xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 87f500ce)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
118** hash of the entire source tree.
119**
120** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
121** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
122** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
123*/
124#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
125#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
126#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
127
128/*
129** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
130** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
131**
132** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
134** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
135** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
136** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
137** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
138** compiled with matching library and header files.
139**
140** <blockquote><pre>
141** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
142** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
143** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
144** </pre></blockquote>)^
145**
146** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
147** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
148** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
149** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
150** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
151** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
152** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
153** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
154** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
155**
156** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
157*/
158SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
159const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
160const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
161int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
162
163/*
164** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
165**
166** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
167** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
168** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
169** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
170**
171** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
172** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
173** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
174** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
175** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
176** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
177**
178** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
179** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
180** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
181**
182** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
183** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
184*/
185#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
186int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
187const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
188#endif
189
190/*
191** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
192**
193** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
194** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
195** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
196**
197** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
198** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
199** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
200** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
201** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
202** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
203**
204** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
205** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
206** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
207** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
208**
209** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
210** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
211** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
212**
213** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
214** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
215** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
216** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
217** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
218** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
219** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
220** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
221** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
222** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
223**
224** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
225*/
226int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
227
228/*
229** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
230** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
231**
232** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
233** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
234** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
235** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
236** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
237** interfaces (such as
238** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
239** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
240** sqlite3 object.
241*/
242typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
243
244/*
245** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
246** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
247**
248** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
249** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
250**
251** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
252** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
253** compatibility only.
254**
255** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
256** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
257** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
258** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
259*/
260#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
261  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
262# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
263    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
264# else
265    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
266# endif
267#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
268  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
269  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
270#else
271  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
272  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
273#endif
274typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
275typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
276
277/*
278** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
279** substitute integer for floating-point.
280*/
281#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
282# define double sqlite3_int64
283#endif
284
285/*
286** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
287** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
288**
289** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
290** for the [sqlite3] object.
291** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
292** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
293** resources are deallocated.
294**
295** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
296** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
297** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
298** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
299** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
300** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
301** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
302** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
303** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
304** destructors are called is arbitrary.
305**
306** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
307** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
308** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
309** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
310** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
311** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
312** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
313** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
314** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
315**
316** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
317** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
318**
319** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
320** must be either a NULL
321** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
322** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
323** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
324** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
325** argument is a harmless no-op.
326*/
327int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
328int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
329
330/*
331** The type for a callback function.
332** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
333** compatibility and is not documented.
334*/
335typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
336
337/*
338** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
339** METHOD: sqlite3
340**
341** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
342** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
343** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
344** without having to use a lot of C code.
345**
346** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
347** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
348** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
349** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
350** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
351** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
352** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
353** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
354** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
355** ignored.
356**
357** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
358** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
359** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
360** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
361** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
362** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
363** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
364** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
365** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
366** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
367** NULL before returning.
368**
369** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
370** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
371** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
372**
373** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
374** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
375** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
376** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
377** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
378** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
379** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
380** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
381** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
382**
383** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
384** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
385** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
386** is not changed.
387**
388** Restrictions:
389**
390** <ul>
391** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
392**      is a valid and open [database connection].
393** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
394**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
395** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
396**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
397** </ul>
398*/
399int sqlite3_exec(
400  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
401  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
402  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
403  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
404  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
405);
406
407/*
408** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
409** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
410**
411** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
412** here in order to indicate success or failure.
413**
414** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
415**
416** See also: [extended result code definitions]
417*/
418#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
419/* beginning-of-error-codes */
420#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
421#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
422#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
423#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
424#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
425#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
426#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
427#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
428#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
429#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
430#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
431#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
432#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
433#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
434#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
435#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
436#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
437#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
438#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
439#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
440#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
441#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
442#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
443#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
444#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
445#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
446#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
447#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
448#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
449#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
450/* end-of-error-codes */
451
452/*
453** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
454** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
455**
456** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
457** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
458** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
459** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
460** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
461** and later) include
462** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
463** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
464** on a per database connection basis using the
465** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
466** the most recent error can be obtained using
467** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
468*/
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
474#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
497#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
498#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
499#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
500#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
501#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
502#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
503#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
504#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
505#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
506#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
507#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
508#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
509#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
518#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
519#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
520#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
521#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
522#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
524#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
525
526/*
527** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
528**
529** These bit values are intended for use in the
530** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
531** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
532*/
533#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
534#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
535#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
536#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
537#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
538#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
539#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
540#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
541#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
542#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
543#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
544#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
545#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
546#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
553
554/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
555
556/*
557** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
558**
559** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
560** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
561** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
562** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
563** refers to.
564**
565** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
566** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
567** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
568** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
569** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
570** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
571** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
572** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
573** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
574** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
575** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
576** file that were written at the application level might have changed
577** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
578** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
579** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
580** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
581** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
582** elevated privileges.
583*/
584#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
585#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
586#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
587#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
588#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
589#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
590#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
591#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
592#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
593#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
594#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
595#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
596#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
597#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
598
599/*
600** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
601**
602** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
603** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
604** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
605*/
606#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
607#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
608#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
609#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
610#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
611
612/*
613** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
614**
615** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
616** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
617** these integer values as the second argument.
618**
619** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
620** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
621** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
622** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
623** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
624** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
625**
626** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
627** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
628** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
629** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
630** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
631** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
632** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
633** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
634** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
635** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
636** cares about the difference.)
637*/
638#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
639#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
640#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
641
642/*
643** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
644**
645** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
646** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
647** implementations will
648** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
649** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
650** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
651** I/O operations on the open file.
652*/
653typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
654struct sqlite3_file {
655  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
656};
657
658/*
659** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
660**
661** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
662** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
663** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
664** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
665** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
666**
667** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
668** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
669** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
670** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
671** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
672** to NULL.
673**
674** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
675** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
676** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
677** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
678** and not its inode needs to be synced.
679**
680** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
681** <ul>
682** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
683** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
684** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
685** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
686** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
687** </ul>
688** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
689** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
690** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
691** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
692** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
693**
694** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
695** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
696** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
697** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
698** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
699** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
700** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
701** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
702** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
703** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
704** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
705** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
706** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
707** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
708** recognize.
709**
710** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
711** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
712** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
713** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
714** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
715** underlying device:
716**
717** <ul>
718** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
719** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
720** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
721** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
722** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
723** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
724** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
725** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
726** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
727** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
728** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
729** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
730** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
731** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
732** </ul>
733**
734** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
735** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
736** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
737** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
738** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
739** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
740** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
741** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
742** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
743** to xWrite().
744**
745** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
746** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
747** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
748** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
749** database corruption.
750*/
751typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
752struct sqlite3_io_methods {
753  int iVersion;
754  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
755  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
756  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
757  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
758  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
759  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
760  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
761  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
762  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
763  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
764  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
765  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
766  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
767  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
768  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
769  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
770  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
771  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
772  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
773  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
774  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
775  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
776};
777
778/*
779** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
780** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
781**
782** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
783** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
784** interface.
785**
786** <ul>
787** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
788** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
789** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
790** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
791** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
792** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
793** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
794** compile-time option is used.
795**
796** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
797** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
798** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
799** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
800** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
801** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
802** file run faster.
803**
804** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
805** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
806** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
807** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
808** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
809** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
810** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
811** improve performance on some systems.
812**
813** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
814** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
815** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
816** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
817**
818** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
819** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
820** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
821** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
822** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
823**
824** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
825** No longer in use.
826**
827** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
828** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
829** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
830** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
831** because the user has configured SQLite with
832** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
833** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
834** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
835** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
836** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
837** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
838** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
839** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
840**
841** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
842** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
843** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
844** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
845** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
846** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
847** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
848**
849** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
850** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
851** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
852** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
853** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
854** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
855** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
856** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
857** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
858** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
859** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
860** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
861** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
862** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
863** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
864** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
865**
866** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
867** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
868** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
869** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
870** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
871** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
872** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
873** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
874** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
875** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
876** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
877** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
878** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
879** WAL persistence setting.
880**
881** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
882** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
883** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
884** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
885** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
886** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
887** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
888** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
889** zero-damage mode setting.
890**
891** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
892** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
893** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
894** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
895** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
896**
897** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
898** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
899** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
900** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
901** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
902** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
903** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
904** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
905** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
906** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
907** is intended for diagnostic use only.
908**
909** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
910** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
911** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
912** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
913** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
914** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
915** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
916** upper-most shim only.
917**
918** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
919** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
920** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
921** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
922** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
923** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
924** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
925** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
926** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
927** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
928** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
929** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
930** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
931** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
932** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
933** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
934** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
935** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
936** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
937** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
938** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
939** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
940** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
941** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
942**
943** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
944** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
945** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
946** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
947** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
948** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
949** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
950** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
951** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
952** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
953** current operation.
954**
955** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
956** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
957** to have SQLite generate a
958** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
959** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
960** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
961** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
962** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
963**
964** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
965** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
966** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
967** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
968** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
969** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
970** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
971** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
972** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
973**
974** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
975** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
976** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
977** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
978** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
979** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
980** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
981**
982** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
983** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
984** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
985** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
986** was first opened.
987**
988** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
989** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
990** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
991** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
992** writes the resulting value there.
993**
994** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
995** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
996** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
997** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
998** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
999**
1000** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1001** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1002** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1003** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1004** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1005** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1006**
1007** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1008** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1009** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1010**
1011** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1012** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1013** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1014** this opcode.
1015** </ul>
1016*/
1017#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1018#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1019#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1020#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1021#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1022#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1023#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1024#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1025#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1026#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1027#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1028#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1029#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1030#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1031#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1032#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1033#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1034#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1035#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1036#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1037#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1038#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1039#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1040#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1041#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1042#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1043#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1044#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1045#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1046
1047/* deprecated names */
1048#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1049#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1050#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1051
1052
1053/*
1054** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1055**
1056** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1057** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1058** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1059** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1060**
1061** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1062*/
1063typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1064
1065/*
1066** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1067**
1068** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1069** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1070** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1071** on some platforms.
1072*/
1073typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1074
1075/*
1076** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1077**
1078** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1079** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1080** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1081** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1082**
1083** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1084** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1085** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1086** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1087** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1088** modified.
1089**
1090** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1091** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1092** a pathname in this VFS.
1093**
1094** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1095** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1096** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1097** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1098** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1099** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1100**
1101** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1102** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1103** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1104** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1105** object once the object has been registered.
1106**
1107** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1108** be unique across all VFS modules.
1109**
1110** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1111** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1112** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1113** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1114** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1115** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1116** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1117** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1118** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1119** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1120** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1121** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1122** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1123** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1124** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1125** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1126**
1127** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1128** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1129** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1130** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1131** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1132** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1133**
1134** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1135** call, depending on the object being opened:
1136**
1137** <ul>
1138** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1139** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1140** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1141** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1142** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1143** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1144** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1145** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1146** </ul>)^
1147**
1148** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1149** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1150** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1151** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1152** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1153** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1154** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1155** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1156**
1157** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1158**
1159** <ul>
1160** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1161** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1162** </ul>
1163**
1164** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1165** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1166** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1167** databases, and subjournals.
1168**
1169** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1170** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1171** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1172** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1173** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1174** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1175** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1176** for exclusive access.
1177**
1178** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1179** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1180** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1181** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1182** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1183** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1184** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1185** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1186** or failure of the xOpen call.
1187**
1188** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1189** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1190** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1191** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1192** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1193** directory.
1194**
1195** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1196** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1197** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1198** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1199** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1200** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1201**
1202** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1203** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1204** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1205** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1206** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1207** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1208** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1209** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1210** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1211** a floating point value.
1212** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1213** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1214** a 24-hour day).
1215** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1216** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1217** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1218** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1219**
1220** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1221** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1222** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1223** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1224** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1225** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1226** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1227** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1228** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1229** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1230** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1231*/
1232typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1233typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1234struct sqlite3_vfs {
1235  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1236  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1237  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1238  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1239  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1240  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1241  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1242               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1243  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1244  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1245  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1246  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1247  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1248  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1249  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1250  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1251  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1252  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1253  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1254  /*
1255  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1256  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1257  */
1258  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1259  /*
1260  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1261  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1262  */
1263  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1264  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1265  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1266  /*
1267  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1268  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1269  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1270  */
1271};
1272
1273/*
1274** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1275**
1276** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1277** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1278** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1279** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1280** simply checks whether the file exists.
