xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 8737d46e)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#else
193# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
194# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
195#endif
196
197/*
198** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
199**
200** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
201** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
202** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
203**
204** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
205** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
206** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
207** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
208** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
209** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
210**
211** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
212** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
213** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
214** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
215**
216** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
217** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
218** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
219**
220** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
221** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
222** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
223** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
224** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
225** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
226** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
227** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
228** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
229** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
230**
231** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
232*/
233int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
234
235/*
236** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
237** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
238**
239** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
240** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
241** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
242** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
243** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
244** interfaces (such as
245** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
246** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
247** sqlite3 object.
248*/
249typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
250
251/*
252** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
253** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
254**
255** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
256** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
257**
258** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
259** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
260** compatibility only.
261**
262** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
263** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
264** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
265** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
266*/
267#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
268  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
269# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
270    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
271# else
272    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
273# endif
274#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
275  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
277#else
278  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
279  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
280#endif
281typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
282typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
283
284/*
285** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
286** substitute integer for floating-point.
287*/
288#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
289# define double sqlite3_int64
290#endif
291
292/*
293** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
294** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
295**
296** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
297** for the [sqlite3] object.
298** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
299** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
300** resources are deallocated.
301**
302** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
303** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
304** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
305** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
306** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
307** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
308** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
309** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
310** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
311** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
312** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
313** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
314** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
315** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
316** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
317** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
318**
319** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
320** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
321**
322** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
323** must be either a NULL
324** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
325** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
326** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
327** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
328** argument is a harmless no-op.
329*/
330int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
331int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
332
333/*
334** The type for a callback function.
335** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
336** compatibility and is not documented.
337*/
338typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
339
340/*
341** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
342** METHOD: sqlite3
343**
344** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
345** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
346** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
347** without having to use a lot of C code.
348**
349** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
350** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
351** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
352** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
353** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
354** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
355** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
356** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
357** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
358** ignored.
359**
360** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
361** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
362** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
363** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
364** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
365** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
366** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
367** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
368** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
369** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
370** NULL before returning.
371**
372** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
373** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
374** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
375**
376** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
377** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
378** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
379** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
380** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
381** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
383** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
384** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
385**
386** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
387** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
388** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
389** is not changed.
390**
391** Restrictions:
392**
393** <ul>
394** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
395**      is a valid and open [database connection].
396** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
397**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
398** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
399**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
400** </ul>
401*/
402int sqlite3_exec(
403  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
404  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
405  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
406  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
407  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
408);
409
410/*
411** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
412** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
413**
414** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
415** here in order to indicate success or failure.
416**
417** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
418**
419** See also: [extended result code definitions]
420*/
421#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
422/* beginning-of-error-codes */
423#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
424#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
425#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
426#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
427#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
428#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
429#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
430#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
431#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
432#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
433#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
434#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
435#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
436#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
437#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
438#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
439#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
440#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
441#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
442#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
443#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
444#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
445#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
446#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
447#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
448#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
449#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
450#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
452#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
453/* end-of-error-codes */
454
455/*
456** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
457** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
458**
459** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
460** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
461** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
462** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
463** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
464** and later) include
465** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
466** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
467** on a per database connection basis using the
468** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
469** the most recent error can be obtained using
470** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
471*/
472#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
508#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
509#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
510#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
518#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
519#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
520#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
521#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
524#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
525#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
526#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
527#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
528#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
534#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
535#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
539#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
540#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
541#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
542#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
544#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
545#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
546
547/*
548** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
549**
550** These bit values are intended for use in the
551** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
552** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
553*/
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
567#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
568#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
569#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
570#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
571#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
572#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
573#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
574#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
575
576/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
577/* Legacy compatibility: */
578#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
579
580
581/*
582** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
583**
584** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
585** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
586** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
587** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
588** refers to.
589**
590** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
591** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
592** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
593** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
594** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
595** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
596** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
597** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
598** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
599** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
600** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
601** file that were written at the application level might have changed
602** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
603** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
604** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
605** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
606** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
607** elevated privileges.
608**
609** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
610** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
611** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
612** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
613*/
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
618#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
619#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
620#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
621#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
622#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
623#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
624#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
625#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
626#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
627#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
628#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
629
630/*
631** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
632**
633** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
634** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
635** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
636*/
637#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
638#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
639#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
640#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
641#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
642
643/*
644** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
645**
646** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
647** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
648** these integer values as the second argument.
649**
650** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
651** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
652** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
653** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
654** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
655** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
656**
657** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
658** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
659** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
660** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
661** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
662** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
663** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
664** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
665** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
666** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
667** cares about the difference.)
668*/
669#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
670#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
671#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
672
673/*
674** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
675**
676** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
677** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
678** implementations will
679** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
680** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
681** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
682** I/O operations on the open file.
683*/
684typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
685struct sqlite3_file {
686  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
687};
688
689/*
690** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
691**
692** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
693** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
694** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
695** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
696** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
697**
698** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
699** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
700** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
701** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
702** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
703** to NULL.
704**
705** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
706** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
707** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
708** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
709** and not its inode needs to be synced.
710**
711** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
712** <ul>
713** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
714** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
715** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
716** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
717** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
718** </ul>
719** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
720** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
721** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
722** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
723** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
724**
725** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
726** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
727** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
728** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
729** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
730** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
731** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
732** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
733** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
734** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
735** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
736** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
737** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
738** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
739** recognize.
740**
741** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
742** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
743** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
744** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
745** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
746** underlying device:
747**
748** <ul>
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
753** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
754** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
755** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
756** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
757** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
758** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
759** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
760** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
761** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
762** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
763** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
764** </ul>
765**
766** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
767** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
768** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
769** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
770** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
771** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
772** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
773** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
774** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
775** to xWrite().
776**
777** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
778** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
779** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
780** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
781** database corruption.
782*/
783typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
784struct sqlite3_io_methods {
785  int iVersion;
786  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
787  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
788  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
789  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
790  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
791  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
792  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
793  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
794  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
795  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
796  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
797  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
798  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
799  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
800  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
801  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
802  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
803  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
804  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
805  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
806  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
807  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
808};
809
810/*
811** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
812** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
813**
814** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
815** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
816** interface.
817**
818** <ul>
819** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
820** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
821** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
822** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
823** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
824** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
825** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
826** compile-time option is used.
827**
828** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
829** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
830** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
831** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
832** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
833** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
834** file run faster.
835**
836** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
837** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
838** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
839** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
840** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
841** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
842** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
843** pointed to is set to the new limit.
844**
845** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
846** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
847** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
848** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
849** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
850** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
851** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
852** improve performance on some systems.
853**
854** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
855** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
856** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
857** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
858**
859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
860** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
861** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
862** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
863** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
866** No longer in use.
867**
868** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
869** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
870** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
871** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
872** because the user has configured SQLite with
873** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
874** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
875** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
876** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
877** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
878** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
879** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
880** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
881**
882** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
883** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
884** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
885** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
886** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
887** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
888** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
889**
890** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
891** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
892** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
893** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
894** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
895** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
896** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
897** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
898** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
899** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
900** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
901** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
902** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
903** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
904** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
905** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
906**
907** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
908** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
909** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
910** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
911** files used for transaction control
912** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
913** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
914** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
915** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
916** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
917** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
918** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
919** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
920** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
921** WAL persistence setting.
922**
923** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
924** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
925** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
926** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
927** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
928** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
929** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
930** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
931** zero-damage mode setting.
932**
933** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
934** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
935** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
936** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
937** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
938**
939** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
940** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
941** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
942** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
943** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
944** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
945** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
946** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
947** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
948** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
949** is intended for diagnostic use only.
950**
951** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
952** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
953** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
954** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
955** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
956** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
957** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
958** upper-most shim only.
959**
960** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
961** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
962** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
963** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
964** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
965** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
966** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
967** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
968** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
969** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
970** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
971** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
972** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
973** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
974** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
975** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
976** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
977** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
978** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
979** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
980** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
981** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
982** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
983** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
984**
985** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
986** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
987** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
988** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
989** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
990** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
991** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
992** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
993** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
994** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
995** current operation.
996**
997** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
998** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
999** to have SQLite generate a
1000** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1001** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1002** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1003** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1004** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1005**
1006** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1007** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1008** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1009** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1010** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1011** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1012** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1013** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1014** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1015**
1016** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1017** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1018** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1019** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1020** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1021** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1022** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1023**
1024** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1025** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1026** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1027** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1028** was first opened.
1029**
1030** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1031** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1032** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1033** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1034** writes the resulting value there.
1035**
1036** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1037** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1038** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1039** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1040** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1041**
1042** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1043** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1044** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1045** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1046** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1047** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1048**
1049** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1050** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1051** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1052**
1053** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1054** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1055** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1056** this opcode.
1057**
1058** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1059** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1060** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1061** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1062** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1063** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1064** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1065** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1066** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1067** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1068** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1069** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1070**
1071** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1072** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1073** operations since the previous successful call to
1074** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1075** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1076** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1077** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1078** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1079** write operations are independent.
1080** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1081** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1082**
1083** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1084** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1085** operations since the previous successful call to
1086** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1087** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1088** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1089** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1090** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1091**
1092** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1093** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1094** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1095** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1096** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1097** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1098** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1099**
1100** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1101** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1102** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1103** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1104** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1105** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1106** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1107** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1108** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1109** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1110** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1111** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1112** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1113** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1114** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1115** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1116** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1117** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1118** a particular attached database.
1119**
1120** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1121** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1122** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1123** file to the database file.
1124**
1125** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1126** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1127** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1128** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1129** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1130** </ul>
1131*/
1132#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1133#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1134#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1135#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1136#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1137#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1138#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1139#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1140#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1141#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1142#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1143#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1144#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1145#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1146#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1147#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1148#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1149#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1150#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1151#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1152#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1153#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1154#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1155#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1156#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1157#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1158#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1159#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1160#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1161#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1162#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1163#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1164#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1165#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1166#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1167#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1168#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1169#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1170
1171/* deprecated names */
1172#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1173#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1174#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1175
1176
1177/*
1178** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1179**
1180** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1181** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1182** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1183** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1184**
1185** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1186*/
1187typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1188
1189/*
1190** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1191**
1192** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1193** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1194** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1195** on some platforms.
1196*/
1197typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1198
1199/*
1200** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1201**
1202** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1203** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1204** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1205** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1206**
1207** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1208** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1209** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1210** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1211** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1212** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1213** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1214** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1215** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1216** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1217** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1218** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1219**
1220** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1221** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1222** a pathname in this VFS.
1223**
1224** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1225** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1226** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1227** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1228** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1229** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1230**
1231** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1232** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1233** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1234** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1235** object once the object has been registered.
1236**
1237** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1238** be unique across all VFS modules.
1239**
1240** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1241** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1242** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1243** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1244** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1245** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1246** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1247** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1248** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1249** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1250** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1251** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1252** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1253** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1254** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1255** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1256**
1257** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1258** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1259** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1260** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1261** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1262** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1263**
1264** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1265** call, depending on the object being opened:
1266**
1267** <ul>
1268** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1269** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1270** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1271** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1272** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1273** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1274** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1275** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1276** </ul>)^
1277**
1278** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1279** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1280** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1281** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1282** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1283** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1284** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1285** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1286**
1287** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1288**
1289** <ul>
1290** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1291** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1292** </ul>
1293**
1294** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1295** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1296** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1297** databases, and subjournals.
1298**
1299** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1300** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1301** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1302** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1303** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1304** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1305** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1306** for exclusive access.
1307**
1308** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1309** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1310** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1311** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1312** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1313** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1314** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1315** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1316** or failure of the xOpen call.
1317**
1318** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1319** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1320** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1321** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1322** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1323** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1324** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1325** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1326** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1327** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1328** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1329** whether or not the file is accessible.
1330**
1331** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1332** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1333** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1334** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1335** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1336** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1337**
1338** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1339** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1340** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1341** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1342** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1343** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1344** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1345** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1346** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1347** a floating point value.
1348** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1349** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1350** a 24-hour day).
1351** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1352** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1353** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1354** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1355**
1356** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1357** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1358** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1359** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1360** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1361** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1362** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1363** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1364** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1365** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1366** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1367*/
1368typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1369typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1370struct sqlite3_vfs {
1371  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1372  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1373  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1374  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1375  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1376  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1377  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1378               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1379  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1380  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1381  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1382  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1383  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1384  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1385  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1386  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1387  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1388  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1389  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1390  /*
1391  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1392  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1393  */
1394  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1395  /*
1396  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1397  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1398  */
1399  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1400  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1401  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1402  /*
1403  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1404  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1405  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1406  */
1407};
1408
1409/*
1410** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1411**
1412** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1413** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1414** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1415** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1416** simply checks whether the file exists.
1417** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1418** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1419** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1420** the directory).
1421** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1422** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1423** release of SQLite.
1424** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1425** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1426** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1427** SQLite.
1428*/
1429#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1430#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1431#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1432
1433/*
1434** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1435**
1436** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1437** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1438** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1439** xShmLock method:
1440**
1441** <ul>
1442** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1443** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1444** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1445** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1446** </ul>
1447**
1448** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1449** was given on the corresponding lock.
1450**
1451** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1452** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1453** and EXCLUSIVE.
1454*/
1455#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1456#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1457#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1458#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1459
1460/*
1461** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1462**
1463** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1464** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1465** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1466** lock outside of this range
1467*/
1468#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1469
1470
1471/*
1472** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1473**
1474** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1475** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1476** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1477** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1478** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1479** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1480**
1481** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1482** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1483** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1484** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1485** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1486** are harmless no-ops.)^
1487**
1488** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1489** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1490** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1491** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1492**
1493** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1494** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1495** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1496** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1497** sqlite3_shutdown().
1498**
1499** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1500** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1501** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1502**
1503** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1504** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1505** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1506** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1507**
1508** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1509** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1510** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1511** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1512** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1513** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1514** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1515** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1516** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1517** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1518** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1519** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1520** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1521** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1522**
1523** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1524** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1525** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1526** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1527** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1528** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1529** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1530**
1531** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1532** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1533** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1534** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1535** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1536** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1537** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1538** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1539** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1540** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1541** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1542** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1543** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1544** failure.
