xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 8503d645)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#endif
193
194/*
195** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196**
197** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200**
201** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207**
208** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212**
213** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216**
217** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227**
228** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229*/
230int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231
232/*
233** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235**
236** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241** interfaces (such as
242** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244** sqlite3 object.
245*/
246typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247
248/*
249** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251**
252** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254**
255** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257** compatibility only.
258**
259** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263*/
264#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268# else
269    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270# endif
271#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274#else
275  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277#endif
278typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280
281/*
282** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283** substitute integer for floating-point.
284*/
285#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286# define double sqlite3_int64
287#endif
288
289/*
290** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292**
293** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294** for the [sqlite3] object.
295** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297** resources are deallocated.
298**
299** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309**
310** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319**
320** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322**
323** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324** must be either a NULL
325** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329** argument is a harmless no-op.
330*/
331int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333
334/*
335** The type for a callback function.
336** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337** compatibility and is not documented.
338*/
339typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340
341/*
342** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343** METHOD: sqlite3
344**
345** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348** without having to use a lot of C code.
349**
350** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359** ignored.
360**
361** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371** NULL before returning.
372**
373** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376**
377** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386**
387** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390** is not changed.
391**
392** Restrictions:
393**
394** <ul>
395** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396**      is a valid and open [database connection].
397** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401** </ul>
402*/
403int sqlite3_exec(
404  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409);
410
411/*
412** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414**
415** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417**
418** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419**
420** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421*/
422#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423/* beginning-of-error-codes */
424#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454/* end-of-error-codes */
455
456/*
457** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459**
460** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465** and later) include
466** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468** on a per database connection basis using the
469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470** the most recent error can be obtained using
471** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472*/
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
507#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
508#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
509#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
515#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
516#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
517#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
518#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
519#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
520#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
521#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
522#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
524#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
525#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
526#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
527#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
528#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
532#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
533#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
534#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
535#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
536#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
537
538/*
539** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
540**
541** These bit values are intended for use in the
542** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
543** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
544*/
545#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
546#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
565
566/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
567
568/*
569** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
570**
571** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
572** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
573** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
574** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
575** refers to.
576**
577** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
578** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
579** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
580** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
581** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
582** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
583** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
584** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
585** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
586** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
587** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
588** file that were written at the application level might have changed
589** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
590** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
591** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
592** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
593** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
594** elevated privileges.
595**
596** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
597** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
598** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
599** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
600*/
601#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
602#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
603#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
604#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
605#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
606#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
607#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
608#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
609#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
616
617/*
618** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
619**
620** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
621** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
622** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
623*/
624#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
625#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
626#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
627#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
628#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
629
630/*
631** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
632**
633** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
634** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
635** these integer values as the second argument.
636**
637** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
638** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
639** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
640** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
641** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
642** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
643**
644** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
645** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
646** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
647** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
648** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
649** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
650** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
651** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
652** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
653** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
654** cares about the difference.)
655*/
656#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
657#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
658#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
659
660/*
661** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
662**
663** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
664** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
665** implementations will
666** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
667** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
668** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
669** I/O operations on the open file.
670*/
671typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
672struct sqlite3_file {
673  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
674};
675
676/*
677** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
678**
679** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
680** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
681** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
682** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
683** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
684**
685** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
686** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
687** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
688** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
689** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
690** to NULL.
691**
692** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
693** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
694** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
695** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
696** and not its inode needs to be synced.
697**
698** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
699** <ul>
700** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
701** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
702** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
703** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
704** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
705** </ul>
706** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
707** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
708** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
709** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
710** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
711**
712** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
713** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
714** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
715** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
716** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
717** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
718** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
719** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
720** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
721** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
722** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
723** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
724** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
725** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
726** recognize.
727**
728** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
729** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
730** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
731** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
732** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
733** underlying device:
734**
735** <ul>
736** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
737** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
738** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
739** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
740** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
741** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
742** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
743** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
744** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
751** </ul>
752**
753** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
754** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
755** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
756** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
757** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
758** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
759** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
760** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
761** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
762** to xWrite().
763**
764** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
765** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
766** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
767** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
768** database corruption.
769*/
770typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
771struct sqlite3_io_methods {
772  int iVersion;
773  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
774  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
775  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
776  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
777  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
778  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
779  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
780  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
781  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
782  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
783  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
784  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
785  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
786  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
787  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
788  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
789  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
790  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
791  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
792  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
793  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
794  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
795};
796
797/*
798** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
799** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
800**
801** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
802** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
803** interface.
804**
805** <ul>
806** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
807** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
808** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
809** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
810** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
811** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
812** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
813** compile-time option is used.
814**
815** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
816** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
817** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
818** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
819** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
820** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
821** file run faster.
822**
823** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
824** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
825** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
826** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
827** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
828** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
829** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
830** improve performance on some systems.
831**
832** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
833** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
834** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
835** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
836**
837** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
838** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
839** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
840** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
841** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
842**
843** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
844** No longer in use.
845**
846** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
847** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
848** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
849** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
850** because the user has configured SQLite with
851** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
852** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
853** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
854** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
855** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
856** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
857** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
858** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
859**
860** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
861** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
862** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
863** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
864** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
865** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
866** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
867**
868** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
869** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
870** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
871** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
872** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
873** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
874** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
875** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
876** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
877** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
878** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
879** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
880** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
881** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
882** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
883** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
884**
885** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
886** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
887** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
888** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
889** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
890** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
891** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
892** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
893** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
894** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
895** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
896** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
897** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
898** WAL persistence setting.
899**
900** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
901** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
902** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
903** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
904** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
905** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
906** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
907** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
908** zero-damage mode setting.
909**
910** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
911** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
912** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
913** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
914** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
915**
916** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
917** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
918** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
919** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
920** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
921** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
922** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
923** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
924** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
925** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
926** is intended for diagnostic use only.
927**
928** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
929** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
930** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
931** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
932** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
933** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
934** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
935** upper-most shim only.
936**
937** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
938** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
939** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
940** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
941** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
942** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
943** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
944** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
945** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
946** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
947** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
948** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
949** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
950** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
951** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
952** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
953** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
954** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
955** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
956** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
957** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
958** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
959** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
960** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
961**
962** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
963** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
964** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
965** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
966** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
967** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
968** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
969** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
970** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
971** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
972** current operation.
973**
974** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
975** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
976** to have SQLite generate a
977** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
978** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
979** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
980** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
981** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
982**
983** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
984** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
985** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
986** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
987** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
988** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
989** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
990** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
991** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
992**
993** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
994** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
995** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
996** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
997** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
998** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
999** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1000**
1001** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1002** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1003** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1004** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1005** was first opened.
1006**
1007** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1008** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1009** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1010** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1011** writes the resulting value there.
1012**
1013** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1014** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1015** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1016** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1017** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1018**
1019** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1020** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1021** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1022** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1023** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1024** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1025**
1026** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1027** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1028** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1029**
1030** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1031** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1032** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1033** this opcode.
1034**
1035** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1036** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1037** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1038** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1039** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1040** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1041** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1042** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1043** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1044** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1045** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1046** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1047**
1048** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1049** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1050** operations since the previous successful call to
1051** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1052** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1053** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1054** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1055** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1056** write operations are independent.
1057** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1058** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1059**
1060** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1061** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1062** operations since the previous successful call to
1063** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1064** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1065** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1066** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1067** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1068** </ul>
1069*/
1070#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1071#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1072#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1073#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1074#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1075#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1076#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1077#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1078#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1079#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1080#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1081#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1082#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1083#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1084#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1085#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1086#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1087#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1088#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1089#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1090#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1091#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1092#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1093#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1094#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1095#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1096#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1097#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1098#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1099#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1100#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1101#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1102
1103/* deprecated names */
1104#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1105#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1106#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1107
1108
1109/*
1110** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1111**
1112** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1113** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1114** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1115** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1116**
1117** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1118*/
1119typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1120
1121/*
1122** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1123**
1124** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1125** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1126** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1127** on some platforms.
1128*/
1129typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1130
1131/*
1132** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1133**
1134** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1135** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1136** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1137** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1138**
1139** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1140** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1141** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1142** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1143** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1144** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1145** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1146** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1147** Note that the structure
1148** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1149** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1150** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1151**
1152** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1153** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1154** a pathname in this VFS.
1155**
1156** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1157** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1158** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1159** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1160** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1161** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1162**
1163** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1164** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1165** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1166** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1167** object once the object has been registered.
1168**
1169** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1170** be unique across all VFS modules.
1171**
1172** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1173** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1174** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1175** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1176** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1177** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1178** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1179** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1180** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1181** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1182** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1183** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1184** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1185** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1186** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1187** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1188**
1189** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1190** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1191** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1192** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1193** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1194** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1195**
1196** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1197** call, depending on the object being opened:
1198**
1199** <ul>
1200** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1201** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1202** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1203** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1204** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1205** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1206** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1207** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1208** </ul>)^
1209**
1210** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1211** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1212** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1213** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1214** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1215** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1216** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1217** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1218**
1219** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1220**
1221** <ul>
1222** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1223** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1224** </ul>
1225**
1226** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1227** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1228** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1229** databases, and subjournals.
1230**
1231** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1232** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1233** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1234** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1235** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1236** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1237** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1238** for exclusive access.
1239**
1240** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1241** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1242** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1243** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1244** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1245** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1246** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1247** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1248** or failure of the xOpen call.
1249**
1250** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1251** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1252** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1253** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1254** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1255** directory.
1256**
1257** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1258** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1259** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1260** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1261** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1262** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1263**
1264** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1265** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1266** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1267** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1268** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1269** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1270** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1271** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1272** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1273** a floating point value.
1274** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1275** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1276** a 24-hour day).
1277** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1278** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1279** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1280** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1281**
1282** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1283** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1284** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1285** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1286** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1287** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1288** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1289** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1290** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1291** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1292** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1293*/
1294typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1295typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1296struct sqlite3_vfs {
1297  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1298  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1299  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1300  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1301  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1302  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1303  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1304               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1305  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1306  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1307  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1308  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1309  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1310  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1311  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1312  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1313  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1314  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1315  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1316  /*
1317  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1318  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1319  */
1320  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1321  /*
1322  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1323  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1324  */
1325  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1326  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1327  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1328  /*
1329  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1330  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1331  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1332  */
1333};
1334
1335/*
1336** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1337**
1338** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1339** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1340** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1341** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1342** simply checks whether the file exists.
1343** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1344** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1345** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1346** the directory).
1347** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1348** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1349** release of SQLite.
1350** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1351** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1352** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1353** SQLite.
1354*/
1355#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1356#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1357#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1358
1359/*
1360** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1361**
1362** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1363** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1364** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1365** xShmLock method:
1366**
1367** <ul>
1368** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1369** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1370** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1371** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1372** </ul>
1373**
1374** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1375** was given on the corresponding lock.