1281** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1282** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1283** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1284** the directory).
1285** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1286** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1287** release of SQLite.
1288** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1289** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1290** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1291** SQLite.
1292*/
1293#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1294#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1295#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1296
1297/*
1298** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1299**
1300** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1301** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1302** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1303** xShmLock method:
1304**
1305** <ul>
1306** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1307** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1308** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1309** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1310** </ul>
1311**
1312** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1313** was given on the corresponding lock.
1314**
1315** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1316** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1317** and EXCLUSIVE.
1318*/
1319#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1320#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1321#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1322#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1323
1324/*
1325** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1326**
1327** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1328** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1329** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1330** lock outside of this range
1331*/
1332#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1333
1334
1335/*
1336** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1337**
1338** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1339** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1340** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1341** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1342** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1343** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1344**
1345** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1346** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1347** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1348** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1349** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1350** are harmless no-ops.)^
1351**
1352** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1353** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1354** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1355** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1356**
1357** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1358** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1359** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1360** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1361** sqlite3_shutdown().
1362**
1363** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1364** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1365** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1366**
1367** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1368** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1369** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1370** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1371**
1372** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1373** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1374** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1375** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1376** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1377** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1378** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1379** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1380** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1381** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1382** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1383** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1384** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1385** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1386**
1387** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1388** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1389** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1390** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1391** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1392** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1393** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1394**
1395** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1396** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1397** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1398** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1399** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1400** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1401** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1402** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1403** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1404** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1405** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1406** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1407** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1408** failure.
1409*/
1410int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1411int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1412int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1413int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1414
1415/*
1416** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1417**
1418** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1419** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1420** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1421** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1422** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1423**
1424** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1425** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1426** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1427**
1428** The sqlite3_config() interface
1429** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1430** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1431** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1432** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1433** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1434** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1435**
1436** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1437** [configuration option] that determines
1438** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1439** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1440** in the first argument.
1441**
1442** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1443** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1444** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1445*/
1446int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1447
1448/*
1449** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1450** METHOD: sqlite3
1451**
1452** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1453** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1454** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1455** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1456**
1457** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1458** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1459** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1460** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1461**
1462** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1463** the call is considered successful.
1464*/
1465int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1466
1467/*
1468** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1469**
1470** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1471** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1472**
1473** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1474** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1475** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1476** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1477** By creating an instance of this object
1478** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1479** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1480** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1481** dynamic memory needs.
1482**
1483** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1484** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1485** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1486** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1487** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1488** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1489** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1490** conditions.
1491**
1492** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1493** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1494** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1495** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1496**
1497** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1498** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1499** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1500**
1501** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1502** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1503** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1504** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1505** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1506** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1507** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1508**
1509** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1510** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1511** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1512** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1513** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1514** xInit and xShutdown.
1515**
1516** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1517** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1518** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1519** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1520** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1521** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1522** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1523** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1524** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1525** serialization.
1526**
1527** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1528** call to xShutdown().
1529*/
1530typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1531struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1532  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1533  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1534  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1535  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1536  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1537  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1538  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1539  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1540};
1541
1542/*
1543** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1544** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1545**
1546** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1547** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1548**
1549** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1550** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1551** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1552** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1553** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1554** is invoked.
1555**
1556** <dl>
1557** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1558** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1559** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1560** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1561** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1562** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1563** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1564** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1565** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1566** configuration option.</dd>
1567**
1568** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1569** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1570** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1571** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1572** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1573** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1574** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1575** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1576** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1577** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1578** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1579** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1580** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1581**
1582** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1583** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1584** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1585** all mutexes including the recursive
1586** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1587** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1588** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1589** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1590** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1591** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1592** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1593** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1594** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1595** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1596** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1597**
1598** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1599** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1600** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1601** The argument specifies
1602** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1603** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1604** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1605** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1606**
1607** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1608** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1609** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1610** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1611** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1612** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1613** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1614** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1615**
1616** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1617** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1618** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1619** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1620** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1621**   <ul>
1622**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1623**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1624**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1625**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1626**   </ul>)^
1627** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1628** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1629** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1630** </dd>
1631**
1632** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1633** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1634** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1635** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1636** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1637** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1638** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1639** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1640** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1641** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1642** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1643** times the database page size.
1644** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1645** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1646** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1647** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1648** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1649** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1650** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1651** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1652** </dd>
1653**
1654** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1655** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1656** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1657** cache implementation.
1658** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1659** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1660** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1661** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1662** and the number of cache lines (N).
1663** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1664** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1665** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1666** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1667** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1668** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1669** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1670** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1671** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1672** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1673** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1674** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1675** is exhausted.
1676** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1677** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1678** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1679** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1680** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1681** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1682** additional cache line. </dd>
1683**
1684** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1685** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1686** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1687** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1688** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1689** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1690** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1691** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1692** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1693** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1694** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1695** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1696** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1697** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1698** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1699** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1700** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1701** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1702** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1703** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1704**
1705** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1706** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1707** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1708** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1709** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1710** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1711** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1712** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1713** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1714** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1715** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1716**
1717** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1718** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1719** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1720** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1721** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1722** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1723** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1724** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1725** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1726** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1727** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1728** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1729**
1730** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1731** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1732** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1733** The first argument is the
1734** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1735** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1736** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1737** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1738** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1739**
1740** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1741** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1742** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1743** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1744** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1745**
1746** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1747** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1748** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1749** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1750**
1751** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1752** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1753** global [error log].
1754** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1755** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1756** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1757** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1758** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1759** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1760** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1761** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1762** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1763** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1764** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1765** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1766** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1767** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1768** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1769** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1770**
1771** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1772** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1773** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1774** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1775** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1776** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1777** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1778** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1779** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1780** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1781** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1782** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1783** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1784**
1785** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1786** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1787** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1788** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1789** ^The default setting is determined
1790** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1791** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1792** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1793** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1794** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1795** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1796** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1797**
1798** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1799** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1800** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1801** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1802** </dd>
1803**
1804** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1805** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1806** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1807** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1808** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1809** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1810** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1811** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1812** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1813** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1814** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1815** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1816** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1817** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1818** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1819** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1820**
1821** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1822** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1823** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1824** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1825** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1826** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1827** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1828** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1829** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1830** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1831** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1832** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1833** changed to its compile-time default.
1834**
1835** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1836** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1837** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1838** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1839** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1840** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1841**
1842** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1843** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1844** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1845** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1846** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1847** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1848** target platform, and SQLite version.
1849**
1850** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1851** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1852** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1853** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1854** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1855** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1856** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1857** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1858** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1859** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1860**
1861** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1862** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1863** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1864** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1865** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1866** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1867** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1868** exclusively in memory.
1869** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1870** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1871** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1872** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1873** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1874** </dl>
1875*/
1876#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1877#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1878#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1879#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1880#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1881#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1882#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1883#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1884#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1885#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1886#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1887/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1888#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1889#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1890#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1891#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1892#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1893#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1894#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1895#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1896#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1897#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1898#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1899#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1900#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1901#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1902
1903/*
1904** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1905**
1906** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1907** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1908**
1909** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1910** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1911** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1912** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1913** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1914** is invoked.
1915**
1916** <dl>
1917** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1918** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1919** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1920** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1921** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1922** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1923** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1924** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1925** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1926** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1927** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1928** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1929** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1930** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1931** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1932** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1933** when the "current value" returned by
1934** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1935** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1936** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1937** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1938**
1939** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1940** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1941** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1942** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1943** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1944** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1945** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1946** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1947** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1948**
1949** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1950** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1951** There should be two additional arguments.
1952** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1953** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1954** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1955** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1956** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1957** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1958**
1959** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
1960** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
1961** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
1962** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
1963** There should be two additional arguments.
1964** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
1965** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
1966** unchanged.
1967** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1968** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
1969** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1970** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
1971**
1972** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
1973** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
1974** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
1975** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
1976** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
1977** There should be two additional arguments.
1978** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
1979** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
1980** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
1981** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
1982** C-API or the SQL function.
1983** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1984** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
1985** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
1986** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
1987** </dd>
1988**
1989** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
1990** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
1991** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
1992** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
1993** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
1994** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
1995** until after the database connection closes.
1996** </dd>
1997**
1998** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
1999** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2000** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2001** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2002** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2003** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2004** is an integer - non-zero to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2005** default) to enable them. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2006** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2007** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2008** </dd>
2009**
2010** </dl>
2011*/
2012#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2013#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2014#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2015#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2016#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2017#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2018#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2019
2020
2021/*
2022** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2023** METHOD: sqlite3
2024**
2025** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2026** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2027** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2028*/
2029int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2030
2031/*
2032** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2033** METHOD: sqlite3
2034**
2035** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2036** has a unique 64-bit signed
2037** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2038** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2039** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2040** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2041** is another alias for the rowid.
2042**
2043** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
2044** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2045** on database connection D.
2046** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
2047** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
2048** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
2049** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
2050**
2051** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
2052** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
2053** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
2054** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
2055** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
2056** table method began.)^
2057**
2058** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2059** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2060** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2061** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2062** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2063** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2064** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2065** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2066** the return value of this interface.)^
2067**
2068** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2069** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2070**
2071** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2072** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2073**
2074** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2075** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2076** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2077** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2078** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2079** last insert [rowid].
2080*/
2081sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2082
2083/*
2084** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2085** METHOD: sqlite3
2086**
2087** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2088** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2089** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2090** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2091** returned by this function.
2092**
2093** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2094** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2095** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2096**
2097** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2098** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2099** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2100** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2101** tables are counted.
2102**
2103** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2104** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2105** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2106** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2107**
2108** <ul>
2109**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2110**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2111**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2112**
2113**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2114**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2115**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2116**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2117**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2118** </ul>
2119**
2120** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2121** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2122** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2123** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2124** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2125** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2126**
2127** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2128** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2129**
2130** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2131** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2132** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2133*/
2134int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2135
2136/*
2137** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2138** METHOD: sqlite3
2139**
2140** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2141** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2142** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2143** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2144** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2145**
2146** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2147** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2148** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2149** are not counted.
2150**
2151** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2152** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2153**
2154** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2155** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2156** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2157*/
2158int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2159
2160/*
2161** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2162** METHOD: sqlite3
2163**
2164** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2165** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2166** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2167** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2168** immediately.
2169**
2170** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2171** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2172** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2173** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2174**
2175** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2176** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2177** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2178**
2179** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2180** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2181** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2182** will be rolled back automatically.
2183**
2184** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2185** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2186** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2187** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2188** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2189** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2190** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2191** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2192** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2193** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2194**
2195** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2196** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2197*/
2198void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2199
2200/*
2201** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2202**
2203** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2204** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2205** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2206** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2207** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2208** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2209** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2210** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2211** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2212** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2213** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2214**
2215** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2216** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2217**
2218** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2219** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2220**
2221** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2222** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2223** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2224** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2225** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2226**
2227** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2228** UTF-8 string.
2229**
2230** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2231** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2232*/
2233int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2234int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2235
2236/*
2237** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2238** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2239** METHOD: sqlite3
2240**
2241** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2242** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2243** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2244** [database connection] D when another thread
2245** or process has the table locked.
2246** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2247** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2248**
2249** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2250** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2251** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2252**
2253** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2254** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2255** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2256** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2257** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2258** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2259** to the application.
2260** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2261** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2262**
2263** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2264** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2265** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2266** to the application instead of invoking the
2267** busy handler.
2268** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2269** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2270** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2271** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2272** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2273** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2274** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2275** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2276** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2277** the second process to proceed.
2278**
2279** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2280**
2281** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2282** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2283** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2284** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2285** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2286**
2287** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2288** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2289** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2290** result in undefined behavior.
2291**
2292** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2293** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2294*/
2295int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2296
2297/*
2298** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2299** METHOD: sqlite3
2300**
2301** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2302** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2303** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2304** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2305** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2306** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2307**
2308** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2309** turns off all busy handlers.