1545*/
1546int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1547int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1548int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1549int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1550
1551/*
1552** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1553**
1554** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1555** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1556** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1557** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1558** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1559**
1560** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1561** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1562** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1563**
1564** The sqlite3_config() interface
1565** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1566** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1567** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1568** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1569** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1570** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1571**
1572** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1573** [configuration option] that determines
1574** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1575** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1576** in the first argument.
1577**
1578** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1579** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1580** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1581*/
1582int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1583
1584/*
1585** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1586** METHOD: sqlite3
1587**
1588** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1589** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1590** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1591** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1592**
1593** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1594** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1595** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1596** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1597**
1598** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1599** the call is considered successful.
1600*/
1601int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1602
1603/*
1604** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1605**
1606** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1607** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1608**
1609** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1610** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1611** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1612** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1613** By creating an instance of this object
1614** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1615** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1616** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1617** dynamic memory needs.
1618**
1619** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1620** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1621** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1622** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1623** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1624** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1625** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1626** conditions.
1627**
1628** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1629** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1630** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1631** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1632**
1633** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1634** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1635** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1636**
1637** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1638** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1639** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1640** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1641** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1642** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1643** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1644**
1645** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1646** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1647** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1648** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1649** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1650** xInit and xShutdown.
1651**
1652** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1653** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1654** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1655** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1656** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1657** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1658** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1659** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1660** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1661** serialization.
1662**
1663** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1664** call to xShutdown().
1665*/
1666typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1667struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1668  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1669  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1670  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1671  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1672  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1673  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1674  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1675  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1676};
1677
1678/*
1679** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1680** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1681**
1682** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1683** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1684**
1685** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1686** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1687** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1688** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1689** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1690** is invoked.
1691**
1692** <dl>
1693** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1694** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1695** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1696** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1697** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1698** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1699** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1700** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1701** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1702** configuration option.</dd>
1703**
1704** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1705** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1706** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1707** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1708** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1709** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1710** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1711** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1712** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1713** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1714** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1715** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1716** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1717**
1718** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1719** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1720** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1721** all mutexes including the recursive
1722** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1723** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1724** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1725** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1726** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1727** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1728** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1729** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1730** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1731** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1732** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1733**
1734** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1735** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1736** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1737** The argument specifies
1738** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1739** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1740** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1741** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1742**
1743** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1744** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1745** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1746** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1747** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1748** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1749** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1750** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1751**
1752** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1753** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1754** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1755** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1756** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1757** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1758** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1759** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1760** </dd>
1761**
1762** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1763** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1764** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1765** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1766** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1767**   <ul>
1768**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1769**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1770**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1771**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1772**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1773**   </ul>)^
1774** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1775** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1776** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1777** </dd>
1778**
1779** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1780** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1781** </dd>
1782**
1783** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1784** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1785** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1786** cache implementation.
1787** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1788** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1789** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1790** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1791** and the number of cache lines (N).
1792** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1793** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1794** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1795** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1796** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1797** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1798** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1799** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1800** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1801** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1802** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1803** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1804** is exhausted.
1805** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1806** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1807** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1808** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1809** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1810** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1811** additional cache line. </dd>
1812**
1813** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1814** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1815** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1816** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1817** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1818** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1819** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1820** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1821** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1822** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1823** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1824** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1825** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1826** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1827** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1828** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1829** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1830** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1831** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1832**
1833** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1834** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1835** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1836** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1837** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1838** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1839** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1840** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1841** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1842** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1843** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1844**
1845** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1846** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1847** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1848** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1849** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1850** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1851** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1852** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1853** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1854** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1855** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1856** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1857**
1858** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1859** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1860** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1861** The first argument is the
1862** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1863** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1864** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1865** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1866** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1867**
1868** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1869** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1870** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1871** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1872** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1873**
1874** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1875** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1876** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1877** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1878**
1879** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1880** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1881** global [error log].
1882** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1883** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1884** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1885** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1886** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1887** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1888** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1889** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1890** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1891** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1892** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1893** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1894** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1895** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1896** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1897** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1898**
1899** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1900** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1901** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1902** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1903** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1904** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1905** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1906** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1907** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1908** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1909** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1910** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1911** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1912**
1913** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1914** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1915** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1916** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1917** ^The default setting is determined
1918** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1919** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1920** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1921** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1922** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1923** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1924** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1925**
1926** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1927** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1928** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1929** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1930** </dd>
1931**
1932** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1933** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1934** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1935** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1936** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1937** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1938** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1939** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1940** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1941** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1942** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1943** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1944** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1945** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1946** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1947** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1948**
1949** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1950** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1951** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1952** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1953** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1954** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1955** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1956** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1957** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1958** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1959** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1960** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1961** changed to its compile-time default.
1962**
1963** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1964** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1965** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1966** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1967** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1968** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1969**
1970** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1971** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1972** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1973** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1974** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1975** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1976** target platform, and SQLite version.
1977**
1978** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1979** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1980** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1981** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1982** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1983** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1984** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1985** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1986** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1987** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1988**
1989** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1990** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1991** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1992** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1993** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1994** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1995** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1996** exclusively in memory.
1997** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1998** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1999** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2000** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2001** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2002**
2003** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2004** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2005** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2006** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2007** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2008** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2009** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2010** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2011** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2012** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2013** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2014** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2015** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
2016** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2017** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2018**
2019** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2020** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2021** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2022** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2023** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2024** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2025** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2026** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2027** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2028** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2029** </dl>
2030*/
2031#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2032#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2033#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2034#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2035#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2036#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2037#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2038#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2039#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2040#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2041#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2042/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2043#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2044#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2045#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2046#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2047#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2048#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2049#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2050#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2051#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2052#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2053#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2054#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2055#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2056#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2057#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2058#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2059#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2060
2061/*
2062** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2063**
2064** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2065** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2066**
2067** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2068** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2069** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2070** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2071** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2072** is invoked.
2073**
2074** <dl>
2075** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2076** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2077** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2078** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2079** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2080** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2081** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2082** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2083** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2084** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2085** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2086** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2087** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2088** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2089** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2090** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2091** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2092** when the "current value" returned by
2093** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2094** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2095** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2096** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2097**
2098** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2099** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2100** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2101** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2102** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2103** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2104** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2105** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2106** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2107** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2108**
2109** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2110** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2111** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2112** There should be two additional arguments.
2113** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2114** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2115** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2116** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2117** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2118** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2119**
2120** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2121** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2122** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2123** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2124** databases.)^ </dd>
2125**
2126** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2127** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2128** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2129** There should be two additional arguments.
2130** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2131** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2132** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2133** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2134** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2135** which case the view setting is not reported back. </dd>
2136**
2137** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2138** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2139** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2140** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2141** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2142** There should be two additional arguments.
2143** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2144** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2145** unchanged.
2146** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2147** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2148** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2149** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2150**
2151** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2152** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2153** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2154** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2155** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2156** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2157** There should be two additional arguments.
2158** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2159** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2160** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2161** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2162** C-API or the SQL function.
2163** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2164** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2165** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2166** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2167** </dd>
2168**
2169** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2170** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2171** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2172** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2173** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2174** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2175** until after the database connection closes.
2176** </dd>
2177**
2178** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2179** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2180** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2181** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2182** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2183** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2184** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2185** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2186** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2187** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2188** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2189** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2190** </dd>
2191**
2192** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2193** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2194** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2195** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2196** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2197** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2198** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2199** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2200** was used during testing in the lab.
2201** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2202** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2203** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2204** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2205** following this call.
2206** </dd>
2207**
2208** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2209** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2210** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2211** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2212** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2213** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2214** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2215** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2216** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2217** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2218** </dd>
2219**
2220** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2221** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2222** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2223** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2224** a badly corrupted database file:
2225** <ol>
2226** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2227**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2228**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2229**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2230**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2231**      the reset.
2232** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2233** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2234** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2235** </ol>
2236** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2237** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2238** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2239**
2240** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2241** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2242** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2243** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2244** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2245** features include but are not limited to the following:
2246** <ul>
2247** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2248** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2249** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2250** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2251** </ul>
2252** </dd>
2253**
2254** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2255** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2256** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2257** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2258** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2259** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2260** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2261** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2262** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2263** </dd>
2264**
2265** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2266** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2267** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2268** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2269** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2270** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2271** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2272** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2273** </dd>
2274**
2275** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2276** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2277** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2278** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2279** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2280** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2281** compile-time option.
2282** </dd>
2283**
2284** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2285** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2286** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2287** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2288** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2289** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2290** compile-time option.
2291** </dd>
2292**
2293** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2294** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
2295** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2296** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2297** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2298** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2299** including:
2300** <ul>
2301** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2302** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2303** partial indexes, or generated columns
2304** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2305** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2306** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2307** </ul>
2308** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2309** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2310** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2311** </dd>
2312**
2313** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2314** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2315** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2316** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2317** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2318** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2319** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2320** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2321** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2322** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2323** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2324** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2325** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2326** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2327** 3.0.0.
2328** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2329** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2330** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2331** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2332** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2333** </dd>
2334** </dl>
2335*/
2336#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2337#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2338#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2339#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2340#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2341#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2342#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2343#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2344#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2345#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2346#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2347#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2348#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2349#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2350#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2351#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2352#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2353#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2354#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2355
2356/*
2357** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2358** METHOD: sqlite3
2359**
2360** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2361** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2362** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2363*/
2364int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2365
2366/*
2367** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2368** METHOD: sqlite3
2369**
2370** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2371** has a unique 64-bit signed
2372** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2373** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2374** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2375** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2376** is another alias for the rowid.
2377**
2378** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2379** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2380** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2381** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2382** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2383** zero.
2384**
2385** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2386** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2387** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2388**
2389** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2390** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2391** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2392** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2393** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2394** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2395** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2396** control to the user.
2397**
2398** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2399** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2400** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2401** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2402**
2403** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2404** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2405** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2406** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2407** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2408** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2409** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2410** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2411** the return value of this interface.)^
2412**
2413** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2414** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2415**
2416** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2417** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2418**
2419** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2420** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2421** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2422** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2423** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2424** last insert [rowid].
2425*/
2426sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2427
2428/*
2429** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2430** METHOD: sqlite3
2431**
2432** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2433** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2434** without inserting a row into the database.
2435*/
2436void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2437
2438/*
2439** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2440** METHOD: sqlite3
2441**
2442** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2443** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2444** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2445** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2446** returned by this function.
2447**
2448** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2449** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2450** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2451**
2452** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2453** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2454** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2455** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2456** tables are counted.
2457**
2458** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2459** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2460** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2461** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2462**
2463** <ul>
2464**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2465**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2466**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2467**
2468**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2469**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2470**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2471**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2472**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2473** </ul>
2474**
2475** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2476** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2477** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2478** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2479** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2480** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2481**
2482** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2483** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2484** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2485**
2486** See also:
2487** <ul>
2488** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2489** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2490** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2491** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2492** </ul>
2493*/
2494int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2495
2496/*
2497** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2498** METHOD: sqlite3
2499**
2500** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2501** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2502** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2503** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2504** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2505**
2506** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2507** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2508** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2509** are not counted.
2510**
2511** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2512** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2513** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2514** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2515** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2516** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2517**
2518** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2519** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2520** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2521**
2522** See also:
2523** <ul>
2524** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2525** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2526** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2527** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2528** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2529** </ul>
2530*/
2531int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2532
2533/*
2534** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2535** METHOD: sqlite3
2536**
2537** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2538** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2539** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2540** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2541** immediately.
2542**
2543** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2544** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2545** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2546** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2547**
2548** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2549** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2550** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2551**
2552** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2553** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2554** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2555** will be rolled back automatically.
2556**
2557** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2558** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2559** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2560** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2561** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2562** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2563** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2564** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2565** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2566** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2567*/
2568void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2569
2570/*
2571** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2572**
2573** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2574** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2575** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2576** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2577** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2578** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2579** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2580** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2581** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2582** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2583** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2584**
2585** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2586** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2587**
2588** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2589** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2590**
2591** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2592** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2593** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2594** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2595** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2596**
2597** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2598** UTF-8 string.
2599**
2600** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2601** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2602*/
2603int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2604int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2605
2606/*
2607** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2608** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2609** METHOD: sqlite3
2610**
2611** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2612** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2613** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2614** [database connection] D when another thread
2615** or process has the table locked.
2616** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2617** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2618**
2619** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2620** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2621** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2622**
2623** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2624** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2625** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2626** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2627** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2628** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2629** to the application.
2630** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2631** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2632**
2633** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2634** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2635** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2636** to the application instead of invoking the
2637** busy handler.
2638** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2639** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2640** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2641** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2642** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2643** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2644** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2645** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2646** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2647** the second process to proceed.
2648**
2649** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2650**
2651** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2652** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2653** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2654** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2655** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2656**
2657** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2658** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2659** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2660** result in undefined behavior.
2661**
2662** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2663** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2664*/
2665int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2666
2667/*
2668** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2669** METHOD: sqlite3
2670**
2671** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2672** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2673** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2674** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2675** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2676** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2677**
2678** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2679** turns off all busy handlers.
2680**
2681** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2682** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2683** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2684** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2685**
2686** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2687*/
2688int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2689
2690/*
2691** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2692** METHOD: sqlite3
2693**
2694** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2695** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2696**
2697** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2698** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2699** complete query results from one or more queries.
2700**
2701** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2702** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2703** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2704** and M be the number of columns.