1376**
1377** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1378** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1379** and EXCLUSIVE.
1380*/
1381#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1382#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1383#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1384#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1385
1386/*
1387** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1388**
1389** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1390** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1391** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1392** lock outside of this range
1393*/
1394#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1395
1396
1397/*
1398** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1399**
1400** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1401** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1402** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1403** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1404** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1405** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1406**
1407** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1408** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1409** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1410** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1411** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1412** are harmless no-ops.)^
1413**
1414** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1415** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1416** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1417** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1418**
1419** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1420** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1421** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1422** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1423** sqlite3_shutdown().
1424**
1425** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1426** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1427** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1428**
1429** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1430** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1431** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1432** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1433**
1434** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1435** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1436** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1437** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1438** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1439** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1440** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1441** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1442** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1443** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1444** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1445** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1446** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1447** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1448**
1449** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1450** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1451** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1452** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1453** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1454** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1455** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1456**
1457** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1458** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1459** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1460** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1461** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1462** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1463** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1464** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1465** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1466** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1467** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1468** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1469** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1470** failure.
1471*/
1472int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1473int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1474int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1475int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1476
1477/*
1478** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1479**
1480** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1481** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1482** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1483** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1484** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1485**
1486** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1487** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1488** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1489**
1490** The sqlite3_config() interface
1491** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1492** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1493** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1494** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1495** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1496** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1497**
1498** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1499** [configuration option] that determines
1500** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1501** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1502** in the first argument.
1503**
1504** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1505** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1506** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1507*/
1508int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1509
1510/*
1511** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1512** METHOD: sqlite3
1513**
1514** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1515** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1516** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1517** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1518**
1519** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1520** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1521** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1522** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1523**
1524** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1525** the call is considered successful.
1526*/
1527int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1528
1529/*
1530** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1531**
1532** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1533** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1534**
1535** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1536** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1537** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1538** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1539** By creating an instance of this object
1540** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1541** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1542** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1543** dynamic memory needs.
1544**
1545** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1546** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1547** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1548** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1549** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1550** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1551** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1552** conditions.
1553**
1554** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1555** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1556** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1557** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1558**
1559** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1560** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1561** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1562**
1563** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1564** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1565** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1566** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1567** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1568** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1569** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1570**
1571** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1572** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1573** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1574** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1575** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1576** xInit and xShutdown.
1577**
1578** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1579** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1580** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1581** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1582** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1583** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1584** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1585** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1586** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1587** serialization.
1588**
1589** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1590** call to xShutdown().
1591*/
1592typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1593struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1594  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1595  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1596  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1597  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1598  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1599  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1600  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1601  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1602};
1603
1604/*
1605** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1606** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1607**
1608** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1609** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1610**
1611** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1612** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1613** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1614** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1615** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1616** is invoked.
1617**
1618** <dl>
1619** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1620** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1621** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1622** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1623** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1624** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1625** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1626** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1627** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1628** configuration option.</dd>
1629**
1630** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1631** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1632** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1633** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1634** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1635** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1636** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1637** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1638** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1639** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1640** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1641** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1642** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1643**
1644** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1645** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1646** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1647** all mutexes including the recursive
1648** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1649** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1650** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1651** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1652** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1653** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1654** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1655** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1656** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1657** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1658** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1659**
1660** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1661** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1662** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1663** The argument specifies
1664** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1665** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1666** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1667** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1668**
1669** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1670** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1671** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1672** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1673** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1674** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1675** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1676** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1677**
1678** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1679** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1680** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1681** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1682** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1683** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1684** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1685** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1686** </dd>
1687**
1688** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1689** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1690** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1691** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1692** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1693**   <ul>
1694**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1695**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1696**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1697**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1698**   </ul>)^
1699** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1700** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1701** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1702** </dd>
1703**
1704** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1705** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1706** </dd>
1707**
1708** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1709** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1710** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1711** cache implementation.
1712** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1713** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1714** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1715** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1716** and the number of cache lines (N).
1717** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1718** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1719** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1720** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1721** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1722** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1723** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1724** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1725** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1726** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1727** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1728** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1729** is exhausted.
1730** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1731** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1732** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1733** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1734** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1735** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1736** additional cache line. </dd>
1737**
1738** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1739** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1740** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1741** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1742** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1743** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1744** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1745** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1746** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1747** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1748** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1749** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1750** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1751** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1752** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1753** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1754** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1755** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1756** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1757**
1758** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1759** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1760** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1761** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1762** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1763** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1764** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1765** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1766** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1767** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1768** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1769**
1770** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1771** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1772** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1773** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1774** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1775** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1776** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1777** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1778** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1779** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1780** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1781** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1782**
1783** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1784** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1785** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1786** The first argument is the
1787** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1788** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1789** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1790** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1791** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1792**
1793** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1794** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1795** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1796** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1797** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1798**
1799** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1800** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1801** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1802** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1803**
1804** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1805** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1806** global [error log].
1807** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1808** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1809** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1810** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1811** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1812** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1813** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1814** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1815** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1816** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1817** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1818** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1819** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1820** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1821** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1822** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1823**
1824** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1825** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1826** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1827** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1828** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1829** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1830** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1831** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1832** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1833** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1834** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1835** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1836** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1837**
1838** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1839** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1840** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1841** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1842** ^The default setting is determined
1843** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1844** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1845** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1846** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1847** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1848** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1849** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1850**
1851** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1852** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1853** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1854** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1855** </dd>
1856**
1857** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1858** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1859** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1860** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1861** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1862** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1863** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1864** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1865** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1866** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1867** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1868** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1869** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1870** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1871** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1872** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1873**
1874** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1875** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1876** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1877** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1878** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1879** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1880** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1881** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1882** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1883** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1884** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1885** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1886** changed to its compile-time default.
1887**
1888** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1889** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1890** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1891** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1892** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1893** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1894**
1895** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1896** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1897** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1898** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1899** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1900** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1901** target platform, and SQLite version.
1902**
1903** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1904** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1905** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1906** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1907** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1908** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1909** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1910** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1911** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1912** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1913**
1914** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1915** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1916** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1917** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1918** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1919** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1920** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1921** exclusively in memory.
1922** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1923** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1924** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1925** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1926** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1927** </dl>
1928*/
1929#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1930#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1931#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1932#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1933#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1934#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1935#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1936#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1937#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1938#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1939#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1940/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1941#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1942#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1943#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1944#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1945#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1946#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1947#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1948#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1949#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1950#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1951#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1952#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1953#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1954#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1955#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
1956
1957/*
1958** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1959**
1960** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1961** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1962**
1963** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1964** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1965** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1966** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1967** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1968** is invoked.
1969**
1970** <dl>
1971** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1972** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1973** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1974** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1975** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1976** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1977** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1978** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1979** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1980** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1981** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1982** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1983** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1984** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1985** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1986** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1987** when the "current value" returned by
1988** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1989** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1990** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1991** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1992**
1993** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1994** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1995** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1996** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1997** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1998** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1999** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2000** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2001** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2002**
2003** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2004** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2005** There should be two additional arguments.
2006** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2007** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2008** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2009** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2010** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2011** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2012**
2013** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2014** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2015** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2016** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2017** There should be two additional arguments.
2018** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2019** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2020** unchanged.
2021** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2022** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2023** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2024** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2025**
2026** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2027** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2028** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2029** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2030** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2031** There should be two additional arguments.
2032** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2033** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2034** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2035** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2036** C-API or the SQL function.
2037** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2038** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2039** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2040** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2041** </dd>
2042**
2043** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2044** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2045** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2046** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2047** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2048** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2049** until after the database connection closes.
2050** </dd>
2051**
2052** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2053** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2054** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2055** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2056** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2057** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2058** is an integer - non-zero to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2059** default) to enable them. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2060** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2061** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2062** </dd>
2063** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2064** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2065** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2066** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2067** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2068** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2069** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2070** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2071** was used during testing in the lab.
2072** </dd>
2073** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2074** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2075** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2076** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2077** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2078** non-zero to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it.
2079** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2080** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2081** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2082** </dd>
2083** </dl>
2084*/
2085#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2086#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2087#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2088#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2089#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2090#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2091#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2092#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2093#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2094#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2095
2096/*
2097** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2098** METHOD: sqlite3
2099**
2100** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2101** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2102** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2103*/
2104int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2105
2106/*
2107** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2108** METHOD: sqlite3
2109**
2110** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2111** has a unique 64-bit signed
2112** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2113** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2114** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2115** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2116** is another alias for the rowid.
2117**
2118** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2119** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2120** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2121** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2122** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2123** zero.
2124**
2125** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2126** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2127** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2128**
2129** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2130** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2131** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2132** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2133** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2134** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2135** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2136** control to the user.
2137**
2138** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2139** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2140** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2141** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2142**
2143** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2144** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2145** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2146** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2147** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2148** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2149** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2150** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2151** the return value of this interface.)^
2152**
2153** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2154** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2155**
2156** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2157** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2158**
2159** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2160** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2161** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2162** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2163** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2164** last insert [rowid].
2165*/
2166sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2167
2168/*
2169** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2170** METHOD: sqlite3
2171**
2172** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2173** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2174** without inserting a row into the database.
2175*/
2176void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2177
2178/*
2179** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2180** METHOD: sqlite3
2181**
2182** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2183** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2184** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2185** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2186** returned by this function.
2187**
2188** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2189** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2190** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2191**
2192** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2193** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2194** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2195** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2196** tables are counted.
2197**
2198** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2199** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2200** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2201** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2202**
2203** <ul>
2204**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2205**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2206**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2207**
2208**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2209**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2210**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2211**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2212**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2213** </ul>
2214**
2215** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2216** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2217** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2218** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2219** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2220** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2221**
2222** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2223** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2224**
2225** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2226** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2227** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2228*/
2229int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2230
2231/*
2232** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2233** METHOD: sqlite3
2234**
2235** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2236** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2237** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2238** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2239** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2240**
2241** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2242** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2243** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2244** are not counted.
2245**
2246** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2247** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2248**
2249** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2250** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2251** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2252*/
2253int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2254
2255/*
2256** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2257** METHOD: sqlite3
2258**
2259** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2260** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2261** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2262** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2263** immediately.
2264**
2265** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2266** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2267** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2268** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2269**
2270** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2271** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2272** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2273**
2274** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2275** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2276** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2277** will be rolled back automatically.
2278**
2279** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2280** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2281** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2282** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2283** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2284** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2285** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2286** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2287** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2288** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2289*/
2290void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2291
2292/*
2293** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2294**
2295** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2296** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2297** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2298** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2299** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2300** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2301** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2302** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2303** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2304** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2305** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2306**
2307** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2308** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2309**
2310** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2311** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2312**
2313** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2314** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2315** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2316** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2317** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2318**
2319** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2320** UTF-8 string.