2310**
2311** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2312** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2313** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2314** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2315**
2316** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2317*/
2318int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2319
2320/*
2321** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2322** METHOD: sqlite3
2323**
2324** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2325** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2326**
2327** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2328** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2329** complete query results from one or more queries.
2330**
2331** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2332** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2333** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2334** and M be the number of columns.
2335**
2336** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2337** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2338** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2339** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2340** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2341** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2342**
2343** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2344** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2345** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2346**
2347** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2348** is as follows:
2349**
2350** <blockquote><pre>
2351**        Name        | Age
2352**        -----------------------
2353**        Alice       | 43
2354**        Bob         | 28
2355**        Cindy       | 21
2356** </pre></blockquote>
2357**
2358** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2359** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2360** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2361**
2362** <blockquote><pre>
2363**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2364**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2365**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2366**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2367**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2368**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2369**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2370**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2371** </pre></blockquote>)^
2372**
2373** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2374** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2375** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2376** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2377**
2378** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2379** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2380** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2381** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2382** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2383** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2384**
2385** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2386** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2387** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2388** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2389** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2390** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2391** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2392*/
2393int sqlite3_get_table(
2394  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2395  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2396  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2397  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2398  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2399  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2400);
2401void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2402
2403/*
2404** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2405**
2406** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2407** from the standard C library.
2408** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2409** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2410** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2411** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2412**
2413** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2414** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2415** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2416** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2417** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2418** memory to hold the resulting string.
2419**
2420** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2421** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2422** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2423** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2424** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2425** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2426** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2427** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2428** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2429** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2430** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2431** now without breaking compatibility.
2432**
2433** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2434** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2435** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2436** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2437** written will be n-1 characters.
2438**
2439** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2440**
2441** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2442** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2443** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2444** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2445**
2446** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2447** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2448** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2449** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2450** the string.
2451**
2452** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2453**
2454** <blockquote><pre>
2455**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2456** </pre></blockquote>
2457**
2458** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2459**
2460** <blockquote><pre>
2461**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2462**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2463**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2464** </pre></blockquote>
2465**
2466** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2467** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2468**
2469** <blockquote><pre>
2470**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2471** </pre></blockquote>
2472**
2473** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2474** would have looked like this:
2475**
2476** <blockquote><pre>
2477**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2478** </pre></blockquote>
2479**
2480** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2481** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2482**
2483** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2484** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2485** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2486** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2487**
2488** <blockquote><pre>
2489**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2490**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2491**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2492** </pre></blockquote>
2493**
2494** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2495** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2496**
2497** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2498** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2499** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2500** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2501** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2502**
2503** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2504** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2505** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2506*/
2507char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2508char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2509char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2510char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2511
2512/*
2513** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2514**
2515** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2516** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2517** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2518** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2519**
2520** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2521** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2522** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2523** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2524** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2525** a NULL pointer.
2526**
2527** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2528** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2529** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2530**
2531** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2532** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2533** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2534** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2535** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2536** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2537** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2538** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2539** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2540** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2541**
2542** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2543** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2544** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2545** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2546** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2547** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2548** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2549** sqlite3_free(X).
2550** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2551** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2552** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2553** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2554** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2555** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2556** prior allocation is not freed.
2557**
2558** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2559** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2560** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2561**
2562** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2563** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2564** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2565** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2566** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2567** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2568** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2569** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2570** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2571**
2572** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2573** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2574** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2575** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2576** option is used.
2577**
2578** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2579** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2580** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2581** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2582**
2583** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2584** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2585** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2586** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2587** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2588** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2589** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2590**
2591** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2592** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2593** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2594** not yet been released.
2595**
2596** The application must not read or write any part of
2597** a block of memory after it has been released using
2598** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2599*/
2600void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2601void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2602void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2603void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2604void sqlite3_free(void*);
2605sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2606
2607/*
2608** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2609**
2610** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2611** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2612** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2613**
2614** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2615** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2616** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2617** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2618** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2619** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2620** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2621** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2622** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2623**
2624** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2625** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2626** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2627** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2628** prior to the reset.
2629*/
2630sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2631sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2632
2633/*
2634** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2635**
2636** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2637** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2638** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2639** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2640** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2641**
2642** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2643** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2644**
2645** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2646** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2647** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2648** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2649** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2650** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2651** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2652** method.
2653*/
2654void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2655
2656/*
2657** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2658** METHOD: sqlite3
2659**
2660** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2661** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2662** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2663** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2664** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2665** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2666** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2667** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2668** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2669** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2670** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2671** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2672** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2673** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2674** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2675**
2676** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2677** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2678** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2679** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2680** access is denied.
2681**
2682** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2683** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2684** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2685** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2686** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2687** details about the action to be authorized.
2688**
2689** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2690** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2691** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2692** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2693** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2694** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2695** columns of a table.
2696** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2697** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2698** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2699**
2700** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2701** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2702** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2703** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2704** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2705** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2706** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2707** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2708** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2709** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2710**
2711** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2712** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2713** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2714** in addition to using an authorizer.
2715**
2716** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2717** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2718** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2719** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2720**
2721** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2722** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2723** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2724** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2725**
2726** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2727** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2728** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2729** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2730**
2731** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2732** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2733** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2734** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2735** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2736*/
2737int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2738  sqlite3*,
2739  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2740  void *pUserData
2741);
2742
2743/*
2744** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2745**
2746** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2747** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2748** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2749** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2750** information.
2751**
2752** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2753** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2754*/
2755#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2756#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2757
2758/*
2759** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2760**
2761** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2762** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2763** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2764** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2765** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2766**
2767** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2768** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2769** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2770** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2771** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2772** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2773** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2774** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2775** top-level SQL code.
2776*/
2777/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2778#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2779#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2780#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2781#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2782#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2783#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2784#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2785#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2786#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2787#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2788#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2789#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2790#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2791#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2792#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2793#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2794#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2795#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2796#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2797#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2798#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2799#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2800#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2801#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2802#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2803#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2804#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2805#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2806#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2807#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2808#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2809#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2810#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2811#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2812
2813/*
2814** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2815** METHOD: sqlite3
2816**
2817** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2818** instead of the routines described here.
2819**
2820** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2821** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2822**
2823** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2824** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2825** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2826** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2827** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2828** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2829** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2830**
2831** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2832** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2833**
2834** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2835** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2836** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2837** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2838** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2839** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2840** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2841** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2842** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2843** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2844*/
2845SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2846   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2847SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2848   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2849
2850/*
2851** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2852** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2853**
2854** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2855** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
2856** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2857** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2858** is one of the following constants.
2859**
2860** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2861**
2862** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2863** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2864** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2865** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2866** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2867**
2868** <dl>
2869** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2870** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2871** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2872** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2873** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2874** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2875** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2876** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2877** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2878** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2879** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2880**
2881** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2882** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2883** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2884** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2885** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2886** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2887** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2888**
2889** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2890** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2891** statement generates a single row of result.
2892** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2893** X argument is unused.
2894**
2895** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2896** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2897** connection closes.
2898** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2899** and the X argument is unused.
2900** </dl>
2901*/
2902#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2903#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2904#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2905#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2906
2907/*
2908** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2909** METHOD: sqlite3
2910**
2911** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2912** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2913** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
2914** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
2915** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
2916** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
2917**
2918** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
2919** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
2920**
2921** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
2922** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
2923** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
2924** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
2925**
2926** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
2927** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
2928** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
2929** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
2930** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2931**
2932** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
2933** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
2934** are deprecated.
2935*/
2936int sqlite3_trace_v2(
2937  sqlite3*,
2938  unsigned uMask,
2939  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
2940  void *pCtx
2941);
2942
2943/*
2944** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2945** METHOD: sqlite3
2946**
2947** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2948** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2949** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2950** database connection D.  An example use for this
2951** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2952**
2953** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2954** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2955** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2956** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2957** handler is disabled.
2958**
2959** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2960** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2961** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2962** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2963** than 1.
2964**
2965** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2966** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2967** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2968**
2969** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2970** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2971** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2972** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2973**
2974*/
2975void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2976
2977/*
2978** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2979** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
2980**
2981** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2982** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2983** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2984** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2985** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2986** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2987** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2988** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2989** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2990** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2991** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2992** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2993**
2994** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2995** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2996** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2997**
2998** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2999** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3000** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3001**
3002** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3003** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3004** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3005** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3006** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3007** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3008** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3009**
3010** <dl>
3011** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3012** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3013** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3014**
3015** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3016** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3017** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3018** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3019**
3020** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3021** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3022** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3023** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3024** </dl>
3025**
3026** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3027** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3028** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3029** then the behavior is undefined.
3030**
3031** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3032** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3033** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3034** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3035** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3036** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3037** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3038** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3039** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3040** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3041** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3042**
3043** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3044** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3045** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3046** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3047**
3048** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3049** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3050** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3051** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3052** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3053** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3054** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3055**
3056** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3057** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3058** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3059**
3060** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3061**
3062** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3063** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3064** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3065** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3066** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3067** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3068** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
3069** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3070** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3071** information.
3072**
3073** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3074** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3075** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3076** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3077** present, is ignored.
3078**
3079** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3080** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3081** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3082** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3083** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3084** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3085** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3086**
3087** [[core URI query parameters]]
3088** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3089** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3090** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3091** following query parameters:
3092**
3093** <ul>
3094**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3095**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3096**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3097**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3098**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3099**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3100**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3101**
3102**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3103**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3104**     an error)^.
3105**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3106**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3107**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3108**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3109**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3110**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3111**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3112**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3113**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3114**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3115**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3116**
3117**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3118**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3119**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3120**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3121**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3122**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3123**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3124**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3125**
3126**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3127**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3128**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3129**
3130**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3131**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3132**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3133**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3134**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3135**     processes uses nolock=1.
3136**
3137**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3138**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3139**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3140**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3141**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3142**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3143**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3144**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3145**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3146**
3147** </ul>
3148**
3149** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3150** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3151** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3152** additional information.
3153**
3154** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3155**
3156** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3157** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3158** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3159**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3160** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3161**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3162**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3163**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3164** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3165**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3166** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3167**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3168**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3169**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3170**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3171**          in URI filenames.
3172** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3173**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3174**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3175**          default, use a private cache.
3176** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3177**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3178**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3179** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3180**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3181** </table>
3182**
3183** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3184** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3185** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3186** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3187** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3188** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3189** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3190** the results are undefined.
3191**
3192** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3193** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3194** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3195** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3196** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3197**
3198** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3199** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3200** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3201**
3202** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3203*/
3204int sqlite3_open(
3205  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3206  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3207);
3208int sqlite3_open16(
3209  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3210  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3211);
3212int sqlite3_open_v2(
3213  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3214  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3215  int flags,              /* Flags */
3216  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3217);
3218
3219/*
3220** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3221**
3222** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3223** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3224** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3225**
3226** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3227** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3228** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3229** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3230** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3231** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3232** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3233** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3234** a pointer to an empty string.
3235**
3236** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3237** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3238** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3239** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3240** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3241** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3242** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3243** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3244** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3245** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3246**
3247** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3248** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3249** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3250** zero is returned.
3251**
3252** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3253** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3254** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3255** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3256** undesirable.
3257*/
3258const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3259int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3260sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3261
3262
3263/*
3264** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3265** METHOD: sqlite3
3266**
3267** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3268** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3269** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3270** API call.
3271** If the most recent API call was successful,
3272** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3273** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3274** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3275** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3276** disabled.
3277**
3278** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3279** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3280** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3281** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3282** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3283** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3284**
3285** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3286** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3287** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3288** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3289**
3290** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3291** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3292** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3293** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3294** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3295** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3296** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3297** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3298** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3299**
3300** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3301** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3302** error code and message may or may not be set.
3303*/
3304int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3305int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3306const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3307const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3308const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3309
3310/*
3311** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3312** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3313**
3314** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3315** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3316**
3317** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3318** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3319** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3320** prepared statement before it can be run.
3321**
3322** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3323**
3324** <ol>
3325** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3326** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3327**      interfaces.
