg is made to point to that message.
332**
333** {F12134} The [sqlite3_exec()] routine does not change the value of
334**          *errmsg if errmsg is NULL or if there are no errors.
335**
336** {F12137} The [sqlite3_exec()] function sets the error code and message
337**          accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and
338**          [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
339**
340** LIMITATIONS:
341**
342** {U12141} The first parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] must be an valid and open
343**          [database connection].
344**
345** {U12142} The database connection must not be closed while
346**          [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
347**
348** {U12143} The calling function is should use [sqlite3_free()] to free
349**          the memory that *errmsg is left pointing at once the error
350**          message is no longer needed.
351**
352** {U12145} The SQL statement text in the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()]
353**          must remain unchanged while [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
354*/
355int sqlite3_exec(
356  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
357  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluted */
358  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
359  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
360  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
361);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: Result Codes {F10210}
365** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
366**
367** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
368** here in order to indicates success or failure.
369**
370** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
371*/
372#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
373/* beginning-of-error-codes */
374#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
375#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
376#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
377#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
378#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
379#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
380#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
381#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
382#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
383#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
384#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
385#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* NOT USED. Table or record not found */
386#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
387#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
388#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* NOT USED. Database lock protocol error */
389#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
390#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
391#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
392#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
393#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
394#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
395#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
396#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
397#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
398#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
399#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
400#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
401#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
402/* end-of-error-codes */
403
404/*
405** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes {F10220}
406** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
407** KEYWORDS: {extended result codes}
408**
409** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
410** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that
411** many of these result codes are too course-grained.  They do not provide as
412** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
413** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
414** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
415** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
416** for each database connection using the [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()]
417** API.
418**
419** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
420** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
421** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
422** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
423**
424** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
425** be exactly zero.
426**
427** INVARIANTS:
428**
429** {F10223} The symbolic name for an extended result code always contains
430**          a related primary result code as a prefix.
431**
432** {F10224} Primary result code names contain a single "_" character.
433**
434** {F10225} Extended result code names contain two or more "_" characters.
435**
436** {F10226} The numeric value of an extended result code contains the
437**          numeric value of its corresponding primary result code in
438**          its least significant 8 bits.
439*/
440#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ          (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
441#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ    (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
442#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE      (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT         (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE        (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED       (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM         (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
452
453/*
454** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations {F10230}
455**
456** These bit values are intended for use in the
457** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
458** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the
459** [sqlite3_vfs] object.
460*/
461#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001
462#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002
463#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004
464#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008
465#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010
466#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100
467#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200
468#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400
469#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800
470#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000
471#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000
472#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000
473
474/*
475** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics {F10240}
476**
477** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
478** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
479** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
480** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
481** refers to.
482**
483** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
484** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
485** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
486** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
487** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
488** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
489** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
490** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
491** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
492** to xWrite().
493*/
494#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC          0x00000001
495#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512       0x00000002
496#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K        0x00000004
497#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K        0x00000008
498#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K        0x00000010
499#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K        0x00000020
500#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K       0x00000040
501#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K       0x00000080
502#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K       0x00000100
503#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND     0x00000200
504#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL      0x00000400
505
506/*
507** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels {F10250}
508**
509** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
510** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
511** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
512*/
513#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
514#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
515#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
516#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
517#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
518
519/*
520** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags {F10260}
521**
522** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
523** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
524** these integer values as the second argument.
525**
526** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
527** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
528** information need not be flushed. The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL flag means
529** to use normal fsync() semantics. The SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flag means
530** to use Mac OS-X style fullsync instead of fsync().
531*/
532#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
533#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
534#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
535
536
537/*
538** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle {F11110}
539**
540** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the OS
541** interface layer.  Individual OS interface implementations will
542** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
543** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
544** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
545** I/O operations on the open file.
546*/
547typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
548struct sqlite3_file {
549  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
550};
551
552/*
553** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object {F11120}
554**
555** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method contains a pointer to
556** an instance of this object.  This object defines the
557** methods used to perform various operations against the open file.
558**
559** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
560** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
561*  The second choice is an
562** OS-X style fullsync.  The SQLITE_SYNC_DATA flag may be ORed in to
563** indicate that only the data of the file and not its inode needs to be
564** synced.
565**
566** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
567** <ul>
568** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
569** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
570** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
571** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
572** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
573** </ul>
574** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
575** The xCheckReservedLock() method looks
576** to see if any database connection, either in this
577** process or in some other process, is holding an RESERVED,
578** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
579** if such a lock exists and false if not.
580**
581** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
582** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
583** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument
584** is an integer opcode.   The third
585** argument is a generic pointer which is intended to be a pointer
586** to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
587** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
588** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
589** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
590** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
591** core reserves opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
592** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
593** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
594** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
595**
596** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
597** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
598** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
599** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
600** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
601** underlying device:
602**
603** <ul>
604** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
605** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
606** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
607** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
608** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
609** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
610** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
611** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
612** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
613** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
614** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
615** </ul>
616**
617** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
618** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
619** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
620** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
621** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
622** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
623** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
624** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
625** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
626** to xWrite().
627*/
628typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
629struct sqlite3_io_methods {
630  int iVersion;
631  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
632  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
633  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
634  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
635  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
636  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
637  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
638  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
639  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*);
640  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
641  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
642  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
643  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
644};
645
646/*
647** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes {F11310}
648**
649** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
650** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and to the [sqlite3_file_control()]
651** interface.
652**
653** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
654** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
655** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
656** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
657** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
658** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
659** is defined.
660*/
661#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
662
663/*
664** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle {F17110}
665**
666** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
667** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
668** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
669** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
670**
671** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
672*/
673typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
674
675/*
676** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object {F11140}
677**
678** An instance of this object defines the interface between the
679** SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
680** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
681**
682** The iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger for future
683** versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
684** object when the iVersion value is increased.
685**
686** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
687** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
688** a pathname in this VFS.
689**
690** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
691** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
692** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
693** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
694** searches the list.
695**
696** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
697** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
698** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
699** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
700** object once the object has been registered.
701**
702** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
703** be unique across all VFS modules.
704**
705** {F11141} SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename string passed to
706** xOpen() is a full pathname as generated by xFullPathname() and
707** that the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
708** called.  {END} So the [sqlite3_file] can store a pointer to the
709** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
710**
711** {F11142} The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
712** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
713** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
714** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. {END}
715** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
716** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be
717** set.
718**
719** {F11143} SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
720** call, depending on the object being opened:
721**
722** <ul>
723** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
724** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
725** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
726** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
727** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
728** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
729** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
730** </ul> {END}
731**
732** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
733** changes the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
734** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
735** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
736** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
737** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
738** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
739** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
740**
741** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen
742** method:
743**
744** <ul>
745** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
746** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
747** </ul>
748**
749** {F11145} The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
750** deleted when it is closed.  {F11146} The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
751** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
752** {F11147} The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag means the file should be opened
753** for exclusive access.  This flag is set for all files except
754** for the main database file. {END}
755**
756** {F11148} At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
757** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
758** argument to xOpen.  {END}  The xOpen method does not have to
759** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.
760**
761** {F11149} The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
762** to test for the existance of a file,
763** or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to test to see
764** if a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
765** to test to see if a file is at least readable.  {END} The file can be a
766** directory.
767**
768** {F11150} SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for
769** the output buffers for xGetTempname and xFullPathname. {F11151} The exact
770** size of the output buffer is also passed as a parameter to both
771** methods. {END} If the output buffer is not large enough, SQLITE_CANTOPEN
772** should be returned. As this is handled as a fatal error by SQLite,
773** vfs implementations should endeavor to prevent this by setting
774** mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
775**
776** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
777** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
778** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
779** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
780** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
781** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.  The
782** xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
783** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
784** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and
785** time.
786*/
787typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
788struct sqlite3_vfs {
789  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
790  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
791  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
792  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
793  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
794  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
795  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
796               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
797  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
798  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags);
799  int (*xGetTempname)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nOut, char *zOut);
800  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
801  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
802  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
803  void *(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol);
804  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
805  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
806  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
807  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
808  /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
809  ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
810};
811
812/*
813** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method {F11190}
814**
815** {F11191} These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
816** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object. {END}  They determine
817** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is
818** looking for.  {F11192} With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
819** simply checks to see if the file exists. {F11193} With
820** SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method checks to see
821** if the file is both readable and writable.  {F11194} With
822** SQLITE_ACCESS_READ the xAccess method
823** checks to see if the file is readable.
824*/
825#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
826#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
827#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
828
829/*
830** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes {F12200}
831**
832** The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
833** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes] feature of SQLite.
834** The extended result codes are disabled by default for historical
835** compatibility.
836**
837** INVARIANTS:
838**
839** {F12201} Each new [database connection] has the
840**          [extended result codes] feature
841**          disabled by default.
842**
843** {F12202} The [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(D,F)] interface will enable
844**          [extended result codes] for the
845**          [database connection] D if the F parameter
846**          is true, or disable them if F is false.
847*/
848int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
849
850/*
851** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid {F12220}
852**
853** Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
854** integer key called the "rowid". The rowid is always available
855** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
856** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. If
857** the table has a column of type INTEGER PRIMARY KEY then that column
858** is another alias for the rowid.
859**
860** This routine returns the rowid of the most recent
861** successful INSERT into the database from the database connection
862** shown in the first argument.  If no successful inserts
863** have ever occurred on this database connection, zero is returned.
864**
865** If an INSERT occurs within a trigger, then the rowid of the
866** inserted row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger
867** is running.  But once the trigger terminates, the value returned
868** by this routine reverts to the last value inserted before the
869** trigger fired.
870**
871** An INSERT that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
872** successful insert and does not change the value returned by this
873** routine.  Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
874** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
875** routine when their insertion fails.  When INSERT OR REPLACE
876** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
877** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
878** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
879** the return value of this interface.
880**
881** For the purposes of this routine, an insert is considered to
882** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
883**
884** INVARIANTS:
885**
886** {F12221} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns the
887**          rowid of the most recent successful insert done
888**          on the same database connection and within the same
889**          trigger context, or zero if there have
890**          been no qualifying inserts on that connection.
891**
892** {F12223} The [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] function returns
893**          same value when called from the same trigger context
894**          immediately before and after a ROLLBACK.
895**
896** LIMITATIONS:
897**
898** {U12232} If a separate thread does a new insert on the same
899**          database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
900**          function is running and thus changes the last insert rowid,
901**          then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
902**          unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
903**          last insert rowid.
904*/
905sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
906
907/*
908** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified {F12240}
909**
910** This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
911** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
912** on the connection specified by the first parameter.  Only
913** changes that are directly specified by the INSERT, UPDATE, or
914** DELETE statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
915** triggers are not counted. Use the [sqlite3_total_changes()] function
916** to find the total number of changes including changes caused by triggers.
917**
918** A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
919** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
920** are changed as side effects of REPLACE constraint resolution,
921** rollback, ABORT processing, DROP TABLE, or by any other
922** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.
923**
924** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
925** ends with the script of a trigger.  Most SQL statements are
926** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
927** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
928** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
929** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
930**
931** Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
932** not create a new trigger context.
933**
934** This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
935** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
936** trigger context.
937**
938** So when called from the top level, this function returns the
939** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
940** that also occurred at the top level.
941** Within the body of a trigger, the sqlite3_changes() interface
942** can be called to find the number of
943** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
944** statement within the body of the same trigger.
945** However, the number returned does not include in changes
946** caused by subtriggers since they have their own context.
947**
948** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without
949** a WHERE clause by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much
950** faster than going through and deleting individual elements from the
951** table.)  Because of this optimization, the deletions in
952** "DELETE FROM table" are not row changes and will not be counted
953** by the sqlite3_changes() or [sqlite3_total_changes()] functions.
954** To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
955** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
956**
957** INVARIANTS:
958**
959** {F12241} The [sqlite3_changes()] function returns the number of
960**          row changes caused by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE,
961**          or DELETE statement on the same database connection and
962**          within the same trigger context, or zero if there have
963**          not been any qualifying row changes.
964**
965** LIMITATIONS:
966**
967** {U12252} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
968**          while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
969**          is unpredictable and unmeaningful.
970*/
971int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
972
973/*
974** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified {F12260}
975***
976** This function returns the number of row changes caused
977** by INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statements since the database handle
978** was opened.  The count includes all changes from all trigger
979** contexts.  But the count does not include changes used to
980** implement REPLACE constraints, do rollbacks or ABORT processing,
981** or DROP table processing.
982** The changes
983** are counted as soon as the statement that makes them is completed
984** (when the statement handle is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or
985** [sqlite3_finalize()]).
986**
987** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without
988** a WHERE clause by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much
989** faster than going
990** through and deleting individual elements from the table.)  Because of
991** this optimization, the change count for "DELETE FROM table" will be
992** zero regardless of the number of elements that were originally in the
993** table. To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
994** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
995**
996** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface.
997**
998** INVARIANTS:
999**
1000** {F12261} The [sqlite3_total_changes()] returns the total number
1001**          of row changes caused by INSERT, UPDATE, and/or DELETE
1002**          statements on the same [database connection], in any
1003**          trigger context, since the database connection was
1004**          created.
1005**
1006** LIMITATIONS:
1007**
1008** {U12264} If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1009**          while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1010**          returned is unpredictable and unmeaningful.
1011*/
1012int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1013
1014/*
1015** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query {F12270}
1016**
1017** This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1018** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1019** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1020** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1021** immediately.
1022**
1023** It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1024** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1025** is not safe to call this routine with a database connection that
1026** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1027**
1028** If an SQL is very nearly finished at the time when sqlite3_interrupt()
1029** is called, then it might not have an opportunity to be interrupted.
1030** It might continue to completion.
1031** An SQL operation that is interrupted will return
1032** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].  If the interrupted SQL operation is an
1033** INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE that is inside an explicit transaction,
1034** then the entire transaction will be rolled back automatically.
1035** A call to sqlite3_interrupt() has no effect on SQL statements
1036** that are started after sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1037**
1038** INVARIANTS:
1039**
1040** {F12271} The [sqlite3_interrupt()] interface will force all running
1041**          SQL statements associated with the same database connection
1042**          to halt after processing at most one additional row of
1043**          data.
1044**
1045** {F12272} Any SQL statement that is interrupted by [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1046**          will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1047**
1048** LIMITATIONS:
1049**
1050** {U12279} If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1051**          is running then bad things will likely happen.
1052*/
1053void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1054
1055/*
1056** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete {F10510}
1057**
1058** These routines are useful for command-line input to determine if the
1059** currently entered text seems to form complete a SQL statement or
1060** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1061** SQLite for parsing.  These routines return true if the input string
1062** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  A statement is judged to be
1063** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a fragment of a
1064** CREATE TRIGGER statement.  Semicolons that are embedded within
1065** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1066** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1067** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.
1068**
1069** These routines do not parse the SQL and
1070** so will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1071**
1072** INVARIANTS:
1073**
1074** {F10511} The sqlite3_complete() and sqlite3_complete16() functions
1075**          return true (non-zero) if and only if the last
1076**          non-whitespace token in their input is a semicolon that
1077**          is not in between the BEGIN and END of a CREATE TRIGGER
1078**          statement.
1079**
1080** LIMITATIONS:
1081**
1082** {U10512} The input to sqlite3_complete() must be a zero-terminated
1083**          UTF-8 string.
1084**
1085** {U10513} The input to sqlite3_complete16() must be a zero-terminated
1086**          UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1087*/
1088int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1089int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1090
1091/*
1092** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors {F12310}
1093**
1094** This routine identifies a callback function that might be
1095** invoked whenever an attempt is made to open a database table
1096** that another thread or process has locked.
1097** If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
1098** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1099** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.
1100** If the busy callback is not NULL, then the
1101** callback will be invoked with two arguments.  The
1102** first argument to the handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1103** is the third argument to this routine.  The second argument to
1104** the handler is the number of times that the busy handler has
1105** been invoked for this locking event.   If the
1106** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1107** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1108** If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1109** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1110**
1111** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that
1112** it will be invoked when there is lock contention.
1113** If SQLite determines that invoking the busy handler could result in
1114** a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY] or
1115** [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the
1116** busy handler.
1117** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1118** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1119** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1120** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1121** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1122** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1123** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1124** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1125** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1126** the second process to proceed.
1127**
1128** The default busy callback is NULL.
1129**
1130** The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1131** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1132** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1133** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1134** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1135** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1136** readers.  If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1137** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1138** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1139** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  This error code promotion
1140** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1141** <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1142** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1143** this is important.
1144**
1145** There can only be a single busy handler defined for each database
1146** connection.  Setting a new busy handler clears any previous one.
1147** Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] will also set or clear
1148** the busy handler.
1149**
1150** INVARIANTS:
1151**
1152** {F12311} The [sqlite3_busy_handler()] function replaces the busy handler
1153**          callback in the database connection identified by the 1st
1154**          parameter with a new busy handler identified by the 2nd and 3rd
1155**          parameters.
1156**
1157** {F12312} The default busy handler for new database connections is NULL.
1158**
1159** {F12314} When two or more database connection share a common cache,
1160**          the busy handler for the database connection currently using
1161**          the cache is invoked when the cache encounters a lock.