2705**
2706** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2707** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2708** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2709** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2710** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2711** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2712**
2713** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2714** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2715** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2716**
2717** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2718** is as follows:
2719**
2720** <blockquote><pre>
2721**        Name        | Age
2722**        -----------------------
2723**        Alice       | 43
2724**        Bob         | 28
2725**        Cindy       | 21
2726** </pre></blockquote>
2727**
2728** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2729** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2730** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2731**
2732** <blockquote><pre>
2733**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2734**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2735**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2736**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2737**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2738**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2739**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2740**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2741** </pre></blockquote>)^
2742**
2743** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2744** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2745** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2746** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2747**
2748** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2749** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2750** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2751** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2752** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2753** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2754**
2755** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2756** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2757** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2758** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2759** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2760** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2761** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2762*/
2763int sqlite3_get_table(
2764  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2765  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2766  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2767  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2768  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2769  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2770);
2771void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2772
2773/*
2774** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2775**
2776** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2777** from the standard C library.
2778** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2779** the standard library printf()
2780** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2781** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2782**
2783** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2784** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2785** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2786** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2787** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2788** memory to hold the resulting string.
2789**
2790** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2791** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2792** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2793** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2794** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2795** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2796** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2797** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2798** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2799** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2800** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2801** now without breaking compatibility.
2802**
2803** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2804** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2805** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2806** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2807** written will be n-1 characters.
2808**
2809** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2810**
2811** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2812*/
2813char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2814char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2815char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2816char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2817
2818/*
2819** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2820**
2821** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2822** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2823** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
2824** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2825**
2826** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2827** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2828** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2829** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2830** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2831** a NULL pointer.
2832**
2833** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2834** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2835** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2836**
2837** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2838** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2839** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2840** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2841** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2842** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2843** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2844** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2845** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2846** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2847**
2848** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2849** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2850** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2851** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2852** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2853** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2854** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2855** sqlite3_free(X).
2856** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2857** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2858** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2859** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2860** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2861** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2862** prior allocation is not freed.
2863**
2864** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2865** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2866** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2867**
2868** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2869** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2870** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2871** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2872** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2873** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2874** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2875** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2876** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2877**
2878** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2879** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2880** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2881** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2882** option is used.
2883**
2884** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2885** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2886** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2887** not yet been released.
2888**
2889** The application must not read or write any part of
2890** a block of memory after it has been released using
2891** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2892*/
2893void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2894void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2895void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2896void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2897void sqlite3_free(void*);
2898sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2899
2900/*
2901** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2902**
2903** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2904** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2905** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2906**
2907** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2908** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2909** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2910** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2911** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2912** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2913** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2914** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2915** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2916**
2917** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2918** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2919** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2920** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2921** prior to the reset.
2922*/
2923sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2924sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2925
2926/*
2927** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2928**
2929** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2930** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2931** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2932** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2933** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2934**
2935** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2936** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2937**
2938** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2939** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2940** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2941** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2942** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2943** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2944** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2945** method.
2946*/
2947void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2948
2949/*
2950** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2951** METHOD: sqlite3
2952** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2953**
2954** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2955** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2956** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2957** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2958** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2959** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2960** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2961** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2962** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2963** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2964** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2965** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2966** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2967** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2968** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2969** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2970**
2971** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2972** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2973** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2974** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2975** access is denied.
2976**
2977** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2978** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2979** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2980** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2981** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2982** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2983** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2984** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2985**
2986** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2987** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2988** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2989** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2990** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2991** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2992** columns of a table.
2993** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2994** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2995** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2996** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2997** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2998** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2999** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3000**
3001** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3002** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3003** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3004** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3005** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3006** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3007** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3008** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3009** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3010** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3011**
3012** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3013** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3014** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3015** in addition to using an authorizer.
3016**
3017** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3018** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3019** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3020** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3021**
3022** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3023** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3024** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3025** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3026**
3027** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3028** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3029** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3030** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3031**
3032** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3033** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3034** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3035** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3036** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3037*/
3038int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3039  sqlite3*,
3040  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3041  void *pUserData
3042);
3043
3044/*
3045** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3046**
3047** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3048** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3049** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3050** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3051** information.
3052**
3053** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3054** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3055*/
3056#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3057#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3058
3059/*
3060** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3061**
3062** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3063** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3064** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3065** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3066** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3067**
3068** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3069** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3070** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3071** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3072** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3073** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3074** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3075** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3076** top-level SQL code.
3077*/
3078/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3079#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3080#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3081#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3082#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3083#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3084#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3085#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3086#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3087#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3088#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3089#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3090#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3091#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3092#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3093#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3094#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3095#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3096#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3097#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3098#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3099#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3100#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3101#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3102#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3103#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3104#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3105#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3106#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3107#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3108#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3109#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3110#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3111#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3112#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3113
3114/*
3115** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3116** METHOD: sqlite3
3117**
3118** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3119** instead of the routines described here.
3120**
3121** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3122** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3123**
3124** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3125** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3126** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3127** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3128** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3129** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3130** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3131**
3132** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3133** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3134**
3135** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3136** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3137** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3138** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3139** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3140** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3141** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3142** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3143** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3144** profile callback.
3145*/
3146SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3147   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3148SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3149   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3150
3151/*
3152** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3153** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3154**
3155** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3156** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3157** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3158** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3159** is one of the following constants.
3160**
3161** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3162**
3163** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3164** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3165** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3166** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3167** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3168**
3169** <dl>
3170** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3171** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3172** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3173** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3174** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3175** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3176** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3177** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3178** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3179** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3180** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3181**
3182** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3183** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3184** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3185** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3186** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3187** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3188** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3189**
3190** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3191** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3192** statement generates a single row of result.
3193** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3194** X argument is unused.
3195**
3196** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3197** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3198** connection closes.
3199** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3200** and the X argument is unused.
3201** </dl>
3202*/
3203#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3204#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3205#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3206#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3207
3208/*
3209** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3210** METHOD: sqlite3
3211**
3212** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3213** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3214** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3215** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3216** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3217** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3218**
3219** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3220** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3221**
3222** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3223** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3224** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3225** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3226**
3227** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3228** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3229** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3230** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3231** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3232**
3233** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3234** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3235** are deprecated.
3236*/
3237int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3238  sqlite3*,
3239  unsigned uMask,
3240  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3241  void *pCtx
3242);
3243
3244/*
3245** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3246** METHOD: sqlite3
3247**
3248** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3249** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3250** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3251** database connection D.  An example use for this
3252** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3253**
3254** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3255** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3256** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3257** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3258** handler is disabled.
3259**
3260** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3261** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3262** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3263** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3264** than 1.
3265**
3266** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3267** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3268** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3269**
3270** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3271** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3272** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3273** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3274**
3275*/
3276void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3277
3278/*
3279** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3280** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3281**
3282** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3283** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3284** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3285** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3286** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3287** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3288** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3289** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3290** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3291** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3292** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3293** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3294**
3295** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3296** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3297** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3298**
3299** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3300** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3301** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3302**
3303** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3304** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3305** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3306** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3307** three flag combinations:)^
3308**
3309** <dl>
3310** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3311** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3312** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3313**
3314** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3315** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3316** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3317** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3318**
3319** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3320** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3321** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3322** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3323** </dl>
3324**
3325** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3326** also supported:
3327**
3328** <dl>
3329** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3330** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3331**
3332** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3333** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3334** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3335** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3336** </dd>)^
3337**
3338** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3339** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3340** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3341** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3342** a different [database connection].
3343**
3344** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3345** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3346** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3347** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3348** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3349** there is no harm in trying.)
3350**
3351** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3352** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3353** the default shared cache setting provided by
3354** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3355**
3356** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3357** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3358** the default shared cache setting provided by
3359** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3360**
3361** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3362** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link</dd>
3363** </dl>)^
3364**
3365** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3366** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3367** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3368** then the behavior is undefined.
3369**
3370** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3371** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3372** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3373** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3374**
3375** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3376** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3377** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3378** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3379** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3380** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3381** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3382**
3383** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3384** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3385** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3386**
3387** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3388**
3389** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3390** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3391** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3392** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3393** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3394** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3395** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3396** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3397** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3398** information.
3399**
3400** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3401** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3402** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3403** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3404** present, is ignored.
3405**
3406** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3407** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3408** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3409** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3410** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3411** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3412** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3413**
3414** [[core URI query parameters]]
3415** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3416** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3417** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3418** following query parameters:
3419**
3420** <ul>
3421**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3422**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3423**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3424**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3425**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3426**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3427**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3428**
3429**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3430**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3431**     an error)^.
3432**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3433**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3434**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3435**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3436**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3437**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3438**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3439**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3440**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3441**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3442**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3443**
3444**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3445**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3446**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3447**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3448**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3449**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3450**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3451**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3452**
3453**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3454**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3455**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3456**
3457**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3458**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3459**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3460**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3461**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3462**     processes uses nolock=1.
3463**
3464**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3465**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3466**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3467**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3468**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3469**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3470**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3471**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3472**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3473**
3474** </ul>
3475**
3476** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3477** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3478** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3479** additional information.
3480**
3481** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3482**
3483** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3484** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3485** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3486**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3487** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3488**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3489**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3490**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3491** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3492**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3493** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3494**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3495**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3496**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3497**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3498**          in URI filenames.
3499** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3500**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3501**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3502**          default, use a private cache.
3503** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3504**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3505**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3506** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3507**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3508**          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3509** </table>
3510**
3511** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3512** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3513** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3514** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3515** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3516** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3517** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3518** the results are undefined.
3519**
3520** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3521** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3522** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3523** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3524** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3525**
3526** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3527** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3528** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3529**
3530** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3531*/
3532int sqlite3_open(
3533  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3534  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3535);
3536int sqlite3_open16(
3537  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3538  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3539);
3540int sqlite3_open_v2(
3541  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3542  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3543  int flags,              /* Flags */
3544  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3545);
3546
3547/*
3548** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3549**
3550** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3551** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3552** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3553**
3554** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3555** as F) must be one of:
3556** <ul>
3557** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3558** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
3559** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3560** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3561** </ul>
3562** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3563** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3564** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3565**
3566** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3567** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3568** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3569** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3570** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3571** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3572** a pointer to an empty string.
3573**
3574** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3575** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3576** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3577** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3578** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3579** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3580** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3581** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3582** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3583** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3584**
3585** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3586** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3587** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3588** zero is returned.
3589**
3590** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3591** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3592** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3593** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
3594** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
3595** so forth.
3596**
3597** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3598** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3599** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
3600** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
3601** and probably undesirable.
3602**
3603** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
3604** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
3605** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
3606** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
3607** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
3608** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
3609** main database file.
3610**
3611** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3612*/
3613const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3614int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3615sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3616const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N);
3617
3618/*
3619** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
3620**
3621** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
3622** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
3623** and the WAL file.
3624**
3625** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3626** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
3627** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
3628**
3629** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3630** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
3631** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
3632** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
3633**
3634** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3635** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
3636** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
3637** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
3638** WAL file.
3639**
3640** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
3641** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
3642** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
3643** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
3644*/
3645const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char*);
3646const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char*);
3647const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char*);
3648
3649/*
3650** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
3651**
3652** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
3653** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
3654** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
3655** object that represents the main database file.
3656**
3657** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
3658** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
3659** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
3660** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
3661** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
3662** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
3663** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
3664** behavior.
3665*/
3666sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
3667
3668/*
3669** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
3670**
3671** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
3672** are not useful outside of that context.
3673**
3674** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
3675** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
3676** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
3677** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
3678** is safe to pass to routines like:
3679** <ul>
3680** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
3681** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
3682** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
3683** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
3684** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
3685** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
3686** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
3687** </ul>
3688** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
3689** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
3690** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3691**
3692** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
3693** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
3694** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
3695** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
3696** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
3697** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
3698** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
3699**
3700** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
3701** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
3702** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3703**
3704** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
3705** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
3706** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
3707** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
3708** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
3709** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
3710** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
3711** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3712*/
3713char *sqlite3_create_filename(
3714  const char *zDatabase,
3715  const char *zJournal,
3716  const char *zWal,
3717  int nParam,
3718  const char **azParam
3719);
3720void sqlite3_free_filename(char*);
3721
3722/*
3723** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3724** METHOD: sqlite3
3725**
3726** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3727** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3728** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3729** API call.
3730** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3731** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3732** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3733** disabled.
3734**
3735** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3736** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3737** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3738** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3739** interfaces are:
3740**
3741** <ul>
3742** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3743** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3744** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3745** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3746** </ul>
3747**
3748** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3749** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3750** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3751** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3752** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3753** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3754**
3755** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3756** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3757** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3758** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3759**
3760** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3761** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3762** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3763** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3764** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3765** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3766** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3767** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3768** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3769**
3770** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3771** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3772** error code and message may or may not be set.
3773*/
3774int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3775int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3776const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3777const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3778const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3779
3780/*
3781** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3782** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3783**
3784** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3785** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3786**
3787** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3788** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3789** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3790** prepared statement before it can be run.
3791**
3792** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3793**
3794** <ol>
3795** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3796** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3797**      interfaces.
3798** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3799** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3800**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3801** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3802** </ol>
3803*/
3804typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3805
3806/*
3807** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3808** METHOD: sqlite3
3809**
3810** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3811** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3812** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3813** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3814** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3815** new limit for that construct.)^
3816**
3817** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3818** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3819** [limits | hard upper bound]
3820** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3821** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3822** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3823** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3824** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3825**
3826** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3827** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3828** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3829** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3830**
3831** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3832** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3833** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3834** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3835** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3836** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3837** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3838** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3839** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3840** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3841** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3842** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3843**
3844** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3845*/
3846int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3847
3848/*
3849** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3850** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3851**
3852** These constants define various performance limits
3853** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3854** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3855** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3856**
3857** <dl>
3858** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3859** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3860**
3861** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3862** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3863**
3864** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3865** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3866** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3867** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3868**
3869** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3870** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3871**
3872** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3873** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3874**
3875** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3876** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3877** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3878** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3879** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3880**
3881** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3882** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3883**
3884** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3885** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3886**
3887** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3888** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3889** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3890** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3891**
3892** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3893** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3894** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3895**
3896** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3897** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3898**
3899** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3900** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3901** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3902** </dl>
3903*/
3904#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3905#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3906#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3907#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3908#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3909#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3910#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3911#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3912#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3913#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3914#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3915#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3916
3917/*
3918** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3919**
3920** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3921** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3922** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3923**
3924** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3925**
3926** <dl>
3927** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3928** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3929** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3930** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3931** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3932** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3933** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3934** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3935** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3936** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3937**
3938** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3939** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
3940** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
3941** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
3942** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
3943** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
3944** flag.