3328** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3329** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3330**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3331** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3332** </ol>
3333*/
3334typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3335
3336/*
3337** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3338** METHOD: sqlite3
3339**
3340** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3341** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3342** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3343** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3344** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3345** new limit for that construct.)^
3346**
3347** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3348** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3349** [limits | hard upper bound]
3350** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3351** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3352** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3353** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3354** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3355**
3356** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3357** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3358** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3359** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3360**
3361** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3362** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3363** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3364** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3365** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3366** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3367** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3368** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3369** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3370** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3371** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3372** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3373**
3374** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3375*/
3376int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3377
3378/*
3379** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3380** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3381**
3382** These constants define various performance limits
3383** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3384** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3385** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3386**
3387** <dl>
3388** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3389** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3390**
3391** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3392** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3393**
3394** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3395** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3396** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3397** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3398**
3399** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3400** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3401**
3402** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3403** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3404**
3405** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3406** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3407** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3408** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3409** SQLite.</dd>)^
3410**
3411** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3412** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3413**
3414** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3415** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3416**
3417** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3418** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3419** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3420** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3421**
3422** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3423** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3424** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3425**
3426** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3427** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3428**
3429** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3430** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3431** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3432** </dl>
3433*/
3434#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3435#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3436#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3437#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3438#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3439#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3440#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3441#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3442#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3443#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3444#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3445#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3446
3447/*
3448** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3449** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3450** METHOD: sqlite3
3451** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3452**
3453** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3454** program using one of these routines.
3455**
3456** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3457** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3458** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3459**
3460** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3461** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3462** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3463** use UTF-16.
3464**
3465** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3466** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3467** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3468** statement is generated.
3469** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3470** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3471** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3472** the nul-terminator.
3473**
3474** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3475** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3476** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3477** what remains uncompiled.
3478**
3479** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3480** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3481** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3482** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3483** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3484** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3485** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3486**
3487** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3488** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3489**
3490** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3491** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3492** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3493** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3494** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3495** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3496** behave differently in three ways:
3497**
3498** <ol>
3499** <li>
3500** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3501** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3502** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3503** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3504** </li>
3505**
3506** <li>
3507** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3508** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3509** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3510** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3511** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3512** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3513** </li>
3514**
3515** <li>
3516** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3517** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3518** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3519** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3520** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3521** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3522** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3523** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3524** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3525** </li>
3526** </ol>
3527*/
3528int sqlite3_prepare(
3529  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3530  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3531  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3532  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3533  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3534);
3535int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3536  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3537  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3538  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3539  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3540  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3541);
3542int sqlite3_prepare16(
3543  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3544  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3545  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3546  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3547  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3548);
3549int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3550  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3551  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3552  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3553  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3554  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3555);
3556
3557/*
3558** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3559** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3560**
3561** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3562** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3563** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3564** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3565** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3566** [bound parameters] expanded.
3567**
3568** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3569** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3570** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3571** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3572** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3573**
3574** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3575** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3576** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3577**
3578** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3579** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3580** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3581**
3582** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3583** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3584** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3585** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3586** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3587*/
3588const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3589char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3590
3591/*
3592** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3593** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3594**
3595** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3596** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3597** the content of the database file.
3598**
3599** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3600** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3601** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3602** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3603** change the database file through side-effects:
3604**
3605** <blockquote><pre>
3606**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3607** </pre></blockquote>
3608**
3609** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3610** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3611**
3612** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3613** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3614** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3615** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3616** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3617** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3618** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3619** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3620** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3621** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3622** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3623** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3624*/
3625int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3626
3627/*
3628** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3629** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3630**
3631** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3632** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3633** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3634** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3635** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3636** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3637** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3638** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3639**
3640** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3641** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3642** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3643** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3644** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3645*/
3646int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3647
3648/*
3649** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3650** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3651**
3652** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3653** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3654** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3655** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3656**
3657** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3658** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3659** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3660** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3661** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3662** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3663** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3664**
3665** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3666** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3667** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3668** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3669** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3670** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3671** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3672** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3673** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3674** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3675** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3676** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3677**
3678** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3679** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3680** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3681** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3682** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3683** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3684** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3685** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3686*/
3687typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3688
3689/*
3690** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3691**
3692** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3693** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3694** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3695** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3696** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3697** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3698** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3699** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3700*/
3701typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3702
3703/*
3704** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3705** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3706** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3707** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3708**
3709** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3710** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3711** templates:
3712**
3713** <ul>
3714** <li>  ?
3715** <li>  ?NNN
3716** <li>  :VVV
3717** <li>  @VVV
3718** <li>  $VVV
3719** </ul>
3720**
3721** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3722** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3723** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3724** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3725**
3726** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3727** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3728** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3729**
3730** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3731** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3732** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3733** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3734** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3735** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3736** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3737** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3738** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3739**
3740** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3741** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3742** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3743** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3744**
3745** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3746** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3747** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3748** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3749** is negative, then the length of the string is
3750** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3751** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3752** the behavior is undefined.
3753** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3754** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3755** that parameter must be the byte offset
3756** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3757** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3758** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3759** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3760** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3761**
3762** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3763** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3764** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3765** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3766** ^If the fifth argument is
3767** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3768** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3769** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3770** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3771** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3772**
3773** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3774** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3775** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3776** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3777** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3778** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3779** is undefined.
3780**
3781** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3782** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3783** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3784** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3785** content is later written using
3786** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3787** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3788**
3789** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3790** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3791** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3792** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3793** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3794** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3795**
3796** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3797** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3798**
3799** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3800** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3801** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3802** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3803** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3804** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3805** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3806**
3807** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3808** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3809*/
3810int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3811int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3812                        void(*)(void*));
3813int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3814int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3815int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3816int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3817int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3818int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3819int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3820                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3821int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3822int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3823int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3824
3825/*
3826** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3827** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3828**
3829** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3830** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3831** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3832** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3833** to the parameters at a later time.
3834**
3835** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3836** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3837** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3838** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3839**
3840** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3841** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3842** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3843*/
3844int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3845
3846/*
3847** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3848** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3849**
3850** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3851** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3852** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3853** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3854** respectively.
3855** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3856** is included as part of the name.)^
3857** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3858** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3859**
3860** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3861**
3862** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3863** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3864** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3865** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3866** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3867**
3868** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3869** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3870** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3871*/
3872const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3873
3874/*
3875** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3876** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3877**
3878** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3879** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3880** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3881** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3882** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3883** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3884**
3885** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3886** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3887** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
3888*/
3889int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3890
3891/*
3892** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3893** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3894**
3895** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3896** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3897** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3898*/
3899int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3900
3901/*
3902** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3903** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3904**
3905** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3906** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
3907** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3908** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
3909** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
3910** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
3911** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
3912**
3913** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3914*/
3915int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3916
3917/*
3918** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3919** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3920**
3921** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3922** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3923** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3924** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3925** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3926** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3927** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3928**
3929** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3930** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3931** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3932** or until the next call to
3933** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3934**
3935** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3936** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3937** NULL pointer is returned.
3938**
3939** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3940** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3941** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3942** one release of SQLite to the next.
3943*/
3944const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3945const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3946
3947/*
3948** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3949** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3950**
3951** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3952** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3953** [SELECT] statement.
3954** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3955** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3956** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3957** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3958** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3959** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3960** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3961** or until the same information is requested
3962** again in a different encoding.
3963**
3964** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3965** database, table, and column.
3966**
3967** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3968** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3969** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3970** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3971**
3972** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3973** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3974** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3975** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3976** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3977**
3978** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3979** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3980**
3981** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3982** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3983**
3984** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3985** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3986** undefined.
3987**
3988** If two or more threads call one or more
3989** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3990** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3991** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3992*/
3993const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3994const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3995const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3996const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3997const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3998const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3999
4000/*
4001** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4002** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4003**
4004** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4005** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4006** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4007** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4008** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4009** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4010** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4011**
4012** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4013**
4014** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4015**
4016** and the following statement to be compiled:
4017**
4018** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4019**
4020** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4021** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4022**
4023** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4024** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4025** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4026** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4027** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4028** used to hold those values.
4029*/
4030const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4031const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4032
4033/*
4034** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4035** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4036**
4037** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
4038** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
4039** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4040** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4041**
4042** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4043** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
4044** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4045** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4046** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4047** interface will continue to be supported.
4048**
4049** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4050** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4051** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4052** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4053**
4054** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4055** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4056** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4057** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4058** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4059** continuing.
4060**
4061** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4062** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4063** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4064** machine back to its initial state.
4065**
4066** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4067** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4068** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4069** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4070**
4071** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4072** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4073** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4074** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4075** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4076** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4077** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4078** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4079**
4080** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4081** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4082** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4083** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4084** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4085** more threads at the same moment in time.
4086**
4087** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4088** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4089** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4090** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4091** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4092** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4093** sqlite3_step() began
4094** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4095** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4096** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4097** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4098** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4099**
4100** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4101** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4102** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4103** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4104** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4105** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4106** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4107** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
4108** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4109** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4110** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
4111*/
4112int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4113
4114/*
4115** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4116** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4117**
4118** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4119** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4120** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4121** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4122** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4123** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4124** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4125** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4126** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4127** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4128** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4129** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4130**
4131** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4132*/
4133int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4134
4135/*
4136** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4137** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4138**
4139** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4140**
4141** <ul>
4142** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4143** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4144** <li> string
4145** <li> BLOB
4146** <li> NULL
4147** </ul>)^
4148**
4149** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4150**
4151** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4152** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4153** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4154** SQLITE_TEXT.
4155*/
4156#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4157#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4158#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4159#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4160#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4161# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4162#else
4163# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4164#endif
4165#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4166
4167/*
4168** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4169** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4170** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4171**
4172** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4173** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4174** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4175** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4176** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4177** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4178** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4179** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4180**
4181** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4182** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4183** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4184** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4185** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4186** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4187** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4188** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4189** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4190** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4191** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4192**
4193** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4194** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4195** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4196** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
4197** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
4198** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
4199** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
4200** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4201** following a type conversion.
4202**
4203** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4204** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4205** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4206** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4207** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4208** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4209** the number of bytes in that string.
4210** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4211**
4212** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4213** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4214** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4215** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4216** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4217** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4218** the number of bytes in that string.
4219** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4220**
4221** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4222** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4223** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4224** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4225** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4226**
4227** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4228** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4229** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4230**
4231** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4232** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4233** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4234** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4235** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4236** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4237** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4238** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4239**
4240** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
4241** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4242** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4243** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4244** that are applied:
4245**
4246** <blockquote>
4247** <table border="1">
4248** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4249**
4250** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4251** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4252** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4253** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4254** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4255** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4256** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4257** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4258** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4259** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4260** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4261** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4262** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4263** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4264** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4265** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4266** </table>
4267** </blockquote>)^
4268**
4269** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4270** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4271** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4272** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4273** in the following cases:
4274**
4275** <ul>
4276** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4277**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4278**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4279** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4280**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4281**      to UTF-16.</li>
4282** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4283**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4284**      to UTF-8.</li>
4285** </ul>
4286**
4287** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4288** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4289** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4290** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4291** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4292**
4293** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4294** in one of the following ways:
4295**
4296** <ul>
4297**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4298**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4299**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4300** </ul>
4301**
4302** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4303** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4304** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4305** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4306** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4307** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4308** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4309**
4310** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4311** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4312** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4313** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4314** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4315** [sqlite3_free()].
4316**
4317** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4318** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4319** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4320** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4321** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4322*/
4323const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4324int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4325int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4326double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4327int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4328sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4329const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4330const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4331int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4332sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4333
4334/*
4335** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4336** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4337**
4338** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4339** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4340** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4341** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4342** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4343** [extended error code].
4344**
4345** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4346** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4347** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4348** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4349** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4350** completed execution.
4351**
4352** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4353**
4354** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4355** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4356** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4357** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4358** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4359*/
4360int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4361
4362/*
4363** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4364** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4365**
4366** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4367** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4368** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4369** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4370** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4371**
4372** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4373** back to the beginning of its program.
4374**
4375** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4376** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4377** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4378** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4379**
4380** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4381** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4382** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4383**
4384** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4385** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4386*/
4387int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4388
4389/*
4390** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4391** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4392** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4393** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4394** METHOD: sqlite3
4395**
4396** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4397** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4398** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4399** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4400** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4401** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4402** the application data pointer.
