xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 8749c183)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return SQLITE_OK if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns SQLITE_OK but the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
385** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
386**
387** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
388** here in order to indicate success or failure.
389**
390** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
391**
392** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
393** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
394*/
395#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
396/* beginning-of-error-codes */
397#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
398#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
399#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
400#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
401#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
402#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
403#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
404#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
405#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
406#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
407#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
408#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
409#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
410#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
411#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
412#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
413#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
414#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
415#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
416#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
417#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
418#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
419#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
420#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
421#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
422#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
423#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
424#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
425/* end-of-error-codes */
426
427/*
428** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
429** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
430** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
431**
432** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
433** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
434** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
435** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
436** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
437** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
438** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
439** on a per database connection basis using the
440** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
441**
442** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
443** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
444** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
445** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
446**
447** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
448** be exactly zero.
449*/
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
472#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
473#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
475#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
476#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
477#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
478#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
479#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
480#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
481
482/*
483** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
484**
485** These bit values are intended for use in the
486** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
487** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
488*/
489#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
490#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
491#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
492#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
493#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
494#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
495#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
496#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
497#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
498#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
499#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
500#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
501#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
502#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
503#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
504#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
505#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
506#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
507#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
508#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
509
510/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
511
512/*
513** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
514**
515** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
516** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
517** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
518** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
519** refers to.
520**
521** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
522** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
523** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
524** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
525** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
526** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
527** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
528** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
529** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
530** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
531** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
532** file that were written at the application level might have changed
533** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
534** guaranteed to be unchanged.
535*/
536#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
537#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
538#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
539#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
540#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
541#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
542#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
543#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
544#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
545#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
546#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
547#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
548#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
549
550/*
551** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
552**
553** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
554** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
555** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
556*/
557#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
558#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
559#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
560#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
561#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
562
563/*
564** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
565**
566** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
567** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
568** these integer values as the second argument.
569**
570** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
571** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
572** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
573** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
574** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
575** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
576**
577** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
578** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
579** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
580** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
581** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
582** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
583** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
584** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
585** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
586** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
587** cares about the difference.)
588*/
589#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
590#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
591#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
592
593/*
594** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
595**
596** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
597** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
598** implementations will
599** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
600** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
601** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
602** I/O operations on the open file.
603*/
604typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
605struct sqlite3_file {
606  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
607};
608
609/*
610** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
611**
612** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
613** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
614** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
615** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
616** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
617**
618** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
619** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
620** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
621** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
622** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
623** to NULL.
624**
625** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
626** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
627** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
628** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
629** and not its inode needs to be synced.
630**
631** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
632** <ul>
633** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
634** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
635** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
636** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
637** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
638** </ul>
639** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
640** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
641** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
642** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
643** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
644**
645** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
646** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
647** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
648** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
649** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
650** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
651** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
652** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
653** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
654** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
655** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
656** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
657** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
658** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
659** recognize.
660**
661** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
662** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
663** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
664** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
665** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
666** underlying device:
667**
668** <ul>
669** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
670** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
671** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
672** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
673** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
674** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
675** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
676** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
677** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
678** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
679** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
680** </ul>
681**
682** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
683** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
684** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
685** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
686** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
687** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
688** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
689** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
690** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
691** to xWrite().
692**
693** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
694** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
695** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
696** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
697** database corruption.
698*/
699typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
700struct sqlite3_io_methods {
701  int iVersion;
702  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
703  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
704  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
705  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
706  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
707  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
708  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
709  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
710  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
711  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
712  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
713  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
714  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
715  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
716  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
717  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
718  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
719  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
720  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
721};
722
723/*
724** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
725**
726** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
727** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
728** interface.
729**
730** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
731** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
732** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
733** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
734** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
735** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
736** is defined.
737** <ul>
738** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
739** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
740** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
741** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
742** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
743** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
744** file run faster.
745**
746** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
747** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
748** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
749** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
750** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
751** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
752** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
753** improve performance on some systems.
754**
755** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
756** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
757** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
758** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
759** additional information.
760**
761** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
762** ^(The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED] opcode is generated internally by
763** SQLite and sent to all VFSes in place of a call to the xSync method
764** when the database connection has [PRAGMA synchronous] set to OFF.)^
765** Some specialized VFSes need this signal in order to operate correctly
766** when [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] is set, but most
767** VFSes do not need this signal and should silently ignore this opcode.
768** Applications should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this
769** opcode as doing so may disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes
770** that do require it.
771**
772** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
773** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
774** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
775** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
776** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
777** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
778** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
779** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
780** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
781** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
782** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
783** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
784** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
785** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
786** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
787** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
788**
789** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
790** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
791** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
792** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
793** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
794** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
795** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
796** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
797** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
798** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
799** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
800** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
801** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
802** WAL persistence setting.
803**
804** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
805** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
806** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
807** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
808** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
809** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
810** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
811** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
812** zero-damage mode setting.
813**
814** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
815** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
816** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
817** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
818** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
819**
820** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
821** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
822** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
823** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
824** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
825** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
826** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
827** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
828** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
829** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
830** is intended for diagnostic use only.
831**
832** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
833** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
834** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
835** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
836** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
837** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
838** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
839** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
840** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
841** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
842** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
843** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
844** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
845** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
846** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
847** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
848** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
849** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
850** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
851** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
852** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
853** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
854** </ul>
855**
856** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
857** ^This file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
858** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
859** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
860** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
861** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
862** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
863** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
864** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
865** current operation.
866*/
867#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
868#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
869#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
870#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
871#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
872#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
873#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
874#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
875#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
876#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
877#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
878#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
879#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
880#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
881#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
882
883/*
884** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
885**
886** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
887** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
888** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
889** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
890**
891** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
892*/
893typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
894
895/*
896** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
897**
898** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
899** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
900** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
901** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
902**
903** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
904** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
905** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
906** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
907** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
908** modified.
909**
910** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
911** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
912** a pathname in this VFS.
913**
914** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
915** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
916** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
917** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
918** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
919** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
920**
921** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
922** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
923** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
924** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
925** object once the object has been registered.
926**
927** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
928** be unique across all VFS modules.
929**
930** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
931** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
932** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
933** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
934** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
935** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
936** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
937** ^SQLite further guarantees that
938** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
939** called. Because of the previous sentence,
940** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
941** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
942** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
943** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
944** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
945** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
946**
947** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
948** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
949** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
950** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
951** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
952** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
953**
954** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
955** call, depending on the object being opened:
956**
957** <ul>
958** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
959** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
960** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
961** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
962** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
963** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
964** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
965** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
966** </ul>)^
967**
968** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
969** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
970** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
971** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
972** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
973** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
974** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
975** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
976**
977** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
978**
979** <ul>
980** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
981** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
982** </ul>
983**
984** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
985** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
986** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
987** databases, and subjournals.
988**
989** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
990** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
991** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
992** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
993** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
994** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
995** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
996** for exclusive access.
997**
998** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
999** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1000** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1001** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1002** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1003** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1004** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1005** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1006** or failure of the xOpen call.
1007**
1008** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1009** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1010** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1011** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1012** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1013** directory.
1014**
1015** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1016** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1017** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1018** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1019** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1020** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1021**
1022** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1023** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1024** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1025** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1026** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1027** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1028** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1029** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1030** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1031** a floating point value.
1032** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1033** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1034** a 24-hour day).
1035** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1036** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1037** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1038** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1039**
1040** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1041** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1042** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1043** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1044** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1045** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1046** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1047** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1048** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1049** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1050** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1051*/
1052typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1053typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1054struct sqlite3_vfs {
1055  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1056  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1057  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1058  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1059  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1060  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1061  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1062               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1063  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1064  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1065  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1066  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1067  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1068  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1069  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1070  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1071  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1072  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1073  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1074  /*
1075  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1076  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1077  */
1078  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1079  /*
1080  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1081  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1082  */
1083  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1084  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1085  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1086  /*
1087  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1088  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1089  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1090  */
1091};
1092
1093/*
1094** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1095**
1096** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1097** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1098** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1099** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1100** simply checks whether the file exists.
1101** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1102** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1103** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1104** the directory).
1105** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1106** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1107** release of SQLite.
1108** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1109** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1110** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1111** SQLite.
1112*/
1113#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1114#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1115#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1116
1117/*
1118** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1119**
1120** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1121** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1122** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1123** xShmLock method:
1124**
1125** <ul>
1126** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1127** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1128** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1129** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1130** </ul>
1131**
1132** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1133** was given no the corresponding lock.
1134**
1135** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1136** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1137** and EXCLUSIVE.
1138*/
1139#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1140#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1141#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1142#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1143
1144/*
1145** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1146**
1147** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1148** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1149** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1150** lock outside of this range
1151*/
1152#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1153
1154
1155/*
1156** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1157**
1158** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1159** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1160** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1161** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1162** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1163** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1164**
1165** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1166** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1167** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1168** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1169** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1170** are harmless no-ops.)^
1171**
1172** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1173** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1174** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1175** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1176**
1177** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1178** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1179** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1180** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1181** sqlite3_shutdown().
1182**
1183** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1184** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1185** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1186**
1187** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1188** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1189** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1190** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1191**
1192** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1193** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1194** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1195** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1196** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1197** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1198** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1199** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1200** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1201** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1202** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1203** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1204** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1205** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1206**
1207** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1208** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1209** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1210** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1211** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1212** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1213** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1214**
1215** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1216** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1217** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1218** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1219** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1220** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1221** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1222** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1223** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1224** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1225** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1226** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1227** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1228** failure.
1229*/
1230int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1231int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1232int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1233int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1234
1235/*
1236** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1237**
1238** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1239** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1240** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1241** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1242** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1243**
1244** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1245** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1246** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1247** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1248** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1249** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1250** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1251** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1252** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1253**
1254** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1255** [configuration option] that determines
1256** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1257** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1258** in the first argument.