2321**
2322** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2323** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2324*/
2325int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2326int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2327
2328/*
2329** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2330** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2331** METHOD: sqlite3
2332**
2333** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2334** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2335** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2336** [database connection] D when another thread
2337** or process has the table locked.
2338** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2339** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2340**
2341** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2342** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2343** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2344**
2345** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2346** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2347** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2348** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2349** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2350** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2351** to the application.
2352** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2353** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2354**
2355** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2356** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2357** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2358** to the application instead of invoking the
2359** busy handler.
2360** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2361** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2362** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2363** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2364** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2365** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2366** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2367** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2368** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2369** the second process to proceed.
2370**
2371** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2372**
2373** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2374** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2375** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2376** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2377** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2378**
2379** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2380** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2381** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2382** result in undefined behavior.
2383**
2384** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2385** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2386*/
2387int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2388
2389/*
2390** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2391** METHOD: sqlite3
2392**
2393** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2394** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2395** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2396** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2397** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2398** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2399**
2400** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2401** turns off all busy handlers.
2402**
2403** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2404** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2405** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2406** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2407**
2408** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2409*/
2410int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2411
2412/*
2413** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2414** METHOD: sqlite3
2415**
2416** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2417** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2418**
2419** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2420** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2421** complete query results from one or more queries.
2422**
2423** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2424** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2425** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2426** and M be the number of columns.
2427**
2428** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2429** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2430** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2431** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2432** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2433** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2434**
2435** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2436** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2437** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2438**
2439** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2440** is as follows:
2441**
2442** <blockquote><pre>
2443**        Name        | Age
2444**        -----------------------
2445**        Alice       | 43
2446**        Bob         | 28
2447**        Cindy       | 21
2448** </pre></blockquote>
2449**
2450** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2451** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2452** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2453**
2454** <blockquote><pre>
2455**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2456**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2457**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2458**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2459**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2460**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2461**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2462**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2463** </pre></blockquote>)^
2464**
2465** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2466** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2467** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2468** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2469**
2470** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2471** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2472** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2473** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2474** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2475** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2476**
2477** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2478** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2479** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2480** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2481** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2482** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2483** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2484*/
2485int sqlite3_get_table(
2486  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2487  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2488  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2489  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2490  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2491  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2492);
2493void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2494
2495/*
2496** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2497**
2498** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2499** from the standard C library.
2500** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2501** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2502** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2503** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2504**
2505** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2506** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2507** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2508** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2509** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2510** memory to hold the resulting string.
2511**
2512** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2513** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2514** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2515** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2516** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2517** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2518** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2519** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2520** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2521** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2522** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2523** now without breaking compatibility.
2524**
2525** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2526** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2527** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2528** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2529** written will be n-1 characters.
2530**
2531** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2532**
2533** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2534** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2535** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2536** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2537**
2538** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2539** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2540** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2541** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2542** the string.
2543**
2544** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2545**
2546** <blockquote><pre>
2547**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2548** </pre></blockquote>
2549**
2550** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2551**
2552** <blockquote><pre>
2553**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2554**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2555**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2556** </pre></blockquote>
2557**
2558** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2559** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2560**
2561** <blockquote><pre>
2562**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2563** </pre></blockquote>
2564**
2565** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2566** would have looked like this:
2567**
2568** <blockquote><pre>
2569**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2570** </pre></blockquote>
2571**
2572** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2573** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2574**
2575** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2576** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2577** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2578** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2579**
2580** <blockquote><pre>
2581**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2582**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2583**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2584** </pre></blockquote>
2585**
2586** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2587** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2588**
2589** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2590** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2591** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2592** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2593** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2594**
2595** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2596** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2597** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2598*/
2599char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2600char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2601char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2602char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2603
2604/*
2605** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2606**
2607** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2608** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2609** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2610** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2611**
2612** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2613** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2614** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2615** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2616** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2617** a NULL pointer.
2618**
2619** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2620** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2621** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2622**
2623** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2624** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2625** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2626** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2627** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2628** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2629** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2630** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2631** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2632** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2633**
2634** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2635** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2636** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2637** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2638** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2639** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2640** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2641** sqlite3_free(X).
2642** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2643** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2644** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2645** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2646** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2647** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2648** prior allocation is not freed.
2649**
2650** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2651** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2652** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2653**
2654** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2655** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2656** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2657** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2658** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2659** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2660** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2661** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2662** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2663**
2664** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2665** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2666** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2667** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2668** option is used.
2669**
2670** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2671** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2672** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2673** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2674**
2675** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2676** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2677** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2678** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2679** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2680** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2681** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2682**
2683** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2684** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2685** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2686** not yet been released.
2687**
2688** The application must not read or write any part of
2689** a block of memory after it has been released using
2690** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2691*/
2692void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2693void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2694void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2695void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2696void sqlite3_free(void*);
2697sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2698
2699/*
2700** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2701**
2702** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2703** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2704** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2705**
2706** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2707** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2708** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2709** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2710** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2711** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2712** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2713** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2714** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2715**
2716** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2717** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2718** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2719** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2720** prior to the reset.
2721*/
2722sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2723sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2724
2725/*
2726** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2727**
2728** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2729** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2730** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2731** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2732** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2733**
2734** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2735** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2736**
2737** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2738** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2739** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2740** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2741** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2742** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2743** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2744** method.
2745*/
2746void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2747
2748/*
2749** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2750** METHOD: sqlite3
2751** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2752**
2753** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2754** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2755** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2756** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2757** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2758** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2759** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2760** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2761** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2762** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2763** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2764** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2765** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2766** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2767** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2768** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2769**
2770** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2771** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2772** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2773** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2774** access is denied.
2775**
2776** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2777** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2778** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2779** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2780** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2781** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2782** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2783** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2784**
2785** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2786** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2787** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2788** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2789** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2790** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2791** columns of a table.
2792** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2793** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2794** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2795** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2796** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2797** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2798** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2799**
2800** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2801** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2802** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2803** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2804** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2805** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2806** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2807** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2808** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2809** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2810**
2811** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2812** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2813** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2814** in addition to using an authorizer.
2815**
2816** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2817** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2818** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2819** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2820**
2821** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2822** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2823** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2824** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2825**
2826** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2827** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2828** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2829** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2830**
2831** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2832** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2833** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2834** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2835** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2836*/
2837int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2838  sqlite3*,
2839  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2840  void *pUserData
2841);
2842
2843/*
2844** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2845**
2846** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2847** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2848** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2849** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2850** information.
2851**
2852** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2853** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2854*/
2855#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2856#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2857
2858/*
2859** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2860**
2861** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2862** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2863** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2864** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2865** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2866**
2867** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2868** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2869** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2870** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2871** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2872** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2873** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2874** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2875** top-level SQL code.
2876*/
2877/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2878#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2879#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2880#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2881#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2882#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2883#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2884#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2885#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2886#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2887#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2888#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2889#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2890#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2891#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2892#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2893#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2894#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2895#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2896#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2897#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2898#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2899#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2900#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2901#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2902#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2903#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2904#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2905#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2906#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2907#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2908#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2909#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2910#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2911#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2912
2913/*
2914** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2915** METHOD: sqlite3
2916**
2917** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2918** instead of the routines described here.
2919**
2920** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2921** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2922**
2923** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2924** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2925** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2926** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2927** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2928** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2929** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2930**
2931** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2932** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2933**
2934** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2935** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2936** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2937** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2938** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2939** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2940** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2941** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2942** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2943** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2944*/
2945SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2946   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2947SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2948   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2949
2950/*
2951** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2952** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2953**
2954** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2955** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
2956** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2957** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2958** is one of the following constants.
2959**
2960** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2961**
2962** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2963** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2964** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2965** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2966** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2967**
2968** <dl>
2969** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2970** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2971** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2972** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2973** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2974** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2975** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2976** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2977** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2978** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2979** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2980**
2981** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2982** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2983** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2984** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2985** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2986** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2987** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2988**
2989** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2990** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2991** statement generates a single row of result.
2992** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2993** X argument is unused.
2994**
2995** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2996** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2997** connection closes.
2998** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2999** and the X argument is unused.
3000** </dl>
3001*/
3002#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3003#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3004#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3005#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3006
3007/*
3008** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3009** METHOD: sqlite3
3010**
3011** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3012** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3013** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3014** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3015** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3016** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3017**
3018** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3019** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3020**
3021** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3022** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3023** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3024** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3025**
3026** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3027** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3028** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3029** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3030** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3031**
3032** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3033** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3034** are deprecated.
3035*/
3036int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3037  sqlite3*,
3038  unsigned uMask,
3039  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3040  void *pCtx
3041);
3042
3043/*
3044** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3045** METHOD: sqlite3
3046**
3047** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3048** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3049** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3050** database connection D.  An example use for this
3051** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3052**
3053** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3054** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3055** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3056** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3057** handler is disabled.
3058**
3059** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3060** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3061** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3062** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3063** than 1.
3064**
3065** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3066** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3067** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3068**
3069** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3070** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3071** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3072** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3073**
3074*/
3075void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3076
3077/*
3078** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3079** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3080**
3081** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3082** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3083** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3084** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3085** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3086** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3087** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3088** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3089** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3090** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3091** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3092** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3093**
3094** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3095** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3096** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3097**
3098** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3099** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3100** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3101**
3102** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3103** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3104** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3105** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3106** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3107** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3108** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3109**
3110** <dl>
3111** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3112** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3113** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3114**
3115** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3116** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3117** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3118** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3119**
3120** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3121** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3122** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3123** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3124** </dl>
3125**
3126** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3127** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3128** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3129** then the behavior is undefined.
3130**
3131** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3132** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3133** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3134** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3135** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3136** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3137** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3138** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3139** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3140** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3141** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3142**
3143** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3144** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3145** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3146** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3147**
3148** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3149** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3150** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3151** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3152** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3153** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3154** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3155**
3156** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3157** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3158** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3159**
3160** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3161**
3162** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3163** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3164** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3165** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3166** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3167** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3168** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3169** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3170** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3171** information.
3172**
3173** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3174** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3175** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3176** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3177** present, is ignored.
3178**
3179** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3180** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3181** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3182** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3183** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3184** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3185** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3186**
3187** [[core URI query parameters]]
3188** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3189** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3190** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3191** following query parameters:
3192**
3193** <ul>
3194**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3195**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3196**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3197**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3198**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3199**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3200**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3201**
3202**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3203**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3204**     an error)^.
3205**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3206**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3207**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3208**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3209**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3210**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3211**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3212**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3213**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3214**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3215**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3216**
3217**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3218**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3219**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3220**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3221**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3222**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3223**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3224**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3225**
3226**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3227**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3228**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3229**
3230**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3231**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3232**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3233**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3234**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3235**     processes uses nolock=1.