4403**
4404** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4405** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4406** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4407** to each database connection separately.
4408**
4409** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4410** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4411** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4412** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4413** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4414** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4415**
4416** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4417** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4418** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4419** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4420** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4421** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4422** undefined.
4423**
4424** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4425** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4426** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4427** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4428** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4429** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4430** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4431** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4432** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4433** each encoding.
4434** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4435** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4436**
4437** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4438** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4439** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4440** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4441** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4442** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4443** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4444**
4445** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4446** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4447**
4448** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4449** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4450** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4451** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4452** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4453** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4454** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4455** callbacks.
4456**
4457** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4458** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4459** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4460** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4461** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4462** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4463** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4464** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4465** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4466**
4467** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4468** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4469** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4470** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4471** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4472** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4473** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4474** matches the database encoding is a better
4475** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4476** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4477** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4478** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4479**
4480** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4481**
4482** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4483** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4484** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4485** statement in which the function is running.
4486*/
4487int sqlite3_create_function(
4488  sqlite3 *db,
4489  const char *zFunctionName,
4490  int nArg,
4491  int eTextRep,
4492  void *pApp,
4493  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4494  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4495  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4496);
4497int sqlite3_create_function16(
4498  sqlite3 *db,
4499  const void *zFunctionName,
4500  int nArg,
4501  int eTextRep,
4502  void *pApp,
4503  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4504  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4505  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4506);
4507int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4508  sqlite3 *db,
4509  const char *zFunctionName,
4510  int nArg,
4511  int eTextRep,
4512  void *pApp,
4513  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4514  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4515  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4516  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4517);
4518
4519/*
4520** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4521**
4522** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4523** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4524*/
4525#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4526#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4527#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4528#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4529#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4530#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4531
4532/*
4533** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4534**
4535** These constants may be ORed together with the
4536** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4537** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4538** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4539*/
4540#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4541
4542/*
4543** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4544** DEPRECATED
4545**
4546** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4547** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4548** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4549** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4550** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4551*/
4552#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4553SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4554SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4555SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4556SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4557SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4558SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4559                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4560#endif
4561
4562/*
4563** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4564** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4565**
4566** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4567** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4568** the function or aggregate.
4569**
4570** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4571** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4572** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4573** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4574** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4575** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4576** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4577**
4578** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4579** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4580** object results in undefined behavior.
4581**
4582** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4583** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4584** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4585**
4586** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4587** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4588** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4589** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4590**
4591** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4592** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4593** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4594** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4595** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4596** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4597** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4598**
4599** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4600** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4601** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4602** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4603** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4604**
4605** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4606** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4607*/
4608const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4609int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4610int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4611double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4612int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4613sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4614const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4615const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4616const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4617const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4618int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4619int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4620
4621/*
4622** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4623** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4624**
4625** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4626** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4627** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4628** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4629** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4630**
4631** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
4632** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
4633** input of another.
4634*/
4635unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4636
4637/*
4638** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4639** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4640**
4641** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4642** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4643** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4644** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4645** memory allocation fails.
4646**
4647** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4648** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4649** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4650*/
4651sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4652void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4653
4654/*
4655** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4656** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4657**
4658** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4659** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4660**
4661** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4662** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4663** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4664** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4665** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4666** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4667** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4668** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4669** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4670** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4671** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4672** first time from within xFinal().)^
4673**
4674** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4675** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4676** allocate error occurs.
4677**
4678** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4679** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4680** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4681** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4682** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4683** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4684** pointless memory allocations occur.
4685**
4686** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4687** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4688**
4689** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4690** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4691** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4692** function.
4693**
4694** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4695** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4696*/
4697void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4698
4699/*
4700** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4701** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4702**
4703** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4704** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4705** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4706** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4707** registered the application defined function.
4708**
4709** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4710** the application-defined function is running.
4711*/
4712void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4713
4714/*
4715** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4716** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4717**
4718** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4719** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4720** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4721** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4722** registered the application defined function.
4723*/
4724sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4725
4726/*
4727** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4728** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4729**
4730** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4731** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4732** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4733** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4734** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4735** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4736** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4737** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4738** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4739** invocations of the same function.
4740**
4741** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4742** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4743** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4744** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4745** returns a NULL pointer.
4746**
4747** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4748** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4749** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4750** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4751** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4752** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4753** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4754** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4755** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4756** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
4757** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4758**      SQL statement)^, or
4759** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
4760**       parameter)^, or
4761** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4762**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
4763**
4764** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4765** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4766** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4767** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4768** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4769** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4770**
4771** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4772** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4773** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4774**
4775** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4776** the SQL function is running.
4777*/
4778void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4779void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4780
4781
4782/*
4783** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4784**
4785** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4786** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4787** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4788** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4789** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4790** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4791** the content before returning.
4792**
4793** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4794** C++ compilers.
4795*/
4796typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4797#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4798#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4799
4800/*
4801** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4802** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4803**
4804** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4805** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4806** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4807** for additional information.
4808**
4809** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4810** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4811** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4812**
4813** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4814** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4815** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4816** third parameter.
4817**
4818** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
4819** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
4820** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
4821**
4822** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4823** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4824** by its 2nd argument.
4825**
4826** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4827** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4828** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4829** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4830** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4831** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4832** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4833** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4834** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4835** message all text up through the first zero character.
4836** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4837** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4838** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4839** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4840** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4841** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4842** modify the text after they return without harm.
4843** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4844** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4845** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4846** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4847**
4848** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4849** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4850**
4851** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4852** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4853**
4854** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4855** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4856** value given in the 2nd argument.
4857** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4858** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4859** value given in the 2nd argument.
4860**
4861** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4862** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4863**
4864** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4865** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4866** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4867** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4868** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4869** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4870** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4871** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4872** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4873** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4874** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4875** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4876** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4877** through the first zero character.
4878** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4879** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4880** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4881** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4882** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4883** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4884** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4885** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4886** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4887** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4888** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4889** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4890** finished using that result.
4891** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4892** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4893** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4894** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4895** when it has finished using that result.
4896** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4897** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4898** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4899** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4900**
4901** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4902** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4903** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4904** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4905** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4906** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4907** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4908** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4909** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4910**
4911** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4912** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4913** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4914*/
4915void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4916void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4917                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4918void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4919void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4920void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4921void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4922void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4923void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4924void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4925void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4926void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4927void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4928void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4929                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4930void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4931void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4932void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4933void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4934void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4935int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
4936
4937
4938/*
4939** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
4940** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4941**
4942** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
4943** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
4944** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
4945** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
4946** higher order bits are discarded.
4947** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
4948** in future releases of SQLite.
4949*/
4950void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
4951
4952/*
4953** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4954** METHOD: sqlite3
4955**
4956** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4957** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4958**
4959** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4960** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4961** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4962** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4963** considered to be the same name.
4964**
4965** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4966** <ul>
4967** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4968** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4969** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4970** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4971** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4972** </ul>)^
4973** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4974** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4975** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4976** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4977** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4978** on an even byte address.
4979**
4980** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4981** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4982**
4983** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4984** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4985** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4986** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4987** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4988** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4989** that collation is no longer usable.
4990**
4991** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4992** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4993** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4994** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4995** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4996** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4997** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4998** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4999** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5000** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5001** strings A, B, and C:
5002**
5003** <ol>
5004** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5005** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5006** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5007** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5008** </ol>
5009**
5010** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5011** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5012** is undefined.
5013**
5014** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5015** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5016** the collating function is deleted.
5017** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5018** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5019** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5020**
5021** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5022** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5023** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5024** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5025** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5026** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5027** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5028** compatibility.
5029**
5030** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5031*/
5032int sqlite3_create_collation(
5033  sqlite3*,
5034  const char *zName,
5035  int eTextRep,
5036  void *pArg,
5037  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5038);
5039int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5040  sqlite3*,
5041  const char *zName,
5042  int eTextRep,
5043  void *pArg,
5044  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5045  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5046);
5047int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5048  sqlite3*,
5049  const void *zName,
5050  int eTextRep,
5051  void *pArg,
5052  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5053);
5054
5055/*
5056** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5057** METHOD: sqlite3
5058**
5059** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5060** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5061** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5062** sequence is required.
5063**
5064** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5065** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5066** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5067** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5068** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5069**
5070** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5071** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5072** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5073** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5074** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5075** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5076** required collation sequence.)^
5077**
5078** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5079** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5080** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5081*/
5082int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5083  sqlite3*,
5084  void*,
5085  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5086);
5087int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5088  sqlite3*,
5089  void*,
5090  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5091);
5092
5093#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5094/*
5095** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5096** called right after sqlite3_open().
5097**
5098** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5099** of SQLite.
5100*/
5101int sqlite3_key(
5102  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5103  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5104);
5105int sqlite3_key_v2(
5106  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5107  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5108  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5109);
5110
5111/*
5112** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5113** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5114** database is decrypted.
5115**
5116** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5117** of SQLite.
5118*/
5119int sqlite3_rekey(
5120  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5121  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5122);
5123int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5124  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5125  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5126  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5127);
5128
5129/*
5130** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5131** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5132*/
5133void sqlite3_activate_see(
5134  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5135);
5136#endif
5137
5138#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5139/*
5140** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5141** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5142*/
5143void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5144  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5145);
5146#endif
5147
5148/*
5149** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5150**
5151** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5152** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5153**
5154** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5155** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5156** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5157** requested from the operating system is returned.
5158**
5159** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5160** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5161** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5162** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5163** in the previous paragraphs.
5164*/
5165int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5166
5167/*
5168** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5169**
5170** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5171** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5172** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5173** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5174** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5175** temporary file directory.
5176**
5177** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5178** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5179** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5180** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5181** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5182** be avoided in new projects.
5183**
5184** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5185** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5186** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5187** thread.
5188** It is intended that this variable be set once
5189** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5190** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5191** thereafter.
5192**
5193** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5194** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5195** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5196** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5197** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5198** using [sqlite3_free].
5199** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5200** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5201** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5202** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5203** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5204** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5205** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5206** objects have been destroyed.
5207**
5208** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5209** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5210** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5211** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5212**
5213** <blockquote><pre>
5214** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5215** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5216** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5217** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5218** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5219** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5220** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5221** </pre></blockquote>
5222*/
5223SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5224
5225/*
5226** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5227**
5228** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5229** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5230** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5231** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5232** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5233** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5234** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5235** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5236** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5237**
5238** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5239** open can result in a corrupt database.
5240**
5241** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5242** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5243** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5244** thread.
5245** It is intended that this variable be set once
5246** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5247** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5248** thereafter.
5249**
5250** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5251** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5252** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5253** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5254** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5255** using [sqlite3_free].
5256** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5257** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5258** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5259*/
5260SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5261
5262/*
5263** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5264** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5265** METHOD: sqlite3
5266**
5267** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5268** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5269** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5270** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5271** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5272**
5273** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5274** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5275** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5276** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5277** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5278** an error is to use this function.
5279**
5280** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5281** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5282** is undefined.
5283*/
5284int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5285
5286/*
5287** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5288** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5289**
5290** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5291** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5292** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5293** that was the first argument
5294** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5295** create the statement in the first place.
5296*/
5297sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5298
5299/*
5300** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5301** METHOD: sqlite3
5302**
5303** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5304** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5305** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5306** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5307** a NULL pointer is returned.
5308**
5309** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5310** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5311** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5312** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5313*/
5314const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5315
5316/*
5317** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5318** METHOD: sqlite3
5319**
5320** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5321** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5322** the name of a database on connection D.
5323*/
5324int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5325
5326/*
5327** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5328** METHOD: sqlite3
5329**
5330** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5331** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5332** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5333** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5334** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5335**
5336** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5337** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5338** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5339*/
5340sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5341
5342/*
5343** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5344** METHOD: sqlite3
5345**
5346** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5347** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5348** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5349** for the same database connection is overridden.
5350** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5351** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5352** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5353** for the same database connection is overridden.
5354** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5355** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5356** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5357**
5358** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5359** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5360** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5361** the first call for each function on D.