3945**
3946** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
3947** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
3948** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
3949** any virtual tables.
3950** </dl>
3951*/
3952#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3953#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3954#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
3955
3956/*
3957** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3958** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3959** METHOD: sqlite3
3960** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3961**
3962** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3963** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3964** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3965**
3966** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3967** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3968** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3969** for special purposes.
3970**
3971** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3972** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3973** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3974** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3975**
3976** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3977** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3978** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3979**
3980** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3981** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3982** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3983** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3984** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3985**
3986** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3987** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3988** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3989** statement is generated.
3990** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3991** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3992** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3993** the nul-terminator.
3994**
3995** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3996** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3997** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3998** what remains uncompiled.
3999**
4000** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4001** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4002** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4003** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4004** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4005** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4006** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4007**
4008** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4009** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4010**
4011** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4012** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4013** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4014** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4015** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4016** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4017** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4018** behave differently in three ways:
4019**
4020** <ol>
4021** <li>
4022** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4023** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4024** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4025** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4026** </li>
4027**
4028** <li>
4029** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4030** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4031** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4032** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4033** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4034** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4035** </li>
4036**
4037** <li>
4038** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4039** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4040** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4041** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4042** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4043** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4044** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4045** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4046** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4047** </li>
4048** </ol>
4049**
4050** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4051** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4052** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4053** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4054** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4055*/
4056int sqlite3_prepare(
4057  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4058  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4059  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4060  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4061  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4062);
4063int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4064  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4065  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4066  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4067  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4068  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4069);
4070int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4071  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4072  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4073  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4074  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4075  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4076  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4077);
4078int sqlite3_prepare16(
4079  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4080  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4081  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4082  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4083  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4084);
4085int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4086  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4087  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4088  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4089  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4090  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4091);
4092int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4093  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4094  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4095  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4096  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4097  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4098  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4099);
4100
4101/*
4102** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4103** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4104**
4105** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4106** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4107** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4108** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4109** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4110** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4111** [bound parameters] expanded.
4112** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4113** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4114** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4115** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4116** placeholders.
4117**
4118** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4119** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4120** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4121** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4122** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4123**
4124** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4125** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4126** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4127**
4128** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4129** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4130** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4131**
4132** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4133** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4134** statement is finalized.
4135** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4136** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
4137** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4138*/
4139const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4140char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4141const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4142
4143/*
4144** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4145** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4146**
4147** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4148** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4149** the content of the database file.
4150**
4151** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4152** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4153** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4154** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4155** change the database file through side-effects:
4156**
4157** <blockquote><pre>
4158**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4159** </pre></blockquote>
4160**
4161** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4162** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4163**
4164** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4165** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4166** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4167** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4168** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4169** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4170** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4171** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4172** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4173** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4174** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4175** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4176*/
4177int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4178
4179/*
4180** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4181** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4182**
4183** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4184** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4185** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4186** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4187** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4188*/
4189int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4190
4191/*
4192** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4193** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4194**
4195** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4196** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4197** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4198** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4199** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4200** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4201** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4202** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4203**
4204** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4205** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4206** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4207** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4208** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4209*/
4210int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4211
4212/*
4213** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4214** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4215**
4216** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4217** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4218** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4219** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4220**
4221** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4222** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4223** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4224** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4225** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4226** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4227** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4228**
4229** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4230** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4231** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4232** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4233** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4234** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4235** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4236** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4237** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4238** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4239** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4240** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4241**
4242** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4243** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4244** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4245** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4246** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4247** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4248** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4249** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4250** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4251*/
4252typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4253
4254/*
4255** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4256**
4257** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4258** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4259** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4260** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4261** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4262** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4263** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4264** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4265*/
4266typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4267
4268/*
4269** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4270** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4271** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4272** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4273**
4274** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4275** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4276** templates:
4277**
4278** <ul>
4279** <li>  ?
4280** <li>  ?NNN
4281** <li>  :VVV
4282** <li>  @VVV
4283** <li>  $VVV
4284** </ul>
4285**
4286** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4287** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4288** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4289** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4290**
4291** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4292** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4293** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4294**
4295** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4296** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4297** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4298** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4299** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4300** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4301** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4302** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4303** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4304**
4305** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4306** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4307** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4308** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4309** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4310** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4311** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4312** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4313** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4314** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4315** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4316** otherwise.
4317**
4318** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4319** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4320** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4321** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4322** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4323** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4324** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4325** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4326** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4327**
4328** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4329** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4330** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4331** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4332** is negative, then the length of the string is
4333** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4334** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4335** the behavior is undefined.
4336** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4337** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4338** that parameter must be the byte offset
4339** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4340** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
4341** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4342** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4343** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4344**
4345** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
4346** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
4347** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
4348** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
4349** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
4350** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4351** ^If the fifth argument is
4352** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
4353** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
4354** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
4355** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
4356** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
4357**
4358** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4359** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4360** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4361** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4362** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4363** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4364** is undefined.
4365**
4366** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4367** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4368** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4369** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4370** content is later written using
4371** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4372** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4373**
4374** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4375** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4376** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4377** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4378** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4379** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4380** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4381** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4382**
4383** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4384** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4385** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4386** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4387** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4388** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4389**
4390** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4391** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4392**
4393** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4394** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4395** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4396** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4397** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4398** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4399** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4400**
4401** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4402** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4403*/
4404int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4405int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4406                        void(*)(void*));
4407int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4408int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4409int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4410int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4411int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4412int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4413int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4414                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4415int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4416int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4417int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4418int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4419
4420/*
4421** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4422** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4423**
4424** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4425** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4426** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4427** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4428** to the parameters at a later time.
4429**
4430** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4431** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4432** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4433** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4434**
4435** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4436** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4437** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4438*/
4439int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4440
4441/*
4442** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4443** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4444**
4445** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4446** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4447** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4448** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4449** respectively.
4450** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4451** is included as part of the name.)^
4452** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4453** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4454**
4455** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4456**
4457** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4458** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4459** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4460** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4461** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4462**
4463** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4464** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4465** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4466*/
4467const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4468
4469/*
4470** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4471** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4472**
4473** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4474** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4475** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4476** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4477** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4478** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4479** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4480**
4481** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4482** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4483** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4484*/
4485int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4486
4487/*
4488** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4489** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4490**
4491** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4492** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4493** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4494*/
4495int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4496
4497/*
4498** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4499** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4500**
4501** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4502** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4503** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4504** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4505** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4506** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4507** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4508**
4509** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4510*/
4511int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4512
4513/*
4514** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4515** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4516**
4517** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4518** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4519** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4520** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4521** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4522** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4523** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4524**
4525** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4526** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4527** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4528** or until the next call to
4529** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4530**
4531** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4532** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4533** NULL pointer is returned.
4534**
4535** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4536** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4537** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4538** one release of SQLite to the next.
4539*/
4540const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4541const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4542
4543/*
4544** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4545** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4546**
4547** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4548** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4549** [SELECT] statement.
4550** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4551** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4552** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4553** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4554** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4555** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4556** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4557** or until the same information is requested
4558** again in a different encoding.
4559**
4560** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4561** database, table, and column.
4562**
4563** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4564** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4565** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4566** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4567**
4568** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4569** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4570** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4571** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4572** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4573**
4574** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4575** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4576**
4577** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4578** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4579**
4580** If two or more threads call one or more
4581** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4582** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4583** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4584*/
4585const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4586const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4587const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4588const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4589const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4590const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4591
4592/*
4593** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4594** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4595**
4596** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4597** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4598** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4599** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4600** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4601** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4602** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4603**
4604** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4605**
4606** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4607**
4608** and the following statement to be compiled:
4609**
4610** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4611**
4612** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4613** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4614**
4615** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4616** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4617** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4618** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4619** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4620** used to hold those values.
4621*/
4622const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4623const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4624
4625/*
4626** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4627** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4628**
4629** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4630** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4631** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4632** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4633** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4634**
4635** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4636** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4637** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4638** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4639** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4640** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4641** interface will continue to be supported.
4642**
4643** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4644** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4645** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4646** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4647**
4648** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4649** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4650** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4651** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4652** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4653** continuing.
4654**
4655** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4656** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4657** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4658** machine back to its initial state.
4659**
4660** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4661** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4662** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4663** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4664**
4665** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4666** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4667** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4668** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4669** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4670** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4671** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4672** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4673**
4674** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4675** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4676** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4677** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4678** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4679** more threads at the same moment in time.
4680**
4681** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4682** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4683** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4684** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4685** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4686** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4687** sqlite3_step() began
4688** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4689** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4690** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4691** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4692** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4693**
4694** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4695** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4696** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4697** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4698** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4699** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4700** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4701** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4702** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4703** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4704** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4705** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4706*/
4707int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4708
4709/*
4710** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4711** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4712**
4713** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4714** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4715** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4716** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4717** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4718** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4719** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4720** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4721** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4722** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4723** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4724** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4725**
4726** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4727*/
4728int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4729
4730/*
4731** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4732** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4733**
4734** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4735**
4736** <ul>
4737** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4738** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4739** <li> string
4740** <li> BLOB
4741** <li> NULL
4742** </ul>)^
4743**
4744** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4745**
4746** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4747** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4748** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4749** SQLITE_TEXT.
4750*/
4751#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4752#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4753#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4754#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4755#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4756# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4757#else
4758# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4759#endif
4760#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4761
4762/*
4763** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4764** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4765** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4766**
4767** <b>Summary:</b>
4768** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4769** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4770** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4771** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4772** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4773** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4774** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4775** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4776** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4777** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4778** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4779** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4780** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4781** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4782** TEXT in bytes
4783** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4784** datatype of the result
4785** </table></blockquote>
4786**
4787** <b>Details:</b>
4788**
4789** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4790** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4791** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4792** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4793** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4794** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4795** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4796** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4797**
4798** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4799** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4800** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4801** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4802** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4803** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4804** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4805** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4806** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4807** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4808** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4809**
4810** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4811** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4812** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4813** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4814** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4815**
4816** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4817** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4818** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4819** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4820** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4821** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4822** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4823** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4824** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4825** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4826** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4827** following a type conversion.
4828**
4829** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4830** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4831** of that BLOB or string.
4832**
4833** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4834** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4835** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4836** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4837** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4838** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4839** the number of bytes in that string.
4840** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4841**
4842** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4843** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4844** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4845** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4846** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4847** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4848** the number of bytes in that string.
4849** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4850**
4851** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4852** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4853** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4854** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4855** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4856**
4857** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4858** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4859** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4860**
4861** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4862** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4863** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4864** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4865** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4866** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4867** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4868** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4869** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4870** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4871** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4872** top-level application code.
4873**
4874** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4875** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4876** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4877** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4878** that are applied:
4879**
4880** <blockquote>
4881** <table border="1">
4882** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4883**
4884** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4885** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4886** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4887** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4888** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4889** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4890** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4891** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4892** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4893** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4894** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4895** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4896** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4897** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4898** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4899** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4900** </table>
4901** </blockquote>)^
4902**
4903** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4904** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4905** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4906** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4907** in the following cases:
4908**
4909** <ul>
4910** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4911**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4912**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4913** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4914**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4915**      to UTF-16.</li>
4916** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4917**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4918**      to UTF-8.</li>
4919** </ul>
4920**
4921** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4922** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4923** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4924** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4925** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4926**
4927** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4928** in one of the following ways:
4929**
4930** <ul>
4931**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4932**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4933**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4934** </ul>
4935**
4936** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4937** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4938** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4939** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4940** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4941** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4942** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4943**
4944** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4945** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4946** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4947** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4948** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4949** [sqlite3_free()].
4950**
4951** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4952** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4953** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4954** errors:
4955**
4956** <ul>
4957** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4958** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4959** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4960** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4961** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4962** </ul>
4963**
4964** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4965** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4966** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4967** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4968** return value is obtained and before any
4969** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4970*/
4971const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4972double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4973int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4974sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4975const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4976const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4977sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4978int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4979int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4980int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4981
4982/*
4983** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4984** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4985**
4986** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4987** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4988** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4989** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4990** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4991** [extended error code].
4992**
4993** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4994** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4995** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4996** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4997** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4998** completed execution.
4999**
5000** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5001**
5002** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5003** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5004** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5005** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5006** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5007*/
5008int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5009
5010/*
5011** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5012** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5013**
5014** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5015** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5016** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5017** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5018** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5019**
5020** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5021** back to the beginning of its program.
5022**
5023** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5024** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
5025** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
5026** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
5027**
5028** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5029** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5030** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5031**
5032** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5033** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5034*/
5035int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5036
5037/*
5038** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5039** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5040** METHOD: sqlite3
5041**
5042** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5043** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5044** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5045** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5046** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5047** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5048** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5049** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5050** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5051**
5052** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5053** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5054** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5055** to each database connection separately.
5056**
5057** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5058** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5059** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5060** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5061** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5062** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5063**
5064** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5065** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5066** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5067** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5068** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5069** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5070** undefined.
5071**
5072** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5073** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5074** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5075** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5076** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5077** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5078** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5079** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5080** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5081** each encoding.
5082** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5083** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5084**
5085** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5086** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5087** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5088** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5089** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5090** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5091** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5092**
5093** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5094** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5095** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5096** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5097**
5098** <span style="background-color:#ffff90;">
5099** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5100** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5101** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5102** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
5103** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5104** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5105** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5106** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5107** the database file is opened and read.
5108** </span>
5109**
5110** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5111** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5112**
5113** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5114** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5115** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5116** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5117** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5118** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5119** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5120** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5121** callbacks.