1162**
1163** {F12316} If a busy handler callback returns zero, then the SQLite
1164**          interface that provoked the locking event will return
1165**          [SQLITE_BUSY].
1166**
1167** {F12318} SQLite will invokes the busy handler with two argument which
1168**          are a copy of the pointer supplied by the 3rd parameter to
1169**          [sqlite3_busy_handler()] and a count of the number of prior
1170**          invocations of the busy handler for the same locking event.
1171**
1172** LIMITATIONS:
1173**
1174** {U12319} A busy handler should not call close the database connection
1175**          or prepared statement that invoked the busy handler.
1176*/
1177int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1178
1179/*
1180** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout {F12340}
1181**
1182** This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler]
1183** that sleeps for a while when a
1184** table is locked.  The handler will sleep multiple times until
1185** at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping have been done. {F12343} After
1186** "ms" milliseconds of sleeping, the handler returns 0 which
1187** causes [sqlite3_step()] to return [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1188**
1189** Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1190** turns off all busy handlers.
1191**
1192** There can only be a single busy handler for a particular database
1193** connection.  If another busy handler was defined
1194** (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1195** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.
1196**
1197** INVARIANTS:
1198**
1199** {F12341} The [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] function overrides any prior
1200**          [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] or [sqlite3_busy_handler()] setting
1201**          on the same database connection.
1202**
1203** {F12343} If the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] is less than
1204**          or equal to zero, then the busy handler is cleared so that
1205**          all subsequent locking events immediately return [SQLITE_BUSY].
1206**
1207** {F12344} If the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] is a positive
1208**          number N, then a busy handler is set that repeatedly calls
1209**          the xSleep() method in the VFS interface until either the
1210**          lock clears or until the cumulative sleep time reported back
1211**          by xSleep() exceeds N milliseconds.
1212*/
1213int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1214
1215/*
1216** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries {F12370}
1217**
1218** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1219** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1220** complete query results from one or more queries.
1221**
1222** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1223** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1224** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1225** and M be the number of columns.
1226**
1227** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated
1228** UTF-8 strings.  There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.
1229** The first M pointers point to zero-terminated strings that
1230** contain the names of the columns.
1231** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL
1232** values are give a NULL pointer.  All other values are in
1233** their UTF-8 zero-terminated string representation as returned by
1234** [sqlite3_column_text()].
1235**
1236** A result table might consists of one or more memory allocations.
1237** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1238** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1239**
1240** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1241** is as follows:
1242**
1243** <blockquote><pre>
1244**        Name        | Age
1245**        -----------------------
1246**        Alice       | 43
1247**        Bob         | 28
1248**        Cindy       | 21
1249** </pre></blockquote>
1250**
1251** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1252** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1253** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1254**
1255** <blockquote><pre>
1256**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1257**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1258**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1259**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1260**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
1261**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
1262**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
1263**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
1264** </pre></blockquote>
1265**
1266** The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
1267** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
1268** string of its 2nd parameter.  It returns a result table to the
1269** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
1270**
1271** After the calling function has finished using the result, it should
1272** pass the pointer to the result table to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
1273** release the memory that was malloc-ed.  Because of the way the
1274** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
1275** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
1276** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
1277**
1278** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
1279** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
1280** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
1281** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
1282** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
1283** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
1284** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
1285**
1286** INVARIANTS:
1287**
1288** {F12371} If a [sqlite3_get_table()] fails a memory allocation, then
1289**          it frees the result table under construction, aborts the
1290**          query in process, skips any subsequent queries, sets the
1291**          *resultp output pointer to NULL and returns [SQLITE_NOMEM].
1292**
1293** {F12373} If the ncolumn parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
1294**          then [sqlite3_get_table()] write the number of columns in the
1295**          result set of the query into *ncolumn if the query is
1296**          successful (if the function returns SQLITE_OK).
1297**
1298** {F12374} If the nrow parameter to [sqlite3_get_table()] is not NULL
1299**          then [sqlite3_get_table()] write the number of rows in the
1300**          result set of the query into *nrow if the query is
1301**          successful (if the function returns SQLITE_OK).
1302**
1303** {F12376} The [sqlite3_get_table()] function sets its *ncolumn value
1304**          to the number of columns in the result set of the query in the
1305**          sql parameter, or to zero if the query in sql has an empty
1306**          result set.
1307*/
1308int sqlite3_get_table(
1309  sqlite3*,             /* An open database */
1310  const char *sql,      /* SQL to be evaluated */
1311  char ***pResult,      /* Results of the query */
1312  int *nrow,            /* Number of result rows written here */
1313  int *ncolumn,         /* Number of result columns written here */
1314  char **errmsg         /* Error msg written here */
1315);
1316void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
1317
1318/*
1319** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions {F17400}
1320**
1321** These routines are workalikes of the "printf()" family of functions
1322** from the standard C library.
1323**
1324** The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
1325** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
1326** The strings returned by these two routines should be
1327** released by [sqlite3_free()].   Both routines return a
1328** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
1329** memory to hold the resulting string.
1330**
1331** In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
1332** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
1333** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
1334** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
1335** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().  This is an
1336** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
1337** backwards compatibility.  Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
1338** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
1339** characters actually written into the buffer.  We admit that
1340** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
1341** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
1342** now without breaking compatibility.
1343**
1344** As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
1345** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  The first
1346** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
1347** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
1348** written will be n-1 characters.
1349**
1350** These routines all implement some additional formatting
1351** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
1352** All of the usual printf formatting options apply.  In addition, there
1353** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
1354**
1355** The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
1356** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
1357** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.  By doubling each '\''
1358** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
1359** the string.
1360**
1361** For example, so some string variable contains text as follows:
1362**
1363** <blockquote><pre>
1364**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
1365** </pre></blockquote>
1366**
1367** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
1368**
1369** <blockquote><pre>
1370**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
1371**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
1372**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
1373** </pre></blockquote>
1374**
1375** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
1376** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
1377**
1378** <blockquote><pre>
1379**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
1380** </pre></blockquote>
1381**
1382** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
1383** would have looked like this:
1384**
1385** <blockquote><pre>
1386**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
1387** </pre></blockquote>
1388**
1389** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you
1390** should always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string
1391** literal.
1392**
1393** The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
1394** the outside of the total string.  Or if the parameter in the argument
1395** list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without single
1396** quotes) in place of the %Q option. {END}  So, for example, one could say:
1397**
1398** <blockquote><pre>
1399**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
1400**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
1401**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
1402** </pre></blockquote>
1403**
1404** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
1405** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
1406**
1407** The "%z" formatting option works exactly like "%s" with the
1408** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
1409** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string. {END}
1410**
1411** INVARIANTS:
1412**
1413** {F17403}  The [sqlite3_mprintf()] and [sqlite3_vmprintf()] interfaces
1414**           return either pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings held in
1415**           memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] or NULL pointers if
1416**           a call to [sqlite3_malloc()] fails.
1417**
1418** {F17406}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface writes a zero-terminated
1419**           UTF-8 string into the buffer pointed to by the second parameter
1420**           provided that the first parameter is greater than zero.
1421**
1422** {F17407}  The [sqlite3_snprintf()] interface does not writes slots of
1423**           its output buffer (the second parameter) outside the range
1424**           of 0 through N-1 (where N is the first parameter)
1425**           regardless of the length of the string
1426**           requested by the format specification.
1427**
1428*/
1429char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
1430char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
1431char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
1432
1433/*
1434** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem {F17300}
1435**
1436** The SQLite core  uses these three routines for all of its own
1437** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
1438** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
1439** windows VFS uses native malloc and free for some operations.
1440**
1441** The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
1442** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
1443** If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
1444** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  If the parameter N to
1445** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
1446** a NULL pointer.
1447**
1448** Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
1449** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
1450** that it might be reused.  The sqlite3_free() routine is
1451** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
1452** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
1453** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
1454** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
1455** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
1456** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
1457** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_free().
1458**
1459** The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
1460** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
1461** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
1462** parameter.  If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
1463** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
1464** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
1465** If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
1466** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
1467** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
1468** Sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
1469** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
1470** If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
1471** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
1472** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
1473** If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
1474** is not freed.
1475**
1476** The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
1477** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary. {END}
1478**
1479** The default implementation
1480** of the memory allocation subsystem uses the malloc(), realloc()
1481** and free() provided by the standard C library. {F17382} However, if
1482** SQLite is compiled with the following C preprocessor macro
1483**
1484** <blockquote> SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE=<i>NNN</i> </blockquote>
1485**
1486** where <i>NNN</i> is an integer, then SQLite create a static
1487** array of at least <i>NNN</i> bytes in size and use that array
1488** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs. {END}  Additional
1489** memory allocator options may be added in future releases.
1490**
1491** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
1492** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
1493** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
1494** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be
1495** used.
1496**
1497** The windows OS interface layer calls
1498** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
1499** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
1500** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular windows
1501** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
1502** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
1503** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
1504**
1505** INVARIANTS:
1506**
1507** {F17303}  The [sqlite3_malloc(N)] interface returns either a pointer to
1508**           newly checked-out block of at least N bytes of memory
1509**           that is 8-byte aligned,
1510**           or it returns NULL if it is unable to fulfill the request.
1511**
1512** {F17304}  The [sqlite3_malloc(N)] interface returns a NULL pointer if
1513**           N is less than or equal to zero.
1514**
1515** {F17305}  The [sqlite3_free(P)] interface releases memory previously
1516**           returned from [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()],
1517**           making it available for reuse.
1518**
1519** {F17306}  A call to [sqlite3_free(NULL)] is a harmless no-op.
1520**
1521** {F17310}  A call to [sqlite3_realloc(0,N)] is equivalent to a call
1522**           to [sqlite3_malloc(N)].
1523**
1524** {F17312}  A call to [sqlite3_realloc(P,0)] is equivalent to a call
1525**           to [sqlite3_free(P)].
1526**
1527** {F17315}  The SQLite core uses [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_realloc()],
1528**           and [sqlite3_free()] for all of its memory allocation and
1529**           deallocation needs.
1530**
1531** {F17318}  The [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] interface returns either a pointer
1532**           to a block of checked-out memory of at least N bytes in size
1533**           that is 8-byte aligned, or a NULL pointer.
1534**
1535** {F17321}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns a non-NULL pointer, it first
1536**           copies the first K bytes of content from P into the newly allocated
1537**           where K is the lessor of N and the size of the buffer P.
1538**
1539** {F17322}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns a non-NULL pointer, it first
1540**           releases the buffer P.
1541**
1542** {F17323}  When [sqlite3_realloc(P,N)] returns NULL, the buffer P is
1543**           not modified or released.
1544**
1545** LIMITATIONS:
1546**
1547** {U17350}  The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
1548**           must be either NULL or else a pointer obtained from a prior
1549**           invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that has
1550**           not been released.
1551**
1552** {U17351}  The application must not read or write any part of
1553**           a block of memory after it has been released using
1554**           [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
1555**
1556*/
1557void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
1558void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
1559void sqlite3_free(void*);
1560
1561/*
1562** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics {F17370}
1563**
1564** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
1565** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
1566** the memory allocation subsystem included within the SQLite.
1567**
1568** INVARIANTS:
1569**
1570** {F17371} The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the
1571**          number of bytes of memory currently outstanding
1572**          (malloced but not freed).
1573**
1574** {F17373} The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
1575**          value of [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1576**          since the highwater mark was last reset.
1577**
1578** {F17374} The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
1579**          [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
1580**          added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
1581**          but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
1582**          routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
1583**
1584** {F17375} The memory highwater mark is reset to the current value of
1585**          [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
1586**          [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  The value returned
1587**          by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the highwater mark
1588**          prior to the reset.
1589*/
1590sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
1591sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
1592
1593/*
1594** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator {F17390}
1595**
1596** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
1597** select random ROWIDs when inserting new records into a table that
1598** already uses the largest possible ROWID.  The PRNG is also used for
1599** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
1600** appliations to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
1601**
1602** A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
1603**
1604** The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
1605** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
1606** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
1607** On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
1608** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
1609** method.
1610**
1611** INVARIANTS:
1612**
1613** {F17392} The [sqlite3_randomness(N,P)] interface writes N bytes of
1614**          high-quality pseudo-randomness into buffer P.
1615*/
1616void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
1617
1618/*
1619** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks {F12500}
1620**
1621** This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
1622** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
1623** The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
1624** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
1625** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  At various
1626** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
1627** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
1628** see if those actions are allowed.  The authorizer callback should
1629** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
1630** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
1631** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
1632** rejected with an error.   If the authorizer callback returns
1633** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
1634** then [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
1635** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
1636**
1637** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
1638** requested is ok.  When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
1639** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
1640** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
1641** access is denied.  If the authorizer code is [SQLITE_READ]
1642** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
1643** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
1644** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
1645** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
1646** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
1647** columns of a table.
1648**
1649** The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of
1650** the third parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface.
1651** The second parameter to the callback is an integer
1652** [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies the particular action
1653** to be authorized. The third through sixth
1654** parameters to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain
1655** additional details about the action to be authorized.
1656**
1657** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
1658** SQL statements from an untrusted
1659** source, to ensure that the SQL statements do not try to access data
1660** that they are not allowed to see, or that they do not try to
1661** execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
1662** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
1663** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
1664** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
1665** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
1666** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
1667** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
1668**
1669** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
1670** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
1671** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
1672** in addition to using an authorizer.
1673**
1674** Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
1675** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
1676** previous call.  Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
1677** The authorizer is disabled by default.
1678**
1679** Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
1680** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
1681** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()].
1682**
1683** INVARIANTS:
1684**
1685** {F12501} The [sqlite3_set_authorizer(D,...)] interface registers a
1686**          authorizer callback with database connection D.
1687**
1688** {F12502} The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are
1689**          being compiled
1690**
1691** {F12503} If the authorizer callback returns any value other than
1692**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY] then
1693**          the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused
1694**          the authorizer callback to run shall fail with an
1695**          [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an appropriate error message.
1696**
1697** {F12504} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_OK], the operation
1698**          described is coded normally.
1699**
1700** {F12505} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
1701**          [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused the
1702**          authorizer callback to run shall fail
1703**          with an [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an error message
1704**          explaining that access is denied.
1705**
1706** {F12506} If the authorizer code (the 2nd parameter to the authorizer
1707**          callback) is [SQLITE_READ] and the authorizer callback returns
1708**          [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the prepared statement is constructed to
1709**          insert a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
1710**          been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.
1711**
1712** {F12507} If the authorizer code (the 2nd parameter to the authorizer
1713**          callback) is anything other than [SQLITE_READ], then
1714**          a return of [SQLITE_IGNORE] has the same effect as [SQLITE_DENY].
1715**
1716** {F12510} The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of
1717**          the third parameter to the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface.
1718**
1719** {F12511} The second parameter to the callback is an integer
1720**          [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies the particular action
1721**          to be authorized.
1722**
1723** {F12512} The third through sixth parameters to the callback are
1724**          zero-terminated strings that contain
1725**          additional details about the action to be authorized.
1726**
1727** {F12520} Each call to [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] overrides the
1728**          any previously installed authorizer.
1729**
1730** {F12521} A NULL authorizer means that no authorization
1731**          callback is invoked.
1732**
1733** {F12522} The default authorizer is NULL.
1734*/
1735int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
1736  sqlite3*,
1737  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
1738  void *pUserData
1739);
1740
1741/*
1742** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes {F12590}
1743**
1744** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
1745** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
1746** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
1747** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
1748** information.
1749*/
1750#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
1751#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
1752
1753/*
1754** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes {F12550}
1755**
1756** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
1757** that is invoked to authorizer certain SQL statement actions.  The
1758** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
1759** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
1760** the authorizer callback may be passed.
1761**
1762** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
1763** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
1764** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
1765** codes is used as the second parameter.  The 5th parameter to the
1766** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
1767** etc.) if applicable.  The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
1768** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
1769** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
1770** top-level SQL code.
1771**
1772** INVARIANTS:
1773**
1774** {F12551} The second parameter to an
1775**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback is always an integer
1776**          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] that specifies what action
1777**          is being authorized.
1778**
1779** {F12552} The 3rd and 4th parameters to the
1780**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorization callback function]
1781**          will be parameters or NULL depending on which
1782**          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] is used as the second parameter.
1783**
1784** {F12553} The 5th parameter to the
1785**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is the name
1786**          of the database (example: "main", "temp", etc.) if applicable.
1787**
1788** {F12554} The 6th parameter to the
1789**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is the name
1790**          of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
1791**          the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
1792**          top-level SQL code.
1793*/
1794/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
1795#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1796#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1797#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1798#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1799#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1800#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
1801#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1802#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
1803#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1804#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1805#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1806#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1807#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1808#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1809#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
1810#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1811#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
1812#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1813#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
1814#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
1815#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
1816#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* NULL            NULL            */
1817#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
1818#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
1819#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
1820#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
1821#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
1822#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1823#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
1824#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
1825#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* Function Name   NULL            */
1826#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
1827
1828/*
1829** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions {F12280}
1830**
1831** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
1832** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
1833**
1834** The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
1835** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
1836** The callback returns a UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text
1837** as the statement first begins executing.  Additional callbacks occur
1838** as each triggersubprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
1839** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.