5362**
5363** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5364** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5365** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5366** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5367** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5368** or rollback hook in the first place.
5369** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5370** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5371** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5372**
5373** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5374**
5375** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5376** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5377** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5378** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5379** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5380**
5381** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5382** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5383** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5384** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5385** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5386**
5387** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5388*/
5389void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5390void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5391
5392/*
5393** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5394** METHOD: sqlite3
5395**
5396** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5397** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5398** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5399** a [rowid table].
5400** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5401** for the same database connection is overridden.
5402**
5403** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5404** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5405** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5406** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5407** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5408** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5409** to be invoked.
5410** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5411** database and table name containing the affected row.
5412** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5413** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5414**
5415** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5416** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5417** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5418**
5419** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5420** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5421** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5422** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5423** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5424** release of SQLite.
5425**
5426** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5427** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5428** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5429** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5430** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5431** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5432**
5433** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5434** returns the P argument from the previous call
5435** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5436** the first call on D.
5437**
5438** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5439** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5440*/
5441void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5442  sqlite3*,
5443  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5444  void*
5445);
5446
5447/*
5448** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5449**
5450** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5451** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5452** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5453** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5454**
5455** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5456** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5457** In prior versions of SQLite,
5458** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5459**
5460** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5461** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5462** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5463** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5464**
5465** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5466** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5467**
5468** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5469** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5470** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5471**
5472** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5473** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5474** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5475** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5476**
5477** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5478** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5479**
5480** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5481*/
5482int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5483
5484/*
5485** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5486**
5487** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5488** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5489** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5490** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5491** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5492** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5493** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5494** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5495**
5496** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5497*/
5498int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5499
5500/*
5501** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5502** METHOD: sqlite3
5503**
5504** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5505** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5506** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5507** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5508** omitted.
5509**
5510** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5511*/
5512int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5513
5514/*
5515** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5516**
5517** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5518** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5519** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5520** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5521** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5522** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5523** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5524** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5525** is advisory only.
5526**
5527** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5528** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5529** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5530** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5531** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5532** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5533**
5534** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5535**
5536** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5537** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5538**
5539** <ul>
5540** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5541** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5542**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5543**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5544** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5545**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5546** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5547**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5548**      from the heap.
5549** </ul>)^
5550**
5551** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5552** the soft heap limit is enforced
5553** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5554** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5555** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5556** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5557** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5558** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5559** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5560** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5561**
5562** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5563** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5564*/
5565sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5566
5567/*
5568** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5569** DEPRECATED
5570**
5571** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5572** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5573** only.  All new applications should use the
5574** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5575*/
5576SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5577
5578
5579/*
5580** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5581** METHOD: sqlite3
5582**
5583** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5584** information about column C of table T in database D
5585** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5586** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5587** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5588** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5589** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5590** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5591** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5592** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5593** does not.
5594**
5595** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5596** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5597** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5598** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5599** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5600** resolve unqualified table references.
5601**
5602** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5603** name of the desired column, respectively.
5604**
5605** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5606** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5607** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5608**
5609** ^(<blockquote>
5610** <table border="1">
5611** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5612**
5613** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5614** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5615** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5616** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5617** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5618** </table>
5619** </blockquote>)^
5620**
5621** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5622** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5623** call to any SQLite API function.
5624**
5625** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5626**
5627** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5628** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5629** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5630** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5631** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5632** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5633**
5634** <pre>
5635**     data type: "INTEGER"
5636**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5637**     not null: 0
5638**     primary key: 1
5639**     auto increment: 0
5640** </pre>)^
5641**
5642** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5643** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5644** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5645*/
5646int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5647  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5648  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5649  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5650  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5651  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5652  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5653  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5654  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5655  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5656);
5657
5658/*
5659** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5660** METHOD: sqlite3
5661**
5662** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5663**
5664** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5665** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5666** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5667** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5668** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5669** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5670** be tried also.
5671**
5672** ^The entry point is zProc.
5673** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5674** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5675** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5676** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5677** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5678** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5679** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5680** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5681** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5682** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5683** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5684** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5685** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5686**
5687** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5688** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5689** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5690** prior to calling this API,
5691** otherwise an error will be returned.
5692**
5693** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5694** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5695** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5696** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5697** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5698** access to extension loading capabilities.
5699**
5700** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5701*/
5702int sqlite3_load_extension(
5703  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5704  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5705  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5706  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5707);
5708
5709/*
5710** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5711** METHOD: sqlite3
5712**
5713** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5714** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5715** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5716** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5717**
5718** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5719** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5720** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5721** it back off again.
5722**
5723** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
5724** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
5725** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
5726** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
5727**
5728** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
5729** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
5730** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
5731** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5732** access to extension loading capabilities.
5733*/
5734int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5735
5736/*
5737** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5738**
5739** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5740** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5741** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5742** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5743**
5744** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5745** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5746** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
5747** entry point where as follows:
5748**
5749** <blockquote><pre>
5750** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5751** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5752** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5753** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5754** &nbsp;  );
5755** </pre></blockquote>)^
5756**
5757** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5758** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5759** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5760** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5761** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5762** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5763** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5764**
5765** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5766** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5767** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5768**
5769** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5770** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5771*/
5772int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5773
5774/*
5775** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5776**
5777** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5778** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5779** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5780** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5781** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5782** routines.
5783*/
5784int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5785
5786/*
5787** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5788**
5789** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5790** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5791*/
5792void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5793
5794/*
5795** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5796** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5797** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5798**
5799** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5800** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5801*/
5802
5803/*
5804** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5805*/
5806typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5807typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5808typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5809typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5810
5811/*
5812** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5813** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5814**
5815** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5816** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5817** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5818**
5819** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5820** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5821** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5822** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5823** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5824** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5825** any database connection.
5826*/
5827struct sqlite3_module {
5828  int iVersion;
5829  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5830               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5831               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5832  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5833               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5834               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5835  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5836  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5837  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5838  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5839  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5840  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5841                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5842  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5843  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5844  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5845  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5846  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5847  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5848  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5849  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5850  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5851  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5852                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5853                       void **ppArg);
5854  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5855  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5856  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5857  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5858  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5859  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5860};
5861
5862/*
5863** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5864** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5865**
5866** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5867** of the [virtual table] interface to
5868** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5869** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5870** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5871** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5872**
5873** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5874**
5875** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5876**
5877** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5878** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5879** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5880** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5881** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5882** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5883** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5884**
5885** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5886** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5887** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5888** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5889** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5890**
5891** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5892** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5893**
5894** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
5895** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
5896** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
5897** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
5898** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
5899** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
5900** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
5901** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
5902** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
5903** non-zero.
5904**
5905** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5906** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5907** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5908** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5909** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5910** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5911**
5912** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5913** [xFilter] method.
5914** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5915** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5916**
5917** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5918** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5919** sorting step is required.
5920**
5921** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5922** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5923** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5924** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5925** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5926**
5927** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5928** will be returned by the strategy.
5929**
5930** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
5931** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
5932** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
5933** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
5934**
5935** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
5936** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
5937** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
5938** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
5939** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
5940** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
5941** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
5942** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
5943** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
5944**
5945** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5946** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
5947** If a virtual table extension is
5948** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5949** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5950** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5951** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5952** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
5953** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
5954** It may therefore only be used if
5955** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
5956** 3009000.
5957*/
5958struct sqlite3_index_info {
5959  /* Inputs */
5960  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5961  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5962     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
5963     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5964     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5965     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5966  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5967  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5968  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5969     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5970     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5971  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5972  /* Outputs */
5973  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5974    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5975    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5976  } *aConstraintUsage;
5977  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5978  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5979  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5980  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5981  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5982  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5983  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5984  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
5985  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
5986  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
5987  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
5988};
5989
5990/*
5991** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
5992*/
5993#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
5994
5995/*
5996** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5997**
5998** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5999** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6000** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6001** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6002*/
6003#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
6004#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
6005#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
6006#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
6007#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
6008#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
6009#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
6010#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
6011#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
6012
6013/*
6014** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6015** METHOD: sqlite3
6016**
6017** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6018** ^Module names must be registered before
6019** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6020** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6021**
6022** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6023** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6024** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6025** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6026** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6027** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6028** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6029**
6030** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6031** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6032** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6033** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6034** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6035** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6036** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6037** destructor.
6038*/
6039int sqlite3_create_module(
6040  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6041  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6042  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6043  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6044);
6045int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6046  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6047  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6048  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6049  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6050  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6051);
6052
6053/*
6054** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6055** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6056**
6057** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6058** of this object to describe a particular instance
6059** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6060** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6061** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6062** common to all module implementations.
6063**
6064** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6065** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6066** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6067** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6068** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6069** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6070*/
6071struct sqlite3_vtab {
6072  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6073  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6074  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6075  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6076};
6077
6078/*
6079** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6080** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6081**
6082** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6083** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6084** [virtual table] and are used
6085** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6086** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6087** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6088** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6089** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6090** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6091**
6092** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6093** are common to all implementations.
6094*/
6095struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6096  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6097  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6098};
6099
6100/*
6101** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6102**
6103** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6104** [virtual table module] call this interface
6105** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6106** the virtual tables they implement.
6107*/
6108int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6109
6110/*
6111** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6112** METHOD: sqlite3
6113**
6114** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6115** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6116** But global versions of those functions
6117** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6118**
6119** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6120** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6121** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6122** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6123** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6124** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6125** by a [virtual table].
6126*/
6127int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6128
6129/*
6130** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6131** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6132** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6133** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6134**
6135** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6136** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6137*/
6138
6139/*
6140** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6141** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6142**
6143** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6144** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6145** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6146** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6147** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6148** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6149** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6150*/
6151typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6152
6153/*
6154** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6155** METHOD: sqlite3
6156** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6157**
6158** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6159** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6160** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6161**
6162** <pre>
6163**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6164** </pre>)^
6165**
6166** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6167** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6168** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6169** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6170** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6171**
6172** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6173** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6174** read-only access.
6175**
6176** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6177** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6178** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6179** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6180** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6181**
6182** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6183** <ul>
6184**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6185**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6186**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6187**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6188**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6189**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6190**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6191**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6192**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6193**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6194**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6195**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6196** </ul>
6197**
6198** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6199** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6200** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6201**
6202**
6203** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6204** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6205** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6206** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6207** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6208** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6209** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6210** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6211** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6212** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6213**
6214** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6215** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6216** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6217** blob.
6218**
6219** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6220** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6221** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6222**
6223** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6224** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6225*/
6226int sqlite3_blob_open(
6227  sqlite3*,
6228  const char *zDb,
6229  const char *zTable,
6230  const char *zColumn,
6231  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6232  int flags,
6233  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6234);
6235
6236/*
6237** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6238** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6239**
6240** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
6241** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6242** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6243** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6244** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
6245** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6246**
6247** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6248** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6249** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6250** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6251** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6252** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6253** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6254** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6255** always returns zero.
6256**
6257** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6258*/
6259int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6260
6261/*
6262** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6263** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6264**
6265** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6266** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6267** handle is still closed.)^
6268**
6269** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6270** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6271** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6272** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6273** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6274**
6275** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6276** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6277** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6278** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6279** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6280** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6281*/
6282int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6283
6284/*
6285** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6286** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6287**
6288** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6289** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6290** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6291** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6292**
6293** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6294** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6295** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6296** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6297*/
6298int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6299
6300/*
6301** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6302** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6303**
6304** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6305** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6306** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6307**
6308** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6309** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6310** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6311** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6312** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6313**
6314** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6315** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6316**
6317** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6318** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6319**
6320** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6321** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6322** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6323** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6324**
6325** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6326*/
6327int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6328
6329/*
6330** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6331** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6332**
6333** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6334** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6335** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6336**
6337** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6338** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6339** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6340** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6341** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6342**
6343** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6344** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6345** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6346**
6347** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6348** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6349** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6350** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6351** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6352** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6353** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6354**
6355** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6356** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6357** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6358** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6359** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6360** or by other independent statements.
6361**
6362** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6363** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6364** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6365** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6366**
6367** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6368*/
6369int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6370
6371/*
6372** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6373**
6374** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6375** that SQLite uses to interact
6376** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6377** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6378** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6379** The following interfaces are provided.