5122**
5123** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5124** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5125** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5126** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5127** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5128** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5129** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5130** of aggregate window functions are
5131** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5132**
5133** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5134** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
5135** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5136** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5137** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5138** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5139** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5140** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5141**
5142** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5143** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5144** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5145** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5146** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5147** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5148** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5149** matches the database encoding is a better
5150** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5151** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5152** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5153** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5154**
5155** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5156**
5157** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5158** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5159** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5160** statement in which the function is running.
5161*/
5162int sqlite3_create_function(
5163  sqlite3 *db,
5164  const char *zFunctionName,
5165  int nArg,
5166  int eTextRep,
5167  void *pApp,
5168  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5169  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5170  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5171);
5172int sqlite3_create_function16(
5173  sqlite3 *db,
5174  const void *zFunctionName,
5175  int nArg,
5176  int eTextRep,
5177  void *pApp,
5178  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5179  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5180  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5181);
5182int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5183  sqlite3 *db,
5184  const char *zFunctionName,
5185  int nArg,
5186  int eTextRep,
5187  void *pApp,
5188  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5189  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5190  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5191  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5192);
5193int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5194  sqlite3 *db,
5195  const char *zFunctionName,
5196  int nArg,
5197  int eTextRep,
5198  void *pApp,
5199  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5200  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5201  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5202  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5203  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5204);
5205
5206/*
5207** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5208**
5209** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5210** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5211*/
5212#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5213#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5214#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5215#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5216#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5217#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5218
5219/*
5220** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5221**
5222** These constants may be ORed together with the
5223** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5224** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5225** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5226**
5227** <dl>
5228** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5229** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5230** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5231** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5232** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5233** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5234** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5235** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5236** out of inner loops.
5237** </dd>
5238**
5239** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5240** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5241** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5242** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5243** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5244** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
5245** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
5246** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
5247** information.
5248** </dd>
5249**
5250** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5251** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5252** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5253** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5254** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5255** innocuous function.
5256** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5257** side effects.
5258** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5259** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5260** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5261** <p>Some heightened security settings
5262** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5263** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5264** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5265** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5266** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5267** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5268** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5269** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5270** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5271** </dd>
5272**
5273** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5274** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5275** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5276** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5277** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5278** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5279** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5280** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5281** </dd>
5282** </dl>
5283*/
5284#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5285#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5286#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5287#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5288
5289/*
5290** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5291** DEPRECATED
5292**
5293** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5294** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5295** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5296** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5297** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5298*/
5299#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5300SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5301SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5302SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5303SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5304SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5305SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5306                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5307#endif
5308
5309/*
5310** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5311** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5312**
5313** <b>Summary:</b>
5314** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5315** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5316** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5317** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5318** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5319** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5320** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5321** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5322** the native byteorder
5323** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5324** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5325** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5326** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5327** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5328** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5329** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5330** TEXT in bytes
5331** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5332** datatype of the value
5333** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5334** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5335** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5336** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5337** against a virtual table.
5338** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5339** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5340** </table></blockquote>
5341**
5342** <b>Details:</b>
5343**
5344** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5345** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5346** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5347** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5348**
5349** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5350** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5351** is not threadsafe.
5352**
5353** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5354** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5355** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5356**
5357** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5358** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5359** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5360** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5361**
5362** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5363** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5364** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5365** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5366** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5367** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5368**
5369** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5370** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5371** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5372** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5373** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5374** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5375** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5376** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5377** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5378** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5379**
5380** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5381** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5382** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5383** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5384** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5385** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5386** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5387**
5388** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5389** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5390** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5391** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5392** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5393** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5394** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5395** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5396** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5397** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5398** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5399** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5400**
5401** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5402** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5403** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5404** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5405**
5406** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5407** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5408** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5409** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5410** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5411**
5412** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5413** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5414**
5415** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5416** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5417** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5418** errors:
5419**
5420** <ul>
5421** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5422** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5423** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5424** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5425** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5426** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5427** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5428** </ul>
5429**
5430** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5431** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5432** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5433** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5434** return value is obtained and before any
5435** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5436*/
5437const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5438double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5439int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5440sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5441void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5442const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5443const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5444const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5445const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5446int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5447int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5448int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5449int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5450int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5451int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5452
5453/*
5454** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5455** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5456**
5457** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5458** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5459** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5460** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5461** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5462*/
5463unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5464
5465/*
5466** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5467** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5468**
5469** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5470** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5471** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5472** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5473** memory allocation fails.
5474**
5475** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5476** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5477** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5478*/
5479sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5480void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5481
5482/*
5483** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5484** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5485**
5486** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5487** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5488**
5489** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5490** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5491** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5492** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5493** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5494** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5495** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5496** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5497** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5498** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5499** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5500** first time from within xFinal().)^
5501**
5502** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5503** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5504** allocate error occurs.
5505**
5506** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5507** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5508** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5509** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5510** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5511** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5512** pointless memory allocations occur.
5513**
5514** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5515** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5516**
5517** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5518** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5519** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5520** function.
5521**
5522** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5523** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5524*/
5525void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5526
5527/*
5528** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5529** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5530**
5531** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5532** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5533** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5534** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5535** registered the application defined function.
5536**
5537** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5538** the application-defined function is running.
5539*/
5540void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5541
5542/*
5543** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5544** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5545**
5546** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5547** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5548** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5549** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5550** registered the application defined function.
5551*/
5552sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5553
5554/*
5555** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5556** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5557**
5558** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5559** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5560** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5561** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5562** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5563** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5564** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5565** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5566** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5567** invocations of the same function.
5568**
5569** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5570** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5571** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5572** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5573** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5574** returns a NULL pointer.
5575**
5576** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5577** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5578** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5579** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5580** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5581** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5582** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5583** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5584** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5585** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5586** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5587**      SQL statement)^, or
5588** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5589**       parameter)^, or
5590** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5591**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5592**
5593** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5594** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5595** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5596** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5597** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5598** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5599**
5600** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5601** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5602** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5603**
5604** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5605** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5606** kinds of function caching behavior.
5607**
5608** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5609** the SQL function is running.
5610*/
5611void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5612void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5613
5614
5615/*
5616** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5617**
5618** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5619** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5620** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5621** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5622** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5623** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5624** the content before returning.
5625**
5626** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5627** C++ compilers.
5628*/
5629typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5630#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5631#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5632
5633/*
5634** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5635** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5636**
5637** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5638** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5639** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5640** for additional information.
5641**
5642** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5643** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5644** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5645**
5646** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5647** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5648** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5649** third parameter.
5650**
5651** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5652** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5653** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5654**
5655** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5656** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5657** by its 2nd argument.
5658**
5659** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5660** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5661** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5662** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5663** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5664** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5665** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
5666** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
5667** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5668** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5669** message all text up through the first zero character.
5670** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5671** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5672** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5673** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5674** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5675** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5676** modify the text after they return without harm.
5677** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5678** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5679** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5680** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5681**
5682** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5683** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5684**
5685** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5686** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5687**
5688** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5689** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5690** value given in the 2nd argument.
5691** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5692** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5693** value given in the 2nd argument.
5694**
5695** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5696** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5697**
5698** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5699** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5700** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5701** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5702** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5703** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5704** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5705** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5706** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5707** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5708** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5709** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5710** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5711** through the first zero character.
5712** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5713** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5714** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5715** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5716** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5717** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5718** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5719** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5720** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5721** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5722** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5723** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5724** finished using that result.
5725** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5726** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5727** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5728** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5729** when it has finished using that result.
5730** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5731** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5732** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5733** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5734**
5735** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5736** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
5737** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
5738** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
5739** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
5740** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
5741** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
5742** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
5743** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
5744** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
5745** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
5746** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
5747**
5748** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
5749** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5750** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
5751** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
5752** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
5753**
5754** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5755** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5756** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5757** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5758** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5759** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5760** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5761** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5762** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5763**
5764** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5765** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5766** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5767** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5768** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5769** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5770** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5771** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5772** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5773** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5774**
5775** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5776** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5777** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5778*/
5779void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5780void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5781                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5782void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5783void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5784void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5785void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5786void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5787void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5788void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5789void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5790void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5791void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5792void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5793                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5794void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5795void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5796void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5797void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5798void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5799void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5800int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5801
5802
5803/*
5804** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5805** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5806**
5807** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5808** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5809** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5810** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5811** higher order bits are discarded.
5812** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5813** in future releases of SQLite.
5814*/
5815void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5816
5817/*
5818** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5819** METHOD: sqlite3
5820**
5821** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5822** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5823**
5824** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5825** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5826** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5827** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5828** considered to be the same name.
5829**
5830** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5831** <ul>
5832** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5833** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5834** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5835** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5836** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5837** </ul>)^
5838** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5839** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
5840** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5841** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5842** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5843** on an even byte address.
5844**
5845** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5846** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5847**
5848** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
5849** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5850** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5851** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5852** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
5853** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5854** that collation is no longer usable.
5855**
5856** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5857** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5858** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
5859** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
5860** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5861** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5862** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5863** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5864** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5865** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5866** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5867** strings A, B, and C:
5868**
5869** <ol>
5870** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5871** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5872** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5873** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5874** </ol>
5875**
5876** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5877** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5878** is undefined.
5879**
5880** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5881** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5882** the collating function is deleted.
5883** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5884** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5885** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5886**
5887** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5888** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5889** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5890** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5891** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5892** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5893** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5894** compatibility.
5895**
5896** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5897*/
5898int sqlite3_create_collation(
5899  sqlite3*,
5900  const char *zName,
5901  int eTextRep,
5902  void *pArg,
5903  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5904);
5905int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5906  sqlite3*,
5907  const char *zName,
5908  int eTextRep,
5909  void *pArg,
5910  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5911  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5912);
5913int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5914  sqlite3*,
5915  const void *zName,
5916  int eTextRep,
5917  void *pArg,
5918  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5919);
5920
5921/*
5922** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5923** METHOD: sqlite3
5924**
5925** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5926** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5927** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5928** sequence is required.
5929**
5930** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5931** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5932** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5933** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5934** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5935**
5936** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5937** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5938** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5939** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5940** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5941** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5942** required collation sequence.)^
5943**
5944** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5945** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5946** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5947*/
5948int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5949  sqlite3*,
5950  void*,
5951  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5952);
5953int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5954  sqlite3*,
5955  void*,
5956  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5957);
5958
5959#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5960/*
5961** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5962** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5963*/
5964void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5965  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5966);
5967#endif
5968
5969/*
5970** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5971**
5972** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5973** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5974**
5975** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5976** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5977** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5978** requested from the operating system is returned.
5979**
5980** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5981** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5982** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5983** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5984** in the previous paragraphs.
5985*/
5986int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5987
5988/*
5989** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5990**
5991** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5992** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5993** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5994** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5995** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5996** temporary file directory.
5997**
5998** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5999** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6000** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6001** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6002** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6003** be avoided in new projects.
6004**
6005** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6006** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6007** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6008** thread.
6009** It is intended that this variable be set once
6010** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6011** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6012** thereafter.
6013**
6014** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6015** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6016** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6017** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6018** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6019** using [sqlite3_free].
6020** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6021** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6022** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6023** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6024** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6025** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6026** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6027** objects have been destroyed.
6028**
6029** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6030** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6031** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6032** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6033**
6034** <blockquote><pre>
6035** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6036** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6037** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6038** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6039** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6040** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6041** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6042** </pre></blockquote>
6043*/
6044SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6045
6046/*
6047** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6048**
6049** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6050** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6051** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6052** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6053** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6054** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6055** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6056** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6057** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6058**
6059** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6060** open can result in a corrupt database.
6061**
6062** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6063** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6064** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6065** thread.
6066** It is intended that this variable be set once
6067** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6068** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6069** thereafter.
6070**
6071** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6072** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6073** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6074** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6075** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6076** using [sqlite3_free].
6077** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6078** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6079** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6080*/
6081SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6082
6083/*
6084** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6085**
6086** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6087** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6088** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6089** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6090** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6091** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6092** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6093** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6094** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6095** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6096** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6097** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6098** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6099** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6100** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6101*/
6102int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6103  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6104  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6105);
6106int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6107int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6108
6109/*
6110** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6111**
6112** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6113** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6114*/
6115#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6116#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6117
6118/*
6119** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6120** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6121** METHOD: sqlite3
6122**
6123** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6124** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6125** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6126** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6127** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6128**
6129** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6130** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6131** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6132** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6133** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6134** an error is to use this function.
6135**
6136** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6137** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6138** is undefined.
6139*/
6140int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6141
6142/*
6143** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6144** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6145**
6146** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6147** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6148** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6149** that was the first argument
6150** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6151** create the statement in the first place.
6152*/
6153sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6154
6155/*
6156** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6157** METHOD: sqlite3
6158**
6159** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6160** associated with database N of connection D.
6161** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6162** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6163** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6164**
6165** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6166** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6167** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6168**
6169** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6170** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6171** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6172** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6173**
6174** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6175** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6176** <ul>
6177** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6178** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6179** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6180** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6181** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6182** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6183** </ul>
6184*/
6185const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6186
6187/*
6188** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6189** METHOD: sqlite3
6190**
6191** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6192** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6193** the name of a database on connection D.
6194*/
6195int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6196
6197/*
6198** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6199** METHOD: sqlite3
6200**
6201** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6202** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6203** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6204** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6205** <ol>
6206** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6207** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6208** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6209** </ol>
6210** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6211** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6212*/
6213int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6214
6215/*
6216** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
6217** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6218**
6219** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6220** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6221** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6222** in [database connection] D.
6223**
6224** <dl>
6225** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6226** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6227** pending.</dd>
6228**
6229** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6230** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6231** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6232** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6233** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6234** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6235** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6236** [COMMIT].</dd>
6237**
6238** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6239** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6240** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6241** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6242** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6243*/
6244#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6245#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6246#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6247
6248/*
6249** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6250** METHOD: sqlite3
6251**
6252** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6253** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6254** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6255** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6256** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6257**
6258** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6259** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6260** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6261*/
6262sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6263
6264/*
6265** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6266** METHOD: sqlite3
6267**
6268** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6269** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6270** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6271** for the same database connection is overridden.