3236**
3237**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3238**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3239**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3240**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3241**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3242**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3243**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3244**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3245**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3246**
3247** </ul>
3248**
3249** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3250** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3251** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3252** additional information.
3253**
3254** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3255**
3256** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3257** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3258** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3259**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3260** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3261**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3262**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3263**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3264** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3265**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3266** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3267**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3268**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3269**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3270**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3271**          in URI filenames.
3272** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3273**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3274**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3275**          default, use a private cache.
3276** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3277**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3278**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3279** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3280**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3281** </table>
3282**
3283** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3284** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3285** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3286** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3287** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3288** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3289** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3290** the results are undefined.
3291**
3292** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3293** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3294** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3295** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3296** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3297**
3298** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3299** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3300** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3301**
3302** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3303*/
3304int sqlite3_open(
3305  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3306  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3307);
3308int sqlite3_open16(
3309  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3310  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3311);
3312int sqlite3_open_v2(
3313  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3314  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3315  int flags,              /* Flags */
3316  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3317);
3318
3319/*
3320** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3321**
3322** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3323** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3324** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3325**
3326** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3327** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3328** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3329** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3330** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3331** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3332** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3333** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3334** a pointer to an empty string.
3335**
3336** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3337** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3338** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3339** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3340** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3341** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3342** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3343** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3344** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3345** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3346**
3347** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3348** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3349** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3350** zero is returned.
3351**
3352** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3353** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3354** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3355** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3356** undesirable.
3357*/
3358const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3359int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3360sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3361
3362
3363/*
3364** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3365** METHOD: sqlite3
3366**
3367** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3368** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3369** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3370** API call.
3371** If the most recent API call was successful,
3372** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3373** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3374** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3375** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3376** disabled.
3377**
3378** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3379** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3380** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3381** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3382** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3383** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3384**
3385** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3386** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3387** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3388** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3389**
3390** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3391** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3392** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3393** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3394** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3395** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3396** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3397** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3398** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3399**
3400** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3401** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3402** error code and message may or may not be set.
3403*/
3404int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3405int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3406const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3407const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3408const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3409
3410/*
3411** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3412** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3413**
3414** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3415** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3416**
3417** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3418** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3419** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3420** prepared statement before it can be run.
3421**
3422** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3423**
3424** <ol>
3425** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3426** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3427**      interfaces.
3428** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3429** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3430**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3431** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3432** </ol>
3433*/
3434typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3435
3436/*
3437** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3438** METHOD: sqlite3
3439**
3440** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3441** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3442** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3443** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3444** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3445** new limit for that construct.)^
3446**
3447** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3448** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3449** [limits | hard upper bound]
3450** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3451** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3452** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3453** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3454** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3455**
3456** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3457** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3458** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3459** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3460**
3461** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3462** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3463** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3464** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3465** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3466** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3467** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3468** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3469** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3470** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3471** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3472** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3473**
3474** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3475*/
3476int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3477
3478/*
3479** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3480** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3481**
3482** These constants define various performance limits
3483** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3484** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3485** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3486**
3487** <dl>
3488** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3489** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3490**
3491** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3492** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3493**
3494** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3495** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3496** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3497** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3498**
3499** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3500** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3501**
3502** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3503** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3504**
3505** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3506** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3507** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3508** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3509** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3510**
3511** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3512** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3513**
3514** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3515** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3516**
3517** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3518** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3519** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3520** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3521**
3522** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3523** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3524** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3525**
3526** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3527** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3528**
3529** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3530** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3531** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3532** </dl>
3533*/
3534#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3535#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3536#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3537#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3538#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3539#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3540#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3541#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3542#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3543#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3544#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3545#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3546
3547/*
3548** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3549**
3550** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3551** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3552** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3553**
3554** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3555**
3556** <dl>
3557** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3558** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3559** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3560** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3561** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3562** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3563** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3564** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3565** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3566** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3567** </dl>
3568*/
3569#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3570
3571/*
3572** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3573** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3574** METHOD: sqlite3
3575** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3576**
3577** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3578** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3579** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3580**
3581** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3582** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3583** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3584** for special purposes.
3585**
3586** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3587** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3588** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3589** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3590**
3591** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3592** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3593** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3594**
3595** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3596** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3597** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3598** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3599** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3600**
3601** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3602** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3603** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3604** statement is generated.
3605** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3606** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3607** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3608** the nul-terminator.
3609**
3610** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3611** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3612** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3613** what remains uncompiled.
3614**
3615** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3616** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3617** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3618** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3619** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3620** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3621** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3622**
3623** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3624** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3625**
3626** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3627** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3628** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3629** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3630** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3631** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3632** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3633** behave differently in three ways:
3634**
3635** <ol>
3636** <li>
3637** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3638** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3639** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3640** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3641** </li>
3642**
3643** <li>
3644** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3645** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3646** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3647** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3648** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3649** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3650** </li>
3651**
3652** <li>
3653** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3654** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3655** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3656** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3657** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3658** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3659** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3660** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3661** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3662** </li>
3663**
3664** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3665** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3666** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3667** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3668** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3669** </ol>
3670*/
3671int sqlite3_prepare(
3672  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3673  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3674  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3675  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3676  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3677);
3678int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3679  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3680  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3681  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3682  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3683  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3684);
3685int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3686  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3687  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3688  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3689  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3690  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3691  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3692);
3693int sqlite3_prepare16(
3694  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3695  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3696  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3697  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3698  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3699);
3700int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3701  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3702  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3703  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3704  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3705  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3706);
3707int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3708  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3709  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3710  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3711  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3712  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3713  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3714);
3715
3716/*
3717** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3718** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3719**
3720** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3721** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3722** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3723** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3724** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3725** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3726** [bound parameters] expanded.
3727**
3728** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3729** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3730** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3731** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3732** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3733**
3734** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3735** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3736** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3737**
3738** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3739** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3740** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3741**
3742** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3743** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3744** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3745** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3746** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3747*/
3748const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3749char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3750
3751/*
3752** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3753** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3754**
3755** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3756** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3757** the content of the database file.
3758**
3759** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3760** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3761** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3762** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3763** change the database file through side-effects:
3764**
3765** <blockquote><pre>
3766**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3767** </pre></blockquote>
3768**
3769** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3770** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3771**
3772** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3773** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3774** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3775** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3776** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3777** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3778** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3779** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3780** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3781** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3782** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3783** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3784*/
3785int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3786
3787/*
3788** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3789** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3790**
3791** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3792** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3793** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3794** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3795** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3796** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3797** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3798** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3799**
3800** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3801** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3802** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3803** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3804** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3805*/
3806int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3807
3808/*
3809** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3810** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3811**
3812** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3813** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3814** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3815** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3816**
3817** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3818** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3819** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3820** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3821** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3822** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3823** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3824**
3825** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3826** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3827** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3828** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3829** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3830** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3831** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3832** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3833** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3834** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3835** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3836** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3837**
3838** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3839** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3840** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3841** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3842** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3843** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3844** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3845** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3846** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3847*/
3848typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3849
3850/*
3851** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3852**
3853** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3854** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3855** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3856** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3857** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3858** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3859** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3860** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3861*/
3862typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3863
3864/*
3865** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3866** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3867** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3868** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3869**
3870** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3871** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3872** templates:
3873**
3874** <ul>
3875** <li>  ?
3876** <li>  ?NNN
3877** <li>  :VVV
3878** <li>  @VVV
3879** <li>  $VVV
3880** </ul>
3881**
3882** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3883** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3884** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3885** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3886**
3887** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3888** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3889** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3890**
3891** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3892** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3893** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3894** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3895** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3896** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3897** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3898** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3899** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3900**
3901** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3902** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3903** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3904** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3905**
3906** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3907** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3908** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3909** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3910** is negative, then the length of the string is
3911** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3912** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3913** the behavior is undefined.
3914** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3915** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3916** that parameter must be the byte offset
3917** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3918** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3919** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3920** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3921** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3922**
3923** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3924** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3925** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3926** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3927** ^If the fifth argument is
3928** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3929** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3930** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3931** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3932** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3933**
3934** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3935** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3936** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3937** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3938** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3939** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3940** is undefined.
3941**
3942** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3943** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3944** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3945** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3946** content is later written using
3947** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3948** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3949**
3950** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
3951** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
3952** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
3953** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
3954** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
3955** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
3956** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
3957** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
3958**
3959** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3960** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3961** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3962** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3963** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3964** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3965**
3966** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3967** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3968**
3969** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3970** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3971** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3972** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3973** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3974** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3975** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3976**
3977** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3978** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3979*/
3980int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3981int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3982                        void(*)(void*));
3983int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3984int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3985int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3986int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3987int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3988int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3989int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3990                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3991int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3992int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
3993int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3994int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3995
3996/*
3997** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3998** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3999**
4000** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4001** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4002** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4003** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4004** to the parameters at a later time.
4005**
4006** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4007** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4008** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4009** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4010**
4011** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4012** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4013** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4014*/
4015int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4016
4017/*
4018** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4019** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4020**
4021** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4022** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4023** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4024** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4025** respectively.
4026** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4027** is included as part of the name.)^
4028** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4029** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4030**
4031** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4032**
4033** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4034** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4035** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4036** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4037** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4038**
4039** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4040** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4041** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4042*/
4043const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4044
4045/*
4046** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4047** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4048**
4049** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4050** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4051** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4052** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4053** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4054** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4055** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4056**
4057** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4058** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4059** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4060*/
4061int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4062
4063/*
4064** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4065** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4066**
4067** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4068** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4069** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4070*/
4071int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4072
4073/*
4074** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4075** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4076**
4077** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4078** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4079** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4080** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4081** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4082** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4083** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4084**
4085** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4086*/
4087int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4088
4089/*
4090** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4091** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4092**
4093** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4094** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4095** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4096** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4097** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4098** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4099** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4100**
4101** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4102** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4103** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4104** or until the next call to
4105** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4106**
4107** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4108** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4109** NULL pointer is returned.
4110**
4111** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4112** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4113** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4114** one release of SQLite to the next.
4115*/
4116const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4117const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4118
4119/*
4120** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4121** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4122**
4123** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4124** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4125** [SELECT] statement.
4126** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4127** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4128** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4129** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4130** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4131** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4132** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4133** or until the same information is requested
4134** again in a different encoding.
4135**
4136** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4137** database, table, and column.
4138**
4139** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4140** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4141** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4142** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4143**
4144** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4145** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4146** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4147** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4148** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4149**
4150** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4151** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4152**
4153** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4154** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4155**
4156** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4157** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4158** undefined.