1259**
1260** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1261** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1262** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1263*/
1264int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1265
1266/*
1267** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1268**
1269** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1270** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1271** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1272** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1273**
1274** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1275** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1276** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1277** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1278**
1279** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1280** the call is considered successful.
1281*/
1282int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1283
1284/*
1285** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1286**
1287** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1288** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1289**
1290** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1291** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1292** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1293** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1294** By creating an instance of this object
1295** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1296** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1297** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1298** dynamic memory needs.
1299**
1300** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1301** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1302** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1303** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1304** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1305** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1306** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1307** conditions.
1308**
1309** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1310** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1311** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1312** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1313**
1314** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1315** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1316** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1317**
1318** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1319** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1320** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1321** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1322** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1323** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1324** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1325**
1326** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1327** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1328** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1329** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1330** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1331** xInit and xShutdown.
1332**
1333** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1334** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1335** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1336** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1337** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1338** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1339** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1340** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1341** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1342** serialization.
1343**
1344** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1345** call to xShutdown().
1346*/
1347typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1348struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1349  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1350  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1351  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1352  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1353  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1354  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1355  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1356  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1357};
1358
1359/*
1360** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1361** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1362**
1363** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1364** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1365**
1366** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1367** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1368** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1369** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1370** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1371** is invoked.
1372**
1373** <dl>
1374** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1375** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1376** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1377** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1378** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1379** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1380** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1381** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1382** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1383** configuration option.</dd>
1384**
1385** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1386** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1387** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1388** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1389** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1390** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1391** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1392** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1393** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1394** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1395** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1396** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1397** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1398**
1399** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1400** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1401** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1402** all mutexes including the recursive
1403** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1404** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1405** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1406** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1407** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1408** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1409** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1410** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1411** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1412** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1413** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1414**
1415** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1416** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1417** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1418** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1419** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1420** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1421** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1422**
1423** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1424** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1425** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1426** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1427** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1428** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1429** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1430**
1431** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1432** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1433** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1434** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1435** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1436**   <ul>
1437**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1438**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1439**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1440**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1441**   </ul>)^
1442** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1443** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1444** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1445** </dd>
1446**
1447** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1448** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1449** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1450** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1451** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1452** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1453** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1454** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1455** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1456** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1457** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1458** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1459** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1460** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1461** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1462**
1463** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1464** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1465** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1466** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1467** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1468** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1469** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1470** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1471** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1472** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1473** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1474** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1475** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1476** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1477** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1478** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1479** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1480** The pointer in the first argument must
1481** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1482** will be undefined.</dd>
1483**
1484** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1485** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1486** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1487** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1488** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1489** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1490** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1491** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1492** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1493** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1494** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1495** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1496** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1497** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1498** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1499** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1500**
1501** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1502** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1503** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1504** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1505** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1506** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1507** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1508** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1509** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1510** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1511** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1512**
1513** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1514** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1515** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1516** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1517** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1518** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1519** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1520** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1521** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1522** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1523** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1524** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1525**
1526** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1527** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1528** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1529** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1530** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1531** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1532** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1533** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1534** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1535**
1536** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1537** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1538** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1539** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1540** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1541**
1542** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1543** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1544** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1545** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1546**
1547** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1548** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1549** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1550** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1551** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1552** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1553** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1554** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1555** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1556** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1557** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1558** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1559** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1560** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1561** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1562** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1563** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1564**
1565** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1566** <dd> This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1567** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1568** is globally disabled. If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1569** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1570** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1571** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1572** connection is opened. If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1573** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1574** database connection is opened. By default, URI handling is globally
1575** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1576** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.
1577**
1578** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1579** <dd> This option taks a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1580** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1581** full table scans in the query optimizer.  The default setting is determined
1582** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1583** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1584** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1585** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1586** malfunction when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1587** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1588** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1589**
1590** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1591** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1592** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1593** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1594** </dl>
1595*/
1596#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1597#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1598#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1599#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1600#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1601#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1602#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1603#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1604#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1605#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1606#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1607/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1608#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1609#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1610#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1611#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1612#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1613#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1614#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1615#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1616
1617/*
1618** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1619**
1620** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1621** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1622**
1623** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1624** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1625** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1626** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1627** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1628** is invoked.
1629**
1630** <dl>
1631** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1632** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1633** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1634** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1635** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1636** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1637** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1638** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1639** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1640** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1641** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1642** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1643** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1644** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1645** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1646** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1647** when the "current value" returned by
1648** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1649** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1650** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1651** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1652**
1653** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1654** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1655** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1656** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1657** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1658** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1659** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1660** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1661** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1662**
1663** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1664** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1665** There should be two additional arguments.
1666** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1667** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1668** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1669** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1670** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1671** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1672**
1673** </dl>
1674*/
1675#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1676#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1677#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1678
1679
1680/*
1681** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1682**
1683** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1684** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1685** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1686*/
1687int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1688
1689/*
1690** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1691**
1692** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1693** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1694** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1695** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1696** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1697** is another alias for the rowid.
1698**
1699** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1700** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1701** in the first argument.  ^As of SQLite version 3.7.7, this routines
1702** records the last insert rowid of both ordinary tables and [virtual tables].
1703** ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1704** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1705**
1706** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1707** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1708** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1709** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1710** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1711** table method began.)^
1712**
1713** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1714** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1715** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1716** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1717** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1718** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1719** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1720** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1721** the return value of this interface.)^
1722**
1723** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1724** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1725**
1726** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1727** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1728**
1729** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1730** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1731** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1732** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1733** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1734** last insert [rowid].
1735*/
1736sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1737
1738/*
1739** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1740**
1741** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1742** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1743** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1744** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1745** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1746** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1747** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1748** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1749**
1750** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1751** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1752**
1753** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1754** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1755** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1756** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1757** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1758**
1759** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1760** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1761** Most SQL statements are
1762** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1763** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1764** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1765** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1766**
1767** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1768** not create a new trigger context.
1769**
1770** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1771** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1772** trigger context.
1773**
1774** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1775** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1776** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1777** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1778** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1779** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1780** However, the number returned does not include changes
1781** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1782**
1783** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1784** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1785**
1786** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1787** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1788** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1789*/
1790int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1791
1792/*
1793** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1794**
1795** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1796** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1797** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1798** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1799** [foreign key actions]. However,
1800** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1801** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1802** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1803** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1804** are counted.)^
1805** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1806** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1807** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1808**
1809** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1810** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1811**
1812** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1813** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1814** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1815*/
1816int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1817
1818/*
1819** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1820**
1821** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1822** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1823** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1824** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1825** immediately.
1826**
1827** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1828** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1829** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1830** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1831**
1832** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1833** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1834** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1835**
1836** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1837** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1838** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1839** will be rolled back automatically.
1840**
1841** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1842** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1843** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1844** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1845** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1846** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1847** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1848** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1849** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1850** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1851**
1852** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1853** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1854*/
1855void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1856
1857/*
1858** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1859**
1860** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1861** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1862** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1863** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1864** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1865** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1866** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1867** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1868** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1869** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1870** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1871**
1872** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1873** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1874**
1875** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1876** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1877**
1878** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1879** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1880** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1881** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1882** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1883**
1884** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1885** UTF-8 string.
1886**
1887** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1888** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1889*/
1890int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1891int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1892
1893/*
1894** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1895**
1896** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1897** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1898** or process has locked.
1899**
1900** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1901** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1902** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1903**
1904** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1905** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1906** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1907** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1908** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1909** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1910** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1911** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1912**
1913** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1914** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1915** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1916** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1917** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1918** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1919** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1920** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1921** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1922** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1923** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1924** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1925** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1926** the second process to proceed.
1927**
1928** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1929**
1930** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1931** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1932** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1933** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1934** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1935** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1936** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1937** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1938** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1939** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1940** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1941** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1942** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1943** this is important.
1944**
1945** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1946** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1947** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1948** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1949**
1950** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1951** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1952** result in undefined behavior.
1953**
1954** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1955** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1956*/
1957int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1958
1959/*
1960** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1961**
1962** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1963** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1964** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1965** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1966** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1967** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1968**
1969** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1970** turns off all busy handlers.
1971**
1972** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1973** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1974** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1975** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1976*/
1977int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1978
1979/*
1980** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1981**
1982** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
1983** Use of this interface is not recommended.
1984**
1985** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1986** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1987** complete query results from one or more queries.
1988**
1989** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1990** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1991** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1992** and M be the number of columns.
1993**
1994** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1995** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1996** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1997** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1998** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1999** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2000**
2001** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2002** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2003** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2004**
2005** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2006** is as follows:
2007**
2008** <blockquote><pre>
2009**        Name        | Age
2010**        -----------------------
2011**        Alice       | 43
2012**        Bob         | 28
2013**        Cindy       | 21
2014** </pre></blockquote>
2015**
2016** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2017** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2018** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2019**
2020** <blockquote><pre>
2021**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2022**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2023**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2024**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2025**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2026**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2027**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2028**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2029** </pre></blockquote>)^
2030**
2031** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2032** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2033** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2034** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2035**
2036** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2037** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2038** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2039** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2040** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2041** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2042**
2043** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2044** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2045** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2046** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2047** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2048** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2049** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2050*/
2051int sqlite3_get_table(
2052  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2053  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2054  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2055  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2056  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2057  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2058);
2059void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2060
2061/*
2062** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2063**
2064** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2065** from the standard C library.
2066**
2067** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2068** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2069** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2070** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2071** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2072** memory to hold the resulting string.
2073**
2074** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2075** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2076** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2077** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2078** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2079** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2080** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2081** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2082** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2083** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2084** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2085** now without breaking compatibility.