6380**
6381** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6382** ^Names are case sensitive.
6383** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6384** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6385** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6386**
6387** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6388** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6389** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6390** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6391** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6392** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6393** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6394** then the behavior is undefined.
6395**
6396** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6397** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6398** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6399*/
6400sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6401int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6402int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6403
6404/*
6405** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6406**
6407** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6408** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6409** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6410** permitted to use any of these routines.
6411**
6412** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6413** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6414** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6415** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6416**
6417** <ul>
6418** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6419** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6420** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6421** </ul>
6422**
6423** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6424** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6425** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6426** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6427** and Windows.
6428**
6429** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6430** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6431** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6432** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6433** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6434** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6435** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6436**
6437** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6438** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6439** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6440** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6441** integer constants:
6442**
6443** <ul>
6444** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6445** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6446** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6447** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6448** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6449** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6450** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6451** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6452** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6453** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6454** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6455** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6456** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6457** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6458** </ul>
6459**
6460** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6461** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6462** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6463** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6464** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6465** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6466** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6467** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6468** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6469** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6470**
6471** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6472** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6473** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6474** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6475** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6476** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6477** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6478** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6479**
6480** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6481** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6482** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6483** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6484** the same type number.
6485**
6486** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6487** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6488** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6489**
6490** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6491** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6492** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6493** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6494** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6495** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6496** In such cases, the
6497** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6498** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6499** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6500**
6501** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6502** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6503** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6504** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6505** behavior.)^
6506**
6507** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6508** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6509** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6510** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6511**
6512** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6513** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6514** behave as no-ops.
6515**
6516** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6517*/
6518sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6519void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6520void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6521int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6522void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6523
6524/*
6525** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6526**
6527** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6528** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6529**
6530** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6531** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6532** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6533** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6534** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6535** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6536** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6537** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6538** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6539**
6540** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6541** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6542** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6543** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6544**
6545** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6546** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6547** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6548** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6549** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6550** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6551**
6552** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6553** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6554** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6555**
6556** <ul>
6557**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6558**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6559**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6560**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6561**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6562**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6563**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6564** </ul>)^
6565**
6566** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6567** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6568** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6569** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6570** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6571** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6572** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6573**
6574** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6575** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6576** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6577** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6578**
6579** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6580** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6581** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6582** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6583**
6584** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6585** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6586** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6587** prior to returning.
6588*/
6589typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6590struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6591  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6592  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6593  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6594  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6595  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6596  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6597  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6598  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6599  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6600};
6601
6602/*
6603** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6604**
6605** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6606** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6607** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6608** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6609** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6610** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6611** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6612** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6613**
6614** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6615** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6616**
6617** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6618** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6619** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6620** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6621**
6622** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6623** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6624** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6625** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6626** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6627** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6628** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6629** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6630*/
6631#ifndef NDEBUG
6632int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6633int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6634#endif
6635
6636/*
6637** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6638**
6639** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6640** which is one of these integer constants.
6641**
6642** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6643** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6644** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6645*/
6646#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6647#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6648#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6649#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6650#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6651#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6652#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6653#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6654#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6655#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6656#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6657#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6658#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6659#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6660#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6661#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6662
6663/*
6664** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6665** METHOD: sqlite3
6666**
6667** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6668** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6669** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6670** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6671** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6672*/
6673sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6674
6675/*
6676** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6677** METHOD: sqlite3
6678**
6679** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6680** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6681** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6682** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6683** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6684** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6685** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6686** main database file.
6687** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6688** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6689** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6690** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6691**
6692** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6693** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6694** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6695** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6696** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6697**
6698** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6699** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6700** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6701** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6702** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6703** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6704** xFileControl method.
6705**
6706** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6707*/
6708int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6709
6710/*
6711** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6712**
6713** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6714** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6715** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6716** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6717**
6718** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6719** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6720** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6721**
6722** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6723** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6724** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6725** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6726*/
6727int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6728
6729/*
6730** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6731**
6732** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6733** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6734**
6735** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6736** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6737** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6738** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6739*/
6740#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6741#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6742#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6743#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6744#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6745#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6746#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6747#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6748#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6749#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6750#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6751#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6752#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6753#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6754#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6755#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6756#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
6757#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6758#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6759#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6760#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6761#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6762#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6763#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6764
6765/*
6766** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6767**
6768** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6769** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6770** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6771** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6772** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6773** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6774** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6775** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6776** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6777** value.  For those parameters
6778** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6779** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6780** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6781**
6782** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6783** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6784**
6785** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6786** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6787** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6788**
6789** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6790*/
6791int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6792int sqlite3_status64(
6793  int op,
6794  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6795  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6796  int resetFlag
6797);
6798
6799
6800/*
6801** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6802** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6803**
6804** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6805** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6806**
6807** <dl>
6808** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6809** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6810** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6811** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6812** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6813** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6814** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6815** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6816** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6817**
6818** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6819** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6820** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6821** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6822** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6823** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6824**
6825** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6826** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6827** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6828**
6829** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6830** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6831** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6832** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6833** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6834**
6835** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6836** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6837** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6838** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6839** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6840** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6841** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6842** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6843** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6844**
6845** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6846** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6847** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6848** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6849** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6850**
6851** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6852** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6853** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6854** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6855** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6856** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6857** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6858**
6859** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6860** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6861** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6862** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6863** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6864** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6865** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6866** slots were available.
6867** </dd>)^
6868**
6869** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6870** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6871** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6872** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6873** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6874**
6875** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6876** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
6877** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
6878** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6879** </dl>
6880**
6881** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6882*/
6883#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6884#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6885#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6886#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6887#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6888#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6889#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6890#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6891#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6892#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6893
6894/*
6895** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6896** METHOD: sqlite3
6897**
6898** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6899** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6900** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6901** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6902** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6903** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6904** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6905** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6906**
6907** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6908** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6909** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6910** reset back down to the current value.
6911**
6912** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6913** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6914**
6915** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6916*/
6917int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6918
6919/*
6920** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6921** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6922**
6923** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6924** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6925**
6926** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6927** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6928** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6929** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6930** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6931**
6932** <dl>
6933** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6934** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6935** checked out.</dd>)^
6936**
6937** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6938** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6939** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6940** the current value is always zero.)^
6941**
6942** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6943** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6944** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6945** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6946** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6947** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6948** the current value is always zero.)^
6949**
6950** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6951** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6952** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6953** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6954** memory already being in use.
6955** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6956** the current value is always zero.)^
6957**
6958** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6959** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6960** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6961** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6962**
6963** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
6964** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
6965** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
6966** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
6967** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
6968** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
6969** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
6970** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
6971** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
6972** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
6973** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
6974**
6975** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6976** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6977** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6978** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6979** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6980** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6981** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6982** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6983**
6984** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6985** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6986** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6987** the database connection.)^
6988** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6989** </dd>
6990**
6991** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6992** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6993** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6994** is always 0.
6995** </dd>
6996**
6997** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6998** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6999** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7000** is always 0.
7001** </dd>
7002**
7003** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7004** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7005** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7006** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7007** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7008** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7009** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7010** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7011** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7012** </dd>
7013**
7014** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7015** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7016** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7017** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7018** </dd>
7019** </dl>
7020*/
7021#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7022#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7023#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7024#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7025#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7026#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7027#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7028#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7029#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7030#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7031#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7032#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7033#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7034
7035
7036/*
7037** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7038** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7039**
7040** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7041** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7042** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7043** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7044** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7045** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7046** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7047** an index.
7048**
7049** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7050** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7051** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7052** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7053** to be interrogated.)^
7054** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7055** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7056** interface call returns.
7057**
7058** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7059*/
7060int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7061
7062/*
7063** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7064** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7065**
7066** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7067** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7068** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7069**
7070** <dl>
7071** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7072** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7073** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7074** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7075** careful use of indices.</dd>
7076**
7077** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7078** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7079** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7080** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7081**
7082** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7083** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7084** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7085** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7086** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7087** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7088**
7089** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7090** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7091** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7092** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7093** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7094** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7095** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7096** </dd>
7097** </dl>
7098*/
7099#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7100#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7101#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7102#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7103
7104/*
7105** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7106**
7107** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7108** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7109** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7110** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7111** to the object.
7112**
7113** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7114*/
7115typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7116
7117/*
7118** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7119**
7120** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7121** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7122** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7123** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7124**
7125** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7126*/
7127typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7128struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7129  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7130  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7131};
7132
7133/*
7134** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7135** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7136**
7137** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7138** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7139** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7140** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7141** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7142** By implementing a
7143** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7144** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7145** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7146** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7147** how long.
7148**
7149** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7150** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7151** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7152**
7153** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7154** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7155** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7156** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7157**
7158** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7159** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7160** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7161** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7162** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7163** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7164** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7165** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7166** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7167** page cache.)^
7168**
7169** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7170** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7171** It can be used to clean up
7172** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7173** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7174**
7175** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7176** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7177** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7178** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7179** in multithreaded applications.
7180**
7181** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7182** call to xShutdown().
7183**
7184** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7185** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7186** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7187** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7188** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7189** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7190** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7191** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7192** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7193** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7194** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7195** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7196** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7197** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7198** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7199** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7200** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7201** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7202** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7203** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7204** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7205** never contain any unpinned pages.
7206**
7207** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7208** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7209** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7210** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7211** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7212** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7213** value; it is advisory only.
7214**
7215** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7216** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7217** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7218**
7219** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7220** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7221** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7222** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7223** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7224** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7225** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7226** for each entry in the page cache.
7227**
7228** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7229** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7230** to be "pinned".
7231**
7232** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7233** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7234** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7235** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7236** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7237**
7238** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7239** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7240** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7241** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7242**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7243** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7244**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7245** </table>
7246**
7247** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7248** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7249** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7250** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7251** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7252**
7253** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7254** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7255** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7256** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7257** ^If the discard parameter is
7258** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7259** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7260** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7261**
7262** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7263** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7264** to xFetch().
7265**
7266** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7267** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7268** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7269** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7270** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7271** to be pinned.
7272**
7273** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7274** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7275** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7276** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7277** they can be safely discarded.
7278**
7279** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7280** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7281** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7282** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7283** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7284** functions.
7285**
7286** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7287** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7288** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7289** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7290** do their best.
7291*/
7292typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7293struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7294  int iVersion;
7295  void *pArg;
7296  int (*xInit)(void*);
7297  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7298  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7299  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7300  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7301  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7302  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7303  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7304      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7305  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7306  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7307  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7308};
7309
7310/*
7311** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7312** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7313** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7314*/
7315typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7316struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7317  void *pArg;
7318  int (*xInit)(void*);
7319  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7320  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7321  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7322  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7323  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7324  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7325  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7326  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7327  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7328};
7329
7330
7331/*
7332** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7333**
7334** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7335** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7336** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7337** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7338**
7339** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7340*/
7341typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7342
7343/*
7344** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7345**
7346** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7347** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7348** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7349**
7350** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7351**
7352** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7353** for the duration of the backup operation.
7354** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7355** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7356** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7357** preventing other database connections from
7358** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7359**
7360** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7361**   <ol>
7362**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7363**         backup,
7364**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7365**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7366**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7367**         associated with the backup operation.
7368**   </ol>)^
7369** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7370** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7371**
7372** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7373**
7374** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7375** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7376** and the database name, respectively.
7377** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7378** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7379** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7380** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7381** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7382** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7383** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7384** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7385** an error.
7386**
7387** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7388** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7389** destination database.
7390**
7391** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7392** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7393** destination [database connection] D.
7394** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7395** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7396** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7397** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7398** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7399** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7400** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7401** operation.
7402**
7403** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7404**
7405** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7406** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7407** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7408** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7409** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7410** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7411** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7412** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7413** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7414** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7415** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7416** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7417**
7418** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7419** <ol>
7420** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7421** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7422** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7423** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7424** destination and source page sizes differ.
7425** </ol>)^
7426**
7427** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7428** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7429** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7430** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7431** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7432** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7433** [database connection]
7434** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7435** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7436** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7437** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7438** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7439** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7440** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7441** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7442** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7443**
7444** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7445** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7446** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7447** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7448** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7449** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7450** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7451** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7452** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7453** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7454** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7455** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7456** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7457** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7458** updated at the same time.