4159**
4160** If two or more threads call one or more
4161** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4162** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4163** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4164*/
4165const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4166const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4167const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4168const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4169const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4170const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4171
4172/*
4173** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4174** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4175**
4176** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4177** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4178** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4179** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4180** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4181** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4182** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4183**
4184** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4185**
4186** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4187**
4188** and the following statement to be compiled:
4189**
4190** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4191**
4192** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4193** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4194**
4195** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4196** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4197** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4198** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4199** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4200** used to hold those values.
4201*/
4202const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4203const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4204
4205/*
4206** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4207** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4208**
4209** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4210** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4211** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4212** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4213** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4214**
4215** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4216** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4217** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4218** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4219** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4220** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4221** interface will continue to be supported.
4222**
4223** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4224** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4225** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4226** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4227**
4228** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4229** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4230** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4231** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4232** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4233** continuing.
4234**
4235** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4236** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4237** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4238** machine back to its initial state.
4239**
4240** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4241** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4242** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4243** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4244**
4245** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4246** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4247** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4248** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4249** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4250** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4251** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4252** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4253**
4254** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4255** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4256** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4257** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4258** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4259** more threads at the same moment in time.
4260**
4261** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4262** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4263** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4264** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4265** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4266** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4267** sqlite3_step() began
4268** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4269** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4270** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4271** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4272** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4273**
4274** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4275** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4276** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4277** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4278** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4279** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4280** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4281** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4282** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4283** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4284** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4285** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4286*/
4287int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4288
4289/*
4290** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4291** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4292**
4293** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4294** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4295** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4296** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4297** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4298** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4299** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4300** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4301** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4302** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4303** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4304** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4305**
4306** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4307*/
4308int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4309
4310/*
4311** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4312** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4313**
4314** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4315**
4316** <ul>
4317** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4318** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4319** <li> string
4320** <li> BLOB
4321** <li> NULL
4322** </ul>)^
4323**
4324** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4325**
4326** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4327** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4328** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4329** SQLITE_TEXT.
4330*/
4331#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4332#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4333#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4334#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4335#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4336# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4337#else
4338# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4339#endif
4340#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4341
4342/*
4343** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4344** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4345** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4346**
4347** <b>Summary:</b>
4348** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4349** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4350** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4351** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4352** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4353** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4354** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4355** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4356** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4357** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4358** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4359** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4360** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4361** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4362** TEXT in bytes
4363** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4364** datatype of the result
4365** </table></blockquote>
4366**
4367** <b>Details:</b>
4368**
4369** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4370** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4371** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4372** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4373** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4374** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4375** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4376** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4377**
4378** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4379** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4380** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4381** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4382** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4383** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4384** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4385** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4386** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4387** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4388** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4389**
4390** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4391** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4392** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4393** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4394** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4395**
4396** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4397** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4398** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4399** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4400** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4401** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4402** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4403** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4404** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4405** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4406** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4407** following a type conversion.
4408**
4409** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4410** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4411** of that BLOB or string.
4412**
4413** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4414** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4415** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4416** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4417** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4418** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4419** the number of bytes in that string.
4420** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4421**
4422** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4423** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4424** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4425** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4426** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4427** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4428** the number of bytes in that string.
4429** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4430**
4431** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4432** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4433** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4434** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4435** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4436**
4437** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4438** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4439** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4440**
4441** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4442** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4443** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4444** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4445** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4446** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4447** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4448** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4449** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4450** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4451** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4452** top-level application code.
4453**
4454** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4455** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4456** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4457** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4458** that are applied:
4459**
4460** <blockquote>
4461** <table border="1">
4462** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4463**
4464** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4465** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4466** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4467** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4468** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4469** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4470** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4471** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4472** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4473** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4474** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4475** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4476** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4477** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4478** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4479** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4480** </table>
4481** </blockquote>)^
4482**
4483** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4484** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4485** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4486** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4487** in the following cases:
4488**
4489** <ul>
4490** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4491**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4492**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4493** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4494**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4495**      to UTF-16.</li>
4496** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4497**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4498**      to UTF-8.</li>
4499** </ul>
4500**
4501** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4502** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4503** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4504** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4505** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4506**
4507** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4508** in one of the following ways:
4509**
4510** <ul>
4511**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4512**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4513**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4514** </ul>
4515**
4516** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4517** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4518** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4519** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4520** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4521** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4522** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4523**
4524** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4525** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4526** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4527** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4528** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4529** [sqlite3_free()].
4530**
4531** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4532** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4533** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4534** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4535** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4536*/
4537const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4538double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4539int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4540sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4541const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4542const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4543sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4544int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4545int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4546int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4547
4548/*
4549** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4550** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4551**
4552** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4553** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4554** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4555** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4556** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4557** [extended error code].
4558**
4559** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4560** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4561** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4562** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4563** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4564** completed execution.
4565**
4566** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4567**
4568** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4569** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4570** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4571** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4572** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4573*/
4574int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4575
4576/*
4577** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4578** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4579**
4580** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4581** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4582** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4583** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4584** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4585**
4586** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4587** back to the beginning of its program.
4588**
4589** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4590** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4591** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4592** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4593**
4594** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4595** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4596** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4597**
4598** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4599** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4600*/
4601int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4602
4603/*
4604** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4605** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4606** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4607** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4608** METHOD: sqlite3
4609**
4610** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4611** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4612** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4613** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4614** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4615** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4616** the application data pointer.
4617**
4618** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4619** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4620** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4621** to each database connection separately.
4622**
4623** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4624** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4625** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4626** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4627** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4628** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4629**
4630** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4631** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4632** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4633** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4634** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4635** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4636** undefined.
4637**
4638** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4639** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4640** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4641** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4642** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4643** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4644** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4645** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4646** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4647** each encoding.
4648** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4649** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4650**
4651** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4652** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4653** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4654** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4655** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4656** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4657** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4658**
4659** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4660** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4661**
4662** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4663** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4664** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4665** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4666** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4667** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4668** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4669** callbacks.
4670**
4671** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4672** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4673** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4674** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4675** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4676** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4677** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4678** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4679** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4680**
4681** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4682** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4683** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4684** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4685** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4686** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4687** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4688** matches the database encoding is a better
4689** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4690** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4691** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4692** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4693**
4694** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4695**
4696** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4697** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4698** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4699** statement in which the function is running.
4700*/
4701int sqlite3_create_function(
4702  sqlite3 *db,
4703  const char *zFunctionName,
4704  int nArg,
4705  int eTextRep,
4706  void *pApp,
4707  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4708  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4709  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4710);
4711int sqlite3_create_function16(
4712  sqlite3 *db,
4713  const void *zFunctionName,
4714  int nArg,
4715  int eTextRep,
4716  void *pApp,
4717  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4718  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4719  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4720);
4721int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4722  sqlite3 *db,
4723  const char *zFunctionName,
4724  int nArg,
4725  int eTextRep,
4726  void *pApp,
4727  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4728  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4729  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4730  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4731);
4732
4733/*
4734** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4735**
4736** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4737** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4738*/
4739#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4740#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4741#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4742#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4743#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4744#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4745
4746/*
4747** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4748**
4749** These constants may be ORed together with the
4750** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4751** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4752** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4753*/
4754#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4755
4756/*
4757** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4758** DEPRECATED
4759**
4760** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4761** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4762** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4763** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4764** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4765*/
4766#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4767SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4768SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4769SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4770SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4771SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4772SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4773                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4774#endif
4775
4776/*
4777** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4778** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4779**
4780** <b>Summary:</b>
4781** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4782** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4783** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4784** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4785** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4786** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4787** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4788** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4789** the native byteorder
4790** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4791** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4792** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4793** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4794** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4795** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4796** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4797** TEXT in bytes
4798** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4799** datatype of the value
4800** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4801** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4802** </table></blockquote>
4803**
4804** <b>Details:</b>
4805**
4806** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4807** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4808** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4809** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4810**
4811** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4812** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4813** is not threadsafe.
4814**
4815** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4816** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4817** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4818**
4819** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4820** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4821** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4822** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4823**
4824** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4825** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4826** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4827** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4828** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4829** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4830**
4831** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4832** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4833** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4834** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4835** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4836** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4837** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4838** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4839** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4840** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4841**
4842** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4843** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4844** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4845** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4846** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4847** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4848** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4849**
4850** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4851** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4852** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4853** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4854** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4855**
4856** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4857** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4858*/
4859const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4860double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4861int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4862sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4863void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
4864const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4865const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4866const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4867const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4868int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4869int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4870int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4871int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4872
4873/*
4874** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4875** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4876**
4877** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4878** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4879** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4880** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4881** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4882*/
4883unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4884
4885/*
4886** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4887** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4888**
4889** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4890** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4891** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4892** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4893** memory allocation fails.
4894**
4895** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4896** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4897** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4898*/
4899sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4900void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4901
4902/*
4903** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4904** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4905**
4906** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4907** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4908**
4909** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4910** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4911** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4912** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4913** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4914** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4915** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4916** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4917** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4918** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4919** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4920** first time from within xFinal().)^
4921**
4922** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4923** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4924** allocate error occurs.
4925**
4926** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4927** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4928** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4929** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4930** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4931** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4932** pointless memory allocations occur.
4933**
4934** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4935** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4936**
4937** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4938** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4939** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4940** function.
4941**
4942** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4943** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4944*/
4945void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4946
4947/*
4948** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4949** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4950**
4951** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4952** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4953** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4954** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4955** registered the application defined function.
4956**
4957** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4958** the application-defined function is running.
4959*/
4960void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4961
4962/*
4963** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4964** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4965**
4966** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4967** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4968** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4969** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4970** registered the application defined function.
4971*/
4972sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4973
4974/*
4975** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4976** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4977**
4978** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4979** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4980** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4981** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4982** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4983** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4984** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4985** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4986** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4987** invocations of the same function.
4988**
4989** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4990** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
4991** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
4992** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
4993** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
4994** returns a NULL pointer.
4995**
4996** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4997** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4998** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4999** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5000** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5001** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5002** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5003** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5004** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5005** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5006** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5007**      SQL statement)^, or
5008** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5009**       parameter)^, or
5010** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5011**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5012**
5013** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5014** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5015** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5016** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5017** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5018** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5019**
5020** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5021** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5022** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5023**
5024** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5025** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5026** kinds of function caching behavior.
5027**
5028** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5029** the SQL function is running.
5030*/
5031void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5032void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5033
5034
5035/*
5036** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5037**
5038** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5039** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5040** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5041** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5042** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5043** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5044** the content before returning.
5045**
5046** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5047** C++ compilers.
5048*/
5049typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5050#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5051#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5052
5053/*
5054** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5055** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5056**
5057** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5058** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5059** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5060** for additional information.
5061**
5062** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5063** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5064** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5065**
5066** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5067** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5068** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5069** third parameter.
5070**
5071** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5072** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5073** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5074**
5075** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5076** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5077** by its 2nd argument.