1840**
1841** The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
1842** as each SQL statement finishes.  The profile callback contains
1843** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
1844** of how long that statement took to run.
1845**
1846** The sqlite3_profile() API is currently considered experimental and
1847** is subject to change or removal in a future release.
1848**
1849** The trigger reporting feature of the trace callback is considered
1850** experimental and is subject to change or removal in future releases.
1851** Future versions of SQLite might also add new trace callback
1852** invocations.
1853**
1854** INVARIANTS:
1855**
1856** {F12281} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_trace()] is
1857**          whenever an SQL statement first begins to execute and
1858**          whenever a trigger subprogram first begins to run.
1859**
1860** {F12282} Each call to [sqlite3_trace()] overrides the previously
1861**          registered trace callback.
1862**
1863** {F12283} A NULL trace callback disables tracing.
1864**
1865** {F12284} The first argument to the trace callback is a copy of
1866**          the pointer which was the 3rd argument to [sqlite3_trace()].
1867**
1868** {F12285} The second argument to the trace callback is a
1869**          zero-terminated UTF8 string containing the original text
1870**          of the SQL statement as it was passed into [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
1871**          or the equivalent, or an SQL comment indicating the beginning
1872**          of a trigger subprogram.
1873**
1874** {F12287} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_profile()] is invoked
1875**          as each SQL statement finishes.
1876**
1877** {F12288} The first parameter to the profile callback is a copy of
1878**          the 3rd parameter to [sqlite3_profile()].
1879**
1880** {F12289} The second parameter to the profile callback is a
1881**          zero-terminated UTF-8 string that contains the complete text of
1882**          the SQL statement as it was processed by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
1883**          or the equivalent.
1884**
1885** {F12290} The third parameter to the profile  callback is an estimate
1886**          of the number of nanoseconds of wall-clock time required to
1887**          run the SQL statement from start to finish.
1888*/
1889void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
1890void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
1891   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
1892
1893/*
1894** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks {F12910}
1895**
1896** This routine configures a callback function - the
1897** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
1898** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
1899** [sqlite3_get_table()].   An example use for this
1900** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
1901**
1902** If the progress callback returns non-zero, the opertion is
1903** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
1904** "Cancel" button on a GUI dialog box.
1905**
1906** INVARIANTS:
1907**
1908** {F12911} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
1909**          is invoked periodically during long running calls to
1910**          [sqlite3_step()].
1911**
1912** {F12912} The progress callback is invoked once for every N virtual
1913**          machine opcodes, where N is the second argument to
1914**          the [sqlite3_progress_handler()] call that registered
1915**          the callback.  <todo>What if N is less than 1?</todo>
1916**
1917** {F12913} The progress callback itself is identified by the third
1918**          argument to [sqlite3_progress_handler()].
1919**
1920** {F12914} The fourth argument [sqlite3_progress_handler()] is a
1921***         void pointer passed to the progress callback
1922**          function each time it is invoked.
1923**
1924** {F12915} If a call to [sqlite3_step()] results in fewer than
1925**          N opcodes being executed,
1926**          then the progress callback is never invoked. {END}
1927**
1928** {F12916} Every call to [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
1929**          overwrites any previously registere progress handler.
1930**
1931** {F12917} If the progress handler callback is NULL then no progress
1932**          handler is invoked.
1933**
1934** {F12918} If the progress callback returns a result other than 0, then
1935**          the behavior is a if [sqlite3_interrupt()] had been called.
1936*/
1937void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
1938
1939/*
1940** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection {F12700}
1941**
1942** These routines open an SQLite database file whose name
1943** is given by the filename argument.
1944** The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8
1945** for [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] and as UTF-16
1946** in the native byte order for [sqlite3_open16()].
1947** An [sqlite3*] handle is usually returned in *ppDb, even
1948** if an error occurs.  The only exception is if SQLite is unable
1949** to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object, a NULL will
1950** be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3] object.
1951** If the database is opened (and/or created)
1952** successfully, then [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an
1953** error code is returned.  The
1954** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()]  routines can be used to obtain
1955** an English language description of the error.
1956**
1957** The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
1958** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()] is called and
1959** UTF-16 in the native byte order if [sqlite3_open16()] is used.
1960**
1961** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
1962** associated with the [sqlite3*] handle should be released by passing it
1963** to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
1964**
1965** The [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface works like [sqlite3_open()]
1966** except that it acccepts two additional parameters for additional control
1967** over the new database connection.  The flags parameter can be
1968** one of:
1969**
1970** <ol>
1971** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]
1972** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]
1973** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]
1974** </ol>
1975**
1976** The first value opens the database read-only.
1977** If the database does not previously exist, an error is returned.
1978** The second option opens
1979** the database for reading and writing if possible, or reading only if
1980** if the file is write protected.  In either case the database
1981** must already exist or an error is returned.  The third option
1982** opens the database for reading and writing and creates it if it does
1983** not already exist.
1984** The third options is behavior that is always used for [sqlite3_open()]
1985** and [sqlite3_open16()].
1986**
1987** If the 4th parameter to [sqlite3_open_v2()] is not one of the
1988** combinations shown above then the behavior is undefined.
1989**
1990** If the filename is ":memory:", then an private
1991** in-memory database is created for the connection.  This in-memory
1992** database will vanish when the database connection is closed.  Future
1993** version of SQLite might make use of additional special filenames
1994** that begin with the ":" character.  It is recommended that
1995** when a database filename really does begin with
1996** ":" that you prefix the filename with a pathname like "./" to
1997** avoid ambiguity.
1998**
1999** If the filename is an empty string, then a private temporary
2000** on-disk database will be created.  This private database will be
2001** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2002**
2003** The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2004** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system
2005** interface that the new database connection should use.  If the
2006** fourth parameter is a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs]
2007** object is used.
2008**
2009** <b>Note to windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2010** of [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] must be UTF-8, not whatever
2011** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2012** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2013** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
2014**
2015** INVARIANTS:
2016**
2017** {F12701} The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
2018**          [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces create a new
2019**          [database connection] associated with
2020**          the database file given in their first parameter.
2021**
2022** {F12702} The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8
2023**          for [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] and as UTF-16
2024**          in the native byte order for [sqlite3_open16()].
2025**
2026** {F12703} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
2027**          or [sqlite3_open_v2()] writes a pointer to a new
2028**          [database connection] into *ppDb.
2029**
2030** {F12704} The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
2031**          [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces return [SQLITE_OK] upon success,
2032**          or an appropriate [error code] on failure.
2033**
2034** {F12706} The default text encoding for a new database created using
2035**          [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()] will be UTF-8.
2036**
2037** {F12707} The default text encoding for a new database created using
2038**          [sqlite3_open16()] will be UTF-16.
2039**
2040** {F12709} The [sqlite3_open(F,D)] interface is equivalent to
2041**          [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,0)] where the G parameter is
2042**          [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]|[SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
2043**
2044** {F12711} If the G parameter to [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)] contains the
2045**          bit value [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] then the database is opened
2046**          for reading only.
2047**
2048** {F12712} If the G parameter to [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)] contains the
2049**          bit value [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] then the database is opened
2050**          reading and writing if possible, or for reading only if the
2051**          file is write protected by the operating system.
2052**
2053** {F12713} If the G parameter to [sqlite3_open(v2(F,D,G,V)] omits the
2054**          bit value [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] and the database does not
2055**          previously exist, an error is returned.
2056**
2057** {F12714} If the G parameter to [sqlite3_open(v2(F,D,G,V)] contains the
2058**          bit value [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] and the database does not
2059**          previously exist, then an attempt is made to create and
2060**          initialize the database.
2061**
2062** {F12717} If the filename argument to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
2063**          or [sqlite3_open_v2()] is ":memory:", then an private,
2064**          ephemeral, in-memory database is created for the connection.
2065**          <todo>Is SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE required
2066**          in sqlite3_open_v2()?</todo>
2067**
2068** {F12719} If the filename is NULL or an empty string, then a private,
2069**          ephermeral on-disk database will be created.
2070**          <todo>Is SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE required
2071**          in sqlite3_open_v2()?</todo>
2072**
2073** {F12721} The [database connection] created by
2074**          [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)] will use the
2075**          [sqlite3_vfs] object identified by the V parameter, or
2076**          the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is V is a NULL pointer.
2077*/
2078int sqlite3_open(
2079  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2080  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2081);
2082int sqlite3_open16(
2083  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2084  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2085);
2086int sqlite3_open_v2(
2087  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2088  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2089  int flags,              /* Flags */
2090  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2091);
2092
2093/*
2094** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages {F12800}
2095**
2096** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric
2097** [SQLITE_OK | result code] or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
2098** for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call associated
2099** with [sqlite3] handle 'db'. If a prior API call failed but the
2100** most recent API call succeeded, the return value from sqlite3_errcode()
2101** is undefined.
2102**
2103** The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2104** text that describes the error, as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
2105** Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2106** The application does not need to worry with freeing the result.
2107** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2108** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.
2109**
2110** INVARIANTS:
2111**
2112** {F12801} The [sqlite3_errcode(D)] interface returns the numeric
2113**          [SQLITE_OK | result code] or
2114**          [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
2115**          for the most recently failed interface call associated
2116**          with [database connection] D.
2117**
2118** {F12803} The [sqlite3_errmsg(D)] and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)]
2119**          interfaces return English-language text that describes
2120**          the error in the mostly recently failed interface call,
2121**          encoded as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
2122**
2123** {F12807} The strings returned by [sqlite3_errmsg()] and [sqlite3_errmsg16()]
2124**          are valid until the next SQLite interface call.
2125**
2126** {F12808} Calls to API routines that do not return an error code
2127**          (example: [sqlite3_data_count()]) do not
2128**          change the error code or message returned by
2129**          [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], or [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
2130**
2131** {F12809} Interfaces that are not associated with a specific
2132**          [database connection] (examples:
2133**          [sqlite3_mprintf()] or [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()]
2134**          do not change the values returned by
2135**          [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], or [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
2136*/
2137int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2138const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2139const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2140
2141/*
2142** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object {F13000}
2143** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2144**
2145** An instance of this object represent single SQL statements.  This
2146** object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2147** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2148**
2149** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2150**
2151** <ol>
2152** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2153**      function.
2154** <li> Bind values to host parameters using
2155**      [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* interfaces].
2156** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2157** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2158**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2159** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2160** </ol>
2161**
2162** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2163** information.
2164*/
2165typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2166
2167/*
2168** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits {F12760}
2169**
2170** This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2171** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2172** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2173** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2174** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2175** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.
2176**
2177** If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2178** For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a hard upper
2179** bound set by a compile-time C-preprocess macro named SQLITE_MAX_XYZ.
2180** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".)
2181** Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2182** silently truncated to the hard upper limit.
2183**
2184** Run time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2185** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2186** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2187** webbrowser that has its own databases for storing history and
2188** separate databases controlled by javascript applications downloaded
2189** off the internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2190** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2191** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2192** attach.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2193** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2194** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2195** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2196**
2197** This interface is currently considered experimental and is subject
2198** to change or removal without prior notice.
2199**
2200** INVARIANTS:
2201**
2202** {F12762} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] where V is
2203**          positive changes the
2204**          limit on the size of construct C in [database connection] D
2205**          to the lessor of V and the hard upper bound on the size
2206**          of C that is set at compile-time.
2207**
2208** {F12764} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] where V is zero
2209**          changes the limit on the size of construct C in
2210**          [database connection] D to be the hard upper bound on the size
2211**          of C that is set at compile-time.
2212**
2213** {F12766} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] where V is negative
2214**          leaves the state of [database connection] D unchanged.
2215**
2216** {F12769} A successful call to [sqlite3_limit(D,C,V)] returns the
2217**          value of the limit on the size of construct C in
2218**          in [database connection] D as it was prior to the call.
2219*/
2220int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2221
2222/*
2223** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories {F12790}
2224** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {limit categories}
2225**
2226** These constants define various aspects of a [database connection]
2227** that can be limited in size by calls to [sqlite3_limit()].
2228** The meanings of the various limits are as follows:
2229**
2230** <dl>
2231** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2232** <dd>The maximum size of any
2233** string or blob or table row.<dd>
2234**
2235** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2236** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement.</dd>
2237**
2238** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2239** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2240** result set of a SELECT or the maximum number of columns in an index
2241** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>
2242**
2243** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2244** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>
2245**
2246** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2247** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>
2248**
2249** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2250** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2251** used to implement an SQL statement.</dd>
2252**
2253** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2254** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>
2255**
2256** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2257** <dd>The maximum number of attached databases.</dd>
2258**
2259** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2260** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the LIKE or
2261** GLOB operators.</dd>
2262**
2263** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2264** <dd>The maximum number of variables in an SQL statement that can
2265** be bound.</dd>
2266** </dl>
2267*/
2268#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2269#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2270#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2271#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2272#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2273#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2274#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2275#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2276#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2277#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2278
2279/*
2280** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement {F13010}
2281**
2282** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2283** program using one of these routines.
2284**
2285** The first argument "db" is an [database connection]
2286** obtained from a prior call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()]
2287** or [sqlite3_open16()].
2288** The second argument "zSql" is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2289** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2290** interfaces uses UTF-8 and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2291** use UTF-16. {END}
2292**
2293** If the nByte argument is less
2294** than zero, then zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.
2295** If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum number of
2296** bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is non-negative, the
2297** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2298** until the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2299** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2300** performance advantage to be had by passing an nByte parameter that
2301** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2302** the nul-terminator bytes.{END}
2303**
2304** *pzTail is made to point to the first byte past the end of the
2305** first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only compiles the first
2306** statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to what remains
2307** uncompiled.
2308**
2309** *ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2310** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  Or if there is an error, *ppStmt is
2311** set to NULL.  If the input text contains no SQL (if the input
2312** is and empty string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2313** {U13018} The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the
2314** compiled SQL statement
2315** using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2316**
2317** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an
2318** [error code] is returned.
2319**
2320** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2321** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2322** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2323** In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2324** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2325** original SQL text. {END} This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2326** behave a differently in two ways:
2327**
2328** <ol>
2329** <li>
2330** If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2331** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2332** statement and try to run it again.  If the schema has changed in
2333** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
2334** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior,
2335** [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is now a fatal error.  Calling
2336** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
2337** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
2338** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return. {END}
2339** </li>
2340**
2341** <li>
2342** When an error occurs,
2343** [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2344** [error codes] or [extended error codes].
2345** The legacy behavior was that [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic
2346** [SQLITE_ERROR] result code and you would have to make a second call to
2347** [sqlite3_reset()] in order to find the underlying cause of the problem.
2348** With the "v2" prepare interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is
2349** returned immediately.
2350** </li>
2351** </ol>
2352**
2353** INVARIANTS:
2354**
2355** {F13011} The [sqlite3_prepare(db,zSql,...)] and
2356**          [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,...)] interfaces interpret the
2357**          text in their zSql parameter as UTF-8.
2358**
2359** {F13012} The [sqlite3_prepare16(db,zSql,...)] and
2360**          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2(db,zSql,...)] interfaces interpret the
2361**          text in their zSql parameter as UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2362**
2363** {F13013} If the nByte argument to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,nByte,...)]
2364**          and its variants is less than zero, then SQL text is
2365**          read from zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.
2366**
2367** {F13014} If the nByte argument to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,nByte,...)]
2368**          and its variants is non-negative, then nBytes bytes
2369**          SQL text is read from zSql.
2370**
2371** {F13015} In [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,N,P,pzTail)] and its variants
2372**          if the zSql input text contains more than one SQL statement
2373**          and pzTail is not NULL, then *pzTail is made to point to the
2374**          first byte past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.
2375**          <todo>What does *pzTail point to if there is one statement?</todo>
2376**
2377** {F13016} A successful call to [sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,zSql,N,ppStmt,...)]
2378**          or one of its variants writes into *ppStmt a pointer to a new
2379**          [prepared statement] or a pointer to NULL
2380**          if zSql contains nothing other than whitespace or comments.
2381**
2382** {F13019} The [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] interface and its variants return
2383**          [SQLITE_OK] or an appropriate [error code] upon failure.
2384**
2385** {F13021} Before [sqlite3_prepare(db,zSql,nByte,ppStmt,pzTail)] or its
2386**          variants returns an error (any value other than [SQLITE_OK])
2387**          it first sets *ppStmt to NULL.
2388*/
2389int sqlite3_prepare(
2390  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2391  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2392  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2393  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2394  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2395);
2396int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2397  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2398  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2399  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2400  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2401  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2402);
2403int sqlite3_prepare16(
2404  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2405  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2406  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2407  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2408  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2409);
2410int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2411  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2412  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2413  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2414  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2415  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2416);
2417
2418/*
2419** CAPIREF: Retrieving Statement SQL {F13100}
2420**
2421** This intereface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
2422** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement].
2423**
2424** INVARIANTS:
2425**
2426** {F13101} If the [prepared statement] passed as
2427**          the an argument to [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled
2428**          compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
2429**          [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2430**          then [sqlite3_sql()] function returns a pointer to a
2431**          zero-terminated string containing a UTF-8 rendering
2432**          of the original SQL statement.