6272** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6273** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6274** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6275** for the same database connection is overridden.
6276** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6277** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6278** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6279**
6280** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6281** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6282** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6283** the first call for each function on D.
6284**
6285** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6286** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6287** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6288** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6289** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6290** or rollback hook in the first place.
6291** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6292** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6293** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6294**
6295** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6296**
6297** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6298** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6299** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6300** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6301** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6302**
6303** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6304** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6305** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6306** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6307** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6308**
6309** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6310*/
6311void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6312void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6313
6314/*
6315** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6316** METHOD: sqlite3
6317**
6318** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6319** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6320** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6321** a [rowid table].
6322** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6323** for the same database connection is overridden.
6324**
6325** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6326** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6327** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6328** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6329** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6330** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6331** to be invoked.
6332** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6333** database and table name containing the affected row.
6334** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6335** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6336**
6337** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6338** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
6339** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6340**
6341** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6342** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6343** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6344** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6345** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6346** release of SQLite.
6347**
6348** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6349** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6350** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6351** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6352** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6353** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6354**
6355** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6356** returns the P argument from the previous call
6357** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6358** the first call on D.
6359**
6360** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6361** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6362*/
6363void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6364  sqlite3*,
6365  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6366  void*
6367);
6368
6369/*
6370** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6371**
6372** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6373** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6374** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6375** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6376**
6377** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6378** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6379** In prior versions of SQLite,
6380** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6381**
6382** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6383** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6384** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6385** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6386**
6387** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6388** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6389**
6390** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6391** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6392** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6393** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6394** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6395** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6396** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6397**
6398** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6399** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6400** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6401** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6402**
6403** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6404** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6405**
6406** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6407*/
6408int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6409
6410/*
6411** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6412**
6413** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6414** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6415** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6416** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6417** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6418** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6419** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6420** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6421**
6422** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6423*/
6424int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6425
6426/*
6427** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6428** METHOD: sqlite3
6429**
6430** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6431** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6432** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6433** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6434** omitted.
6435**
6436** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6437*/
6438int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6439
6440/*
6441** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6442**
6443** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6444** by all database connections within a single process.
6445**
6446** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6447** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6448** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6449** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6450** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6451** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6452** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6453** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6454** is advisory only.
6455**
6456** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6457** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6458** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6459** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6460** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6461**
6462** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6463** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6464** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6465** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6466** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6467** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6468** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6469**
6470** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6471**
6472** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6473** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6474** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6475** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6476** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6477** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6478** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6479** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6480** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6481** hard heap limit.
6482**
6483** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6484** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6485**
6486** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6487** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6488**
6489** <ul>
6490** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6491** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6492**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6493**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6494** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6495**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6496** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6497**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6498**      from the heap.
6499** </ul>)^
6500**
6501** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6502** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6503*/
6504sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6505sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6506
6507/*
6508** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6509** DEPRECATED
6510**
6511** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6512** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6513** only.  All new applications should use the
6514** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6515*/
6516SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6517
6518
6519/*
6520** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6521** METHOD: sqlite3
6522**
6523** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6524** information about column C of table T in database D
6525** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6526** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6527** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6528** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6529** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6530** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6531** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6532** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6533** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6534** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6535** undefined behavior.
6536**
6537** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6538** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6539** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6540** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6541** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6542** resolve unqualified table references.
6543**
6544** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6545** name of the desired column, respectively.
6546**
6547** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6548** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6549** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6550**
6551** ^(<blockquote>
6552** <table border="1">
6553** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6554**
6555** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6556** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6557** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6558** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6559** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6560** </table>
6561** </blockquote>)^
6562**
6563** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6564** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6565** call to any SQLite API function.
6566**
6567** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6568**
6569** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6570** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6571** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6572** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6573** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6574** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6575**
6576** <pre>
6577**     data type: "INTEGER"
6578**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6579**     not null: 0
6580**     primary key: 1
6581**     auto increment: 0
6582** </pre>)^
6583**
6584** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6585** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6586** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6587*/
6588int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6589  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6590  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6591  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6592  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6593  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6594  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6595  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6596  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6597  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6598);
6599
6600/*
6601** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6602** METHOD: sqlite3
6603**
6604** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6605**
6606** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6607** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6608** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6609** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6610** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6611** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6612** be tried also.
6613**
6614** ^The entry point is zProc.
6615** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6616** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6617** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6618** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6619** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6620** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6621** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6622** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6623** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6624** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6625** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6626** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6627** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6628**
6629** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6630** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6631** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6632** prior to calling this API,
6633** otherwise an error will be returned.
6634**
6635** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6636** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6637** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6638** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6639** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6640** access to extension loading capabilities.
6641**
6642** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6643*/
6644int sqlite3_load_extension(
6645  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6646  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6647  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6648  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6649);
6650
6651/*
6652** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6653** METHOD: sqlite3
6654**
6655** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6656** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6657** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6658** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6659**
6660** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6661** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6662** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6663** it back off again.
6664**
6665** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6666** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6667** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6668** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6669**
6670** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6671** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6672** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6673** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6674** access to extension loading capabilities.
6675*/
6676int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6677
6678/*
6679** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6680**
6681** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6682** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6683** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6684** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6685**
6686** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6687** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6688** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6689** entry point where as follows:
6690**
6691** <blockquote><pre>
6692** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6693** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6694** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6695** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6696** &nbsp;  );
6697** </pre></blockquote>)^
6698**
6699** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6700** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6701** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6702** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6703** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6704** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6705** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6706**
6707** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6708** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6709** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6710**
6711** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6712** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6713*/
6714int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6715
6716/*
6717** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6718**
6719** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6720** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6721** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6722** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6723** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6724** routines.
6725*/
6726int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6727
6728/*
6729** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6730**
6731** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6732** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6733*/
6734void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6735
6736/*
6737** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6738** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6739** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6740**
6741** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6742** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6743*/
6744
6745/*
6746** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6747*/
6748typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6749typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6750typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6751typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6752
6753/*
6754** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6755** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6756**
6757** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6758** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
6759** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6760**
6761** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6762** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6763** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6764** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6765** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6766** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6767** any database connection.
6768*/
6769struct sqlite3_module {
6770  int iVersion;
6771  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6772               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6773               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6774  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6775               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6776               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6777  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6778  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6779  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6780  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6781  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6782  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6783                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6784  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6785  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6786  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6787  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6788  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6789  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6790  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6791  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6792  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6793  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6794                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6795                       void **ppArg);
6796  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6797  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6798  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6799  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6800  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6801  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6802  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6803  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6804  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6805};
6806
6807/*
6808** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6809** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6810**
6811** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6812** of the [virtual table] interface to
6813** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6814** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6815** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6816** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6817**
6818** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6819**
6820** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6821**
6822** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6823** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6824** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6825** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6826** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6827** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6828** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6829**
6830** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6831** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6832** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6833** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6834** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6835**
6836** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6837** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6838**
6839** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6840** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6841** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6842** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6843** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6844** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6845** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6846** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6847** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6848** non-zero.
6849**
6850** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6851** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6852** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6853** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6854** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6855** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
6856** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
6857** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
6858** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
6859** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
6860** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
6861** not be checked again using byte code.)^
6862**
6863** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6864** [xFilter] method.
6865** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6866** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6867**
6868** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6869** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6870** sorting step is required.
6871**
6872** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6873** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6874** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6875** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6876** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6877**
6878** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6879** will be returned by the strategy.
6880**
6881** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6882** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6883** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6884** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6885**
6886** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6887** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6888** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6889** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6890** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6891** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6892** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6893** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6894** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6895**
6896** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6897** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6898** If a virtual table extension is
6899** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6900** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6901** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6902** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6903** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6904** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6905** It may therefore only be used if
6906** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6907** 3009000.
6908*/
6909struct sqlite3_index_info {
6910  /* Inputs */
6911  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6912  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6913     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6914     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6915     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6916     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6917  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6918  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6919  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6920     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6921     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6922  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6923  /* Outputs */
6924  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6925    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6926    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6927  } *aConstraintUsage;
6928  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6929  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6930  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6931  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6932  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6933  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6934  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6935  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6936  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6937  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6938  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6939};
6940
6941/*
6942** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6943**
6944** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6945** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6946** these bits.
6947*/
6948#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6949
6950/*
6951** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6952**
6953** These macros define the allowed values for the
6954** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6955** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6956** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6957*/
6958#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6959#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6960#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6961#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6962#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6963#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6964#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6965#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6966#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6967#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6968#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6969#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6970#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6971#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6972#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
6973
6974/*
6975** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6976** METHOD: sqlite3
6977**
6978** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6979** ^Module names must be registered before
6980** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6981** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6982**
6983** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6984** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6985** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6986** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6987** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6988** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6989** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6990**
6991** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6992** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6993** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6994** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6995** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6996** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6997** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6998** destructor.
6999**
7000** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7001** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
7002** same name are dropped.
7003**
7004** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7005*/
7006int sqlite3_create_module(
7007  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7008  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7009  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7010  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7011);
7012int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7013  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7014  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7015  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7016  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7017  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7018);
7019
7020/*
7021** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7022** METHOD: sqlite3
7023**
7024** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7025** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7026** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7027** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7028** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7029**
7030** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7031*/
7032int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7033  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7034  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7035);
7036
7037/*
7038** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7039** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7040**
7041** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7042** of this object to describe a particular instance
7043** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7044** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7045** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7046** common to all module implementations.
7047**
7048** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7049** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7050** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7051** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7052** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7053** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7054*/
7055struct sqlite3_vtab {
7056  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7057  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7058  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7059  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7060};
7061
7062/*
7063** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7064** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7065**
7066** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7067** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7068** [virtual table] and are used
7069** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7070** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7071** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7072** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7073** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7074** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7075**
7076** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7077** are common to all implementations.
7078*/
7079struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7080  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7081  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7082};
7083
7084/*
7085** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7086**
7087** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7088** [virtual table module] call this interface
7089** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7090** the virtual tables they implement.
7091*/
7092int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7093
7094/*
7095** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7096** METHOD: sqlite3
7097**
7098** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7099** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7100** But global versions of those functions
7101** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7102**
7103** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7104** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7105** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7106** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7107** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7108** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7109** by a [virtual table].
7110*/
7111int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7112
7113/*
7114** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
7115** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
7116** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
7117** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
7118**
7119** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
7120** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
7121*/
7122
7123/*
7124** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7125** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7126**
7127** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7128** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7129** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7130** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7131** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7132** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7133** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7134*/
7135typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7136
7137/*
7138** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7139** METHOD: sqlite3
7140** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7141**
7142** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7143** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7144** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7145**
7146** <pre>
7147**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7148** </pre>)^
7149**
7150** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7151** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7152** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7153** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7154** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7155**
7156** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7157** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7158** read-only access.
7159**
7160** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7161** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7162** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7163** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7164** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
7165**
7166** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7167** <ul>
7168**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7169**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7170**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7171**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7172**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7173**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7174**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7175**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7176**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7177**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7178**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7179**         being opened for read/write access)^.
7180** </ul>
7181**
7182** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7183** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7184** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7185**
7186** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7187** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7188** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7189** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7190** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7191** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7192**
7193** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7194** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7195** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7196** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7197** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7198** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7199** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7200** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7201** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7202** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7203**
7204** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7205** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7206** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7207** blob.
7208**
7209** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7210** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7211** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7212**
7213** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7214** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7215**
7216** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7217** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7218** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7219*/
7220int sqlite3_blob_open(
7221  sqlite3*,
7222  const char *zDb,
7223  const char *zTable,
7224  const char *zColumn,
7225  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
7226  int flags,
7227  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
7228);
7229
7230/*
7231** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
7232** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7233**
7234** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
7235** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
7236** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
7237** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
7238** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
7239** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
7240**
7241** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
7242** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
7243** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
7244** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
7245** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
7246** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
7247** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
7248** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
7249** always returns zero.
7250**
7251** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
7252*/
7253int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
7254
7255/*
7256** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
7257** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7258**
7259** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7260** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7261** handle is still closed.)^
7262**
7263** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7264** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7265** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7266** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7267** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7268**
7269** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7270** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7271** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7272** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7273** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7274** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7275*/
7276int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7277
7278/*
7279** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7280** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7281**
7282** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7283** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7284** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7285** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7286**
7287** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7288** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7289** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7290** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7291*/
7292int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7293
7294/*
7295** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7296** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7297**
7298** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7299** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7300** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7301**
7302** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7303** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7304** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7305** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7306** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7307**
7308** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7309** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7310**
7311** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7312** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7313**
7314** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7315** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7316** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7317** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7318**
7319** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7320*/
7321int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7322
7323/*
7324** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7325** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7326**
7327** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7328** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7329** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7330**
7331** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7332** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7333** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7334** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7335** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7336**
7337** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7338** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7339** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7340**
7341** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7342** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7343** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7344** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7345** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7346** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7347** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7348**
7349** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7350** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7351** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7352** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7353** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7354** or by other independent statements.
7355**
7356** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7357** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7358** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7359** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7360**
7361** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7362*/
7363int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7364
7365/*
7366** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7367**
7368** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7369** that SQLite uses to interact
7370** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7371** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7372** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7373** The following interfaces are provided.
7374**
7375** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7376** ^Names are case sensitive.
7377** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7378** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7379** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7380**
7381** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7382** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7383** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7384** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7385** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7386** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7387** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7388** then the behavior is undefined.
7389**
7390** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7391** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7392** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7393*/
7394sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7395int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7396int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7397
7398/*
7399** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7400**
7401** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7402** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7403** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7404** permitted to use any of these routines.
7405**
7406** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7407** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7408** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7409** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7410**
7411** <ul>
7412** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7413** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7414** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7415** </ul>
7416**
7417** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7418** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7419** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7420** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7421** and Windows.