5078**
5079** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5080** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5081** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5082** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5083** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5084** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5085** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5086** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5087** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5088** message all text up through the first zero character.
5089** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5090** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5091** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5092** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5093** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5094** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5095** modify the text after they return without harm.
5096** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5097** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5098** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5099** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5100**
5101** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5102** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5103**
5104** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5105** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5106**
5107** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5108** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5109** value given in the 2nd argument.
5110** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5111** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5112** value given in the 2nd argument.
5113**
5114** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5115** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5116**
5117** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5118** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5119** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5120** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5121** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5122** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5123** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5124** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5125** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5126** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5127** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5128** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5129** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5130** through the first zero character.
5131** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5132** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5133** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5134** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5135** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5136** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5137** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5138** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5139** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5140** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5141** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5142** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5143** finished using that result.
5144** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5145** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5146** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5147** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5148** when it has finished using that result.
5149** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5150** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5151** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5152** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5153**
5154** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5155** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5156** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5157** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5158** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5159** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5160** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5161** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5162** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5163**
5164** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5165** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5166** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5167** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5168** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5169** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5170** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5171** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5172** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5173** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5174**
5175** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5176** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5177** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5178*/
5179void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5180void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5181                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5182void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5183void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5184void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5185void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5186void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5187void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5188void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5189void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5190void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5191void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5192void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5193                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5194void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5195void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5196void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5197void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5198void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5199void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5200int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5201
5202
5203/*
5204** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5205** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5206**
5207** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5208** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5209** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5210** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5211** higher order bits are discarded.
5212** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5213** in future releases of SQLite.
5214*/
5215void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5216
5217/*
5218** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5219** METHOD: sqlite3
5220**
5221** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5222** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5223**
5224** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5225** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5226** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5227** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5228** considered to be the same name.
5229**
5230** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5231** <ul>
5232** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5233** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5234** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5235** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5236** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5237** </ul>)^
5238** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5239** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5240** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5241** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5242** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5243** on an even byte address.
5244**
5245** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5246** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5247**
5248** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5249** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5250** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5251** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5252** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5253** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5254** that collation is no longer usable.
5255**
5256** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5257** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5258** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5259** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5260** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5261** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5262** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5263** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5264** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5265** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5266** strings A, B, and C:
5267**
5268** <ol>
5269** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5270** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5271** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5272** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5273** </ol>
5274**
5275** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5276** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5277** is undefined.
5278**
5279** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5280** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5281** the collating function is deleted.
5282** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5283** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5284** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5285**
5286** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5287** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5288** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5289** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5290** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5291** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5292** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5293** compatibility.
5294**
5295** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5296*/
5297int sqlite3_create_collation(
5298  sqlite3*,
5299  const char *zName,
5300  int eTextRep,
5301  void *pArg,
5302  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5303);
5304int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5305  sqlite3*,
5306  const char *zName,
5307  int eTextRep,
5308  void *pArg,
5309  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5310  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5311);
5312int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5313  sqlite3*,
5314  const void *zName,
5315  int eTextRep,
5316  void *pArg,
5317  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5318);
5319
5320/*
5321** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5322** METHOD: sqlite3
5323**
5324** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5325** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5326** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5327** sequence is required.
5328**
5329** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5330** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5331** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5332** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5333** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5334**
5335** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5336** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5337** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5338** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5339** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5340** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5341** required collation sequence.)^
5342**
5343** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5344** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5345** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5346*/
5347int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5348  sqlite3*,
5349  void*,
5350  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5351);
5352int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5353  sqlite3*,
5354  void*,
5355  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5356);
5357
5358#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5359/*
5360** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5361** called right after sqlite3_open().
5362**
5363** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5364** of SQLite.
5365*/
5366int sqlite3_key(
5367  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5368  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5369);
5370int sqlite3_key_v2(
5371  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5372  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5373  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5374);
5375
5376/*
5377** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5378** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5379** database is decrypted.
5380**
5381** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5382** of SQLite.
5383*/
5384int sqlite3_rekey(
5385  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5386  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5387);
5388int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5389  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5390  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5391  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5392);
5393
5394/*
5395** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5396** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5397*/
5398void sqlite3_activate_see(
5399  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5400);
5401#endif
5402
5403#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5404/*
5405** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5406** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5407*/
5408void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5409  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5410);
5411#endif
5412
5413/*
5414** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5415**
5416** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5417** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5418**
5419** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5420** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5421** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5422** requested from the operating system is returned.
5423**
5424** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5425** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5426** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5427** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5428** in the previous paragraphs.
5429*/
5430int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5431
5432/*
5433** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5434**
5435** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5436** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5437** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5438** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5439** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5440** temporary file directory.
5441**
5442** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5443** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5444** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5445** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5446** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5447** be avoided in new projects.
5448**
5449** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5450** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5451** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5452** thread.
5453** It is intended that this variable be set once
5454** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5455** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5456** thereafter.
5457**
5458** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5459** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5460** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5461** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5462** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5463** using [sqlite3_free].
5464** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5465** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5466** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5467** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5468** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5469** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5470** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5471** objects have been destroyed.
5472**
5473** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5474** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5475** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5476** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5477**
5478** <blockquote><pre>
5479** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5480** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5481** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5482** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5483** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5484** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5485** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5486** </pre></blockquote>
5487*/
5488SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5489
5490/*
5491** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5492**
5493** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5494** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5495** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5496** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5497** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5498** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5499** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5500** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5501** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5502**
5503** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5504** open can result in a corrupt database.
5505**
5506** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5507** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5508** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5509** thread.
5510** It is intended that this variable be set once
5511** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5512** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5513** thereafter.
5514**
5515** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5516** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5517** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5518** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5519** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5520** using [sqlite3_free].
5521** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5522** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5523** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5524*/
5525SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5526
5527/*
5528** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5529** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5530** METHOD: sqlite3
5531**
5532** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5533** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5534** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5535** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5536** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5537**
5538** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5539** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5540** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5541** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5542** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5543** an error is to use this function.
5544**
5545** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5546** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5547** is undefined.
5548*/
5549int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5550
5551/*
5552** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5553** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5554**
5555** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5556** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5557** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5558** that was the first argument
5559** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5560** create the statement in the first place.
5561*/
5562sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5563
5564/*
5565** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5566** METHOD: sqlite3
5567**
5568** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5569** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5570** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5571** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5572** a NULL pointer is returned.
5573**
5574** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5575** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5576** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5577** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5578*/
5579const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5580
5581/*
5582** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5583** METHOD: sqlite3
5584**
5585** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5586** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5587** the name of a database on connection D.
5588*/
5589int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5590
5591/*
5592** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5593** METHOD: sqlite3
5594**
5595** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5596** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5597** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5598** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5599** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5600**
5601** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5602** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5603** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5604*/
5605sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5606
5607/*
5608** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5609** METHOD: sqlite3
5610**
5611** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5612** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5613** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5614** for the same database connection is overridden.
5615** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5616** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5617** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5618** for the same database connection is overridden.
5619** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5620** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5621** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5622**
5623** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5624** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5625** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5626** the first call for each function on D.
5627**
5628** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5629** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5630** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5631** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5632** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5633** or rollback hook in the first place.
5634** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5635** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5636** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5637**
5638** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5639**
5640** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5641** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5642** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5643** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5644** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5645**
5646** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5647** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5648** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5649** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5650** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5651**
5652** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5653*/
5654void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5655void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5656
5657/*
5658** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5659** METHOD: sqlite3
5660**
5661** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5662** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5663** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5664** a [rowid table].
5665** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5666** for the same database connection is overridden.
5667**
5668** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5669** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5670** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5671** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5672** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5673** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5674** to be invoked.
5675** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5676** database and table name containing the affected row.
5677** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5678** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5679**
5680** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5681** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5682** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5683**
5684** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5685** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5686** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5687** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5688** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5689** release of SQLite.
5690**
5691** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5692** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5693** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5694** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5695** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5696** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5697**
5698** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5699** returns the P argument from the previous call
5700** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5701** the first call on D.
5702**
5703** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5704** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5705*/
5706void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5707  sqlite3*,
5708  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5709  void*
5710);
5711
5712/*
5713** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5714**
5715** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5716** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5717** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5718** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5719**
5720** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5721** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5722** In prior versions of SQLite,
5723** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5724**
5725** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5726** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5727** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5728** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5729**
5730** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5731** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5732**
5733** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5734** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5735** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5736**
5737** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5738** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5739** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5740** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5741**
5742** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5743** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5744**
5745** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5746*/
5747int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5748
5749/*
5750** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5751**
5752** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5753** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5754** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5755** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5756** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5757** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5758** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5759** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5760**
5761** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5762*/
5763int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5764
5765/*
5766** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5767** METHOD: sqlite3
5768**
5769** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5770** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5771** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5772** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5773** omitted.
5774**
5775** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5776*/
5777int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5778
5779/*
5780** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5781**
5782** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5783** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5784** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5785** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5786** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5787** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5788** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5789** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5790** is advisory only.
5791**
5792** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5793** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5794** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5795** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5796** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5797** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5798**
5799** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5800**
5801** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5802** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5803**
5804** <ul>
5805** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5806** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5807**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5808**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5809** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5810**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5811** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5812**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5813**      from the heap.
5814** </ul>)^
5815**
5816** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5817** the soft heap limit is enforced
5818** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5819** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5820** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5821** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5822** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5823** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5824** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5825** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5826**
5827** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5828** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5829*/
5830sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5831
5832/*
5833** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5834** DEPRECATED
5835**
5836** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5837** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5838** only.  All new applications should use the
5839** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5840*/
5841SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5842
5843
5844/*
5845** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5846** METHOD: sqlite3
5847**
5848** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5849** information about column C of table T in database D
5850** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5851** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5852** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5853** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5854** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5855** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5856** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5857** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5858** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
5859** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
5860** undefined behavior.
5861**
5862** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5863** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5864** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5865** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5866** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5867** resolve unqualified table references.
5868**
5869** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5870** name of the desired column, respectively.
5871**
5872** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5873** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5874** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5875**
5876** ^(<blockquote>
5877** <table border="1">
5878** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5879**
5880** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5881** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5882** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5883** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5884** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5885** </table>
5886** </blockquote>)^
5887**
5888** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5889** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5890** call to any SQLite API function.
5891**
5892** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5893**
5894** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5895** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5896** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5897** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5898** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5899** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5900**
5901** <pre>
5902**     data type: "INTEGER"
5903**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5904**     not null: 0
5905**     primary key: 1
5906**     auto increment: 0
5907** </pre>)^
5908**
5909** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5910** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5911** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5912*/
5913int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5914  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5915  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5916  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5917  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5918  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5919  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5920  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5921  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5922  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5923);
5924
5925/*
5926** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5927** METHOD: sqlite3
5928**
5929** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5930**
5931** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5932** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5933** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5934** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5935** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5936** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5937** be tried also.