2433**
2434** {F13102} If the [prepared statement] passed as
2435**          the an argument to [sqlite3_sql()] was compiled
2436**          compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare()] or
2437**          [sqlite3_prepare16()],
2438**          then [sqlite3_sql()] function returns a NULL pointer.
2439**
2440** {F13103} The string returned by [sqlite3_sql(S)] is valid until the
2441**          [prepared statement] S is deleted using [sqlite3_finalize(S)].
2442*/
2443const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2444
2445/*
2446** CAPI3REF:  Dynamically Typed Value Object  {F15000}
2447** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
2448**
2449** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
2450** that can be stored in a database table.
2451** SQLite uses dynamic typing for the values it stores.
2452** Values stored in sqlite3_value objects can be
2453** be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
2454**
2455** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
2456** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
2457** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
2458** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
2459** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
2460**
2461** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
2462** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
2463** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
2464** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
2465** (with SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
2466** then there is no distinction between
2467** protected and unprotected sqlite3_value objects and they can be
2468** used interchangable.  However, for maximum code portability it
2469** is recommended that applications make the distinction between
2470** between protected and unprotected sqlite3_value objects even if
2471** they are single threaded.
2472**
2473** The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
2474** implementation of application-defined SQL functions are protected.
2475** The sqlite3_value object returned by
2476** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
2477** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
2478** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].  All other
2479** interfaces that use sqlite3_value require protected sqlite3_value objects.
2480*/
2481typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
2482
2483/*
2484** CAPI3REF:  SQL Function Context Object {F16001}
2485**
2486** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
2487** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to an sqlite3_context
2488** object is always first parameter to application-defined SQL functions.
2489*/
2490typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
2491
2492/*
2493** CAPI3REF:  Binding Values To Prepared Statements {F13500}
2494**
2495** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its
2496** variants, literals may be replace by a parameter in one
2497** of these forms:
2498**
2499** <ul>
2500** <li>  ?
2501** <li>  ?NNN
2502** <li>  :VVV
2503** <li>  @VVV
2504** <li>  $VVV
2505** </ul>
2506**
2507** In the parameter forms shown above NNN is an integer literal,
2508** VVV alpha-numeric parameter name.
2509** The values of these parameters (also called "host parameter names"
2510** or "SQL parameters")
2511** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
2512**
2513** The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines always
2514** is a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
2515** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants. The second
2516** argument is the index of the parameter to be set. The
2517** first parameter has an index of 1.  When the same named
2518** parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
2519** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
2520** The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
2521** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()] API if desired.  The index
2522** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
2523** The NNN value must be between 1 and the compile-time
2524** parameter SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER (default value: 999).
2525**
2526** The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
2527**
2528** In those
2529** routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the number of bytes
2530** in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the number of <u>bytes</u>
2531** in the value, not the number of characters.   The number
2532** of bytes does not include the zero-terminator at the end of strings.
2533** If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
2534** number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
2535**
2536** The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
2537** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
2538** string after SQLite has finished with it. If the fifth argument is
2539** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
2540** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
2541** If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
2542** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
2543** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
2544**
2545** The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
2546** is filled with zeros.  A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
2547** (just an integer to hold it size) while it is being processed.
2548** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as place-holders for BLOBs whose
2549** content is later written using
2550** [sqlite3_blob_open | increment BLOB I/O] routines. A negative
2551** value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
2552**
2553** The sqlite3_bind_*() routines must be called after
2554** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] (and its variants) or [sqlite3_reset()] and
2555** before [sqlite3_step()].
2556** Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
2557** Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
2558**
2559** These routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an error code if
2560** anything goes wrong.  [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
2561** index is out of range.  [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc fails.
2562** [SQLITE_MISUSE] might be returned if these routines are called on a
2563** virtual machine that is the wrong state or which has already been finalized.
2564** Detection of misuse is unreliable.  Applications should not depend
2565** on SQLITE_MISUSE returns.  SQLITE_MISUSE is intended to indicate a
2566** a logic error in the application.  Future versions of SQLite might
2567** panic rather than return SQLITE_MISUSE.
2568**
2569** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
2570** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
2571** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2572**
2573** INVARIANTS:
2574**
2575** {F13506} The [sqlite3_prepare | SQL statement compiler] recognizes
2576**          tokens of the forms "?", "?NNN", "$VVV", ":VVV", and "@VVV"
2577**          as SQL parameters, where NNN is any sequence of one or more
2578**          digits and where VVV is any sequence of one or more
2579**          alphanumeric characters or "::" optionally followed by
2580**          a string containing no spaces and contained within parentheses.
2581**
2582** {F13509} The initial value of an SQL parameter is NULL.
2583**
2584** {F13512} The index of an "?" SQL parameter is one larger than the
2585**          largest index of SQL parameter to the left, or 1 if
2586**          the "?" is the leftmost SQL parameter.
2587**
2588** {F13515} The index of an "?NNN" SQL parameter is the integer NNN.
2589**
2590** {F13518} The index of an ":VVV", "$VVV", or "@VVV" SQL parameter is
2591**          the same as the index of leftmost occurances of the same
2592**          parameter, or one more than the largest index over all
2593**          parameters to the left if this is the first occurrance
2594**          of this parameter, or 1 if this is the leftmost parameter.
2595**
2596** {F13521} The [sqlite3_prepare | SQL statement compiler] fail with
2597**          an [SQLITE_RANGE] error if the index of an SQL parameter
2598**          is less than 1 or greater than SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER.
2599**
2600** {F13524} Calls to [sqlite3_bind_text | sqlite3_bind(S,N,V,...)]
2601**          associate the value V with all SQL parameters having an
2602**          index of N in the [prepared statement] S.
2603**
2604** {F13527} Calls to [sqlite3_bind_text | sqlite3_bind(S,N,...)]
2605**          override prior calls with the same values of S and N.
2606**
2607** {F13530} Bindings established by [sqlite3_bind_text | sqlite3_bind(S,...)]
2608**          persist across calls to [sqlite3_reset(S)].
2609**
2610** {F13533} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
2611**          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
2612**          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] SQLite binds the first L
2613**          bytes of the blob or string pointed to by V, when L
2614**          is non-negative.
2615**
2616** {F13536} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)] or
2617**          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] SQLite binds characters
2618**          from V through the first zero character when L is negative.
2619**
2620** {F13539} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
2621**          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
2622**          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] when D is the special
2623**          constant [SQLITE_STATIC], SQLite assumes that the value V
2624**          is held in static unmanaged space that will not change
2625**          during the lifetime of the binding.
2626**
2627** {F13542} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
2628**          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
2629**          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] when D is the special
2630**          constant [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], the routine makes a
2631**          private copy of V value before it returns.
2632**
2633** {F13545} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_blob(S,N,V,L,D)],
2634**          [sqlite3_bind_text(S,N,V,L,D)], or
2635**          [sqlite3_bind_text16(S,N,V,L,D)] when D is a pointer to
2636**          a function, SQLite invokes that function to destroy the
2637**          V value after it has finished using the V value.
2638**
2639** {F13548} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(S,N,V,L)] the value bound
2640**          is a blob of L bytes, or a zero-length blob if L is negative.
2641**
2642** {F13551} In calls to [sqlite3_bind_value(S,N,V)] the V argument may
2643**          be either a [protected sqlite3_value] object or an
2644**          [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
2645*/
2646int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
2647int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
2648int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
2649int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
2650int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
2651int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
2652int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
2653int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
2654int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
2655
2656/*
2657** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters {F13600}
2658**
2659** This routine can be used to find the number of SQL parameters
2660** in a prepared statement.  SQL parameters are tokens of the
2661** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
2662** place-holders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
2663** to the parameters at a later time.
2664**
2665** This routine actually returns the index of the largest parameter.
2666** For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the number of
2667** unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN are used, there may
2668** be gaps in the list.
2669**
2670** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2671** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
2672** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2673**
2674** INVARIANTS:
2675**
2676** {F13601} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(S)] interface returns
2677**          the largest index of all SQL parameters in the
2678**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S
2679**          contains no SQL parameters.
2680*/
2681int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
2682
2683/*
2684** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter {F13620}
2685**
2686** This routine returns a pointer to the name of the n-th
2687** SQL parameter in a [prepared statement].
2688** SQL parameters of the form ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA" have a name
2689** which is the string ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$VVV".
2690** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@"
2691** is included as part of the name.
2692** Parameters of the form "?" or "?NNN" have no name.
2693**
2694** The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
2695**
2696** If the value n is out of range or if the n-th parameter is
2697** nameless, then NULL is returned.  The returned string is
2698** always in the UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
2699** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
2700** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2701**
2702** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2703** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
2704** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2705**
2706** INVARIANTS:
2707**
2708** {F13621} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(S,N)] interface returns
2709**          a UTF-8 rendering of the name of the SQL parameter in
2710**          [prepared statement] S having index N, or
2711**          NULL if there is no SQL parameter with index N or if the
2712**          parameter with index N is an anonymous parameter "?" or
2713**          a numbered parameter "?NNN".
2714*/
2715const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
2716
2717/*
2718** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name {F13640}
2719**
2720** Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  The
2721** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
2722** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  A zero
2723** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  The parameter
2724** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
2725** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2726**
2727** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2728** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
2729** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2730**
2731** INVARIANTS:
2732**
2733** {F13641} The [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(S,N)] interface returns
2734**          the index of SQL parameter in [prepared statement]
2735**          S whose name matches the UTF-8 string N, or 0 if there is
2736**          no match.
2737*/
2738int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
2739
2740/*
2741** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement {F13660}
2742**
2743** Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not
2744** reset the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a
2745** [prepared statement].  Use this routine to
2746** reset all host parameters to NULL.
2747**
2748** INVARIANTS:
2749**
2750** {F13661} The [sqlite3_clear_bindings(S)] interface resets all
2751**          SQL parameter bindings in [prepared statement] S
2752**          back to NULL.
2753*/
2754int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
2755
2756/*
2757** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set {F13710}
2758**
2759** Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
2760** [prepared statement]. This routine returns 0
2761** if pStmt is an SQL statement that does not return data (for
2762** example an UPDATE).
2763**
2764** INVARIANTS:
2765**
2766** {F13711} The [sqlite3_column_count(S)] interface returns the number of
2767**          columns in the result set generated by the
2768**          [prepared statement] S, or 0 if S does not generate
2769**          a result set.
2770*/
2771int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2772
2773/*
2774** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set {F13720}
2775**
2776** These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
2777** in the result set of a SELECT statement.  The sqlite3_column_name()
2778** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF8 string
2779** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
2780** UTF16 string.  The first parameter is the
2781** [prepared statement] that implements the SELECT statement.
2782** The second parameter is the column number.  The left-most column is
2783** number 0.
2784**
2785** The returned string pointer is valid until either the
2786** [prepared statement] is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()]
2787** or until the next call sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16()
2788** on the same column.
2789**
2790** If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
2791** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
2792** NULL pointer is returned.
2793**
2794** The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
2795** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
2796** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
2797** one release of SQLite to the next.
2798**
2799** INVARIANTS:
2800**
2801** {F13721} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)]
2802**          interface returns the name
2803**          of the Nth column (where 0 is the left-most column) for the
2804**          result set of [prepared statement] S as a
2805**          zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
2806**
2807** {F13723} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)]
2808**          interface returns the name
2809**          of the Nth column (where 0 is the left-most column) for the
2810**          result set of [prepared statement] S as a
2811**          zero-terminated UTF-16 string in the native byte order.
2812**
2813** {F13724} The [sqlite3_column_name()] and [sqlite3_column_name16()]
2814**          interfaces return a NULL pointer if they are unable to
2815**          allocate memory memory to hold there normal return strings.
2816**
2817** {F13725} If the N parameter to [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)] or
2818**          [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)] is out of range, then the
2819**          interfaces returns a NULL pointer.
2820**
2821** {F13726} The strings returned by [sqlite3_column_name(S,N)] and
2822**          [sqlite3_column_name16(S,N)] are valid until the next
2823**          call to either routine with the same S and N parameters
2824**          or until [sqlite3_finalize(S)] is called.
2825**
2826** {F13727} When a result column of a [SELECT] statement contains
2827**          an AS clause, the name of that column is the indentifier
2828**          to the right of the AS keyword.
2829*/
2830const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
2831const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
2832
2833/*
2834** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result {F13740}
2835**
2836** These routines provide a means to determine what column of what
2837** table in which database a result of a SELECT statement comes from.
2838** The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
2839** either a UTF8 or UTF16 string.  The _database_ routines return
2840** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
2841** the origin_ routines return the column name.
2842** The returned string is valid until
2843** the [prepared statement] is destroyed using
2844** [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
2845** again in a different encoding.
2846**
2847** The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
2848** database, table, and column.
2849**
2850** The first argument to the following calls is a [prepared statement].
2851** These functions return information about the Nth column returned by
2852** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
2853**
2854** If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression
2855** or subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions
2856** return NULL.  These routine might also return NULL if a memory
2857** allocation error occurs.  Otherwise, they return the
2858** name of the attached database, table and column that query result
2859** column was extracted from.
2860**
2861** As with all other SQLite APIs, those postfixed with "16" return
2862** UTF-16 encoded strings, the other functions return UTF-8. {END}
2863**
2864** These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
2865** SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA preprocessor symbol defined.
2866**
2867** {U13751}
2868** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
2869** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
2870** undefined.
2871**
2872** INVARIANTS:
2873**
2874** {F13741} The [sqlite3_column_database_name(S,N)] interface returns either
2875**          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the database from which the
2876**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
2877**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
2878**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
2879**          to store the name.
2880**
2881** {F13742} The [sqlite3_column_database_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
2882**          the UTF-16 native byte order
2883**          zero-terminated name of the database from which the
2884**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
2885**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
2886**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
2887**          to store the name.
2888**
2889** {F13743} The [sqlite3_column_table_name(S,N)] interface returns either
2890**          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the table from which the
2891**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
2892**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
2893**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
2894**          to store the name.
2895**
2896** {F13744} The [sqlite3_column_table_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
2897**          the UTF-16 native byte order
2898**          zero-terminated name of the table from which the
2899**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
2900**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
2901**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
2902**          to store the name.
2903**
2904** {F13745} The [sqlite3_column_origin_name(S,N)] interface returns either
2905**          the UTF-8 zero-terminated name of the table column from which the
2906**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
2907**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
2908**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
2909**          to store the name.
2910**
2911** {F13746} The [sqlite3_column_origin_name16(S,N)] interface returns either
2912**          the UTF-16 native byte order
2913**          zero-terminated name of the table column from which the
2914**          Nth result column of [prepared statement] S
2915**          is extracted, or NULL if the the Nth column of S is a
2916**          general expression or if unable to allocate memory
2917**          to store the name.
2918**
2919** {F13748} The return values from
2920**          [sqlite3_column_database_name|column metadata interfaces]
2921**          are valid
2922**          for the lifetime of the [prepared statement]
2923**          or until the encoding is changed by another metadata
2924**          interface call for the same prepared statement and column.
2925**
2926** LIMITATIONS:
2927**
2928** {U13751} If two or more threads call one or more
2929**          [sqlite3_column_database_name|column metadata interfaces]
2930**          the same [prepared statement] and result column
2931**          at the same time then the results are undefined.
2932*/
2933const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2934const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2935const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2936const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2937const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2938const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2939
2940/*
2941** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result {F13760}
2942**
2943** The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
2944** If this statement is a SELECT statement and the Nth column of the
2945** returned result set of that SELECT is a table column (not an
2946** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
2947** column is returned.  If the Nth column of the result set is an
2948** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
2949** The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.  {END}
2950** For example, in the database schema:
2951**
2952** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
2953**
2954** And the following statement compiled:
2955**
2956** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
2957**
2958** Then this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second
2959** result column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column
2960** (i==0).
2961**
2962** SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  So just because a column
2963** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
2964** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
2965** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  Type
2966** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
2967** used to hold those values.
2968**
2969** INVARIANTS:
2970**
2971** {F13761}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)]
2972**           returns a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the
2973**           the declared datatype of the table column that appears
2974**           as the Nth column (numbered from 0) of the result set to the
2975**           [prepared statement] S.
2976**
2977** {F13762}  A successful call to [sqlite3_column_decltype16(S,N)]
2978**           returns a zero-terminated UTF-16 native byte order string
2979**           containing the declared datatype of the table column that appears
2980**           as the Nth column (numbered from 0) of the result set to the
2981**           [prepared statement] S.
2982**
2983** {F13763}  If N is less than 0 or N is greater than or equal to
2984**           the number of columns in [prepared statement] S
2985**           or if the Nth column of S is an expression or subquery rather
2986**           than a table column or if a memory allocation failure
2987**           occurs during encoding conversions, then
2988**           calls to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)] or
2989**           [sqlite3_column_decltype16(S,N)] return NULL.
2990*/
2991const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2992const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2993
2994/*
2995** CAPI3REF:  Evaluate An SQL Statement {F13200}
2996**
2997** After an [prepared statement] has been prepared with a call
2998** to either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or to one of
2999** the legacy interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()],
3000** then this function must be called one or more times to evaluate the
3001** statement.
3002**
3003** The details of the behavior of this sqlite3_step() interface depend
3004** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3005** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3006** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3007** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3008** interface will continue to be supported.