7422**
7423** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7424** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7425** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7426** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7427** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7428** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7429** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7430**
7431** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7432** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7433** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7434** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7435** integer constants:
7436**
7437** <ul>
7438** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7439** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7440** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
7441** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7442** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7443** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7444** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7445** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7446** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7447** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7448** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7449** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7450** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7451** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7452** </ul>
7453**
7454** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7455** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7456** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7457** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7458** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7459** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7460** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7461** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7462** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7463** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7464**
7465** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7466** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7467** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7468** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7469** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7470** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7471** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7472** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7473**
7474** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7475** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7476** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7477** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7478** the same type number.
7479**
7480** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7481** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7482** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7483**
7484** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7485** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7486** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7487** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7488** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7489** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7490** In such cases, the
7491** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7492** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7493** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7494**
7495** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7496** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7497** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7498** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7499** behavior.)^
7500**
7501** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7502** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7503** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7504** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7505**
7506** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7507** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7508** behave as no-ops.
7509**
7510** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7511*/
7512sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7513void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7514void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7515int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7516void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7517
7518/*
7519** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7520**
7521** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7522** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7523**
7524** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7525** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7526** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7527** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7528** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7529** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7530** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7531** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7532** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7533**
7534** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7535** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7536** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7537** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7538**
7539** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7540** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7541** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7542** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7543** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7544** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7545**
7546** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7547** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7548** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7549**
7550** <ul>
7551**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7552**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7553**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7554**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7555**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7556**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7557**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7558** </ul>)^
7559**
7560** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7561** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7562** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7563** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7564** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7565** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7566** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7567**
7568** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7569** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7570** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7571** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7572**
7573** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7574** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7575** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7576** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7577**
7578** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7579** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7580** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7581** prior to returning.
7582*/
7583typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7584struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7585  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7586  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7587  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7588  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7589  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7590  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7591  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7592  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7593  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7594};
7595
7596/*
7597** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7598**
7599** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7600** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7601** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7602** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7603** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7604** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7605** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7606** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7607**
7608** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7609** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7610**
7611** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7612** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7613** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7614** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7615**
7616** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7617** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7618** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7619** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7620** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7621** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7622** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7623** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7624*/
7625#ifndef NDEBUG
7626int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7627int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7628#endif
7629
7630/*
7631** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7632**
7633** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7634** which is one of these integer constants.
7635**
7636** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7637** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7638** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7639*/
7640#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7641#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7642#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
7643#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7644#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7645#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7646#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7647#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7648#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7649#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7650#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7651#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7652#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7653#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7654#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7655#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7656
7657/* Legacy compatibility: */
7658#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7659
7660
7661/*
7662** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7663** METHOD: sqlite3
7664**
7665** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7666** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7667** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7668** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7669** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7670*/
7671sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7672
7673/*
7674** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7675** METHOD: sqlite3
7676** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7677**
7678** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7679** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7680** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7681** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7682** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7683** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7684** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7685** main database file.
7686** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7687** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7688** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7689** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7690**
7691** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7692** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7693** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7694** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7695** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7696** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7697** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7698** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7699** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7700** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7701** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7702** from the pager.
7703**
7704** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7705** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7706** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7707** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7708** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7709** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7710** xFileControl method.
7711**
7712** See also: [file control opcodes]
7713*/
7714int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7715
7716/*
7717** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7718**
7719** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7720** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7721** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7722** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7723**
7724** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7725** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7726** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7727**
7728** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7729** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7730** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7731** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7732*/
7733int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7734
7735/*
7736** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7737**
7738** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7739** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7740**
7741** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7742** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7743** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7744** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7745*/
7746#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7747#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7748#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7749#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
7750#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7751#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7752#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7753#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7754#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7755#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7756#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
7757#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7758#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7759#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7760#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7761#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7762#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7763#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7764#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7765#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7766#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7767#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7768#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7769#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7770#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7771#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
7772#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
7773#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
7774#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
7775#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
7776#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    31  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7777
7778/*
7779** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7780**
7781** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7782** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7783** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7784** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7785**
7786** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7787** keywords understood by SQLite.
7788**
7789** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7790** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7791** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7792** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7793** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7794** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7795** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7796**
7797** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7798** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7799** if it is and zero if not.
7800**
7801** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7802** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7803** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7804** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7805** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7806** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7807** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7808** name collisions include:
7809** <ul>
7810** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7811**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7812** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7813**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7814**      technique.
7815** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7816**      with "Z".
7817** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7818** </ul>
7819**
7820** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7821** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7822** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7823** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7824*/
7825int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7826int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7827int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7828
7829/*
7830** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7831** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7832**
7833** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7834** string under construction.
7835**
7836** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7837** <ol>
7838** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7839** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7840** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7841** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7842** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7843** </ol>
7844*/
7845typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7846
7847/*
7848** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7849** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7850**
7851** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7852** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7853** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7854** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7855**
7856** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7857** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7858** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7859** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7860** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7861** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7862** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7863** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7864** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7865**
7866** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7867** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7868** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7869** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7870** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7871*/
7872sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7873
7874/*
7875** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7876** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7877**
7878** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7879** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7880** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7881** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7882** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7883** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7884** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7885** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7886*/
7887char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7888
7889/*
7890** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7891** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7892**
7893** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7894** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7895**
7896** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7897** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7898** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7899** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7900**
7901** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7902** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7903** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7904** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7905** method instead.
7906**
7907** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7908** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7909**
7910** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7911** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7912** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7913**
7914** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7915** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7916**
7917** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7918** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7919** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7920*/
7921void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7922void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7923void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7924void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7925void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7926void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7927
7928/*
7929** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7930** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7931**
7932** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7933**
7934** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7935** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7936** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7937** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7938** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7939** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7940**
7941** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7942** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7943** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7944** zero-termination byte.
7945**
7946** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7947** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7948** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7949** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7950** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7951** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7952** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7953** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7954** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7955** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7956*/
7957int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7958int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7959char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7960
7961/*
7962** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7963**
7964** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7965** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7966** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7967** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7968** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7969** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7970** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7971** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7972** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7973** value.  For those parameters
7974** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7975** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7976** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7977**
7978** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7979** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7980**
7981** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7982** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7983** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7984**
7985** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7986*/
7987int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7988int sqlite3_status64(
7989  int op,
7990  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7991  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7992  int resetFlag
7993);
7994
7995
7996/*
7997** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7998** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7999**
8000** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8001** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8002**
8003** <dl>
8004** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8005** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8006** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8007** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8008** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8009** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8010** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8011** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8012**
8013** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8014** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8015** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8016** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8017** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8018** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8019**
8020** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8021** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8022** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8023**
8024** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8025** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8026** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8027** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8028** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8029**
8030** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8031** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8032** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8033** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8034** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8035** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8036** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8037** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8038** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8039**
8040** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8041** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8042** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8043** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8044** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8045**
8046** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8047** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8048**
8049** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8050** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8051**
8052** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8053** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8054**
8055** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8056** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8057** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8058** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8059** </dl>
8060**
8061** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8062*/
8063#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8064#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8065#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8066#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8067#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8068#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8069#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8070#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8071#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8072#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8073
8074/*
8075** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8076** METHOD: sqlite3
8077**
8078** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8079** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8080** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8081** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8082** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8083** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8084** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8085** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8086**
8087** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8088** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8089** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8090** reset back down to the current value.
8091**
8092** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8093** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8094**
8095** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8096*/
8097int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8098
8099/*
8100** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8101** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8102**
8103** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8104** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8105**
8106** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8107** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8108** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8109** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8110** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8111**
8112** <dl>
8113** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8114** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8115** checked out.</dd>)^
8116**
8117** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8118** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8119** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8120** the current value is always zero.)^
8121**
8122** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8123** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8124** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8125** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8126** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8127** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8128** the current value is always zero.)^
8129**
8130** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8131** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8132** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8133** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8134** memory already being in use.
8135** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8136** the current value is always zero.)^
8137**
8138** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8139** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8140** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8141** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8142**
8143** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8144** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8145** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8146** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8147** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8148** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8149** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8150** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
8151** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8152** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8153** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
8154**
8155** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8156** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8157** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8158** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8159** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8160** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8161** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8162** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8163**
8164** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8165** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8166** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8167** the database connection.)^
8168** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8169** </dd>
8170**
8171** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8172** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8173** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8174** is always 0.
8175** </dd>
8176**
8177** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8178** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8179** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8180** is always 0.
8181** </dd>
8182**
8183** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8184** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8185** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8186** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8187** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8188** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8189** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8190** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8191** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8192** </dd>
8193**
8194** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8195** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8196** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8197** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8198** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8199** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
8200** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8201** </dd>
8202**
8203** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8204** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8205** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8206** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8207** </dd>
8208** </dl>
8209*/
8210#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
8211#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
8212#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
8213#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
8214#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
8215#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
8216#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
8217#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
8218#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
8219#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
8220#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
8221#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
8222#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
8223#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
8224
8225
8226/*
8227** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
8228** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8229**
8230** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
8231** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
8232** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
8233** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
8234** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
8235** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
8236** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
8237** an index.
8238**
8239** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
8240** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
8241** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
8242** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
8243** to be interrogated.)^
8244** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
8245** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
8246** interface call returns.
8247**
8248** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
8249*/
8250int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
8251
8252/*
8253** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
8254** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
8255**
8256** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
8257** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
8258** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
8259**
8260** <dl>
8261** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
8262** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
8263** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8264** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8265** careful use of indices.</dd>
8266**
8267** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8268** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8269** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8270** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8271**
8272** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8273** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8274** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8275** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8276** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8277** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8278**
8279** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8280** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8281** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8282** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8283** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8284** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8285** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8286**
8287** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8288** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8289** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8290** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8291**
8292** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8293** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8294** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8295** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8296** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8297** cycle.
8298**
8299** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8300** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8301** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8302** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8303** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8304** </dd>
8305** </dl>
8306*/
8307#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8308#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8309#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8310#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8311#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8312#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8313#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8314
8315/*
8316** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8317**
8318** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8319** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8320** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8321** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8322** to the object.
8323**
8324** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8325*/
8326typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8327
8328/*
8329** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8330**
8331** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8332** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8333** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8334** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8335**
8336** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8337*/
8338typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8339struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8340  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8341  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8342};
8343
8344/*
8345** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8346** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8347**
8348** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8349** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8350** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8351** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8352** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8353** By implementing a
8354** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8355** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8356** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8357** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8358** how long.
8359**
8360** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8361** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8362** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8363**
8364** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8365** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8366** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8367** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8368**
8369** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8370** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8371** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8372** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8373** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8374** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8375** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8376** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8377** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8378** page cache.)^
8379**
8380** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8381** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8382** It can be used to clean up
8383** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8384** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8385**
8386** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8387** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8388** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8389** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8390** in multithreaded applications.
8391**
8392** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8393** call to xShutdown().
8394**
8395** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8396** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8397** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8398** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8399** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8400** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8401** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8402** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8403** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8404** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8405** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8406** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8407** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8408** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8409** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8410** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8411** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8412** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8413** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8414** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8415** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8416** never contain any unpinned pages.
8417**
8418** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8419** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8420** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8421** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8422** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8423** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8424** value; it is advisory only.
8425**
8426** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8427** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8428** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8429**
8430** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8431** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8432** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8433** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8434** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8435** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8436** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8437** for each entry in the page cache.
8438**
8439** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8440** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8441** to be "pinned".
8442**
8443** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8444** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8445** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8446** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8447** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8448**
8449** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8450** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8451** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8452** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8453**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8454** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8455**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8456** </table>
8457**
8458** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8459** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8460** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8461** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8462** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8463**
8464** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8465** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8466** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8467** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8468** ^If the discard parameter is
8469** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8470** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8471** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8472**
8473** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8474** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8475** to xFetch().
8476**
8477** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8478** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8479** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8480** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8481** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8482** to be pinned.
8483**
8484** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8485** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8486** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8487** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8488** they can be safely discarded.
8489**
8490** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8491** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8492** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8493** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8494** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8495** functions.
8496**
8497** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8498** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8499** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8500** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8501** do their best.
8502*/
8503typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8504struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8505  int iVersion;
8506  void *pArg;
8507  int (*xInit)(void*);
8508  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8509  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8510  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8511  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8512  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8513  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8514  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8515      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8516  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8517  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8518  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8519};
8520
8521/*
8522** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8523** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8524** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8525*/
8526typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8527struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8528  void *pArg;
8529  int (*xInit)(void*);
8530  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8531  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8532  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8533  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8534  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8535  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8536  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8537  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8538  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8539};
8540
8541
8542/*
8543** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8544**
8545** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8546** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8547** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8548** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8549**
8550** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8551*/
8552typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8553
8554/*
8555** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8556**
8557** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8558** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8559** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8560**
8561** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8562**
8563** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8564** for the duration of the backup operation.
8565** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8566** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8567** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8568** preventing other database connections from
8569** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8570**
8571** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8572**   <ol>
8573**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8574**         backup,
8575**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8576**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8577**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8578**         associated with the backup operation.
8579**   </ol>)^
8580** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8581** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8582**
8583** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8584**
8585** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8586** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8587** and the database name, respectively.
8588** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8589** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8590** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8591** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8592** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8593** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8594** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8595** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8596** an error.
8597**
8598** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8599** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8600** destination database.
8601**
8602** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8603** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8604** destination [database connection] D.
8605** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8606** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8607** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8608** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8609** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8610** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8611** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8612** operation.
8613**
8614** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8615**
8616** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8617** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8618** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8619** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8620** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8621** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8622** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8623** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8624** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8625** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8626** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8627** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8628**
8629** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8630** <ol>
8631** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8632** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8633** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8634** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8635** destination and source page sizes differ.
8636** </ol>)^
8637**
8638** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8639** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8640** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8641** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8642** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8643** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8644** [database connection]
8645** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8646** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8647** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8648** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8649** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8650** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8651** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8652** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8653** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8654**
8655** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8656** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8657** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8658** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8659** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8660** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8661** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8662** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8663** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8664** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8665** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8666** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8667** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8668** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8669** updated at the same time.