2086**
2087** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2088** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2089** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2090** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2091** written will be n-1 characters.
2092**
2093** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2094**
2095** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2096** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2097** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2098** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2099**
2100** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2101** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2102** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2103** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2104** the string.
2105**
2106** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2107**
2108** <blockquote><pre>
2109**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2110** </pre></blockquote>
2111**
2112** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2113**
2114** <blockquote><pre>
2115**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2116**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2117**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2118** </pre></blockquote>
2119**
2120** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2121** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2122**
2123** <blockquote><pre>
2124**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2125** </pre></blockquote>
2126**
2127** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2128** would have looked like this:
2129**
2130** <blockquote><pre>
2131**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2132** </pre></blockquote>
2133**
2134** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2135** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2136**
2137** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2138** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2139** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2140** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2141**
2142** <blockquote><pre>
2143**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2144**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2145**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2146** </pre></blockquote>
2147**
2148** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2149** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2150**
2151** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2152** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2153** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2154*/
2155char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2156char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2157char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2158char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2159
2160/*
2161** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2162**
2163** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2164** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2165** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2166** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2167**
2168** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2169** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2170** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2171** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2172** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2173** a NULL pointer.
2174**
2175** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2176** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2177** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2178** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2179** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2180** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2181** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2182** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2183** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2184** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2185**
2186** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2187** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2188** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2189** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2190** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2191** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2192** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2193** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2194** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2195** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2196** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2197** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2198** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2199** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2200** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2201** is not freed.
2202**
2203** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2204** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2205** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2206** option is used.
2207**
2208** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2209** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2210** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2211** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2212**
2213** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2214** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2215** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2216** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2217** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2218** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2219** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2220**
2221** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2222** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2223** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2224** not yet been released.
2225**
2226** The application must not read or write any part of
2227** a block of memory after it has been released using
2228** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2229*/
2230void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2231void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2232void sqlite3_free(void*);
2233
2234/*
2235** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2236**
2237** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2238** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2239** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2240**
2241** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2242** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2243** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2244** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2245** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2246** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2247** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2248** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2249** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2250**
2251** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2252** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2253** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2254** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2255** prior to the reset.
2256*/
2257sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2258sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2259
2260/*
2261** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2262**
2263** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2264** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2265** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2266** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2267** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2268**
2269** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2270**
2271** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2272** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2273** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2274** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2275** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2276** method.
2277*/
2278void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2279
2280/*
2281** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2282**
2283** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2284** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2285** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2286** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2287** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2288** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2289** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2290** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2291** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2292** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2293** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2294** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2295** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2296** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2297** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2298**
2299** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2300** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2301** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2302** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2303** access is denied.
2304**
2305** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2306** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2307** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2308** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2309** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2310** details about the action to be authorized.
2311**
2312** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2313** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2314** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2315** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2316** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2317** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2318** columns of a table.
2319** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2320** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2321** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2322**
2323** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2324** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2325** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2326** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2327** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2328** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2329** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2330** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2331** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2332** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2333**
2334** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2335** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2336** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2337** in addition to using an authorizer.
2338**
2339** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2340** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2341** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2342** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2343**
2344** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2345** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2346** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2347** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2348**
2349** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2350** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2351** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2352** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2353**
2354** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2355** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2356** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2357** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2358** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2359*/
2360int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2361  sqlite3*,
2362  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2363  void *pUserData
2364);
2365
2366/*
2367** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2368**
2369** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2370** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2371** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2372** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2373** information.
2374**
2375** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2376** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2377*/
2378#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2379#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2380
2381/*
2382** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2383**
2384** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2385** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2386** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2387** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2388** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2389**
2390** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2391** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2392** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2393** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2394** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2395** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2396** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2397** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2398** top-level SQL code.
2399*/
2400/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2401#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2402#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2403#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2404#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2405#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2406#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2407#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2408#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2409#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2410#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2411#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2412#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2413#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2414#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2415#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2416#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2417#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2418#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2419#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2420#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2421#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2422#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2423#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2424#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2425#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2426#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2427#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2428#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2429#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2430#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2431#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2432#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2433#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2434
2435/*
2436** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2437**
2438** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2439** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2440**
2441** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2442** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2443** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2444** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2445** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2446** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2447** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2448**
2449** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2450** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2451** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2452** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2453** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2454** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2455** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2456** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2457** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2458** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2459*/
2460void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2461SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2462   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2463
2464/*
2465** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2466**
2467** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2468** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2469** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2470** database connection D.  An example use for this
2471** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2472**
2473** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2474** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2475** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2476** invocations of the callback X.
2477**
2478** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2479** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2480** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2481** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2482** than 1.
2483**
2484** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2485** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2486** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2487**
2488** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2489** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2490** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2491** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2492**
2493*/
2494void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2495
2496/*
2497** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2498**
2499** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2500** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2501** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2502** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2503** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2504** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2505** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2506** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2507** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2508** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2509** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2510** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2511**
2512** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2513** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2514** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2515**
2516** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2517** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2518** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2519**
2520** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2521** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2522** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2523** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2524** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2525** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2526** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2527**
2528** <dl>
2529** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2530** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2531** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2532**
2533** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2534** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2535** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2536** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2537**
2538** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2539** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2540** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2541** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2542** </dl>
2543**
2544** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2545** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2546** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2547** then the behavior is undefined.
2548**
2549** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2550** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2551** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2552** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2553** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2554** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2555** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2556** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2557** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2558** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2559** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2560**
2561** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2562** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2563** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2564** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2565**
2566** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2567** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2568** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2569** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2570** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2571** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2572** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2573**
2574** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2575** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2576** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2577**
2578** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2579**
2580** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2581** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2582** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2583** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2584** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2585** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2586** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2587** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2588** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2589** information.
2590**
2591** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2592** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2593** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2594** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2595** present, is ignored.
2596**
2597** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2598** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2599** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2600** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2601** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2602** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2603** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2604**
2605** [[core URI query parameters]]
2606** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2607** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2608** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2609**
2610** <ul>
2611**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2612**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2613**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2614**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2615**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2616**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2617**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2618**
2619**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2620**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2621**     an error)^.
2622**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2623**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2624**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2625**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2626**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2627**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2628**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2629**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2630**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2631**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2632**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2633**
2634**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2635**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2636**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2637**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2638**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2639**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2640**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behaviour requested by setting
2641**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2642** </ul>
2643**
2644** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2645** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2646** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2647** additional information.
2648**
2649** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2650**
2651** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2652** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2653** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2654**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2655** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2656**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2657**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2658**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2659** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2660**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2661** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2662**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2663**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2664**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2665**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2666**          in URI filenames.
2667** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2668**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2669**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2670**          default, use a private cache.
2671** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2672**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2673** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2674**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2675** </table>
2676**
2677** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2678** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2679** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2680** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2681** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2682** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2683** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2684** the results are undefined.
2685**
2686** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2687** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2688** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2689** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2690** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2691**
2692** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2693** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2694** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2695**
2696** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2697*/
2698int sqlite3_open(
2699  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2700  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2701);
2702int sqlite3_open16(
2703  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2704  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2705);
2706int sqlite3_open_v2(
2707  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2708  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2709  int flags,              /* Flags */
2710  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2711);
2712
2713/*
2714** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2715**
2716** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2717** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2718** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2719**
2720** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2721** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2722** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2723** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2724** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2725** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2726** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2727** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2728** a pointer to an empty string.
2729**
2730** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2731** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2732** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2733** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2734** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2735** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2736** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2737** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2738** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2739** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2740**
2741** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2742** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2743** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2744** zero is returned.
2745**
2746** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2747** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2748** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2749** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2750** undesirable.
2751*/
2752const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2753int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2754sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2755
2756
2757/*
2758** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2759**
2760** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2761** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2762** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2763** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2764** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2765** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2766** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2767** disabled.
2768**
2769** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2770** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2771** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2772** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2773** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2774** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2775**
2776** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2777** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2778** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2779** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2780**
2781** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2782** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2783** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2784** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2785** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2786** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2787** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2788** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2789** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2790**
2791** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2792** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2793** error code and message may or may not be set.
2794*/
2795int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2796int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2797const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2798const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2799const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2800
2801/*
2802** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2803** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2804**
2805** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2806** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2807** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2808**
2809** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2810**
2811** <ol>
2812** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2813**      function.
2814** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2815**      interfaces.
2816** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2817** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2818**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2819** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2820** </ol>
2821**
2822** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2823** information.
2824*/
2825typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2826
2827/*
2828** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2829**
2830** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2831** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2832** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2833** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2834** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2835** new limit for that construct.)^
2836**
2837** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2838** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2839** [limits | hard upper bound]
2840** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2841** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2842** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2843** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2844** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2845**
2846** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2847** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2848** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2849** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2850**
2851** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2852** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2853** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2854** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2855** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2856** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2857** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2858** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2859** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2860** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2861** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2862** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2863**
2864** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2865*/
2866int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2867
2868/*
2869** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2870** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2871**
2872** These constants define various performance limits
2873** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2874** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2875** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2876**
2877** <dl>
2878** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2879** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2880**
2881** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2882** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2883**
2884** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2885** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2886** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2887** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2888**
2889** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2890** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2891**
2892** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2893** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2894**
2895** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2896** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2897** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2898** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2899** SQLite.</dd>)^
2900**
2901** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2902** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2903**
2904** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2905** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2906**
2907** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
2908** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2909** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2910** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2911**
2912** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
2913** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2914** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2915**
2916** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2917** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2918** </dl>
2919*/
2920#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2921#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2922#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2923#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2924#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2925#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2926#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2927#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2928#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2929#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2930#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2931
2932/*
2933** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2934** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2935**
2936** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2937** program using one of these routines.