3009**
3010** In the lagacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3011** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3012** With the "v2" interface, any of the other [SQLITE_OK | result code]
3013** or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code] might be returned as
3014** well.
3015**
3016** [SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3017** database locks it needs to do its job.  If the statement is a COMMIT
3018** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3019** statement.  If the statement is not a COMMIT and occurs within a
3020** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3021** continuing.
3022**
3023** [SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3024** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3025** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3026** machine back to its initial state.
3027**
3028** If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then
3029** [SQLITE_ROW] is returned each time a new row of data is ready
3030** for processing by the caller. The values may be accessed using
3031** the [sqlite3_column_int | column access functions].
3032** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3033**
3034** [SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3035** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3036** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3037** With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (example:
3038** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3039** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3040** [prepared statement].  In the "v2" interface,
3041** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3042**
3043** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3044** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3045** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3046** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3047** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3048** more threads at the same moment in time.
3049**
3050** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b>
3051** In the legacy interface,
3052** the sqlite3_step() API always returns a generic error code,
3053** [SQLITE_ERROR], following any error other than [SQLITE_BUSY]
3054** and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call [sqlite3_reset()] or
3055** [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the specific
3056** [error codes] that better describes the error.
3057** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3058** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3059** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3060** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()], then the
3061** more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3062** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3063**
3064** INVARIANTS:
3065**
3066** {F13202}  If [prepared statement] S is ready to be
3067**           run, then [sqlite3_step(S)] advances that prepared statement
3068**           until to completion or until it is ready to return another
3069**           row of the result set or an interrupt or run-time error occurs.
3070**
3071** {F15304}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] causes the
3072**           [prepared statement] S to run to completion,
3073**           the function returns [SQLITE_DONE].
3074**
3075** {F15306}  When a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] stops because it is ready
3076**           to return another row of the result set, it returns
3077**           [SQLITE_ROW].
3078**
3079** {F15308}  If a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] encounters an
3080**           [sqlite3_interrupt|interrupt] or a run-time error,
3081**           it returns an appropraite error code that is not one of
3082**           [SQLITE_OK], [SQLITE_ROW], or [SQLITE_DONE].
3083**
3084** {F15310}  If an [sqlite3_interrupt|interrupt] or run-time error
3085**           occurs during a call to [sqlite3_step(S)]
3086**           for a [prepared statement] S created using
3087**           legacy interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or
3088**           [sqlite3_prepare16()] then the function returns either
3089**           [SQLITE_ERROR], [SQLITE_BUSY], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3090*/
3091int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3092
3093/*
3094** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set {F13770}
3095**
3096** Return the number of values in the current row of the result set.
3097**
3098** INVARIANTS:
3099**
3100** {F13771}  After a call to [sqlite3_step(S)] that returns
3101**           [SQLITE_ROW], the [sqlite3_data_count(S)] routine
3102**           will return the same value as the
3103**           [sqlite3_column_count(S)] function.
3104**
3105** {F13772}  After [sqlite3_step(S)] has returned any value other than
3106**           [SQLITE_ROW] or before [sqlite3_step(S)] has been
3107**           called on the [prepared statement] for
3108**           the first time since it was [sqlite3_prepare|prepared]
3109**           or [sqlite3_reset|reset], the [sqlite3_data_count(S)]
3110**           routine returns zero.
3111*/
3112int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3113
3114/*
3115** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes {F10265}
3116** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3117**
3118** {F10266}Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3119**
3120** <ul>
3121** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3122** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3123** <li> string
3124** <li> BLOB
3125** <li> NULL
3126** </ul> {END}
3127**
3128** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3129**
3130** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3131** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3132** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT not
3133** SQLITE_TEXT.
3134*/
3135#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3136#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3137#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3138#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3139#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3140# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3141#else
3142# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3143#endif
3144#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3145
3146/*
3147** CAPI3REF: Results Values From A Query {F13800}
3148**
3149** These routines form the "result set query" interface.
3150**
3151** These routines return information about
3152** a single column of the current result row of a query.  In every
3153** case the first argument is a pointer to the
3154** [prepared statement] that is being
3155** evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*] that was returned from
3156** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants) and
3157** the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3158** should be returned.  The left-most column of the result set
3159** has an index of 0.
3160**
3161** If the SQL statement is not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3162** the column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3163** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3164** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3165** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] has been call subsequently.
3166** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3167** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3168** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3169** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3170** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3171** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3172**
3173** The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns
3174** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3175** of the result column.  The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3176** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3177** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3178** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3179** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3180** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3181** following a type conversion.
3182**
3183** If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3184** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3185** If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3186** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3187** If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3188** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3189** the number of bytes in that string.
3190** The value returned does not include the zero terminator at the end
3191** of the string.  For clarity: the value returned is the number of
3192** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3193**
3194** Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3195** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  The return
3196** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length blob is an arbitrary
3197** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
3198**
3199** The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
3200** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
3201** The zero terminator is not included in this count.
3202**
3203** The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3204** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3205** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3206** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3207** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3208** to routines like
3209** [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or [sqlite3_value_bytes()],
3210** then the behavior is undefined.
3211**
3212** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  For
3213** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3214** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to do the conversion
3215** automatically.  The following table details the conversions that
3216** are applied:
3217**
3218** <blockquote>
3219** <table border="1">
3220** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3221**
3222** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3223** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3224** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3225** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3226** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3227** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3228** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as for INTEGER->TEXT
3229** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3230** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3231** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3232** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3233** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3234** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3235** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3236** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3237** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3238** </table>
3239** </blockquote>
3240**
3241** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3242** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3243** on equavalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3244** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3245** C programmers.
3246**
3247** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3248** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3249** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3250** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3251** in the following cases:
3252**
3253** <ul>
3254** <li><p>  The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text()
3255**          or sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3256**          need to be added to the string.</p></li>
3257**
3258** <li><p>  The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3259**          sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3260**          to UTF-16.</p></li>
3261**
3262** <li><p>  The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3263**          sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3264**          to UTF-8.</p></li>
3265** </ul>
3266**
3267** Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3268** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3269** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
3270** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometime it is
3271** not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3272**
3273** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3274** in one of the following ways:
3275**
3276**  <ul>
3277**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3278**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3279**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3280**  </ul>
3281**
3282** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(), sqlite3_column_blob(),
3283** or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result into the desired
3284** format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or sqlite3_column_bytes16() to
3285** find the size of the result.  Do not mix call to sqlite3_column_text() or
3286** sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes16().  And do not
3287** mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16() with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3288**
3289** The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3290** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3291** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  The memory space used to hold strings
3292** and blobs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3293** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3294** [sqlite3_free()].
3295**
3296** If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3297** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3298** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3299** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3300** [SQLITE_NOMEM].
3301**
3302** INVARIANTS:
3303**
3304** {F13803} The [sqlite3_column_blob(S,N)] interface converts the
3305**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3306**          [prepared statement] S into a blob and then returns a
3307**          pointer to the converted value.
3308**
3309** {F13806} The [sqlite3_column_bytes(S,N)] interface returns the
3310**          number of bytes in the blob or string (exclusive of the
3311**          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
3312**          most recent call to [sqlite3_column_blob(S,N)] or
3313**          [sqlite3_column_text(S,N)].
3314**
3315** {F13809} The [sqlite3_column_bytes16(S,N)] interface returns the
3316**          number of bytes in the string (exclusive of the
3317**          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
3318**          most recent call to [sqlite3_column_text16(S,N)].
3319**
3320** {F13812} The [sqlite3_column_double(S,N)] interface converts the
3321**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3322**          [prepared statement] S into a floating point value and
3323**          returns a copy of that value.
3324**
3325** {F13815} The [sqlite3_column_int(S,N)] interface converts the
3326**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3327**          [prepared statement] S into a 64-bit signed integer and
3328**          returns the lower 32 bits of that integer.
3329**
3330** {F13818} The [sqlite3_column_int64(S,N)] interface converts the
3331**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3332**          [prepared statement] S into a 64-bit signed integer and
3333**          returns a copy of that integer.
3334**
3335** {F13821} The [sqlite3_column_text(S,N)] interface converts the
3336**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3337**          [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated UTF-8
3338**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
3339**
3340** {F13824} The [sqlite3_column_text16(S,N)] interface converts the
3341**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3342**          [prepared statement] S into a zero-terminated 2-byte
3343**          aligned UTF-16 native byte order
3344**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
3345**
3346** {F13827} The [sqlite3_column_type(S,N)] interface returns
3347**          one of [SQLITE_NULL], [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT],
3348**          [SQLITE_TEXT], or [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
3349**          the Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3350**          [prepared statement] S.
3351**
3352** {F13830} The [sqlite3_column_value(S,N)] interface returns a
3353**          pointer to an [unprotected sqlite3_value] object for the
3354**          Nth column in the current row of the result set for
3355**          [prepared statement] S.
3356*/
3357const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3358int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3359int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3360double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3361int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3362sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3363const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3364const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3365int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3366sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3367
3368/*
3369** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object {F13300}
3370**
3371** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a
3372** [prepared statement]. If the statement was
3373** executed successfully, or not executed at all, then SQLITE_OK is returned.
3374** If execution of the statement failed then an
3375** [error code] or [extended error code]
3376** is returned.
3377**
3378** This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
3379** [prepared statement].  If the virtual machine has not
3380** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
3381** encountering an error or an interrupt.  (See [sqlite3_interrupt()].)
3382** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions cancelled,
3383** depending on the circumstances, and the
3384** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
3385**
3386** INVARIANTS:
3387**
3388** {F11302} The [sqlite3_finalize(S)] interface destroys the
3389**          [prepared statement] S and releases all
3390**          memory and file resources held by that object.
3391**
3392** {F11304} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3393**          [prepared statement] S returned an error,
3394**          then [sqlite3_finalize(S)] returns that same error.
3395*/
3396int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3397
3398/*
3399** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object {F13330}
3400**
3401** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a
3402** [prepared statement] object.
3403** back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3404** Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3405** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3406** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3407**
3408** {F11332} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3409**          back to the beginning of its program.
3410**
3411** {F11334} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for
3412**          [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3413**          or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3414**          then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3415**
3416** {F11336} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for
3417**          [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3418**          [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3419**
3420** {F11338} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3421**          of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on [prepared statement] S.
3422*/
3423int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3424
3425/*
3426** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions {F16100}
3427** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3428**
3429** These two functions (collectively known as
3430** "function creation routines") are used to add SQL functions or aggregates
3431** or to redefine the behavior of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The
3432** difference only between the two is that the second parameter, the
3433** name of the (scalar) function or aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for
3434** sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16 for sqlite3_create_function16().
3435**
3436** The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3437** function is to be added.  If a single
3438** program uses more than one [database connection] internally, then SQL
3439** functions must be added individually to each [database connection].
3440**
3441** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created
3442** or redefined.
3443** The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of the
3444** zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
3445** characters.  Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3446** will result in an SQLITE_ERROR error.
3447**
3448** The third parameter is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3449** aggregate takes. If this parameter is negative, then the SQL function or
3450** aggregate may take any number of arguments.
3451**
3452** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3453** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3454** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
3455** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3456** more efficient with one encoding than another.  It is allowed to
3457** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3458** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3459** When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3460** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3461** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what
3462** text encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be
3463** [SQLITE_ANY].
3464**
3465** The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation
3466** of the function can gain access to this pointer using
3467** [sqlite3_user_data()].
3468**
3469** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3470** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL
3471** function or aggregate. A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of
3472** the xFunc callback only, NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep
3473** and xFinal parameters. An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation
3474** of xStep and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an
3475** existing SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function
3476** callback.
3477**
3478** It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3479** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3480** arguments or differing perferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
3481** the implementation most closely matches the way in which the
3482** SQL function is used.
3483**
3484** INVARIANTS:
3485**
3486** {F16103} The [sqlite3_create_function16()] interface behaves exactly
3487**          like [sqlite3_create_function()] in every way except that it
3488**          interprets the zFunctionName argument as
3489**          zero-terminated UTF-16 native byte order instead of as a
3490**          zero-terminated UTF-8.
3491**
3492** {F16106} A successful invocation of
3493**          the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)] interface registers
3494**          or replaces callback functions in [database connection] D
3495**          used to implement the SQL function named X with N parameters
3496**          and having a perferred text encoding of E.
3497**
3498** {F16109} A successful call to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
3499**          replaces the P, F, S, and L values from any prior calls with
3500**          the same D, X, N, and E values.
3501**
3502** {F16112} The [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,...)] interface fails with
3503**          a return code of [SQLITE_ERROR] if the SQL function name X is
3504**          longer than 255 bytes exclusive of the zero terminator.
3505**
3506** {F16118} Either F must be NULL and S and L are non-NULL or else F
3507**          is non-NULL and S and L are NULL, otherwise
3508**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] returns [SQLITE_ERROR].
3509**
3510** {F16121} The [sqlite3_create_function(D,...)] interface fails with an
3511**          error code of [SQLITE_BUSY] if there exist [prepared statements]
3512**          associated with the [database connection] D.
3513**
3514** {F16124} The [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)] interface fails with an
3515**          error code of [SQLITE_ERROR] if parameter N (specifying the number
3516**          of arguments to the SQL function being registered) is less
3517**          than -1 or greater than 127.
3518**
3519** {F16127} When N is non-negative, the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)]
3520**          interface causes callbacks to be invoked for the SQL function
3521**          named X when the number of arguments to the SQL function is
3522**          exactly N.
3523**
3524** {F16130} When N is -1, the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)]
3525**          interface causes callbacks to be invoked for the SQL function
3526**          named X with any number of arguments.
3527**
3528** {F16133} When calls to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)]
3529**          specify multiple implementations of the same function X
3530**          and when one implementation has N>=0 and the other has N=(-1)
3531**          the implementation with a non-zero N is preferred.
3532**
3533** {F16136} When calls to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)]
3534**          specify multiple implementations of the same function X with
3535**          the same number of arguments N but with different
3536**          encodings E, then the implementation where E matches the
3537**          database encoding is preferred.
3538**
3539** {F16139} For an aggregate SQL function created using
3540**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,0,S,L)] the finializer
3541**          function L will always be invoked exactly once if the
3542**          step function S is called one or more times.
3543**
3544** {F16142} When SQLite invokes either the xFunc or xStep function of
3545**          an application-defined SQL function or aggregate created
3546**          by [sqlite3_create_function()] or [sqlite3_create_function16()],
3547**          then the array of [sqlite3_value] objects passed as the
3548**          third parameter are always [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3549*/
3550int sqlite3_create_function(
3551  sqlite3 *db,
3552  const char *zFunctionName,
3553  int nArg,
3554  int eTextRep,
3555  void *pApp,
3556  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3557  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3558  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3559);
3560int sqlite3_create_function16(
3561  sqlite3 *db,
3562  const void *zFunctionName,
3563  int nArg,
3564  int eTextRep,
3565  void *pApp,
3566  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3567  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3568  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3569);
3570
3571/*
3572** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings {F10267}
3573**
3574** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3575** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3576*/
3577#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3578#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3579#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3580#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3581#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3582#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3583
3584/*
3585** CAPI3REF: Obsolete Functions
3586**
3587** These functions are all now obsolete.  In order to maintain
3588** backwards compatibility with older code, we continue to support
3589** these functions.  However, new development projects should avoid
3590** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3591** using these functions, we are not going to tell you want they do.
3592*/
3593int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3594int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3595int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3596int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3597void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3598int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3599
3600/*
3601** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values {F15100}
3602**
3603** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3604** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3605** the function or aggregate.
3606**
3607** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3608** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3609** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3610** The 4th parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3611** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3612** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3613** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3614**
3615** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3616** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3617** object results in undefined behavior.
3618**
3619** These routines work just like the corresponding
3620** [sqlite3_column_blob | sqlite3_column_* routines] except that
3621** these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object pointer
3622** instead of an [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3623**
3624** The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF16 string
3625** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  The
3626** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3627** extract UTF16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3628**
3629** The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3630** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3631** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3632** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3633** words if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3634** then the conversion is done.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.  The
3635** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.
3636**
3637** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer that
3638** is returned from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3639** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3640** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3641** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3642**
3643** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3644** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3645**
3646**
3647** INVARIANTS:
3648**
3649** {F15103} The [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] interface converts the
3650**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a blob and then returns a
3651**          pointer to the converted value.
3652**
3653** {F15106} The [sqlite3_value_bytes(V)] interface returns the
3654**          number of bytes in the blob or string (exclusive of the
3655**          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
3656**          most recent call to [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] or
3657**          [sqlite3_value_text(V)].
3658**
3659** {F15109} The [sqlite3_value_bytes16(V)] interface returns the
3660**          number of bytes in the string (exclusive of the
3661**          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
3662**          most recent call to [sqlite3_value_text16(V)],
3663**          [sqlite3_value_text16be(V)], or [sqlite3_value_text16le(V)].
3664**
3665** {F15112} The [sqlite3_value_double(V)] interface converts the
3666**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a floating point value and
3667**          returns a copy of that value.
3668**
3669** {F15115} The [sqlite3_value_int(V)] interface converts the
3670**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a 64-bit signed integer and
3671**          returns the lower 32 bits of that integer.