5938**
5939** ^The entry point is zProc.
5940** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5941** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5942** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5943** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5944** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5945** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5946** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5947** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5948** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5949** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5950** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5951** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5952** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5953**
5954** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5955** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5956** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5957** prior to calling this API,
5958** otherwise an error will be returned.
5959**
5960** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5961** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5962** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5963** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5964** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5965** access to extension loading capabilities.
5966**
5967** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5968*/
5969int sqlite3_load_extension(
5970  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5971  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5972  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5973  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5974);
5975
5976/*
5977** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5978** METHOD: sqlite3
5979**
5980** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5981** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5982** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5983** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5984**
5985** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5986** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5987** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5988** it back off again.
5989**
5990** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
5991** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
5992** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
5993** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
5994**
5995** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
5996** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
5997** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
5998** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5999** access to extension loading capabilities.
6000*/
6001int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6002
6003/*
6004** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6005**
6006** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6007** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6008** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6009** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6010**
6011** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6012** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6013** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6014** entry point where as follows:
6015**
6016** <blockquote><pre>
6017** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6018** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6019** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6020** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6021** &nbsp;  );
6022** </pre></blockquote>)^
6023**
6024** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6025** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6026** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6027** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6028** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6029** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6030** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6031**
6032** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6033** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6034** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6035**
6036** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6037** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6038*/
6039int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6040
6041/*
6042** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6043**
6044** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6045** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6046** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6047** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6048** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6049** routines.
6050*/
6051int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6052
6053/*
6054** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6055**
6056** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6057** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6058*/
6059void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6060
6061/*
6062** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6063** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6064** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6065**
6066** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6067** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6068*/
6069
6070/*
6071** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6072*/
6073typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6074typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6075typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6076typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6077
6078/*
6079** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6080** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6081**
6082** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6083** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6084** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6085**
6086** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6087** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6088** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6089** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6090** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6091** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6092** any database connection.
6093*/
6094struct sqlite3_module {
6095  int iVersion;
6096  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6097               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6098               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6099  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6100               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6101               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6102  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6103  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6104  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6105  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6106  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6107  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6108                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6109  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6110  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6111  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6112  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6113  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6114  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6115  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6116  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6117  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6118  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6119                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6120                       void **ppArg);
6121  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6122  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6123  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6124  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6125  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6126  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6127};
6128
6129/*
6130** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6131** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6132**
6133** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6134** of the [virtual table] interface to
6135** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6136** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6137** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6138** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6139**
6140** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6141**
6142** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6143**
6144** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6145** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6146** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6147** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6148** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6149** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6150** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6151**
6152** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6153** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6154** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6155** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6156** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6157**
6158** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6159** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6160**
6161** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6162** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6163** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6164** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6165** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6166** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6167** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6168** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6169** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6170** non-zero.
6171**
6172** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6173** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6174** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6175** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6176** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6177** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6178**
6179** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6180** [xFilter] method.
6181** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6182** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6183**
6184** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6185** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6186** sorting step is required.
6187**
6188** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6189** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6190** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6191** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6192** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6193**
6194** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6195** will be returned by the strategy.
6196**
6197** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6198** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6199** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6200** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6201**
6202** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6203** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6204** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6205** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6206** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6207** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6208** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6209** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6210** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6211**
6212** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6213** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6214** If a virtual table extension is
6215** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6216** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6217** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6218** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6219** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6220** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6221** It may therefore only be used if
6222** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6223** 3009000.
6224*/
6225struct sqlite3_index_info {
6226  /* Inputs */
6227  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6228  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6229     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6230     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6231     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6232     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6233  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6234  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6235  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6236     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6237     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6238  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6239  /* Outputs */
6240  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6241    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6242    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6243  } *aConstraintUsage;
6244  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6245  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6246  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6247  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6248  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6249  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6250  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6251  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6252  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6253  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6254  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6255};
6256
6257/*
6258** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6259*/
6260#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6261
6262/*
6263** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6264**
6265** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6266** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6267** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6268** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6269*/
6270#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6271#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6272#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6273#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6274#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6275#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6276#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6277#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6278#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6279#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6280#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6281#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6282#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6283#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6284
6285/*
6286** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6287** METHOD: sqlite3
6288**
6289** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6290** ^Module names must be registered before
6291** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6292** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6293**
6294** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6295** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6296** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6297** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6298** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6299** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6300** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6301**
6302** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6303** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6304** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6305** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6306** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6307** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6308** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6309** destructor.
6310*/
6311int sqlite3_create_module(
6312  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6313  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6314  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6315  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6316);
6317int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6318  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6319  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6320  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6321  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6322  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6323);
6324
6325/*
6326** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6327** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6328**
6329** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6330** of this object to describe a particular instance
6331** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6332** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6333** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6334** common to all module implementations.
6335**
6336** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6337** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6338** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6339** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6340** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6341** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6342*/
6343struct sqlite3_vtab {
6344  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6345  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6346  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6347  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6348};
6349
6350/*
6351** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6352** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6353**
6354** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6355** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6356** [virtual table] and are used
6357** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6358** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6359** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6360** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6361** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6362** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6363**
6364** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6365** are common to all implementations.
6366*/
6367struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6368  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6369  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6370};
6371
6372/*
6373** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6374**
6375** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6376** [virtual table module] call this interface
6377** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6378** the virtual tables they implement.
6379*/
6380int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6381
6382/*
6383** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6384** METHOD: sqlite3
6385**
6386** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6387** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6388** But global versions of those functions
6389** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6390**
6391** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6392** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6393** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6394** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6395** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6396** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6397** by a [virtual table].
6398*/
6399int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6400
6401/*
6402** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6403** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6404** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6405** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6406**
6407** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6408** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6409*/
6410
6411/*
6412** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6413** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6414**
6415** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6416** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6417** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6418** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6419** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6420** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6421** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6422*/
6423typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6424
6425/*
6426** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6427** METHOD: sqlite3
6428** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6429**
6430** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6431** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6432** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6433**
6434** <pre>
6435**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6436** </pre>)^
6437**
6438** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6439** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6440** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6441** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6442** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6443**
6444** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6445** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6446** read-only access.
6447**
6448** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6449** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6450** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6451** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6452** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6453**
6454** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6455** <ul>
6456**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6457**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6458**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6459**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6460**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6461**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6462**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6463**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6464**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6465**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6466**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6467**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6468** </ul>
6469**
6470** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6471** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6472** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6473**
6474** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6475** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6476** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6477** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6478** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6479** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6480**
6481** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6482** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6483** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6484** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6485** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6486** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6487** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6488** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6489** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6490** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6491**
6492** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6493** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6494** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6495** blob.
6496**
6497** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6498** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6499** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6500**
6501** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6502** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6503**
6504** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6505** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6506** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6507*/
6508int sqlite3_blob_open(
6509  sqlite3*,
6510  const char *zDb,
6511  const char *zTable,
6512  const char *zColumn,
6513  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6514  int flags,
6515  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6516);
6517
6518/*
6519** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6520** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6521**
6522** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6523** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6524** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6525** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6526** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6527** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6528**
6529** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6530** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6531** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6532** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6533** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6534** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6535** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6536** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6537** always returns zero.
6538**
6539** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6540*/
6541int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6542
6543/*
6544** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6545** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6546**
6547** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6548** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6549** handle is still closed.)^
6550**
6551** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6552** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6553** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6554** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6555** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6556**
6557** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6558** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6559** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6560** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6561** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6562** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6563*/
6564int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6565
6566/*
6567** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6568** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6569**
6570** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6571** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6572** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6573** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6574**
6575** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6576** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6577** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6578** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6579*/
6580int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6581
6582/*
6583** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6584** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6585**
6586** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6587** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6588** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6589**
6590** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6591** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6592** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6593** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6594** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6595**
6596** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6597** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6598**
6599** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6600** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6601**
6602** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6603** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6604** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6605** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6606**
6607** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6608*/
6609int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6610
6611/*
6612** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6613** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6614**
6615** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6616** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6617** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6618**
6619** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6620** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6621** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6622** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6623** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6624**
6625** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6626** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6627** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6628**
6629** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6630** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6631** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6632** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6633** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6634** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6635** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6636**
6637** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6638** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6639** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6640** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6641** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6642** or by other independent statements.
6643**
6644** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6645** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6646** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6647** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6648**
6649** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6650*/
6651int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6652
6653/*
6654** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6655**
6656** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6657** that SQLite uses to interact
6658** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6659** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6660** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6661** The following interfaces are provided.
6662**
6663** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6664** ^Names are case sensitive.
6665** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6666** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6667** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6668**
6669** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6670** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6671** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6672** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6673** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6674** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6675** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6676** then the behavior is undefined.
6677**
6678** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6679** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6680** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6681*/
6682sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6683int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6684int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6685
6686/*
6687** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6688**
6689** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6690** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6691** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6692** permitted to use any of these routines.
6693**
6694** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6695** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6696** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6697** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6698**
6699** <ul>
6700** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6701** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6702** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6703** </ul>
6704**
6705** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6706** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6707** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6708** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6709** and Windows.
6710**
6711** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6712** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6713** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6714** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6715** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6716** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6717** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6718**
6719** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6720** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6721** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6722** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6723** integer constants:
6724**
6725** <ul>
6726** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6727** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6728** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6729** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6730** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6731** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6732** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6733** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6734** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6735** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6736** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6737** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6738** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6739** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6740** </ul>
6741**
6742** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6743** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6744** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6745** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6746** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6747** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6748** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6749** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6750** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6751** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6752**
6753** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6754** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6755** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6756** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6757** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6758** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6759** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6760** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6761**
6762** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6763** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6764** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6765** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6766** the same type number.
6767**
6768** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6769** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6770** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6771**
6772** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6773** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6774** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6775** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6776** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6777** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6778** In such cases, the
6779** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6780** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6781** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6782**
6783** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6784** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6785** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6786** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6787** behavior.)^
6788**
6789** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6790** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6791** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6792** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6793**
6794** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6795** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6796** behave as no-ops.
6797**
6798** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6799*/
6800sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6801void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6802void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6803int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6804void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6805
6806/*
6807** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6808**
6809** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6810** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6811**
6812** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6813** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6814** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6815** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6816** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6817** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6818** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6819** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6820** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6821**
6822** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6823** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6824** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6825** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6826**
6827** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6828** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6829** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6830** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6831** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6832** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6833**
6834** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6835** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6836** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6837**
6838** <ul>
6839**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6840**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6841**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6842**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6843**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6844**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6845**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6846** </ul>)^
6847**
6848** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6849** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6850** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6851** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6852** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6853** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6854** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6855**
6856** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6857** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6858** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6859** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6860**
6861** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6862** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6863** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6864** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6865**
6866** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6867** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6868** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6869** prior to returning.