2938**
2939** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2940** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2941** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2942**
2943** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2944** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2945** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2946** use UTF-16.
2947**
2948** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2949** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2950** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2951** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2952** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2953** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2954** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2955** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2956** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
2957** make a copy of the input string.
2958**
2959** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2960** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2961** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2962** what remains uncompiled.
2963**
2964** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2965** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2966** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2967** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2968** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2969** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2970** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2971**
2972** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2973** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2974**
2975** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2976** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2977** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2978** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2979** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2980** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2981** behave differently in three ways:
2982**
2983** <ol>
2984** <li>
2985** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2986** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2987** statement and try to run it again.
2988** </li>
2989**
2990** <li>
2991** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2992** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
2993** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2994** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
2995** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2996** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2997** </li>
2998**
2999** <li>
3000** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3001** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3002** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3003** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3004** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3005** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3006** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3007** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3008** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3009** the
3010** </li>
3011** </ol>
3012*/
3013int sqlite3_prepare(
3014  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3015  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3016  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3017  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3018  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3019);
3020int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3021  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3022  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3023  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3024  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3025  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3026);
3027int sqlite3_prepare16(
3028  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3029  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3030  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3031  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3032  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3033);
3034int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3035  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3036  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3037  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3038  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3039  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3040);
3041
3042/*
3043** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3044**
3045** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3046** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3047** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3048*/
3049const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3050
3051/*
3052** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3053**
3054** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3055** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3056** the content of the database file.
3057**
3058** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3059** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3060** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3061** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3062** change the database file through side-effects:
3063**
3064** <blockquote><pre>
3065**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3066** </pre></blockquote>
3067**
3068** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3069** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3070**
3071** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3072** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3073** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3074** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3075** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3076** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3077** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3078** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3079*/
3080int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3081
3082/*
3083** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3084**
3085** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3086** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3087** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3088** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3089** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3090** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3091** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3092**
3093** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3094** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3095** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3096** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3097** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3098*/
3099int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3100
3101/*
3102** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3103** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3104**
3105** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3106** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3107** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3108** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3109**
3110** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3111** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3112** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3113** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3114** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3115**
3116** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3117** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3118** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3119** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3120** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3121** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3122** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3123** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3124** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3125** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3126** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3127** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3128**
3129** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3130** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3131** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3132** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3133** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3134** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3135** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3136** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3137*/
3138typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3139
3140/*
3141** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3142**
3143** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3144** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3145** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3146** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3147** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3148** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3149** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3150** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3151*/
3152typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3153
3154/*
3155** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3156** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3157** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3158**
3159** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3160** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3161** templates:
3162**
3163** <ul>
3164** <li>  ?
3165** <li>  ?NNN
3166** <li>  :VVV
3167** <li>  @VVV
3168** <li>  $VVV
3169** </ul>
3170**
3171** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3172** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3173** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3174** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3175**
3176** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3177** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3178** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3179**
3180** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3181** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3182** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3183** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3184** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3185** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3186** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3187** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3188** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3189**
3190** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3191**
3192** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3193** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3194** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3195** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3196** is negative, then the length of the string is
3197** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3198** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3199** the behavior is undefined.
3200** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3201** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3202** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3203** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3204** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3205** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3206** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3207**
3208** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3209** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3210** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3211** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3212** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3213** ^If the fifth argument is
3214** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3215** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3216** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3217** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3218** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3219**
3220** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3221** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3222** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3223** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3224** content is later written using
3225** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3226** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3227**
3228** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3229** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3230** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3231** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3232** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3233** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3234**
3235** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3236** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3237**
3238** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3239** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3240** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3241** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3242**
3243** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3244** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3245*/
3246int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3247int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3248int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3249int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3250int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3251int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3252int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3253int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3254int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3255
3256/*
3257** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3258**
3259** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3260** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3261** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3262** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3263** to the parameters at a later time.
3264**
3265** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3266** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3267** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3268** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3269**
3270** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3271** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3272** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3273*/
3274int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3275
3276/*
3277** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3278**
3279** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3280** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3281** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3282** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3283** respectively.
3284** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3285** is included as part of the name.)^
3286** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3287** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3288**
3289** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3290**
3291** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3292** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3293** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3294** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3295** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3296**
3297** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3298** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3299** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3300*/
3301const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3302
3303/*
3304** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3305**
3306** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3307** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3308** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3309** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3310** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3311** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3312**
3313** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3314** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3315** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3316*/
3317int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3318
3319/*
3320** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3321**
3322** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3323** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3324** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3325*/
3326int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3327
3328/*
3329** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3330**
3331** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3332** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3333** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3334**
3335** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3336*/
3337int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3338
3339/*
3340** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3341**
3342** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3343** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3344** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3345** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3346** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3347** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3348** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3349**
3350** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3351** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3352** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3353** or until the next call to
3354** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3355**
3356** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3357** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3358** NULL pointer is returned.
3359**
3360** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3361** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3362** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3363** one release of SQLite to the next.
3364*/
3365const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3366const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3367
3368/*
3369** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3370**
3371** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3372** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3373** [SELECT] statement.
3374** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3375** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3376** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3377** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3378** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3379** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3380** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3381** or until the same information is requested
3382** again in a different encoding.
3383**
3384** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3385** database, table, and column.
3386**
3387** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3388** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3389** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3390** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3391**
3392** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3393** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3394** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3395** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3396** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3397**
3398** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3399** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3400**
3401** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3402** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3403**
3404** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3405** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3406** undefined.
3407**
3408** If two or more threads call one or more
3409** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3410** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3411** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3412*/
3413const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3414const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3415const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3416const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3417const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3418const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3419
3420/*
3421** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3422**
3423** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3424** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3425** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3426** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3427** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3428** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3429** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3430**
3431** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3432**
3433** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3434**
3435** and the following statement to be compiled:
3436**
3437** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3438**
3439** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3440** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3441**
3442** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3443** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3444** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3445** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3446** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3447** used to hold those values.
3448*/
3449const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3450const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3451
3452/*
3453** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3454**
3455** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3456** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3457** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3458** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3459**
3460** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3461** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3462** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3463** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3464** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3465** interface will continue to be supported.
3466**
3467** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3468** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3469** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3470** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3471**
3472** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3473** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3474** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3475** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3476** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3477** continuing.
3478**
3479** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3480** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3481** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3482** machine back to its initial state.
3483**
3484** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3485** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3486** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3487** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3488**
3489** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3490** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3491** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3492** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3493** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3494** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3495** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3496** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3497**
3498** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3499** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3500** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3501** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3502** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3503** more threads at the same moment in time.
3504**
3505** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3506** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3507** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3508** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3509** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3510** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3511** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3512** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3513** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3514** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3515** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3516**
3517** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3518** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3519** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3520** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3521** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3522** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3523** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3524** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3525** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3526** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3527** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3528*/
3529int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3530
3531/*
3532** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3533**
3534** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3535** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3536** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3537** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3538** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3539** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3540** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3541** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3542** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3543** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3544** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3545** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3546**
3547** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3548*/
3549int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3550
3551/*
3552** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3553** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3554**
3555** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3556**
3557** <ul>
3558** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3559** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3560** <li> string
3561** <li> BLOB
3562** <li> NULL
3563** </ul>)^
3564**
3565** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3566**
3567** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3568** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3569** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3570** SQLITE_TEXT.
3571*/
3572#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3573#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3574#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3575#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3576#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3577# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3578#else
3579# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3580#endif
3581#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3582
3583/*
3584** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3585** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3586**
3587** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3588**
3589** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3590** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3591** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3592** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3593** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3594** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3595** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3596** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3597**
3598** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3599** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3600** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3601** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3602** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3603** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3604** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3605** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3606** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3607** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3608** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3609**
3610** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3611** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3612** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3613** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3614** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3615** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3616** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3617** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3618** following a type conversion.
3619**
3620** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3621** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3622** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3623** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3624** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3625** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3626** the number of bytes in that string.
3627** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3628**
3629** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3630** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3631** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3632** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3633** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3634** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3635** the number of bytes in that string.
3636** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3637**
3638** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3639** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3640** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3641** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3642** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3643**
3644** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3645** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3646** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3647**
3648** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3649** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3650** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3651** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3652** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3653** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3654** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3655**
3656** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3657** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3658** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3659** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3660** that are applied:
3661**
3662** <blockquote>
3663** <table border="1">
3664** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3665**
3666** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3667** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3668** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3669** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3670** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3671** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3672** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3673** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3674** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3675** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3676** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3677** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3678** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3679** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3680** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3681** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3682** </table>
3683** </blockquote>)^
3684**
3685** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3686** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3687** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3688** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3689** C programmers.
3690**
3691** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3692** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3693** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3694** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3695** in the following cases:
3696**
3697** <ul>
3698** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3699**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3700**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3701** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3702**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3703**      to UTF-16.</li>
3704** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3705**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3706**      to UTF-8.</li>
3707** </ul>
3708**
3709** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3710** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3711** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3712** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3713** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3714**
3715** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3716** in one of the following ways:
3717**
3718** <ul>
3719**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3720**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3721**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3722** </ul>
3723**
3724** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3725** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3726** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3727** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3728** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3729** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3730** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3731**
3732** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3733** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3734** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3735** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3736** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3737** [sqlite3_free()].
3738**
3739** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3740** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3741** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3742** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3743** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3744*/
3745const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3746int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3747int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3748double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3749int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3750sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3751const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3752const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3753int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3754sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3755
3756/*
3757** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3758**
3759** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3760** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3761** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3762** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3763** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3764** [extended error code].
3765**
3766** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3767** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3768** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3769** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3770** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3771** completed execution.