7459**
7460** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7461**
7462** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7463** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7464** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7465** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7466** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7467** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7468** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7469** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7470** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7471**
7472** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7473** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7474** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7475** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7476** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7477** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7478**
7479** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7480** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7481** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7482**
7483** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7484** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7485**
7486** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7487** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7488** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7489** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7490** sqlite3_backup_step().
7491** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7492** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7493** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7494** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7495** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7496** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7497**
7498** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7499**
7500** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7501** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7502** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7503** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7504** from within other threads.
7505**
7506** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7507** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7508** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7509** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7510** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7511** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7512** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7513** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7514**
7515** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7516** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7517** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7518** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7519** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7520** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7521**
7522** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7523** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7524** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7525** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7526** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7527** possible that they return invalid values.
7528*/
7529sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7530  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7531  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7532  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7533  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7534);
7535int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7536int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7537int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7538int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7539
7540/*
7541** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7542** METHOD: sqlite3
7543**
7544** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7545** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7546** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7547** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7548** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7549** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7550** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7551** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7552**
7553** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7554**
7555** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7556** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7557**
7558** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7559** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7560** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7561** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7562** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7563** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7564** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7565** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7566** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7567** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7568**
7569** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7570** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7571** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7572** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7573** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7574**
7575** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7576** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7577** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7578** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7579**
7580** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7581** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7582** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7583** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7584** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7585** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7586** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7587** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7588**
7589** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7590** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7591** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7592**
7593** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7594** returns SQLITE_OK.
7595**
7596** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7597**
7598** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7599** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7600** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7601** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7602** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7603** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7604**
7605** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7606** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7607** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7608** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7609** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7610** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7611** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7612** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7613**
7614** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7615**
7616** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7617** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7618** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7619** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7620** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7621** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7622** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7623**
7624** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7625** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7626** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7627** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7628** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7629** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7630** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7631** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7632** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7633** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7634** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7635** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7636**
7637** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7638**
7639** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7640** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7641** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7642** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7643** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7644** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7645** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7646** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7647** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7648**
7649** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7650** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7651** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7652** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7653** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7654*/
7655int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7656  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7657  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7658  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7659);
7660
7661
7662/*
7663** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7664**
7665** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7666** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7667** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7668** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7669*/
7670int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7671int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7672
7673/*
7674** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7675*
7676** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7677** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7678** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7679** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7680** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7681** is case sensitive.
7682**
7683** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7684** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7685**
7686** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7687*/
7688int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7689
7690/*
7691** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7692*
7693** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7694** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7695** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7696** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7697** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7698** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7699** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7700** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7701** one another.
7702**
7703** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7704** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7705**
7706** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7707** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7708**
7709** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7710*/
7711int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7712
7713/*
7714** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7715**
7716** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7717** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7718** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7719** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7720**
7721** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7722** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7723** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7724** is considered bad form.
7725**
7726** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7727**
7728** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7729** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7730** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7731** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7732** buffer.
7733*/
7734void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7735
7736/*
7737** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7738** METHOD: sqlite3
7739**
7740** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7741** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7742**
7743** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7744** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7745** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7746**
7747** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7748** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7749** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7750** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7751** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7752** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7753** including those that were just committed.
7754**
7755** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7756** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7757** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7758** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7759** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7760** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7761** are undefined.
7762**
7763** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7764** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7765** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7766** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7767** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7768** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7769*/
7770void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7771  sqlite3*,
7772  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7773  void*
7774);
7775
7776/*
7777** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7778** METHOD: sqlite3
7779**
7780** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7781** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7782** to automatically [checkpoint]
7783** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7784** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7785** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7786** checkpoints entirely.
7787**
7788** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7789** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7790** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7791** configured by this function.
7792**
7793** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7794** from SQL.
7795**
7796** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7797** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7798**
7799** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7800** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7801** pages.  The use of this interface
7802** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7803** for a particular application.
7804*/
7805int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7806
7807/*
7808** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7809** METHOD: sqlite3
7810**
7811** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7812** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7813**
7814** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7815** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7816** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7817** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7818** information.
7819**
7820** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7821** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7822** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7823** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7824** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7825** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7826*/
7827int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7828
7829/*
7830** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7831** METHOD: sqlite3
7832**
7833** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7834** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7835** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7836** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7837**
7838** <dl>
7839** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7840**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7841**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7842**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7843**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7844**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7845**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7846**
7847** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7848**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7849**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7850**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7851**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7852**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7853**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7854**
7855** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7856**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7857**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7858**   [busy-handler callback])
7859**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7860**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7861**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7862**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7863**
7864** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7865**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7866**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7867**   to a successful return.
7868** </dl>
7869**
7870** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7871** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7872** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7873** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7874** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7875** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7876** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7877** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7878** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7879**
7880** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7881** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7882** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7883** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7884**
7885** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7886** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7887** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7888** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7889** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7890** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7891** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7892** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7893** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7894** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7895**
7896** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7897** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7898** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7899** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7900** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7901** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7902** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7903** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7904** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7905** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7906** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7907**
7908** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7909** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7910** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7911** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7912**
7913** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7914** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7915** sets the error information that is queried by
7916** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7917**
7918** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7919** from SQL.
7920*/
7921int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7922  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7923  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7924  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7925  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7926  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7927);
7928
7929/*
7930** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7931** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7932**
7933** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7934** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7935** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7936** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7937*/
7938#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7939#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7940#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7941#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7942
7943/*
7944** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7945**
7946** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7947** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7948** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7949**
7950** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7951** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7952**
7953** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7954** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7955** may be added in the future.
7956*/
7957int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7958
7959/*
7960** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7961**
7962** These macros define the various options to the
7963** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7964** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7965**
7966** <dl>
7967** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7968** <dd>Calls of the form
7969** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7970** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7971** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7972** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7973** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7974** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7975** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7976** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7977**
7978** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7979** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7980** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7981** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7982** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7983** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7984** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7985** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7986** had been ABORT.
7987**
7988** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7989** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7990** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7991** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7992** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7993** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7994** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7995** constraint handling.
7996** </dl>
7997*/
7998#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7999
8000/*
8001** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8002**
8003** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8004** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8005** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8006** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8007** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8008** [virtual table].
8009*/
8010int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8011
8012/*
8013** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8014** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8015**
8016** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8017** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8018** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8019**
8020** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8021** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8022** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8023*/
8024#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8025/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8026#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8027/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8028#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8029
8030/*
8031** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8032** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8033**
8034** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8035** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8036** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8037**
8038** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8039** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8040** S is finalized.
8041**
8042** <dl>
8043** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8044** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8045** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8046**
8047** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8048** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8049** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8050**
8051** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8052** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8053** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8054** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8055** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8056** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8057** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8058**
8059** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8060** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8061** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8062** used for the X-th loop.
8063**
8064** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8065** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8066** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8067** description for the X-th loop.
8068**
8069** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8070** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8071** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8072** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8073** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8074** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8075** </dl>
8076*/
8077#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8078#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8079#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8080#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8081#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8082#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8083
8084/*
8085** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8086** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8087**
8088** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8089** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8090** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8091** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8092**
8093** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8094** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8095** compile-time option.
8096**
8097** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8098** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8099** of this interface is undefined.
8100** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8101** the "pOut" parameter.
8102** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8103** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8104** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8105** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8106** points to is unchanged.
8107**
8108** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8109** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8110** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8111** that pOut points to unchanged.
8112**
8113** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8114*/
8115int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8116  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8117  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8118  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8119  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8120);
8121
8122/*
8123** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8124** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8125**
8126** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8127**
8128** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8129** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8130*/
8131void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8132
8133/*
8134** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8135**
8136** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8137** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8138** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8139** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8140** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8141** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8142** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8143** any [attached] databases.
8144**
8145** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8146** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8147** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8148** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8149** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8150** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8151** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8152** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8153**
8154** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8155** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8156** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8157**
8158** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8159**
8160** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8161** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8162*/
8163int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8164
8165/*
8166** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8167**
8168** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8169** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8170**
8171** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8172** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8173** on a [rowid table].
8174** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8175** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8176** the previous setting.
8177** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8178** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8179** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8180** the first parameter to callbacks.
8181**
8182** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to [rowid tables]; the preupdate
8183** hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or [WITHOUT ROWID]
8184** tables.
8185**
8186** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8187** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8188** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8189** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8190** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8191** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8192** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8193** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8194** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8195** databases.)^
8196** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8197** table that is being modified.
8198** ^The sixth parameter to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8199** row being changes for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE changes and is
8200** undefined for SQLITE_INSERT changes.
8201** ^The seventh parameter to the preupdate callback is the final [rowid] of
8202** the row being changed for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_INSERT changes and is
8203** undefined for SQLITE_DELETE changes.
8204**
8205** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8206** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8207** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8208** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8209** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8210** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8211** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8212** behavior.
8213**
8214** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8215** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8216**
8217** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8218** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8219** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8220** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8221** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8222** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8223** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8224** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8225**
8226** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8227** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8228** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8229** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8230** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8231** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8232** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8233** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8234**
8235** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8236** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8237** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8238** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8239** triggers; and so forth.
8240**
8241** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8242*/
8243#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8244void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8245  sqlite3 *db,
8246  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8247    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8248    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8249    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8250    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8251    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8252    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8253    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8254  ),
8255  void*
8256);
8257int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8258int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8259int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8260int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8261#endif
8262
8263/*
8264** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8265**
8266** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8267** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8268** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8269** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8270** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8271** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8272*/
8273int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8274
8275/*
8276** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8277** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8278** EXPERIMENTAL
8279**
8280** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8281** database for some specific point in history.
8282**
8283** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8284** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8285** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8286** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8287** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8288** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8289** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8290**
8291** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8292** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8293** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8294** the most recent version.
8295**
8296** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8297** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8298** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8299** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8300*/
8301typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8302  unsigned char hidden[48];
8303} sqlite3_snapshot;
8304
8305/*
8306** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8307** EXPERIMENTAL
8308**
8309** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8310** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8311** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8312** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8313** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8314** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8315** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8316**
8317** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8318** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8319** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8320** in this case.
8321**
8322** <ul>
8323**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8324**
8325**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8326**
8327**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8328**        connection D.
8329**
8330**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8331**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8332**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8333**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8334**        must be written to it first.
8335** </ul>
8336**
8337** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8338** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8339** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8340**
8341** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8342** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8343** to avoid a memory leak.
8344**
8345** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8346** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8347*/
8348SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8349  sqlite3 *db,
8350  const char *zSchema,
8351  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8352);
8353
8354/*
8355** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8356** EXPERIMENTAL
8357**
8358** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8359** read transaction for schema S of
8360** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8361** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8362** recent change to the database.
8363** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8364** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8365**
8366** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8367** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8368** out of [autocommit mode].
8369** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8370** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8371** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8372** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8373** [checkpoint].
8374** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8375** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8376** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8377** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8378** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8379** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8380** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8381** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8382**
8383** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8384** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8385*/
8386SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8387  sqlite3 *db,
8388  const char *zSchema,
8389  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8390);
8391
8392/*
8393** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8394** EXPERIMENTAL
8395**
8396** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8397** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8398** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8399**
8400** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8401** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8402*/
8403SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8404
8405/*
8406** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8407** EXPERIMENTAL
8408**
8409** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8410** of two valid snapshot handles.
8411**
8412** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8413** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8414**
8415** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8416** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8417** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8418** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8419** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8420** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8421** is undefined.
8422**
8423** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8424** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8425** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8426*/
8427SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8428  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8429  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8430);
8431
8432/*
8433** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8434** EXPERIMENTAL
8435**
8436** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8437** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8438** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
8439** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
8440** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
8441** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
8442** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
8443**
8444** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
8445** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
8446** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
8447** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
8448** database.
8449**
8450** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
8451*/
8452SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8453
8454/*
8455** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8456** builds on processors without floating point support.
8457*/
8458#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8459# undef double
8460#endif
8461
8462#ifdef __cplusplus
8463}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8464#endif
8465#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8466