3672**
3673** {F15118} The [sqlite3_value_int64(V)] interface converts the
3674**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a 64-bit signed integer and
3675**          returns a copy of that integer.
3676**
3677** {F15121} The [sqlite3_value_text(V)] interface converts the
3678**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a zero-terminated UTF-8
3679**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
3680**
3681** {F15124} The [sqlite3_value_text16(V)] interface converts the
3682**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a zero-terminated 2-byte
3683**          aligned UTF-16 native byte order
3684**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
3685**
3686** {F15127} The [sqlite3_value_text16be(V)] interface converts the
3687**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a zero-terminated 2-byte
3688**          aligned UTF-16 big-endian
3689**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
3690**
3691** {F15130} The [sqlite3_value_text16le(V)] interface converts the
3692**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a zero-terminated 2-byte
3693**          aligned UTF-16 little-endian
3694**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
3695**
3696** {F15133} The [sqlite3_value_type(V)] interface returns
3697**          one of [SQLITE_NULL], [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT],
3698**          [SQLITE_TEXT], or [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
3699**          the [sqlite3_value] object V.
3700**
3701** {F15136} The [sqlite3_value_numeric_type(V)] interface converts
3702**          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V into either an integer or
3703**          a floating point value if it can do so without loss of
3704**          information, and returns one of [SQLITE_NULL],
3705**          [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], or
3706**          [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
3707**          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V after the conversion attempt.
3708*/
3709const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3710int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3711int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3712double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3713int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3714sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3715const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3716const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3717const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3718const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3719int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3720int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3721
3722/*
3723** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context {F16210}
3724**
3725** The implementation of aggregate SQL functions use this routine to allocate
3726** a structure for storing their state.
3727** The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context() routine is
3728** is called for a particular aggregate, SQLite allocates nBytes of memory
3729** zeros that memory, and returns a pointer to it.
3730** On second and subsequent calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context()
3731** for the same aggregate function index, the same buffer is returned.
3732** The implementation
3733** of the aggregate can use the returned buffer to accumulate data.
3734**
3735** SQLite automatically frees the allocated buffer when the aggregate
3736** query concludes.
3737**
3738** The first parameter should be a copy of the
3739** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first
3740** parameter to the callback routine that implements the aggregate
3741** function.
3742**
3743** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3744** the aggregate SQL function is running.
3745**
3746** INVARIANTS:
3747**
3748** {F16211} The first invocation of [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] for
3749**          a particular instance of an aggregate function (for a particular
3750**          context C) causes SQLite to allocation N bytes of memory,
3751**          zero that memory, and return a pointer to the allocationed
3752**          memory.
3753**
3754** {F16213} If a memory allocation error occurs during
3755**          [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] then the function returns 0.
3756**
3757** {F16215} Second and subsequent invocations of
3758**          [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] for the same context pointer C
3759**          ignore the N parameter and return a pointer to the same
3760**          block of memory returned by the first invocation.
3761**
3762** {F16217} The memory allocated by [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] is
3763**          automatically freed on the next call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3764**          or [sqlite3_finalize()] for the [prepared statement] containing
3765**          the aggregate function associated with context C.
3766*/
3767void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
3768
3769/*
3770** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions {F16240}
3771**
3772** The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
3773** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
3774** of the the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3775** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3776** registered the application defined function. {END}
3777**
3778** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3779** the application-defined function is running.
3780**
3781** INVARIANTS:
3782**
3783** {F16243} The [sqlite3_user_data(C)] interface returns a copy of the
3784**          P pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
3785**          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
3786**          registered the SQL function associated with
3787**          [sqlite3_context] C.
3788*/
3789void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
3790
3791/*
3792** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions {F16250}
3793**
3794** The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
3795** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
3796** of the the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3797** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3798** registered the application defined function.
3799**
3800** INVARIANTS:
3801**
3802** {F16253} The [sqlite3_context_db_handle(C)] interface returns a copy of the
3803**          D pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
3804**          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
3805**          registered the SQL function associated with
3806**          [sqlite3_context] C.
3807*/
3808sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
3809
3810/*
3811** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data {F16270}
3812**
3813** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
3814** associate meta-data with argument values. If the same value is passed to
3815** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
3816** some circumstances the associated meta-data may be preserved. This may
3817** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
3818** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
3819** meta-data associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
3820** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
3821** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
3822** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
3823**
3824** The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the meta-data
3825** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
3826** value to the application-defined function.
3827** If no meta-data has been ever been set for the Nth
3828** argument of the function, or if the cooresponding function parameter
3829** has changed since the meta-data was set, then sqlite3_get_auxdata()
3830** returns a NULL pointer.
3831**
3832** The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the meta-data
3833** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the meta-data for the N-th
3834** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
3835** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
3836** not been destroyed.
3837** If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
3838** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
3839** the meta-data when the corresponding function parameter changes
3840** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
3841**
3842** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop meta-data on
3843** any parameter of any function at any time.  The only guarantee
3844** is that the destructor will be called before the metadata is
3845** dropped.
3846**
3847** In practice, meta-data is preserved between function calls for
3848** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
3849** values and SQL variables.
3850**
3851** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
3852** the SQL function is running.
3853**
3854** INVARIANTS:
3855**
3856** {F16272} The [sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N)] interface returns a pointer
3857**          to metadata associated with the Nth parameter of the SQL function
3858**          whose context is C, or NULL if there is no metadata associated
3859**          with that parameter.
3860**
3861** {F16274} The [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] interface assigns a metadata
3862**          pointer P to the Nth parameter of the SQL function with context
3863**          C.
3864**
3865** {F16276} SQLite will invoke the destructor D with a single argument
3866**          which is the metadata pointer P following a call to
3867**          [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] when SQLite ceases to hold
3868**          the metadata.
3869**
3870** {F16277} SQLite ceases to hold metadata for an SQL function parameter
3871**          when the value of that parameter changes.
3872**
3873** {F16278} When [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] is invoked, the destructor
3874**          is called for any prior metadata associated with the same function
3875**          context C and parameter N.
3876**
3877** {F16279} SQLite will call destructors for any metadata it is holding
3878**          in a particular [prepared statement] S when either
3879**          [sqlite3_reset(S)] or [sqlite3_finalize(S)] is called.
3880*/
3881void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
3882void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
3883
3884
3885/*
3886** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior {F10280}
3887**
3888** These are special value for the destructor that is passed in as the
3889** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  If the destructor
3890** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
3891** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  The
3892** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
3893** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
3894** the content before returning.
3895**
3896** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
3897** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
3898*/
3899typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
3900#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
3901#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
3902
3903/*
3904** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function {F16400}
3905**
3906** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
3907** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
3908** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3909** for additional information.
3910**
3911** These functions work very much like the
3912** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*] family of functions used
3913** to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
3914** Refer to the
3915** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* documentation] for
3916** additional information.
3917**
3918** The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
3919** an application defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
3920** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
3921** third parameter.
3922** The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() inerfaces set the result of
3923** the application defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
3924** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
3925**
3926** The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
3927** an application defined function to be a floating point value specified
3928** by its 2nd argument.
3929**
3930** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
3931** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
3932** SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
3933** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
3934** as the text of an error message.  SQLite interprets the error
3935** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF8. SQLite
3936** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF16 in native
3937** byte order.  If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
3938** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
3939** message all text up through the first zero character.
3940** If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
3941** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
3942** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
3943** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
3944** routines make a copy private copy of the error message text before
3945** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
3946** modify the text after they return without harm.
3947** The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
3948** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  By default,
3949** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
3950** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
3951**
3952** The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite
3953** to throw an error indicating that a string or BLOB is to long
3954** to represent.  The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface
3955** causes SQLite to throw an exception indicating that the a
3956** memory allocation failed.
3957**
3958** The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
3959** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
3960** value given in the 2nd argument.
3961** The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
3962** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
3963** value given in the 2nd argument.
3964**
3965** The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
3966** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
3967**
3968** The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
3969** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
3970** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
3971** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
3972** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
3973** SQLite takes the text result from the application from
3974** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
3975** If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3976** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
3977** through the first zero character.
3978** If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3979** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
3980** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
3981** function result.
3982** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3983** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
3984** function as the destructor on the text or blob result when it has
3985** finished using that result.
3986** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3987** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then
3988** SQLite assumes that the text or blob result is constant space and
3989** does not copy the space or call a destructor when it has
3990** finished using that result.
3991** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3992** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
3993** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
3994** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
3995**
3996** The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
3997** the application-defined function to be a copy the
3998** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  The
3999** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4000** so that [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4001** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4002** A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4003** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4004** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4005**
4006** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4007** than the one containing the application-defined function that recieved
4008** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4009**
4010** INVARIANTS:
4011**
4012** {F16403} The default return value from any SQL function is NULL.
4013**
4014** {F16406} The [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
4015**          return value of function C to be a blob that is N bytes
4016**          in length and with content pointed to by V.
4017**
4018** {F16409} The [sqlite3_result_double(C,V)] interface changes the
4019**          return value of function C to be the floating point value V.
4020**
4021** {F16412} The [sqlite3_result_error(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
4022**          value of function C to be an exception with error code
4023**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF8 error message copied from V up to the
4024**          first zero byte or until N bytes are read if N is positive.
4025**
4026** {F16415} The [sqlite3_result_error16(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
4027**          value of function C to be an exception with error code
4028**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF16 native byte order error message
4029**          copied from V up to the first zero terminator or until N bytes
4030**          are read if N is positive.
4031**
4032** {F16418} The [sqlite3_result_error_toobig(C)] interface changes the return
4033**          value of the function C to be an exception with error code
4034**          [SQLITE_TOOBIG] and an appropriate error message.
4035**
4036** {F16421} The [sqlite3_result_error_nomem(C)] interface changes the return
4037**          value of the function C to be an exception with error code
4038**          [SQLITE_NOMEM] and an appropriate error message.
4039**
4040** {F16424} The [sqlite3_result_error_code(C,E)] interface changes the return
4041**          value of the function C to be an exception with error code E.
4042**          The error message text is unchanged.
4043**
4044** {F16427} The [sqlite3_result_int(C,V)] interface changes the
4045**          return value of function C to be the 32-bit integer value V.
4046**
4047** {F16430} The [sqlite3_result_int64(C,V)] interface changes the
4048**          return value of function C to be the 64-bit integer value V.
4049**
4050** {F16433} The [sqlite3_result_null(C)] interface changes the
4051**          return value of function C to be NULL.
4052**
4053** {F16436} The [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
4054**          return value of function C to be the UTF8 string
4055**          V up through the first zero or until N bytes are read if N
4056**          is positive.
4057**
4058** {F16439} The [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
4059**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 native byte order
4060**          string  V up through the first zero or until N bytes are read if N
4061**          is positive.
4062**
4063** {F16442} The [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
4064**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 big-endian
4065**          string  V up through the first zero or until N bytes are read if N
4066**          is positive.
4067**
4068** {F16445} The [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
4069**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 little-endian
4070**          string  V up through the first zero or until N bytes are read if N
4071**          is positive.
4072**
4073** {F16448} The [sqlite3_result_value(C,V)] interface changes the
4074**          return value of function C to be [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4075**          object V.
4076**
4077** {F16451} The [sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N)] interface changes the
4078**          return value of function C to be an N-byte blob of all zeros.
4079**
4080** {F16454} The [sqlite3_result_error()] and [sqlite3_result_error16()]
4081**          interfaces make a copy of their error message strings before
4082**          returning.
4083**
4084** {F16457} If the D destructor parameter to [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)],
4085**          [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)], [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)],
4086**          [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)], or
4087**          [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] is the constant [SQLITE_STATIC]
4088**          then no destructor is ever called on the pointer V and SQLite
4089**          assumes that V is immutable.
4090**
4091** {F16460} If the D destructor parameter to [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)],
4092**          [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)], [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)],
4093**          [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)], or
4094**          [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] is the constant
4095**          [SQLITE_TRANSIENT] then the interfaces makes a copy of the
4096**          content of V and retains the copy.
4097**
4098** {F16463} If the D destructor parameter to [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)],
4099**          [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)], [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)],
4100**          [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)], or
4101**          [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] is some value other than
4102**          the constants [SQLITE_STATIC] and [SQLITE_TRANSIENT] then
4103**          SQLite will invoke the destructor D with V as its only argument
4104**          when it has finished with the V value.
4105*/
4106void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4107void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4108void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4109void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4110void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4111void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4112void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4113void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4114void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4115void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4116void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4117void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4118void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4119void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4120void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4121void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4122
4123/*
4124** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences {F16600}
4125**
4126** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
4127** [sqlite3*] handle specified as the first argument.
4128**
4129** The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
4130** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4131** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). In all cases
4132** the name is passed as the second function argument.
4133**
4134** The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
4135** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
4136** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
4137** UTF-16 little-endian or UTF-16 big-endian respectively. The
4138** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] to indicate that
4139** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
4140** of UTF16 in the native byte order of the host computer.
4141**
4142** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
4143** argument.  If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
4144** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
4145** Each time the application
4146** supplied function is invoked, it is passed a copy of the void* passed as
4147** the fourth argument to sqlite3_create_collation() or
4148** sqlite3_create_collation16() as its first parameter.
4149**
4150** The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
4151** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
4152** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
4153** registered. {END} The application defined collation routine should
4154** return negative, zero or positive if
4155** the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second
4156** string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
4157**
4158** The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4159** excapt that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
4160** the collation.  The destructor is called when the collation is
4161** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
4162** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
4163** Collations are destroyed when
4164** they are overridden by later calls to the collation creation functions
4165** or when the [sqlite3*] database handle is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4166**
4167** INVARIANTS:
4168**
4169** {F16603} A successful call to the
4170**          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] interface
4171**          registers function F as the comparison function used to
4172**          implement collation X on [database connection] B for
4173**          databases having encoding E.
4174**
4175** {F16604} SQLite understands the X parameter to
4176**          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] as a zero-terminated
4177**          UTF-8 string in which case is ignored for ASCII characters and
4178**          is significant for non-ASCII characters.
4179**
4180** {F16606} Successive calls to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
4181**          with the same values for B, X, and E, override prior values
4182**          of P, F, and D.
4183**
4184** {F16609} The destructor D in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
4185**          is not NULL then it is called with argument P when the
4186**          collating function is dropped by SQLite.
4187**
4188** {F16612} A collating function is dropped when it is overloaded.
4189**
4190** {F16615} A collating function is dropped when the database connection
4191**          is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4192**
4193** {F16618} The pointer P in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
4194**          is passed through as the first parameter to the comparison
4195**          function F for all subsequent invocations of F.
4196**
4197** {F16621} A call to [sqlite3_create_collation(B,X,E,P,F)] is exactly
4198**          the same as a call to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()] with
4199**          the same parameters and a NULL destructor.
4200**
4201** {F16624} Following a [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)],
4202**          SQLite uses the comparison function F for all text comparison
4203**          operations on [database connection] B on text values that
4204**          use the collating sequence name X.
4205**
4206** {F16627} The [sqlite3_create_collation16(B,X,E,P,F)] works the same
4207**          as [sqlite3_create_collation(B,X,E,P,F)] except that the
4208**          collation name X is understood as UTF-16 in native byte order
4209**          instead of UTF-8.
4210**
4211** {F16630} When multiple comparison functions are available for the same
4212**          collating sequence, SQLite chooses the one whose text encoding
4213**          requires the least amount of conversion from the default
4214**          text encoding of the database.
4215*/
4216int sqlite3_create_collation(
4217  sqlite3*,
4218  const char *zName,
4219  int eTextRep,
4220  void*,
4221  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4222);
4223int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4224  sqlite3*,
4225  const char *zName,
4226  int eTextRep,
4227  void*,
4228  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4229  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4230);
4231int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4232  sqlite3*,
4233  const char *zName,
4234  int eTextRep,
4235  void*,
4236  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4237);
4238
4239/*
4240** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks {F16700}
4241**
4242** To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4243** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4244** database handle to be called whenever an undefined collation sequence is
4245** required.
4246**
4247** If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4248** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4249** encoded in UTF-8. {F16703} If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used, the names
4250** are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order. A call to either
4251** function replaces any existing callback.
4252**
4253** When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4254** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4255** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4256** handle.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
4257** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most
4258** desirable form of the collation sequence function required.
4259** The fourth parameter is the name of the
4260** required collation sequence.
4261**
4262** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4263** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4264** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4265**
4266** INVARIANTS:
4267**
4268** {F16702} A successful call to [sqlite3_collation_needed(D,P,F)]
4269**          or [sqlite3_collation_needed16(D,P,F)] causes
4270**          the [database connection] D to invoke callback F with first
4271**          parameter P whenever it needs a comparison function for a
4272**          collating sequence that it does not know about.
4273**
4274** {F16704} Each successful call to [sqlite3_collation_needed()] or
4275**          [sqlite3_collation_needed16()] overrides the callback registered
4276**          on the same [database connection] by prior calls to either
4277**          interface.
4278**
4279** {F16706} The name of the requested collating function passed in the
4280**          4th parameter to the callback is in UTF-8 if the callback
4281**          was registered using [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and
4282**          is in UTF-16 native byte order if the callback was
4283**          registered using [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4284**
4285**
4286*/
4287int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4288  sqlite3*,
4289  void*,
4290  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4291);
4292int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4293  sqlite3*,
4294  void*,
4295  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4296);
4297
4298/*
4299** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4300** called right after sqlite3_open().