3772**
3773** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3774**
3775** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3776** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3777** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3778** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3779** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3780*/
3781int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3782
3783/*
3784** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3785**
3786** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3787** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3788** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3789** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3790** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3791**
3792** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3793** back to the beginning of its program.
3794**
3795** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3796** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3797** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3798** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3799**
3800** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3801** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3802** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3803**
3804** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3805** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3806*/
3807int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3808
3809/*
3810** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3811** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3812** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3813** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3814**
3815** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3816** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3817** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3818** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3819** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3820** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3821** the application data pointer.
3822**
3823** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3824** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3825** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3826** to each database connection separately.
3827**
3828** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3829** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3830** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3831** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3832** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3833** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3834**
3835** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3836** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3837** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3838** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3839** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3840** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3841** undefined.
3842**
3843** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3844** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3845** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3846** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3847** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3848** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3849** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3850** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3851** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3852** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3853** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3854**
3855** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3856** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3857**
3858** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3859** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3860** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3861** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3862** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3863** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3864** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
3865** callbacks.
3866**
3867** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3868** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
3869** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3870** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
3871** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
3872** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
3873** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3874** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
3875** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3876**
3877** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3878** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3879** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3880** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3881** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3882** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3883** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3884** matches the database encoding is a better
3885** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3886** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3887** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3888** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3889**
3890** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3891**
3892** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3893** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3894** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3895** statement in which the function is running.
3896*/
3897int sqlite3_create_function(
3898  sqlite3 *db,
3899  const char *zFunctionName,
3900  int nArg,
3901  int eTextRep,
3902  void *pApp,
3903  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3904  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3905  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3906);
3907int sqlite3_create_function16(
3908  sqlite3 *db,
3909  const void *zFunctionName,
3910  int nArg,
3911  int eTextRep,
3912  void *pApp,
3913  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3914  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3915  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3916);
3917int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3918  sqlite3 *db,
3919  const char *zFunctionName,
3920  int nArg,
3921  int eTextRep,
3922  void *pApp,
3923  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3924  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3925  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3926  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3927);
3928
3929/*
3930** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3931**
3932** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3933** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3934*/
3935#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3936#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3937#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3938#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3939#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3940#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3941
3942/*
3943** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3944** DEPRECATED
3945**
3946** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3947** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3948** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3949** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3950** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3951*/
3952#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3953SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3954SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3955SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3956SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3957SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3958SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3959#endif
3960
3961/*
3962** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3963**
3964** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3965** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3966** the function or aggregate.
3967**
3968** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3969** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3970** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3971** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3972** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3973** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3974** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3975**
3976** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3977** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3978** object results in undefined behavior.
3979**
3980** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3981** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3982** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3983**
3984** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3985** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
3986** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3987** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3988**
3989** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3990** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3991** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3992** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3993** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3994** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3995** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
3996**
3997** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3998** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3999** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4000** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4001** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4002**
4003** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4004** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4005*/
4006const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4007int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4008int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4009double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4010int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4011sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4012const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4013const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4014const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4015const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4016int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4017int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4018
4019/*
4020** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4021**
4022** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4023** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4024**
4025** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4026** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4027** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4028** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4029** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4030** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4031** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4032** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4033** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4034** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4035** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4036** first time from within xFinal().)^
4037**
4038** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
4039** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
4040**
4041** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4042** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4043** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4044** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4045** allocation.)^
4046**
4047** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4048** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4049**
4050** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4051** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4052** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4053** function.
4054**
4055** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4056** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4057*/
4058void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4059
4060/*
4061** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4062**
4063** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4064** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4065** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4066** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4067** registered the application defined function.
4068**
4069** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4070** the application-defined function is running.
4071*/
4072void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4073
4074/*
4075** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4076**
4077** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4078** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4079** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4080** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4081** registered the application defined function.
4082*/
4083sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4084
4085/*
4086** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4087**
4088** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
4089** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4090** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4091** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
4092** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
4093** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
4094** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
4095** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4096** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
4097** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
4098**
4099** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4100** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4101** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
4102** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
4103** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
4104** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
4105**
4106** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
4107** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
4108** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
4109** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
4110** not been destroyed.
4111** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
4112** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
4113** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
4114** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
4115**
4116** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
4117** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
4118** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
4119**
4120** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4121** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
4122** values and [parameters].)^
4123**
4124** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4125** the SQL function is running.
4126*/
4127void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4128void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4129
4130
4131/*
4132** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4133**
4134** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4135** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4136** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4137** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4138** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4139** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4140** the content before returning.
4141**
4142** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4143** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
4144*/
4145typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4146#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4147#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4148
4149/*
4150** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4151**
4152** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4153** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4154** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4155** for additional information.
4156**
4157** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4158** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4159** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4160**
4161** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4162** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4163** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4164** third parameter.
4165**
4166** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4167** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4168** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4169**
4170** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4171** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4172** by its 2nd argument.
4173**
4174** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4175** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4176** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4177** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4178** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4179** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4180** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4181** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4182** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4183** message all text up through the first zero character.
4184** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4185** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4186** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4187** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4188** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4189** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4190** modify the text after they return without harm.
4191** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4192** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4193** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4194** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4195**
4196** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4197** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4198**
4199** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4200** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4201**
4202** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4203** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4204** value given in the 2nd argument.
4205** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4206** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4207** value given in the 2nd argument.
4208**
4209** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4210** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4211**
4212** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4213** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4214** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4215** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4216** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4217** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4218** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4219** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4220** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4221** through the first zero character.
4222** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4223** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4224** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4225** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4226** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4227** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4228** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4229** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4230** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4231** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4232** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4233** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4234** finished using that result.
4235** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4236** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4237** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4238** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4239** when it has finished using that result.
4240** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4241** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4242** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4243** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4244**
4245** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4246** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4247** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4248** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4249** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4250** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4251** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4252** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4253** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4254**
4255** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4256** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4257** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4258*/
4259void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4260void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4261void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4262void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4263void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4264void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4265void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4266void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4267void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4268void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4269void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4270void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4271void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4272void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4273void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4274void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4275
4276/*
4277** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4278**
4279** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4280** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4281**
4282** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4283** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4284** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4285** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4286** considered to be the same name.
4287**
4288** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4289** <ul>
4290** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4291** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4292** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4293** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4294** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4295** </ul>)^
4296** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4297** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4298** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4299** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4300** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4301** on an even byte address.
4302**
4303** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4304** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4305**
4306** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4307** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4308** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4309** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4310** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4311** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4312** that collation is no longer usable.
4313**
4314** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4315** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4316** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4317** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4318** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4319** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4320** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4321** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4322** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4323** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4324** strings A, B, and C:
4325**
4326** <ol>
4327** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4328** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4329** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4330** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4331** </ol>
4332**
4333** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4334** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4335** is undefined.
4336**
4337** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4338** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4339** the collating function is deleted.
4340** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4341** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4342** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4343**
4344** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4345** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4346** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4347** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4348** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4349** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4350** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4351** compatibility.
4352**
4353** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4354*/
4355int sqlite3_create_collation(
4356  sqlite3*,
4357  const char *zName,
4358  int eTextRep,
4359  void *pArg,
4360  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4361);
4362int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4363  sqlite3*,
4364  const char *zName,
4365  int eTextRep,
4366  void *pArg,
4367  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4368  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4369);
4370int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4371  sqlite3*,
4372  const void *zName,
4373  int eTextRep,
4374  void *pArg,
4375  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4376);
4377
4378/*
4379** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4380**
4381** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4382** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4383** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4384** sequence is required.
4385**
4386** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4387** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4388** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4389** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4390** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4391**
4392** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4393** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4394** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4395** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4396** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4397** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4398** required collation sequence.)^
4399**
4400** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4401** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4402** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4403*/
4404int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4405  sqlite3*,
4406  void*,
4407  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4408);
4409int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4410  sqlite3*,
4411  void*,
4412  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4413);
4414
4415#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4416/*
4417** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4418** called right after sqlite3_open().
4419**
4420** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4421** of SQLite.
4422*/
4423int sqlite3_key(
4424  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4425  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4426);
4427
4428/*
4429** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4430** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4431** database is decrypted.
4432**
4433** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4434** of SQLite.
4435*/
4436int sqlite3_rekey(
4437  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4438  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4439);
4440
4441/*
4442** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4443** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4444*/
4445void sqlite3_activate_see(
4446  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4447);
4448#endif
4449
4450#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4451/*
4452** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4453** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4454*/
4455void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4456  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4457);
4458#endif
4459
4460/*
4461** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4462**
4463** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4464** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4465**
4466** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4467** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4468** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4469** requested from the operating system is returned.
4470**
4471** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4472** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4473** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4474** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4475** in the previous paragraphs.
4476*/
4477int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4478
4479/*
4480** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4481**
4482** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4483** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4484** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4485** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4486** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4487** temporary file directory.
4488**
4489** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4490** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4491** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4492** thread.
4493** It is intended that this variable be set once
4494** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4495** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4496** thereafter.
4497**
4498** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4499** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4500** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4501** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4502** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4503** using [sqlite3_free].
4504** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4505** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4506** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4507**
4508** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4509** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4510** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4511** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4512**
4513** <blockquote><pre>
4514** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4515** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4516** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4517** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4518** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4519** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4520** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4521** </pre></blockquote>
4522*/
4523SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4524
4525/*
4526** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4527**
4528** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4529** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4530** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4531** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4532** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4533** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4534** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4535** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4536** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4537**
4538** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4539** open can result in a corrupt database.
4540**
4541** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4542** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4543** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4544** thread.
4545** It is intended that this variable be set once
4546** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4547** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4548** thereafter.
4549**
4550** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4551** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4552** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4553** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4554** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4555** using [sqlite3_free].