8670**
8671** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8672**
8673** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8674** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8675** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8676** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8677** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8678** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8679** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8680** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8681** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8682**
8683** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8684** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8685** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8686** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8687** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8688** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8689**
8690** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8691** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8692** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8693**
8694** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8695** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8696**
8697** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8698** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8699** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8700** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8701** sqlite3_backup_step().
8702** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8703** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8704** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8705** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8706** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8707** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8708**
8709** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8710**
8711** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8712** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8713** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8714** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8715** from within other threads.
8716**
8717** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8718** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8719** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8720** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8721** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8722** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8723** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8724** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8725**
8726** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8727** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8728** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8729** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8730** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8731** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8732**
8733** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8734** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8735** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8736** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8737** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8738** possible that they return invalid values.
8739*/
8740sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8741  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8742  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8743  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8744  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8745);
8746int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8747int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8748int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8749int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8750
8751/*
8752** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8753** METHOD: sqlite3
8754**
8755** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8756** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8757** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8758** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8759** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8760** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8761** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8762** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8763**
8764** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8765**
8766** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8767** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8768**
8769** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8770** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8771** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8772** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8773** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8774** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8775** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8776** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8777** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8778** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
8779**
8780** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8781** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8782** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8783** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8784** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8785**
8786** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8787** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8788** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8789** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8790**
8791** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8792** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8793** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8794** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8795** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8796** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8797** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8798** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8799**
8800** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8801** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8802** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8803**
8804** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8805** returns SQLITE_OK.
8806**
8807** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8808**
8809** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8810** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8811** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8812** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8813** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8814** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8815**
8816** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
8817** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8818** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8819** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8820** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8821** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8822** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8823** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8824**
8825** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8826**
8827** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8828** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8829** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8830** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8831** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8832** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8833** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8834**
8835** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8836** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8837** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8838** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8839** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8840** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8841** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8842** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8843** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8844** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8845** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8846** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8847**
8848** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8849**
8850** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8851** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8852** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8853** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8854** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8855** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8856** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8857** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8858** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8859**
8860** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8861** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8862** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8863** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8864** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8865*/
8866int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8867  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8868  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8869  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8870);
8871
8872
8873/*
8874** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8875**
8876** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8877** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8878** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8879** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8880*/
8881int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8882int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8883
8884/*
8885** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8886*
8887** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8888** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8889** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8890** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8891** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8892** is case sensitive.
8893**
8894** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8895** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8896**
8897** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8898*/
8899int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8900
8901/*
8902** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8903*
8904** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8905** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8906** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8907** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8908** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8909** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8910** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8911** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8912** one another.
8913**
8914** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8915** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8916**
8917** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8918** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8919**
8920** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8921*/
8922int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8923
8924/*
8925** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8926**
8927** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8928** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8929** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8930** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8931**
8932** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8933** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8934** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8935** is considered bad form.
8936**
8937** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8938**
8939** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8940** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8941** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8942** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8943** buffer.
8944*/
8945void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8946
8947/*
8948** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8949** METHOD: sqlite3
8950**
8951** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8952** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8953**
8954** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8955** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8956** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8957**
8958** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8959** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8960** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8961** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8962** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8963** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8964** including those that were just committed.
8965**
8966** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8967** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8968** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8969** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8970** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8971** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8972** are undefined.
8973**
8974** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8975** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8976** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8977** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8978** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8979** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8980*/
8981void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8982  sqlite3*,
8983  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8984  void*
8985);
8986
8987/*
8988** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8989** METHOD: sqlite3
8990**
8991** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8992** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8993** to automatically [checkpoint]
8994** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8995** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8996** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8997** checkpoints entirely.
8998**
8999** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9000** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9001** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9002** configured by this function.
9003**
9004** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9005** from SQL.
9006**
9007** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9008** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9009**
9010** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9011** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9012** pages.  The use of this interface
9013** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9014** for a particular application.
9015*/
9016int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9017
9018/*
9019** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9020** METHOD: sqlite3
9021**
9022** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9023** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9024**
9025** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9026** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9027** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9028** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9029** information.
9030**
9031** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9032** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9033** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9034** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9035** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9036** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9037*/
9038int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9039
9040/*
9041** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9042** METHOD: sqlite3
9043**
9044** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9045** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9046** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9047** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9048**
9049** <dl>
9050** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9051**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9052**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9053**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9054**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9055**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9056**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9057**
9058** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9059**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9060**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9061**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9062**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9063**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9064**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9065**
9066** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9067**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9068**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9069**   [busy-handler callback])
9070**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9071**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9072**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9073**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9074**
9075** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9076**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9077**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9078**   to a successful return.
9079** </dl>
9080**
9081** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9082** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9083** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9084** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9085** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9086** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9087** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9088** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9089** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9090**
9091** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9092** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9093** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9094** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9095**
9096** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9097** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9098** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9099** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9100** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9101** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9102** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9103** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9104** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9105** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9106**
9107** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9108** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9109** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9110** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9111** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9112** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9113** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9114** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9115** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9116** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9117** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9118**
9119** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9120** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9121** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9122** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9123**
9124** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9125** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9126** sets the error information that is queried by
9127** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9128**
9129** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9130** from SQL.
9131*/
9132int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9133  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9134  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9135  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9136  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9137  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9138);
9139
9140/*
9141** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9142** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9143**
9144** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9145** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9146** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9147** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9148*/
9149#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9150#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9151#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
9152#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9153
9154/*
9155** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9156**
9157** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9158** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9159** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9160**
9161** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9162** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9163**
9164** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9165** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9166** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9167** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9168** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9169** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9170** is used.
9171*/
9172int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9173
9174/*
9175** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9176** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9177** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9178**
9179** These macros define the various options to the
9180** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9181** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9182**
9183** <dl>
9184** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9185** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
9186** <dd>Calls of the form
9187** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
9188** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
9189** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
9190** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
9191** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
9192** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
9193** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
9194** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
9195**
9196** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
9197** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
9198** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
9199** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
9200** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
9201** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
9202** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
9203** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
9204** had been ABORT.
9205**
9206** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
9207** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
9208** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
9209** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
9210** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
9211** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
9212** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
9213** constraint handling.
9214** </dd>
9215**
9216** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
9217** <dd>Calls of the form
9218** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
9219** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9220** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
9221** views.
9222** </dd>
9223**
9224** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
9225** <dd>Calls of the form
9226** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
9227** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9228** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
9229** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
9230** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
9231** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
9232** flag unless absolutely necessary.
9233** </dd>
9234** </dl>
9235*/
9236#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
9237#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
9238#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
9239
9240/*
9241** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
9242**
9243** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
9244** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
9245** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
9246** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9247** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
9248** [virtual table].
9249*/
9250int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
9251
9252/*
9253** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
9254**
9255** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
9256** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
9257** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
9258** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
9259** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
9260** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
9261** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
9262**
9263** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
9264** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
9265** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
9266** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
9267** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
9268** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
9269**
9270** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
9271** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
9272** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
9273** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
9274** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
9275*/
9276int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
9277
9278/*
9279** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
9280**
9281** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
9282** method of a [virtual table].
9283**
9284** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
9285** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
9286** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
9287** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
9288** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
9289** constraint.
9290*/
9291SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9292
9293/*
9294** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
9295** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
9296**
9297** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
9298** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9299** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9300**
9301** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9302** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9303** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9304*/
9305#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9306/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9307#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9308/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9309#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9310
9311/*
9312** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9313** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9314**
9315** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9316** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9317** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9318**
9319** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9320** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9321** S is finalized.
9322**
9323** <dl>
9324** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9325** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9326** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9327**
9328** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9329** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9330** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9331**
9332** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9333** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9334** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9335** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9336** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9337** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9338** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9339**
9340** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9341** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9342** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9343** used for the X-th loop.
9344**
9345** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9346** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9347** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9348** description for the X-th loop.
9349**
9350** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9351** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9352** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9353** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9354** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9355** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9356** </dl>
9357*/
9358#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9359#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9360#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9361#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9362#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9363#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9364
9365/*
9366** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9367** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9368**
9369** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9370** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9371** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9372** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9373**
9374** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9375** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9376** compile-time option.
9377**
9378** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9379** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9380** of this interface is undefined.
9381** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9382** the "pOut" parameter.
9383** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9384** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9385** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9386** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9387** points to is unchanged.
9388**
9389** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9390** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9391** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9392** that pOut points to unchanged.
9393**
9394** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9395*/
9396int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9397  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9398  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9399  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9400  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9401);
9402
9403/*
9404** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9405** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9406**
9407** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9408**
9409** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9410** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9411*/
9412void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9413
9414/*
9415** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9416** METHOD: sqlite3
9417**
9418** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9419** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9420** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9421** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9422** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9423** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9424** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9425** any [attached] databases.
9426**
9427** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9428** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9429** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9430** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9431** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9432** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9433** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9434** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9435**
9436** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9437** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9438** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9439**
9440** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9441**
9442** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9443** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9444*/
9445int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9446
9447/*
9448** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9449** METHOD: sqlite3
9450**
9451** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9452** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9453**
9454** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
9455** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
9456** on a database table.
9457** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
9458** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
9459** the previous setting.
9460** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
9461** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
9462** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
9463** the first parameter to callbacks.
9464**
9465** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
9466** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
9467** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
9468**
9469** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
9470** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
9471** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
9472** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
9473** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
9474** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9475** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
9476** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
9477** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
9478** databases.)^
9479** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9480** table that is being modified.
9481**
9482** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
9483** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
9484** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
9485** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
9486** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
9487** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
9488** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
9489** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
9490** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
9491**
9492** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
9493** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
9494** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
9495** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
9496** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
9497** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
9498** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
9499** behavior.
9500**
9501** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
9502** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
9503**
9504** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9505** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9506** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9507** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9508** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
9509** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
9510** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9511** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9512**
9513** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9514** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9515** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9516** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9517** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9518** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9519** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9520** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9521**
9522** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9523** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9524** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9525** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9526** triggers; and so forth.
9527**
9528** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9529*/
9530#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9531void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9532  sqlite3 *db,
9533  void(*xPreUpdate)(
9534    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9535    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9536    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9537    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9538    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9539    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9540    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9541  ),
9542  void*
9543);
9544int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9545int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9546int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9547int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9548#endif
9549
9550/*
9551** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9552** METHOD: sqlite3
9553**
9554** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9555** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9556** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9557** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9558** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9559** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9560*/
9561int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9562
9563/*
9564** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9565** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9566**
9567** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9568** database for some specific point in history.
9569**
9570** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9571** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9572** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9573** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9574** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9575** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9576** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9577**
9578** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9579** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9580** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9581** the most recent version.
9582*/
9583typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9584  unsigned char hidden[48];
9585} sqlite3_snapshot;
9586
9587/*
9588** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9589** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9590**
9591** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9592** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9593** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9594** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9595** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9596** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9597** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9598**
9599** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9600** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9601** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9602** in this case.
9603**
9604** <ul>
9605**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9606**
9607**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9608**
9609**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9610**        connection D.
9611**
9612**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9613**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9614**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9615**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9616**        must be written to it first.
9617** </ul>
9618**
9619** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9620** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9621** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9622**
9623** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9624** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9625** to avoid a memory leak.
9626**
9627** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9628** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9629*/
9630SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9631  sqlite3 *db,
9632  const char *zSchema,
9633  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9634);
9635
9636/*
9637** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9638** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9639**
9640** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9641** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9642** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9643** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9644** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9645** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9646**
9647** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9648** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9649** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9650** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9651** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9652** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9653** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9654**
9655** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9656** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9657** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9658**
9659** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9660** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9661** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9662** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9663** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9664** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9665** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9666**
9667** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9668** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9669** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9670** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9671** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9672** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9673** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9674** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9675**
9676** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9677** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9678*/
9679SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9680  sqlite3 *db,
9681  const char *zSchema,
9682  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9683);
9684
9685/*
9686** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9687** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9688**
9689** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9690** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9691** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9692**
9693** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9694** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9695*/
9696SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9697
9698/*
9699** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9700** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9701**
9702** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9703** of two valid snapshot handles.
9704**
9705** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9706** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9707**
9708** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9709** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9710** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9711** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9712** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9713** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9714** is undefined.
9715**
9716** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9717** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9718** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9719**
9720** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9721** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9722*/
9723SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9724  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9725  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9726);
9727
9728/*
9729** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9730** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9731**
9732** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9733** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9734** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9735** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9736** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9737** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9738** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9739**
9740** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9741** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9742** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9743** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9744** database.
9745**
9746** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9747**
9748** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9749** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9750*/
9751SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9752
9753/*
9754** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9755**
9756** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9757** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9758** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9759** is written into *P.
9760**
9761** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9762** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9763** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9764** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9765**
9766** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9767** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9768** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9769** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9770** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9771** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9772** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9773** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9774** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9775** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9776** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9777** values of D and S.
9778** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9779** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9780** of the database exists.
9781**
9782** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9783** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9784** allocation error occurs.
9785**
9786** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9787** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9788*/
9789unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9790  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9791  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9792  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9793  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9794);
9795
9796/*
9797** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9798**
9799** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9800** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9801**
9802** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9803** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9804** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9805** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9806** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9807** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9808** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9809*/
9810#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9811
9812/*
9813** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9814**
9815** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9816** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9817** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9818** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9819** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9820** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9821** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9822** size does not exceed M bytes.
9823**
9824** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9825** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9826** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9827** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9828** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9829**
9830** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9831** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9832** operation.
9833**
9834** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9835** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9836** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9837**
9838** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9839** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9840*/
9841int sqlite3_deserialize(
9842  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9843  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9844  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9845  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9846  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9847  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9848);
9849
9850/*
9851** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9852**
9853** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9854** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9855**
9856** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9857** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9858** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9859** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9860** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9861**
9862** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9863** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9864** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9865** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9866** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9867**
9868** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9869** should be treated as read-only.
9870*/
9871#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9872#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9873#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9874
9875/*
9876** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9877** builds on processors without floating point support.
9878*/
9879#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9880# undef double
9881#endif
9882
9883#ifdef __cplusplus
9884}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9885#endif
9886#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9887