4301**
4302** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4303** of SQLite.
4304*/
4305int sqlite3_key(
4306  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4307  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4308);
4309
4310/*
4311** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4312** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4313** database is decrypted.
4314**
4315** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4316** of SQLite.
4317*/
4318int sqlite3_rekey(
4319  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4320  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4321);
4322
4323/*
4324** CAPI3REF:  Suspend Execution For A Short Time {F10530}
4325**
4326** The sqlite3_sleep() function
4327** causes the current thread to suspend execution
4328** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4329**
4330** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4331** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4332** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4333** requested from the operating system is returned.
4334**
4335** SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4336** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
4337**
4338** INVARIANTS:
4339**
4340** {F10533} The [sqlite3_sleep(M)] interface invokes the xSleep
4341**          method of the default [sqlite3_vfs|VFS] in order to
4342**          suspend execution of the current thread for at least
4343**          M milliseconds.
4344**
4345** {F10536} The [sqlite3_sleep(M)] interface returns the number of
4346**          milliseconds of sleep actually requested of the operating
4347**          system, which might be larger than the parameter M.
4348*/
4349int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4350
4351/*
4352** CAPI3REF:  Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files {F10310}
4353**
4354** If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4355** the name of a folder (a.ka. directory), then all temporary files
4356** created by SQLite will be placed in that directory.  If this variable
4357** is NULL pointer, then SQLite does a search for an appropriate temporary
4358** file directory.
4359**
4360** It is not safe to modify this variable once a database connection
4361** has been opened.  It is intended that this variable be set once
4362** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4363** routines have been call and remain unchanged thereafter.
4364*/
4365SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4366
4367/*
4368** CAPI3REF:  Test To See If The Database Is In Auto-Commit Mode {F12930}
4369**
4370** The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interfaces returns non-zero or
4371** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4372** respectively.   Autocommit mode is on
4373** by default.  Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4374** Autocommit mode is reenabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4375**
4376** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4377** transactions (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4378** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4379** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4380** find out if SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4381** an error is to use this function.
4382**
4383** INVARIANTS:
4384**
4385** {F12931} The [sqlite3_get_autocommit(D)] interface returns non-zero or
4386**          zero if the [database connection] D is or is not in autocommit
4387**          mode, respectively.
4388**
4389** {F12932} Autocommit mode is on by default.
4390**
4391** {F12933} Autocommit mode is disabled by a successful [BEGIN] statement.
4392**
4393** {F12934} Autocommit mode is enabled by a successful [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK]
4394**          statement.
4395**
4396**
4397** LIMITATIONS:
4398***
4399** {U12936} If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4400**          connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4401**          is undefined.
4402*/
4403int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4404
4405/*
4406** CAPI3REF:  Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement {F13120}
4407**
4408** The sqlite3_db_handle interface
4409** returns the [sqlite3*] database handle to which a
4410** [prepared statement] belongs.
4411** The database handle returned by sqlite3_db_handle
4412** is the same database handle that was
4413** the first argument to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants
4414** that was used to create the statement in the first place.
4415**
4416** INVARIANTS:
4417**
4418** {F13123} The [sqlite3_db_handle(S)] interface returns a pointer
4419**          to the [database connection] associated with
4420**          [prepared statement] S.
4421*/
4422sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4423
4424
4425/*
4426** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks {F12950}
4427**
4428** The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4429** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is committed.
4430** Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4431** for the same database connection is overridden.
4432** The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4433** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is committed.
4434** Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4435** for the same database connection is overridden.
4436** The pArg argument is passed through
4437** to the callback.  If the callback on a commit hook function
4438** returns non-zero, then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4439**
4440** If another function was previously registered, its
4441** pArg value is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
4442**
4443** Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4444**
4445** For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4446** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4447** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4448** The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4449** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4450** The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4451** rolled back because a commit callback returned non-zero.
4452** <todo> Check on this </todo>
4453**
4454** These are experimental interfaces and are subject to change.
4455**
4456** INVARIANTS:
4457**
4458** {F12951} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface registers the
4459**          callback function F to be invoked with argument P whenever
4460**          a transaction commits on [database connection] D.
4461**
4462** {F12952} The [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P
4463**          argument from the previous call with the same
4464**          [database connection ] D , or NULL on the first call
4465**          for a particular [database connection] D.
4466**
4467** {F12953} Each call to [sqlite3_commit_hook()] overwrites the callback
4468**          registered by prior calls.
4469**
4470** {F12954} If the F argument to [sqlite3_commit_hook(D,F,P)] is NULL
4471**          then the commit hook callback is cancelled and no callback
4472**          is invoked when a transaction commits.
4473**
4474** {F12955} If the commit callback returns non-zero then the commit is
4475**          converted into a rollback.
4476**
4477** {F12961} The [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] interface registers the
4478**          callback function F to be invoked with argument P whenever
4479**          a transaction rolls back on [database connection] D.
4480**
4481** {F12962} The [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the P
4482**          argument from the previous call with the same
4483**          [database connection ] D , or NULL on the first call
4484**          for a particular [database connection] D.
4485**
4486** {F12963} Each call to [sqlite3_rollback_hook()] overwrites the callback
4487**          registered by prior calls.
4488**
4489** {F12964} If the F argument to [sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,F,P)] is NULL
4490**          then the rollback hook callback is cancelled and no callback
4491**          is invoked when a transaction rolls back.
4492*/
4493void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4494void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4495
4496/*
4497** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks {F12970}
4498**
4499** The sqlite3_update_hook() interface
4500** registers a callback function with the database connection identified by the
4501** first argument to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4502** Any callback set by a previous call to this function for the same
4503** database connection is overridden.
4504**
4505** The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4506** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4507** The first argument to the callback is
4508** a copy of the third argument to sqlite3_update_hook().
4509** The second callback
4510** argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
4511** depending on the operation that caused the callback to be invoked.
4512** The third and
4513** fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the database and
4514** table name containing the affected row.
4515** The final callback parameter is
4516** the rowid of the row.
4517** In the case of an update, this is the rowid after
4518** the update takes place.
4519**
4520** The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4521** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).
4522**
4523** If another function was previously registered, its pArg value
4524** is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
4525**
4526** INVARIANTS:
4527**
4528** {F12971} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface causes callback
4529**          function F to be invoked with first parameter P whenever
4530**          a table row is modified, inserted, or deleted on
4531**          [database connection] D.
4532**
4533** {F12973} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface returns the value
4534**          of P for the previous call on the same [database connection] D,
4535**          or NULL for the first call.
4536**
4537** {F12975} If the update hook callback F in [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)]
4538**          is NULL then the no update callbacks are made.
4539**
4540** {F12977} Each call to [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] overrides prior calls
4541**          to the same interface on the same [database connection] D.
4542**
4543** {F12979} The update hook callback is not invoked when internal system
4544**          tables such as sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence are modified.
4545**
4546** {F12981} The second parameter to the update callback
4547**          is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
4548**          depending on the operation that caused the callback to be invoked.
4549**
4550** {F12983} The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers
4551**          to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings which are the names of the
4552**          database and table that is being updated.
4553
4554** {F12985} The final callback parameter is the rowid of the row after
4555**          the change occurs.
4556*/
4557void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4558  sqlite3*,
4559  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4560  void*
4561);
4562
4563/*
4564** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache {F10330}
4565**
4566** This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4567** and schema data structures between connections to the same database.
4568** Sharing is enabled if the argument is true and disabled if the argument
4569** is false.
4570**
4571** Cache sharing is enabled and disabled
4572** for an entire process. {END} This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0.
4573** In prior versions of SQLite, sharing was
4574** enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4575**
4576** The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4577** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4578** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4579** that was in effect at the time they were opened.
4580**
4581** Virtual tables cannot be used with a shared cache.   When shared
4582** cache is enabled, the [sqlite3_create_module()] API used to register
4583** virtual tables will always return an error.
4584**
4585** This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was
4586** enabled or disabled successfully.  An [error code]
4587** is returned otherwise.
4588**
4589** Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4590** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4591** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4592**
4593** INVARIANTS:
4594**
4595** {F10331} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(B)]
4596**          will enable or disable shared cache mode for any subsequently
4597**          created [database connection] in the same process.
4598**
4599** {F10336} When shared cache is enabled, the [sqlite3_create_module()]
4600**          interface will always return an error.
4601**
4602** {F10337} The [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(B)] interface returns
4603**          [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled successfully.
4604**
4605** {F10339} Shared cache is disabled by default.
4606*/
4607int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4608
4609/*
4610** CAPI3REF:  Attempt To Free Heap Memory {F17340}
4611**
4612** The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to
4613** free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory
4614** allocations held by the database labrary. {END}  Memory used
4615** to cache database pages to improve performance is an example of
4616** non-essential memory.  Sqlite3_release_memory() returns
4617** the number of bytes actually freed, which might be more or less
4618** than the amount requested.
4619**
4620** INVARIANTS:
4621**
4622** {F17341} The [sqlite3_release_memory(N)] interface attempts to
4623**          free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential
4624**          memory allocations held by the database labrary.
4625**
4626** {F16342} The [sqlite3_release_memory(N)] returns the number
4627**          of bytes actually freed, which might be more or less
4628**          than the amount requested.
4629*/
4630int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4631
4632/*
4633** CAPI3REF:  Impose A Limit On Heap Size {F17350}
4634**
4635** The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface
4636** places a "soft" limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated
4637** by SQLite. If an internal allocation is requested
4638** that would exceed the soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is
4639** invoked one or more times to free up some space before the allocation
4640** is made.
4641**
4642** The limit is called "soft", because if
4643** [sqlite3_release_memory()] cannot
4644** free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
4645** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
4646**
4647** A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
4648** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
4649** The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
4650**
4651** SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
4652** But if the soft heap limit cannot honored, execution will
4653** continue without error or notification.  This is why the limit is
4654** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
4655**
4656** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
4657** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
4658** runs.  Beginning with SQLite version 3.5.0, the soft heap limit is
4659** applied to all threads. The value specified for the soft heap limit
4660** is an upper bound on the total memory allocation for all threads. In
4661** version 3.5.0 there is no mechanism for limiting the heap usage for
4662** individual threads.
4663**
4664** INVARIANTS:
4665**
4666** {F16351} The [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)] interface places a soft limit
4667**          of N bytes on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated
4668**          using [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] at any point
4669**          in time.
4670**
4671** {F16352} If a call to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] would
4672**          cause the total amount of allocated memory to exceed the
4673**          soft heap limit, then [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked
4674**          in an attempt to reduce the memory usage prior to proceeding
4675**          with the memory allocation attempt.
4676**
4677** {F16353} Calls to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that trigger
4678**          attempts to reduce memory usage through the soft heap limit
4679**          mechanism continue even if the attempt to reduce memory
4680**          usage is unsuccessful.
4681**
4682** {F16354} A negative or zero value for N in a call to
4683**          [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)] means that there is no soft
4684**          heap limit and [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be
4685**          called when memory is completely exhausted.
4686**
4687** {F16355} The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
4688**
4689** {F16358} Each call to [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)] overrides the
4690**          values set by all prior calls.
4691*/
4692void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
4693
4694/*
4695** CAPI3REF:  Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table {F12850}
4696**
4697** This routine
4698** returns meta-data about a specific column of a specific database
4699** table accessible using the connection handle passed as the first function
4700** argument.
4701**
4702** The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4703** this function. The second parameter is either the name of the database
4704** (i.e. "main", "temp" or an attached database) containing the specified
4705** table or NULL. If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4706** for the table using the same algorithm as the database engine uses to
4707** resolve unqualified table references.
4708**
4709** The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4710** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4711** may be NULL.
4712**
4713** Meta information is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as
4714** the 5th and subsequent parameters to this function. Any of these
4715** arguments may be NULL, in which case the corresponding element of meta
4716** information is ommitted.
4717**
4718** <pre>
4719** Parameter     Output Type      Description
4720** -----------------------------------
4721**
4722**   5th         const char*      Data type
4723**   6th         const char*      Name of the default collation sequence
4724**   7th         int              True if the column has a NOT NULL constraint
4725**   8th         int              True if the column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4726**   9th         int              True if the column is AUTOINCREMENT
4727** </pre>
4728**
4729**
4730** The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4731** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4732** call to any sqlite API function.
4733**
4734** If the specified table is actually a view, then an error is returned.
4735**
4736** If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4737** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4738** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. If there is no
4739** explicitly declared IPK column, then the output parameters are set as
4740** follows:
4741**
4742** <pre>
4743**     data type: "INTEGER"
4744**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4745**     not null: 0
4746**     primary key: 1
4747**     auto increment: 0
4748** </pre>
4749**
4750** This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4751** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4752** cannot be found, an SQLITE error code is returned and an error message
4753** left in the database handle (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).
4754**
4755** This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4756** SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA preprocessor symbol defined.
4757*/
4758int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4759  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4760  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4761  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4762  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4763  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4764  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4765  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4766  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4767  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4768);
4769
4770/*
4771** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension {F12600}
4772**
4773** {F12601} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface
4774** attempts to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
4775** zFile. {F12602} The entry point is zProc. {F12603} zProc may be 0
4776** in which case the name of the entry point defaults
4777** to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4778**
4779** {F12604} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall
4780** return [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4781**
4782** {F12605}
4783** If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4784** sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall attempt to fill *pzErrMsg with
4785** error message text stored in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
4786** {END}  The calling function should free this memory
4787** by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4788**
4789** {F12606}
4790** Extension loading must be enabled using [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()]
4791** prior to calling this API or an error will be returned.
4792*/
4793int sqlite3_load_extension(
4794  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4795  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4796  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4797  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4798);
4799
4800/*
4801** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Extension Loading {F12620}
4802**
4803** So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4804** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4805** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following
4806** API is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and
4807** off.  {F12622} It is off by default. {END} See ticket #1863.
4808**
4809** {F12621} Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine
4810** with onoff==1 to turn extension loading on
4811** and call it with onoff==0 to turn it back off again. {END}
4812*/
4813int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4814
4815/*
4816** CAPI3REF: Make Arrangements To Automatically Load An Extension {F12640}
4817**
4818** {F12641} This function
4819** registers an extension entry point that is automatically invoked
4820** whenever a new database connection is opened using
4821** [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()]. {END}
4822**
4823** This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
4824** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
4825** to all new database connections.
4826**
4827** {F12642} Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine multiple
4828** times with the same extension is harmless.
4829**
4830** {F12643} This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array
4831** that is obtained from sqlite_malloc(). {END} If you run a memory leak
4832** checker on your program and it reports a leak because of this
4833** array, then invoke [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()] prior
4834** to shutdown to free the memory.
4835**
4836** {F12644} Automatic extensions apply across all threads. {END}
4837**
4838** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
4839** removal in future releases of SQLite.
4840*/
4841int sqlite3_auto_extension(void *xEntryPoint);
4842
4843
4844/*
4845** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading {F12660}
4846**
4847** {F12661} This function disables all previously registered
4848** automatic extensions. {END}  This
4849** routine undoes the effect of all prior [sqlite3_auto_extension()]
4850** calls.
4851**
4852** {F12662} This call disabled automatic extensions in all threads. {END}
4853**
4854** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
4855** removal in future releases of SQLite.
4856*/
4857void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4858
4859
4860/*
4861****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
4862**
4863** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4864** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4865** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4866**
4867** When the virtual-table mechanism stablizes, we will declare the
4868** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4869*/
4870
4871/*
4872** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4873*/
4874typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4875typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4876typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4877typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4878
4879/*
4880** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object {F18000}
4881** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module
4882**
4883** A module is a class of virtual tables.  Each module is defined
4884** by an instance of the following structure.  This structure consists
4885** mostly of methods for the module.
4886*/
4887struct sqlite3_module {
4888  int iVersion;
4889  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4890               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4891               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4892  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4893               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4894               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4895  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
4896  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4897  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4898  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
4899  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4900  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
4901                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
4902  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4903  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4904  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
4905  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
4906  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
4907  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4908  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4909  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4910  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4911  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
4912                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4913                       void **ppArg);
4914
4915  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
4916};
4917
4918/*
4919** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information {F18100}
4920** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
4921**
4922** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
4923** pass information into and receive the reply from the xBestIndex
4924** method of an sqlite3_module.  The fields under **Inputs** are the
4925** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
4926** results into the **Outputs** fields.
4927**
4928** The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the
4929** form:
4930**
4931**         column OP expr
4932**
4933** Where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.
4934** The particular operator is stored
4935** in aConstraint[].op.  The index of the column is stored in
4936** aConstraint[].iColumn.  aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
4937** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
4938** is usable) and false if it cannot.
4939**
4940** The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
4941** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
4942** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
4943** The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms in the correct
4944** form that refer to the particular virtual table being queried.
4945**
4946** Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
4947** Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
4948**
4949** The xBestIndex method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
4950** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  If argvIndex>0 then
4951** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
4952** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  If aConstraintUsage[].omit
4953** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
4954** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.
4955**
4956** The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into xFilter.