4556** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4557** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4558** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4559*/
4560SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4561
4562/*
4563** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4564** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4565**
4566** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4567** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4568** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4569** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4570** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4571**
4572** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4573** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4574** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4575** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4576** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4577** an error is to use this function.
4578**
4579** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4580** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4581** is undefined.
4582*/
4583int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4584
4585/*
4586** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4587**
4588** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4589** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4590** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4591** that was the first argument
4592** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4593** create the statement in the first place.
4594*/
4595sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4596
4597/*
4598** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4599**
4600** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4601** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4602** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4603** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4604** a NULL pointer is returned.
4605**
4606** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4607** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4608** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4609** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4610*/
4611const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4612
4613/*
4614** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4615**
4616** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4617** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4618** the name of a database on connection D.
4619*/
4620int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4621
4622/*
4623** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4624**
4625** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4626** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4627** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4628** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4629** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4630**
4631** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4632** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4633** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4634*/
4635sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4636
4637/*
4638** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4639**
4640** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4641** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4642** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4643** for the same database connection is overridden.
4644** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4645** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4646** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4647** for the same database connection is overridden.
4648** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4649** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4650** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4651**
4652** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4653** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4654** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4655** the first call for each function on D.
4656**
4657** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4658** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4659** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4660** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4661** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4662** or rollback hook in the first place.
4663** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4664** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4665** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4666**
4667** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4668**
4669** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4670** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4671** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4672** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4673** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4674**
4675** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4676** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4677** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4678** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4679** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4680**
4681** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4682*/
4683void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4684void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4685
4686/*
4687** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4688**
4689** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4690** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4691** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4692** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4693** for the same database connection is overridden.
4694**
4695** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4696** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4697** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4698** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4699** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4700** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4701** to be invoked.
4702** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4703** database and table name containing the affected row.
4704** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4705** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4706**
4707** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4708** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4709**
4710** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4711** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4712** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4713** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4714** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4715** release of SQLite.
4716**
4717** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4718** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4719** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4720** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4721** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4722** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4723**
4724** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4725** returns the P argument from the previous call
4726** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4727** the first call on D.
4728**
4729** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4730** interfaces.
4731*/
4732void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4733  sqlite3*,
4734  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4735  void*
4736);
4737
4738/*
4739** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4740**
4741** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4742** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4743** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4744** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4745**
4746** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4747** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4748** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4749**
4750** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4751** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4752** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4753** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4754**
4755** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4756** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4757**
4758** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4759** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4760** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4761**
4762** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
4763** 32-bit integer is atomic.
4764**
4765** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4766*/
4767int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4768
4769/*
4770** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4771**
4772** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4773** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4774** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4775** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4776** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4777** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4778** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4779** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4780**
4781** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4782*/
4783int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4784
4785/*
4786** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4787**
4788** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4789** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4790** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is effect even
4791** when then [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4792** omitted.
4793**
4794** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4795*/
4796int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4797
4798/*
4799** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4800**
4801** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4802** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4803** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4804** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4805** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4806** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4807** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4808** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4809** is advisory only.
4810**
4811** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4812** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4813** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4814** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4815** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4816** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4817**
4818** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4819**
4820** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4821** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4822**
4823** <ul>
4824** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4825** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4826**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4827**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4828** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
4829**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
4830** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4831**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4832**      from the heap.
4833** </ul>)^
4834**
4835** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4836** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4837** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4838** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4839** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4840** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4841** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4842** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4843** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4844**
4845** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4846** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4847*/
4848sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4849
4850/*
4851** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4852** DEPRECATED
4853**
4854** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4855** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4856** only.  All new applications should use the
4857** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4858*/
4859SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4860
4861
4862/*
4863** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4864**
4865** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4866** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4867** passed as the first function argument.
4868**
4869** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4870** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4871** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4872** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4873** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4874** resolve unqualified table references.
4875**
4876** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4877** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4878** may be NULL.
4879**
4880** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4881** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4882** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4883**
4884** ^(<blockquote>
4885** <table border="1">
4886** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4887**
4888** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4889** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4890** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4891** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4892** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4893** </table>
4894** </blockquote>)^
4895**
4896** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4897** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4898** call to any SQLite API function.
4899**
4900** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4901**
4902** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4903** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4904** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4905** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4906** parameters are set as follows:
4907**
4908** <pre>
4909**     data type: "INTEGER"
4910**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4911**     not null: 0
4912**     primary key: 1
4913**     auto increment: 0
4914** </pre>)^
4915**
4916** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4917** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4918** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4919** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4920**
4921** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4922** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4923*/
4924int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4925  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4926  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4927  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4928  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4929  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4930  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4931  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4932  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4933  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4934);
4935
4936/*
4937** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4938**
4939** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4940**
4941** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4942** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4943**
4944** ^The entry point is zProc.
4945** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4946** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4947** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4948** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4949** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4950** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4951** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4952** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4953** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4954**
4955** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4956** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4957** otherwise an error will be returned.
4958**
4959** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4960*/
4961int sqlite3_load_extension(
4962  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4963  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4964  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4965  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4966);
4967
4968/*
4969** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4970**
4971** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4972** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4973** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4974** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4975**
4976** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4977** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4978** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4979** it back off again.
4980*/
4981int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4982
4983/*
4984** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
4985**
4986** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
4987** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
4988** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked SQLite extension
4989** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
4990**
4991** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
4992** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
4993** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
4994** entry point where as follows:
4995**
4996** <blockquote><pre>
4997** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
4998** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
4999** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5000** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5001** &nbsp;  );
5002** </pre></blockquote>)^
5003**
5004** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5005** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5006** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5007** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5008** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5009** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5010** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5011**
5012** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5013** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5014** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5015**
5016** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].
5017*/
5018int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5019
5020/*
5021** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5022**
5023** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5024** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5025*/
5026void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5027
5028/*
5029** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5030** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5031** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5032**
5033** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5034** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5035*/
5036
5037/*
5038** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5039*/
5040typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5041typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5042typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5043typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5044
5045/*
5046** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5047** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5048**
5049** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5050** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5051** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5052**
5053** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5054** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5055** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5056** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5057** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5058** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5059** any database connection.
5060*/
5061struct sqlite3_module {
5062  int iVersion;
5063  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5064               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5065               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5066  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5067               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5068               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5069  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5070  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5071  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5072  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5073  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5074  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5075                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5076  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5077  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5078  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5079  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5080  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5081  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5082  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5083  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5084  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5085  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5086                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5087                       void **ppArg);
5088  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5089  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5090  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5091  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5092  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5093  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5094};
5095
5096/*
5097** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5098** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5099**
5100** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5101** of the [virtual table] interface to
5102** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5103** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5104** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5105** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5106**
5107** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5108**
5109** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5110**
5111** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5112** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5113** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5114** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5115** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5116** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5117** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5118**
5119** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5120** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5121** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5122** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5123** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5124**
5125** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5126** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5127**
5128** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5129** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5130** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5131** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5132** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5133** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5134**
5135** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5136** [xFilter] method.
5137** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5138** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5139**
5140** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5141** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5142** sorting step is required.
5143**
5144** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
5145** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
5146** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
5147** cost of approximately log(N).
5148*/
5149struct sqlite3_index_info {
5150  /* Inputs */
5151  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5152  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5153     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5154     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5155     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5156     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5157  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5158  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5159  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5160     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5161     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5162  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5163  /* Outputs */
5164  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5165    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5166    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5167  } *aConstraintUsage;
5168  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5169  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5170  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5171  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5172  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5173};
5174
5175/*
5176** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5177**
5178** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5179** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5180** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5181** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5182*/
5183#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5184#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5185#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5186#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5187#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5188#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5189
5190/*
5191** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5192**
5193** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5194** ^Module names must be registered before
5195** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5196** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5197**
5198** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5199** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5200** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5201** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5202** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5203** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5204** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5205**
5206** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5207** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5208** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5209** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5210** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5211** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5212** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5213** destructor.
5214*/
5215int sqlite3_create_module(
5216  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5217  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5218  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5219  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5220);
5221int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5222  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5223  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5224  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5225  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5226  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5227);
5228
5229/*
5230** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5231** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5232**
5233** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5234** of this object to describe a particular instance
5235** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5236** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5237** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5238** common to all module implementations.
5239**
5240** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5241** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5242** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5243** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5244** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5245** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5246*/
5247struct sqlite3_vtab {
5248  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5249  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5250  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5251  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5252};
5253
5254/*
5255** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5256** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5257**
5258** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5259** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5260** [virtual table] and are used
5261** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5262** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5263** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5264** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5265** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5266** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5267**
5268** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5269** are common to all implementations.
5270*/
5271struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5272  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5273  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5274};
5275
5276/*
5277** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5278**
5279** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5280** [virtual table module] call this interface
5281** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5282** the virtual tables they implement.
5283*/
5284int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5285
5286/*
5287** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5288**
5289** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5290** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5291** But global versions of those functions
5292** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5293**
5294** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5295** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5296** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5297** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5298** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5299** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5300** by a [virtual table].
5301*/
5302int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5303
5304/*
5305** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5306** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5307** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5308** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5309**
5310** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5311** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5312*/
5313
5314/*
5315** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5316** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5317**
5318** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5319** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5320** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5321** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5322** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5323** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5324** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5325*/
5326typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5327
5328/*
5329** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5330**
5331** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5332** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5333** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5334**
5335** <pre>
5336**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5337** </pre>)^
5338**
5339** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5340** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5341** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5342** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5343** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5344**
5345** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5346** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5347** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5348** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5349** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5350**
5351** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5352** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5353** to be a null pointer.)^
5354** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5355** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5356** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5357** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5358** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5359**
5360** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5361** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5362** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5363** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5364** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5365** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5366** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5367** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5368** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5369** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5370**
5371** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5372** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5373** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5374** blob.
5375**
5376** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5377** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5378** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5379** this interface.
5380**
5381** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5382** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5383*/
5384int sqlite3_blob_open(
5385  sqlite3*,
5386  const char *zDb,
5387  const char *zTable,
5388  const char *zColumn,
5389  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5390  int flags,
5391  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5392);
5393
5394/*
5395** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5396**
5397** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5398** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5399** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5400** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5401** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5402** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5403**
5404** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5405** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5406** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5407** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5408** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5409** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5410** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5411** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5412** always returns zero.
5413**
5414** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5415*/
5416SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5417
5418/*
5419** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5420**
5421** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5422**
5423** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5424** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5425** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5426** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5427** until the close operation if they will fit.
5428**
5429** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5430** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5431** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5432** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5433**
5434** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5435** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5436**
5437** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5438** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5439*/
5440int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5441
5442/*
5443** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5444**
5445** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5446** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5447** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5448** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5449**
5450** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5451** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5452** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5453** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5454*/
5455int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5456
5457/*
5458** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5459**
5460** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5461** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5462** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5463**
5464** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5465** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5466** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5467** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5468** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5469**
5470** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5471** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5472**
5473** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5474** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5475**
5476** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5477** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5478** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5479** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5480**
5481** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5482*/
5483int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5484
5485/*
5486** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5487**
5488** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5489** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5490** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5491**
5492** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5493** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5494** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5495**
5496** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5497** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5498** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5499** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5500** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5501** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5502** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5503**
5504** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5505** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5506** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5507** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5508** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5509** or by other independent statements.
5510**
5511** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5512** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5513**
5514** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5515** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5516** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5517** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5518**
5519** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5520*/
5521int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5522
5523/*
5524** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5525**
5526** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5527** that SQLite uses to interact
5528** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5529** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5530** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5531** The following interfaces are provided.
5532**
5533** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5534** ^Names are case sensitive.
5535** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5536** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5537** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5538**
5539** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5540** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5541** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5542** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5543** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5544** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5545** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5546** then the behavior is undefined.
5547**
5548** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5549** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5550** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5551*/
5552sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5553int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5554int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5555
5556/*
5557** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5558**
5559** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5560** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5561** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5562** permitted to use any of these routines.
5563**
5564** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5565** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5566** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5567** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5568**
5569** <ul>
5570** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5571** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5572** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5573** </ul>)^
5574**
5575** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5576** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5577** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5578** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5579** and Windows.
5580**
5581** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5582** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5583** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5584** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5585** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5586** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5587** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5588**
5589** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5590** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5591** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5592** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5593** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5594**
5595** <ul>
5596** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5597** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5598** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5599** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5600** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5601** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5602** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5603** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5604** </ul>)^
5605**
5606** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5607** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5608** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5609** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5610** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5611** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5612** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5613** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5614** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5615** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5616**
5617** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5618** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5619** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5620** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5621** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5622** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5623** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5624** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5625**
5626** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5627** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5628** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5629** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5630** the same type number.
5631**
5632** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5633** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5634** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5635** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5636** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5637** a static mutex.
5638**
5639** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5640** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5641** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5642** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5643** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5644** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5645** In such cases the,
5646** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5647** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5648** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5649** SQLite will never exhibit
5650** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5651**
5652** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5653** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5654** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5655** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5656**
5657** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5658** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5659** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5660** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5661** never do either.)^
5662**
5663** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5664** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5665** behave as no-ops.
5666**
5667** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5668*/
5669sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5670void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5671void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5672int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5673void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5674
5675/*
5676** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5677**
5678** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5679** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5680**
5681** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5682** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5683** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5684** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5685** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5686** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5687** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5688** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5689** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5690**
5691** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5692** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5693** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5694** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5695**
5696** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5697** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5698** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5699** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5700** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5701** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5702**
5703** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5704** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5705** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5706**
5707** <ul>
5708**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5709**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5710**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5711**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5712**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5713**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5714**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5715** </ul>)^
5716**
5717** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5718** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5719** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5720** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5721** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5722** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5723** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5724**
5725** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5726** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5727** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5728** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5729**
5730** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5731** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5732** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5733** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5734**
5735** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5736** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5737** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5738** prior to returning.
5739*/
5740typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5741struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5742  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5743  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5744  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5745  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5746  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5747  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5748  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5749  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5750  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5751};
5752
5753/*
5754** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5755**
5756** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5757** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5758** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5759** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5760** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5761** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5762** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5763** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5764**
5765** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5766** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5767**
5768** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5769** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5770** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5771** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5772**
5773** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5774** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5775** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5776** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5777** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5778** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5779** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5780** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5781*/
5782#ifndef NDEBUG
5783int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5784int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5785#endif
5786
5787/*
5788** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5789**
5790** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5791** which is one of these integer constants.
5792**
5793** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5794** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5795** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5796*/
5797#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5798#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5799#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5800#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5801#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5802#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5803#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5804#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5805#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
5806#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
5807
5808/*
5809** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5810**
5811** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5812** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5813** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5814** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5815** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5816*/
5817sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5818
5819/*
5820** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5821**
5822** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5823** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5824** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5825** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5826** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5827** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5828** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5829** main database file.
5830** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5831** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5832** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5833** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5834**
5835** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
5836** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
5837** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
5838** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
5839** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
5840**
5841** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5842** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5843** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5844** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5845** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5846** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5847** xFileControl method.
5848**
5849** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5850*/
5851int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5852
5853/*
5854** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5855**
5856** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5857** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5858** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5859** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5860**
5861** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5862** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5863** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5864**
5865** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5866** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5867** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5868** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5869*/
5870int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5871
5872/*
5873** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5874**
5875** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5876** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5877**
5878** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5879** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5880** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5881** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5882*/
5883#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5884#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5885#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5886#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5887#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5888#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5889#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5890#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5891#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5892#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5893#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5894#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5895#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5896#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
5897#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
5898#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
5899#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    19
5900
5901/*
5902** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5903**
5904** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5905** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5906** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5907** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5908** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5909** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5910** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5911** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5912** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5913** value.  For those parameters
5914** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5915** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5916** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5917**
5918** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5919** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5920**
5921** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5922** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5923** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5924** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5925** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5926** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5927**
5928** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5929*/
5930int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5931
5932
5933/*
5934** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5935** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
5936**
5937** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5938** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5939**
5940** <dl>
5941** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5942** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5943** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5944** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5945** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5946** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5947** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5948** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5949** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5950**
5951** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5952** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5953** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5954** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5955** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5956** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5957**
5958** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5959** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
5960** currently checked out.</dd>)^
5961**
5962** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5963** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5964** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5965** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5966** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5967**
5968** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
5969** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5970** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5971** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5972** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5973** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5974** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5975** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5976** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5977**
5978** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5979** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5980** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5981** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5982** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5983**
5984** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5985** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5986** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5987** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5988** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5989** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5990** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
5991**
5992** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5993** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5994** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5995** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5996** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5997** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5998** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5999** slots were available.
6000** </dd>)^
6001**
6002** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6003** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6004** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6005** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6006** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6007**
6008** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6009** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6010** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6011** </dl>
6012**
6013** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6014*/
6015#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6016#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6017#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6018#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6019#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6020#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6021#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6022#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6023#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6024#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6025
6026/*
6027** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6028**
6029** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6030** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6031** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6032** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6033** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6034** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6035** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6036** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6037**
6038** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6039** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6040** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6041** reset back down to the current value.
6042**
6043** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6044** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6045**
6046** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6047*/
6048int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6049
6050/*
6051** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6052** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6053**
6054** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6055** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6056**
6057** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6058** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6059** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6060** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6061** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6062**
6063** <dl>
6064** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6065** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6066** checked out.</dd>)^
6067**
6068** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6069** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6070** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6071** the current value is always zero.)^
6072**
6073** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6074** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6075** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6076** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6077** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6078** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6079** the current value is always zero.)^
6080**
6081** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6082** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6083** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6084** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6085** memory already being in use.
6086** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6087** the current value is always zero.)^
6088**
6089** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6090** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6091** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6092** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6093**
6094** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6095** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6096** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6097** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6098** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6099** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6100** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6101** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6102**
6103** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6104** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6105** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6106** the database connection.)^
6107** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6108** </dd>
6109**
6110** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6111** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6112** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6113** is always 0.
6114** </dd>
6115**
6116** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6117** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6118** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6119** is always 0.
6120** </dd>
6121**
6122** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6123** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6124** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6125** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6126** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6127** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6128** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6129** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6130** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6131** </dd>
6132** </dl>
6133*/
6134#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6135#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6136#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6137#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6138#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6139#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6140#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6141#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6142#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6143#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6144#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                  9   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6145
6146
6147/*
6148** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6149**
6150** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6151** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6152** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6153** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6154** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6155** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6156** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6157** an index.
6158**
6159** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6160** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6161** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6162** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6163** to be interrogated.)^
6164** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6165** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6166** interface call returns.
6167**
6168** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6169*/
6170int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6171
6172/*
6173** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6174** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6175**
6176** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6177** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6178** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6179**
6180** <dl>
6181** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6182** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6183** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6184** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6185** careful use of indices.</dd>
6186**
6187** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6188** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6189** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6190** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6191**
6192** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6193** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6194** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6195** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6196** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6197** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6198** </dl>
6199*/
6200#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6201#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6202#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6203
6204/*
6205** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6206**
6207** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6208** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6209** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6210** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6211** to the object.
6212**
6213** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6214*/
6215typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6216
6217/*
6218** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6219**
6220** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6221** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6222** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6223** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6224**
6225** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6226*/
6227typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6228struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6229  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6230  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6231};
6232
6233/*
6234** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6235** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6236**
6237** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6238** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6239** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6240** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6241** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6242** By implementing a
6243** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6244** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6245** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6246** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6247** how long.