4957** sqlite3_free() is used to free idxPtr if needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
4958**
4959** The orderByConsumed means that output from xFilter will occur in
4960** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
4961** sorting step is required.
4962**
4963** The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
4964** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
4965** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
4966** cost of approximately log(N).
4967*/
4968struct sqlite3_index_info {
4969  /* Inputs */
4970  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
4971  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
4972     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
4973     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
4974     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
4975     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
4976  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
4977  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
4978  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
4979     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
4980     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
4981  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
4982
4983  /* Outputs */
4984  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
4985    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
4986    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
4987  } *aConstraintUsage;
4988  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
4989  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
4990  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
4991  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
4992  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
4993};
4994#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
4995#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
4996#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
4997#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
4998#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
4999#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5000
5001/*
5002** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {F18200}
5003**
5004** This routine is used to register a new module name with an SQLite
5005** connection.  Module names must be registered before creating new
5006** virtual tables on the module, or before using preexisting virtual
5007** tables of the module.
5008*/
5009int sqlite3_create_module(
5010  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5011  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5012  const sqlite3_module *,    /* Methods for the module */
5013  void *                     /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5014);
5015
5016/*
5017** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {F18210}
5018**
5019** This routine is identical to the sqlite3_create_module() method above,
5020** except that it allows a destructor function to be specified. It is
5021** even more experimental than the rest of the virtual tables API.
5022*/
5023int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5024  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5025  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5026  const sqlite3_module *,    /* Methods for the module */
5027  void *,                    /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5028  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5029);
5030
5031/*
5032** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object {F18010}
5033** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5034**
5035** Every module implementation uses a subclass of the following structure
5036** to describe a particular instance of the module.  Each subclass will
5037** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.   The
5038** purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are common
5039** to all module implementations.
5040**
5041** Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5042** string obtained from sqlite3_mprintf() to zErrMsg.  The method should
5043** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to sqlite3_free()
5044** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  After the error message
5045** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5046** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.  Note
5047** that sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_free() are used on the zErrMsg field
5048** since virtual tables are commonly implemented in loadable extensions which
5049** do not have access to sqlite3MPrintf() or sqlite3Free().
5050*/
5051struct sqlite3_vtab {
5052  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5053  int nRef;                       /* Used internally */
5054  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5055  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5056};
5057
5058/*
5059** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object  {F18020}
5060** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor
5061**
5062** Every module implementation uses a subclass of the following structure
5063** to describe cursors that point into the virtual table and are used
5064** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5065** xOpen method of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5066** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5067**
5068** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5069** are common to all implementations.
5070*/
5071struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5072  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5073  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5074};
5075
5076/*
5077** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table {F18280}
5078**
5079** The xCreate and xConnect methods of a module use the following API
5080** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5081** the virtual tables they implement.
5082*/
5083int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zCreateTable);
5084
5085/*
5086** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table {F18300}
5087**
5088** Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5089** using the xFindFunction method.  But global versions of those functions
5090** must exist in order to be overloaded.
5091**
5092** This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5093** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5094** before this API is called, a new function is created.  The implementation
5095** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5096** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5097** purpose is to be a place-holder function that can be overloaded
5098** by virtual tables.
5099**
5100** This API should be considered part of the virtual table interface,
5101** which is experimental and subject to change.
5102*/
5103int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5104
5105/*
5106** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5107** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5108** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5109** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5110**
5111** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5112** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5113**
5114****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
5115*/
5116
5117/*
5118** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB {F17800}
5119**
5120** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5121** incremental I/O can be preformed.
5122** Objects of this type are created by
5123** [sqlite3_blob_open()] and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5124** The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5125** can be used to read or write small subsections of the blob.
5126** The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the
5127** blob in bytes.
5128*/
5129typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5130
5131/*
5132** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O {F17810}
5133**
5134** This interfaces opens a handle to the blob located
5135** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5136** in other words,  the same blob that would be selected by:
5137**
5138** <pre>
5139**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE rowid = iRow;
5140** </pre> {END}
5141**
5142** If the flags parameter is non-zero, the blob is opened for
5143** read and write access. If it is zero, the blob is opened for read
5144** access.
5145**
5146** Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5147** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5148** is assigned when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5149** For the main database file, the database name is "main".  For
5150** TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5151**
5152** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new
5153** [sqlite3_blob | blob handle] is written to *ppBlob.
5154** Otherwise an error code is returned and
5155** any value written to *ppBlob should not be used by the caller.
5156** This function sets the database-handle error code and message
5157** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
5158**
5159** INVARIANTS:
5160**
5161** {F17813} A successful invocation of the [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)]
5162**          interface opens an [sqlite3_blob] object P on the blob
5163**          in column C of table T in database B on [database connection] D.
5164**
5165** {F17814} A successful invocation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)] starts
5166**          a new transaction on [database connection] D if that connection
5167**          is not already in a transaction.
5168**
5169** {F17816} The [sqlite3_blob_open(D,B,T,C,R,F,P)] interface opens the blob
5170**          for read and write access if and only if the F parameter
5171**          is non-zero.
5172**
5173** {F17819} The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface returns [SQLITE_OK] on
5174**          success and an appropriate [error code] on failure.
5175**
5176** {F17821} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_open(D,...)]
5177**          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
5178**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
5179**          information approprate for that error.
5180*/
5181int sqlite3_blob_open(
5182  sqlite3*,
5183  const char *zDb,
5184  const char *zTable,
5185  const char *zColumn,
5186  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5187  int flags,
5188  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5189);
5190
5191/*
5192** CAPI3REF:  Close A BLOB Handle {F17830}
5193**
5194** Close an open [sqlite3_blob | blob handle].
5195**
5196** Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5197** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5198** database connection is in autocommit mode.
5199** If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5200** until the close operation if they will fit. {END}
5201** Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5202** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5203** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  {F17833} Any errors that occur during
5204** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.
5205**
5206** The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5207** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.
5208**
5209** INVARIANTS:
5210**
5211** {F17833} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interface closes an
5212**          [sqlite3_blob] object P previously opened using
5213**          [sqlite3_blob_open()].
5214**
5215** {F17836} Closing an [sqlite3_blob] object using
5216**          [sqlite3_blob_close()] shall cause the current transaction to
5217**          commit if there are no other open [sqlite3_blob] objects
5218**          or [prepared statements] on the same [database connection] and
5219**          the [database connection] is in
5220**          [sqlite3_get_autocommit | autocommit mode].
5221**
5222** {F17839} The [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] interfaces closes the
5223**          [sqlite3_blob] object P unconditionally, even if
5224**          [sqlite3_blob_close(P)] returns something other than [SQLITE_OK].
5225**
5226*/
5227int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5228
5229/*
5230** CAPI3REF:  Return The Size Of An Open BLOB {F17840}
5231**
5232** Return the size in bytes of the blob accessible via the open
5233** [sqlite3_blob] object in its only argument.
5234**
5235** INVARIANTS:
5236**
5237** {F17843} The [sqlite3_blob_bytes(P)] interface returns the size
5238**          in bytes of the BLOB that the [sqlite3_blob] object P
5239**          refers to.
5240*/
5241int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5242
5243/*
5244** CAPI3REF:  Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally {F17850}
5245**
5246** This function is used to read data from an open
5247** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] into a caller supplied buffer.
5248** N bytes of data are copied into buffer
5249** Z from the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
5250**
5251** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the blob,
5252** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  If N or iOffset is
5253** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5254**
5255** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an
5256** [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
5257**
5258** INVARIANTS:
5259**
5260** {F17853} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface reads N bytes
5261**          beginning at offset X from
5262**          the blob that [sqlite3_blob] object P refers to
5263**          and writes those N bytes into buffer Z.
5264**
5265** {F17856} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the blob
5266**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
5267**          and nothing is read from the blob.
5268**
5269** {F17859} In [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] if X or N is less than zero
5270**          then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
5271**          and nothing is read from the blob.
5272**
5273** {F17862} The [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5274**          if N bytes where successfully read into buffer Z.
5275**
5276** {F17865} If the requested read could not be completed,
5277**          the [sqlite3_blob_read(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns an
5278**          appropriate [error code] or [extended error code].
5279**
5280** {F17868} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_read(D,...)]
5281**          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
5282**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
5283**          information approprate for that error.
5284*/
5285int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5286
5287/*
5288** CAPI3REF:  Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally {F17870}
5289**
5290** This function is used to write data into an open
5291** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] from a user supplied buffer.
5292** n bytes of data are copied from the buffer
5293** pointed to by z into the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
5294**
5295** If the [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] passed as the first argument
5296** was not opened for writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5297*** was zero), this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5298**
5299** This function may only modify the contents of the blob; it is
5300** not possible to increase the size of a blob using this API.
5301** If offset iOffset is less than n bytes from the end of the blob,
5302** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  If n is
5303** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5304**
5305** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an
5306** [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
5307**
5308** INVARIANTS:
5309**
5310** {F17873} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface writes N bytes
5311**          from buffer Z into
5312**          the blob that [sqlite3_blob] object P refers to
5313**          beginning at an offset of X into the blob.
5314**
5315** {F17875} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns
5316**          [SQLITE_READONLY] if the [sqlite3_blob] object P was
5317**          [sqlite3_blob_open | opened] for reading only.
5318**
5319** {F17876} In [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] if the size of the blob
5320**          is less than N+X bytes, then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
5321**          and nothing is written into the blob.
5322**
5323** {F17879} In [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] if X or N is less than zero
5324**          then the function returns [SQLITE_ERROR]
5325**          and nothing is written into the blob.
5326**
5327** {F17882} The [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5328**          if N bytes where successfully written into blob.
5329**
5330** {F17885} If the requested write could not be completed,
5331**          the [sqlite3_blob_write(P,Z,N,X)] interface returns an
5332**          appropriate [error code] or [extended error code].
5333**
5334** {F17888} If an error occurs during evaluation of [sqlite3_blob_write(D,...)]
5335**          then subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode(D)],
5336**          [sqlite3_errmsg(D)], and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)] will return
5337**          information approprate for that error.
5338*/
5339int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5340
5341/*
5342** CAPI3REF:  Virtual File System Objects {F11200}
5343**
5344** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5345** that SQLite uses to interact
5346** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5347** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5348** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5349** The following interfaces are provided.
5350**
5351** The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to
5352** a VFS given its name.  Names are case sensitive.
5353** Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5354** If there is no match, a NULL
5355** pointer is returned.  If zVfsName is NULL then the default
5356** VFS is returned.
5357**
5358** New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5359** Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5360** The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5361** To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5362** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5363** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5364** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5365** then the behavior is undefined.
5366**
5367** Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5368** If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5369** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.
5370**
5371** INVARIANTS:
5372**
5373** {F11203} The [sqlite3_vfs_find(N)] interface returns a pointer to the
5374**          registered [sqlite3_vfs] object whose name exactly matches
5375**          the zero-terminated UTF-8 string N, or it returns NULL if
5376**          there is no match.
5377**
5378** {F11206} If the N parameter to [sqlite3_vfs_find(N)] is NULL then
5379**          the function returns a pointer to the default [sqlite3_vfs]
5380**          object if there is one, or NULL if there is no default
5381**          [sqlite3_vfs] object.
5382**
5383** {F11209} The [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface registers the
5384**          well-formed [sqlite3_vfs] object P using the name given
5385**          by the zName field of the object.
5386**
5387** {F11212} Using the [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface to register
5388**          the same [sqlite3_vfs] object multiple times is a harmless no-op.
5389**
5390** {F11215} The [sqlite3_vfs_register(P,F)] interface makes the
5391**          the [sqlite3_vfs] object P the default [sqlite3_vfs] object
5392**          if F is non-zero.
5393**
5394** {F11218} The [sqlite3_vfs_unregister(P)] interface unregisters the
5395**          [sqlite3_vfs] object P so that it is no longer returned by
5396**          subsequent calls to [sqlite3_vfs_find()].
5397*/
5398sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5399int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5400int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5401
5402/*
5403** CAPI3REF: Mutexes {F17000}
5404**
5405** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5406** synchronization.  Though they are intended for internal
5407** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5408** permitted to use any of these routines.
5409**
5410** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5411** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5412** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
5413** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5414**
5415** <ul>
5416** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
5417** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD
5418** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5419** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5420** </ul>
5421**
5422** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5423** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5424** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
5425** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
5426** are appropriate for use on os/2, unix, and windows.
5427**
5428** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5429** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5430** implementation is included with the library.  The
5431** mutex interface routines defined here become external
5432** references in the SQLite library for which implementations
5433** must be provided by the application.  This facility allows an
5434** application that links against SQLite to provide its own mutex
5435** implementation without having to modify the SQLite core.
5436**
5437** {F17011} The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5438** mutex and returns a pointer to it. {F17012} If it returns NULL
5439** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. {F17013} SQLite
5440** will unwind its stack and return an error. {F17014} The argument
5441** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5442**
5443** <ul>
5444** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5445** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5446** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5447** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5448** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5449** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5450** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5451** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5452** </ul> {END}
5453**
5454** {F17015} The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5455** a new mutex.  The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5456** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used. {END}
5457** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5458** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5459** not want to.  {F17016} But SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5460** cases where it really needs one.  {END} If a faster non-recursive mutex
5461** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5462** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5463**
5464** {F17017} The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() each return
5465** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex. {END}  Four static mutexes are
5466** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5467** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5468** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5469** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5470** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5471**
5472** {F17018} Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5473** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5474** returns a different mutex on every call.  {F17034} But for the static
5475** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5476** the same type number. {END}
5477**
5478** {F17019} The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5479** allocated dynamic mutex. {F17020} SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5480** dynamic mutex that it allocates. {U17021} The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5481** use when they are deallocated. {U17022} Attempting to deallocate a static
5482** mutex results in undefined behavior. {F17023} SQLite never deallocates
5483** a static mutex. {END}
5484**
5485** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5486** to enter a mutex. {F17024} If another thread is already within the mutex,
5487** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5488** SQLITE_BUSY. {F17025}  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns SQLITE_OK
5489** upon successful entry.  {F17026} Mutexes created using
5490** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5491** {F17027} In such cases the,
5492** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5493** can enter.  {U17028} If the same thread tries to enter any other
5494** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5495** {F17029} SQLite will never exhibit
5496** such behavior in its own use of mutexes. {END}
5497**
5498** Some systems (ex: windows95) do not the operation implemented by
5499** sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try() will
5500** always return SQLITE_BUSY.  {F17030} The SQLite core only ever uses
5501** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior. {END}
5502**
5503** {F17031} The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5504** previously entered by the same thread.  {U17032} The behavior
5505** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5506** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  {F17033} SQLite will
5507** never do either. {END}
5508**
5509** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5510*/
5511sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5512void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5513void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5514int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5515void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5516
5517/*
5518** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verifcation Routines {F17080}
5519**
5520** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5521** are intended for use inside assert() statements. {F17081} The SQLite core
5522** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5523** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  {F17082} The core only
5524** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5525** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  {U17087} External mutex implementations
5526** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5527** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5528**
5529** {F17083} These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5530** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread. {END}
5531**
5532** {X17084} The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
5533** routines that actually work.
5534** If the implementation does not provide working
5535** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs
5536** that always return true so that one does not get spurious
5537** assertion failures. {END}
5538**
5539** {F17085} If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5540** the routine should return 1.  {END} This seems counter-intuitive since
5541** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
5542** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5543** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5544** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5545** the appropriate thing to do.  {F17086} The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5546** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5547*/
5548int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5549int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5550
5551/*
5552** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types {F17001}
5553**
5554** {F17002} The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5555** which is one of these integer constants. {END}
5556*/
5557#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5558#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5559#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5560#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5561#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* sqlite3_release_memory() */
5562#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5563#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5564#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* lru page list */
5565
5566/*
5567** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files {F11300}
5568**
5569** {F11301} The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5570** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5571** with a particular database identified by the second argument. {F11302} The
5572** name of the database is the name assigned to the database by the
5573** <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> SQL command that opened the
5574** database. {F11303} To control the main database file, use the name "main"
5575** or a NULL pointer. {F11304} The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5576** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5577** the xFileControl method.  {F11305} The return value of the xFileControl
5578** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5579**
5580** {F11306} If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5581** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned. {F11307} This error
5582** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5583** or [sqlite3_errmsg()]. {U11308} The underlying xFileControl method might
5584** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  {U11309} There is no way to distinguish between
5585** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5586** xFileControl method. {END}
5587**
5588** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5589*/
5590int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5591
5592/*
5593** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface {F11400}
5594**
5595** The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5596** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5597** purposes.  The first parameter a operation code that determines
5598** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5599**
5600** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5601** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5602** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5603**
5604** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5605** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5606** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5607** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5608*/
5609int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5610
5611/*
5612** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes {F11410}
5613**
5614** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5615** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5616**
5617** These parameters and their meansing are subject to change
5618** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5619** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5620** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5621*/
5622#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_CONFIG             1
5623#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_FAILURES           2
5624#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_BENIGN_FAILURES    3
5625#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_PENDING            4
5626#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5627#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5628#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5629#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5630
5631
5632/*
5633** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
5634** builds on processors without floating point support.
5635*/
5636#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
5637# undef double
5638#endif
5639
5640#ifdef __cplusplus
5641}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
5642#endif
5643#endif
5644