6248**
6249** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6250** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6251** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6252**
6253** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6254** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6255** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6256** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6257**
6258** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6259** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6260** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6261** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6262** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6263** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6264** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6265** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6266** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6267** page cache.)^
6268**
6269** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6270** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6271** It can be used to clean up
6272** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6273** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6274**
6275** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6276** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6277** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6278** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6279** in multithreaded applications.
6280**
6281** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6282** call to xShutdown().
6283**
6284** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6285** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6286** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6287** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6288** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6289** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6290** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6291** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6292** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6293** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6294** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6295** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6296** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6297** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6298** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6299** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6300** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6301** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6302** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6303** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6304** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6305** never contain any unpinned pages.
6306**
6307** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6308** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6309** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6310** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6311** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6312** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6313** value; it is advisory only.
6314**
6315** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6316** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6317** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6318**
6319** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6320** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6321** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6322** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6323** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6324** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6325** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6326** for each entry in the page cache.
6327**
6328** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6329** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6330** to be "pinned".
6331**
6332** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6333** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6334** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6335** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6336** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6337**
6338** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6339** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
6340** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6341** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6342**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6343** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6344**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6345** </table>
6346**
6347** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6348** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6349** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6350** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6351** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6352**
6353** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6354** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6355** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6356** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6357** ^If the discard parameter is
6358** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6359** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6360** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6361**
6362** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6363** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6364** to xFetch().
6365**
6366** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6367** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6368** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6369** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6370** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6371** to be pinned.
6372**
6373** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6374** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6375** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6376** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6377** they can be safely discarded.
6378**
6379** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6380** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6381** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6382** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6383** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6384** functions.
6385**
6386** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6387** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6388** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6389** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6390** do their best.
6391*/
6392typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6393struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6394  int iVersion;
6395  void *pArg;
6396  int (*xInit)(void*);
6397  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6398  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6399  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6400  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6401  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6402  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6403  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6404      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6405  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6406  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6407  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6408};
6409
6410/*
6411** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6412** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6413** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6414*/
6415typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6416struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6417  void *pArg;
6418  int (*xInit)(void*);
6419  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6420  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6421  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6422  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6423  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6424  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6425  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6426  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6427  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6428};
6429
6430
6431/*
6432** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6433**
6434** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6435** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6436** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6437** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6438**
6439** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6440*/
6441typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6442
6443/*
6444** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6445**
6446** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6447** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6448** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6449**
6450** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6451**
6452** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6453** for the duration of the backup operation.
6454** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6455** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6456** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6457** preventing other database connections from
6458** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6459**
6460** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6461**   <ol>
6462**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6463**         backup,
6464**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6465**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6466**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6467**         associated with the backup operation.
6468**   </ol>)^
6469** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6470** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6471**
6472** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6473**
6474** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6475** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6476** and the database name, respectively.
6477** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6478** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6479** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6480** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6481** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6482** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6483** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6484** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6485** an error.
6486**
6487** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6488** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6489** destination [database connection] D.
6490** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6491** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6492** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6493** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6494** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6495** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6496** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6497** operation.
6498**
6499** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6500**
6501** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6502** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6503** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6504** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6505** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6506** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6507** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6508** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6509** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6510** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6511** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6512** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6513**
6514** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6515** <ol>
6516** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6517** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6518** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6519** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6520** destination and source page sizes differ.
6521** </ol>)^
6522**
6523** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6524** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6525** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6526** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6527** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6528** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6529** [database connection]
6530** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6531** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6532** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6533** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6534** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6535** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6536** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6537** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6538** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6539**
6540** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6541** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6542** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6543** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6544** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6545** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6546** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6547** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6548** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6549** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6550** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6551** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6552** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6553** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6554** updated at the same time.
6555**
6556** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6557**
6558** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6559** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6560** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6561** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6562** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6563** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6564** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6565** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6566** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6567**
6568** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6569** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6570** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6571** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6572** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6573** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6574**
6575** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6576** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6577** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6578**
6579** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6580** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6581**
6582** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6583** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6584** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6585** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6586** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6587**
6588** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6589** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6590** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6591** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6592** changing.
6593**
6594** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6595**
6596** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6597** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6598** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6599** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6600** from within other threads.
6601**
6602** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6603** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6604** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6605** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6606** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6607** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6608** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6609** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6610**
6611** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6612** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6613** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6614** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6615** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6616** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6617**
6618** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6619** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6620** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6621** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6622** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6623** possible that they return invalid values.
6624*/
6625sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6626  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6627  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6628  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6629  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6630);
6631int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6632int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6633int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6634int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6635
6636/*
6637** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6638**
6639** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6640** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6641** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6642** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6643** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6644** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6645** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6646** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6647**
6648** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6649**
6650** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6651** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6652**
6653** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6654** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6655** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6656** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6657** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6658** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6659** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6660** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6661** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6662** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6663**
6664** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6665** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6666** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6667** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6668** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6669**
6670** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6671** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6672** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6673** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6674**
6675** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6676** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6677** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6678** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6679** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6680** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6681** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6682** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6683**
6684** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6685** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6686** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6687**
6688** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6689** returns SQLITE_OK.
6690**
6691** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6692**
6693** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6694** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6695** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6696** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6697** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6698** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6699**
6700** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6701** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6702** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6703** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6704** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6705** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6706** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6707** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6708**
6709** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6710**
6711** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6712** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6713** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6714** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6715** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6716** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6717** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6718**
6719** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6720** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6721** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6722** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6723** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6724** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6725** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6726** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6727** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6728** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6729** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6730** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6731**
6732** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6733**
6734** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6735** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6736** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6737** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6738** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6739** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6740** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6741** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6742** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6743**
6744** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6745** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6746** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6747** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6748** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6749*/
6750int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6751  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6752  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6753  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6754);
6755
6756
6757/*
6758** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6759**
6760** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
6761** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
6762** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
6763** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
6764*/
6765int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
6766int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
6767
6768/*
6769** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
6770**
6771** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
6772** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
6773** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
6774** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
6775**
6776** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
6777** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
6778** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
6779** is considered bad form.
6780**
6781** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
6782**
6783** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
6784** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
6785** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
6786** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
6787** buffer.
6788*/
6789void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
6790
6791/*
6792** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
6793**
6794** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
6795** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
6796** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
6797** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
6798**
6799** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
6800** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
6801** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
6802**
6803** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
6804** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
6805** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
6806** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
6807** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
6808** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
6809** including those that were just committed.
6810**
6811** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
6812** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
6813** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
6814** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6815** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6816** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6817** are undefined.
6818**
6819** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6820** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6821** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6822** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6823** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6824** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6825*/
6826void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6827  sqlite3*,
6828  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6829  void*
6830);
6831
6832/*
6833** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6834**
6835** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6836** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6837** to automatically [checkpoint]
6838** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6839** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6840** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6841** checkpoints entirely.
6842**
6843** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6844** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6845** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6846** configured by this function.
6847**
6848** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6849** from SQL.
6850**
6851** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6852** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
6853** pages.  The use of this interface
6854** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6855** for a particular application.
6856*/
6857int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6858
6859/*
6860** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6861**
6862** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6863** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6864** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6865** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6866** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6867**
6868** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6869** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6870** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6871** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6872**
6873** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6874*/
6875int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6876
6877/*
6878** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6879**
6880** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
6881** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
6882** eMode parameter:
6883**
6884** <dl>
6885** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
6886**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
6887**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
6888**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
6889**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
6890**
6891** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
6892**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
6893**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
6894**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
6895**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6896**   but not database readers.
6897**
6898** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
6899**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
6900**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
6901**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
6902**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
6903**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6904**   but not database readers.
6905** </dl>
6906**
6907** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
6908** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
6909** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
6910** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
6911** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
6912** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
6913** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
6914**
6915** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
6916** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
6917** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
6918** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
6919**
6920** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
6921** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
6922** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
6923** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
6924** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
6925** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
6926** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
6927** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
6928** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
6929** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
6930**
6931** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
6932** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
6933** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
6934** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
6935** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
6936** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
6937** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
6938** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
6939** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
6940** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
6941**
6942** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
6943** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
6944** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
6945** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
6946*/
6947int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
6948  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
6949  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
6950  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
6951  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
6952  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
6953);
6954
6955/*
6956** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
6957**
6958** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
6959** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6960** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
6961** each of these values.
6962*/
6963#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
6964#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
6965#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
6966
6967/*
6968** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
6969**
6970** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
6971** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
6972** various facets of the virtual table interface.
6973**
6974** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
6975** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
6976**
6977** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
6978** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
6979** may be added in the future.
6980*/
6981int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
6982
6983/*
6984** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
6985**
6986** These macros define the various options to the
6987** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
6988** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
6989**
6990** <dl>
6991** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
6992** <dd>Calls of the form
6993** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
6994** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
6995** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
6996** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
6997** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
6998** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
6999** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7000** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7001**
7002** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7003** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7004** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7005** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7006** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7007** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7008** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7009** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7010** had been ABORT.
7011**
7012** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7013** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7014** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7015** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7016** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7017** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7018** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7019** constraint handling.
7020** </dl>
7021*/
7022#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7023
7024/*
7025** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7026**
7027** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7028** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7029** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7030** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7031** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7032** [virtual table].
7033*/
7034int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7035
7036/*
7037** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7038**
7039** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7040** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7041** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7042**
7043** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7044** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7045** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7046*/
7047#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7048/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7049#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7050/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7051#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7052
7053
7054
7055/*
7056** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7057** builds on processors without floating point support.
7058*/
7059#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7060# undef double
7061#endif
7062
7063#ifdef __cplusplus
7064}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7065#endif
7066#endif
7067