6870*/
6871typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6872struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6873  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6874  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6875  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6876  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6877  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6878  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6879  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6880  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6881  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6882};
6883
6884/*
6885** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6886**
6887** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6888** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6889** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6890** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6891** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6892** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6893** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6894** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6895**
6896** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6897** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6898**
6899** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6900** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6901** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6902** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6903**
6904** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6905** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6906** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6907** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6908** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6909** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6910** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6911** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6912*/
6913#ifndef NDEBUG
6914int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6915int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6916#endif
6917
6918/*
6919** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6920**
6921** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6922** which is one of these integer constants.
6923**
6924** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6925** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6926** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6927*/
6928#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6929#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6930#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6931#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6932#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6933#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6934#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6935#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6936#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6937#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6938#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6939#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6940#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6941#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6942#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6943#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6944
6945/*
6946** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6947** METHOD: sqlite3
6948**
6949** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6950** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6951** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6952** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6953** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6954*/
6955sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6956
6957/*
6958** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6959** METHOD: sqlite3
6960**
6961** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6962** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6963** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6964** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6965** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6966** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6967** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6968** main database file.
6969** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6970** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6971** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6972** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6973**
6974** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
6975** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6976** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
6977** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6978** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6979**
6980** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6981** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6982** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6983** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6984** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6985** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6986** xFileControl method.
6987**
6988** See also: [file control opcodes]
6989*/
6990int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6991
6992/*
6993** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6994**
6995** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6996** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6997** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6998** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6999**
7000** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7001** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7002** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7003**
7004** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7005** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7006** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7007** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7008*/
7009int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7010
7011/*
7012** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7013**
7014** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7015** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7016**
7017** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7018** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7019** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7020** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7021*/
7022#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7023#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7024#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7025#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7026#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7027#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7028#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7029#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7030#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7031#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7032#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7033#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7034#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
7035#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7036#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7037#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7038#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7039#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7040#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7041#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7042#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7043#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7044#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7045#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7046#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7047
7048/*
7049** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7050**
7051** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7052** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7053** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7054** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7055** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7056** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7057** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7058** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7059** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7060** value.  For those parameters
7061** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7062** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7063** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7064**
7065** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7066** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7067**
7068** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7069** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7070** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7071**
7072** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7073*/
7074int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7075int sqlite3_status64(
7076  int op,
7077  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7078  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7079  int resetFlag
7080);
7081
7082
7083/*
7084** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7085** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7086**
7087** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7088** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7089**
7090** <dl>
7091** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7092** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7093** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7094** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7095** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7096** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7097** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7098** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7099**
7100** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7101** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7102** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7103** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7104** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7105** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7106**
7107** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7108** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7109** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7110**
7111** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7112** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7113** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7114** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7115** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7116**
7117** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7118** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7119** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7120** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7121** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7122** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7123** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7124** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7125** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7126**
7127** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7128** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7129** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7130** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7131** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7132**
7133** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7134** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7135**
7136** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7137** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7138**
7139** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7140** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7141**
7142** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7143** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7144** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7145** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7146** </dl>
7147**
7148** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7149*/
7150#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7151#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7152#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7153#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7154#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7155#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7156#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7157#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7158#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7159#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7160
7161/*
7162** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7163** METHOD: sqlite3
7164**
7165** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7166** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7167** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7168** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7169** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7170** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7171** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7172** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7173**
7174** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7175** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7176** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7177** reset back down to the current value.
7178**
7179** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7180** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7181**
7182** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7183*/
7184int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7185
7186/*
7187** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7188** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7189**
7190** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7191** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7192**
7193** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7194** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7195** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7196** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7197** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7198**
7199** <dl>
7200** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7201** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7202** checked out.</dd>)^
7203**
7204** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7205** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7206** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7207** the current value is always zero.)^
7208**
7209** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7210** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7211** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7212** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7213** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7214** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7215** the current value is always zero.)^
7216**
7217** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7218** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7219** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7220** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7221** memory already being in use.
7222** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7223** the current value is always zero.)^
7224**
7225** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7226** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7227** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7228** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7229**
7230** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7231** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7232** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7233** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7234** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7235** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7236** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7237** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7238** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7239** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7240** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7241**
7242** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7243** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7244** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7245** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7246** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7247** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7248** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7249** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7250**
7251** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7252** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7253** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7254** the database connection.)^
7255** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7256** </dd>
7257**
7258** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7259** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7260** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7261** is always 0.
7262** </dd>
7263**
7264** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7265** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7266** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7267** is always 0.
7268** </dd>
7269**
7270** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7271** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7272** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7273** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7274** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7275** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7276** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7277** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7278** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7279** </dd>
7280**
7281** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7282** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7283** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7284** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7285** </dd>
7286** </dl>
7287*/
7288#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7289#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7290#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7291#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7292#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7293#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7294#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7295#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7296#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7297#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7298#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7299#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7300#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7301
7302
7303/*
7304** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7305** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7306**
7307** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7308** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7309** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7310** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7311** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7312** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7313** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7314** an index.
7315**
7316** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7317** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7318** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7319** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7320** to be interrogated.)^
7321** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7322** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7323** interface call returns.
7324**
7325** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7326*/
7327int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7328
7329/*
7330** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7331** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7332**
7333** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7334** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7335** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7336**
7337** <dl>
7338** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7339** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7340** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7341** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7342** careful use of indices.</dd>
7343**
7344** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7345** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7346** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7347** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7348**
7349** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7350** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7351** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7352** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7353** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7354** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7355**
7356** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7357** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7358** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7359** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7360** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7361** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7362** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7363**
7364** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7365** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7366** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7367** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7368**
7369** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7370** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7371** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7372** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7373** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7374** cycle.
7375**
7376** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7377** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7378** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7379** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7380** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7381** </dd>
7382** </dl>
7383*/
7384#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7385#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7386#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7387#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7388#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7389#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7390#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7391
7392/*
7393** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7394**
7395** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7396** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7397** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7398** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7399** to the object.
7400**
7401** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7402*/
7403typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7404
7405/*
7406** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7407**
7408** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7409** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7410** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7411** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7412**
7413** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7414*/
7415typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7416struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7417  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7418  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7419};
7420
7421/*
7422** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7423** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7424**
7425** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7426** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7427** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7428** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7429** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7430** By implementing a
7431** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7432** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7433** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7434** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7435** how long.
7436**
7437** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7438** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7439** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7440**
7441** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7442** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7443** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7444** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7445**
7446** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7447** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7448** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7449** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7450** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7451** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7452** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7453** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7454** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7455** page cache.)^
7456**
7457** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7458** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7459** It can be used to clean up
7460** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7461** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7462**
7463** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7464** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7465** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7466** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7467** in multithreaded applications.
7468**
7469** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7470** call to xShutdown().
7471**
7472** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7473** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7474** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7475** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7476** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7477** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7478** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7479** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7480** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7481** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7482** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7483** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7484** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7485** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7486** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7487** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7488** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7489** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7490** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7491** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7492** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7493** never contain any unpinned pages.
7494**
7495** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7496** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7497** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7498** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7499** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7500** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7501** value; it is advisory only.
7502**
7503** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7504** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7505** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7506**
7507** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7508** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7509** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7510** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7511** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7512** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7513** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7514** for each entry in the page cache.
7515**
7516** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7517** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7518** to be "pinned".
7519**
7520** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7521** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7522** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7523** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7524** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7525**
7526** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7527** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7528** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7529** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7530**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7531** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7532**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7533** </table>
7534**
7535** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7536** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7537** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7538** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7539** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7540**
7541** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7542** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7543** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7544** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7545** ^If the discard parameter is
7546** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7547** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7548** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7549**
7550** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7551** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7552** to xFetch().
7553**
7554** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7555** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7556** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7557** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7558** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7559** to be pinned.
7560**
7561** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7562** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7563** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7564** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7565** they can be safely discarded.
7566**
7567** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7568** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7569** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7570** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7571** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7572** functions.
7573**
7574** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7575** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7576** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7577** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7578** do their best.
7579*/
7580typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7581struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7582  int iVersion;
7583  void *pArg;
7584  int (*xInit)(void*);
7585  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7586  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7587  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7588  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7589  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7590  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7591  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7592      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7593  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7594  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7595  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7596};
7597
7598/*
7599** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7600** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7601** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7602*/
7603typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7604struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7605  void *pArg;
7606  int (*xInit)(void*);
7607  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7608  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7609  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7610  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7611  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7612  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7613  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7614  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7615  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7616};
7617
7618
7619/*
7620** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7621**
7622** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7623** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7624** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7625** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7626**
7627** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7628*/
7629typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7630
7631/*
7632** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7633**
7634** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7635** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7636** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7637**
7638** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7639**
7640** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7641** for the duration of the backup operation.
7642** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7643** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7644** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7645** preventing other database connections from
7646** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7647**
7648** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7649**   <ol>
7650**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7651**         backup,
7652**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7653**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7654**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7655**         associated with the backup operation.
7656**   </ol>)^
7657** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7658** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7659**
7660** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7661**
7662** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7663** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7664** and the database name, respectively.
7665** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7666** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7667** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7668** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7669** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7670** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7671** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7672** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7673** an error.
7674**
7675** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7676** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7677** destination database.
7678**
7679** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7680** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7681** destination [database connection] D.
7682** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7683** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7684** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7685** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7686** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7687** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7688** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7689** operation.
7690**
7691** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7692**
7693** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7694** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7695** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7696** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7697** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7698** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7699** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7700** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7701** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7702** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7703** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7704** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7705**
7706** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7707** <ol>
7708** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7709** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7710** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7711** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7712** destination and source page sizes differ.
7713** </ol>)^
7714**
7715** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7716** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7717** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7718** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7719** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7720** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7721** [database connection]
7722** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7723** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7724** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7725** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7726** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7727** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7728** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7729** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7730** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7731**
7732** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7733** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7734** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7735** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7736** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7737** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7738** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7739** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7740** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7741** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7742** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7743** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7744** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7745** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7746** updated at the same time.
7747**
7748** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7749**
7750** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7751** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7752** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7753** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7754** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7755** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7756** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7757** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7758** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7759**
7760** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7761** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7762** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7763** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7764** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7765** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7766**
7767** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7768** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7769** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7770**
7771** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7772** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7773**
7774** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7775** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7776** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7777** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7778** sqlite3_backup_step().
7779** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7780** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7781** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7782** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7783** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7784** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7785**
7786** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7787**
7788** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7789** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7790** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7791** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7792** from within other threads.
7793**
7794** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7795** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7796** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7797** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7798** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7799** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7800** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7801** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7802**
7803** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7804** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7805** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7806** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7807** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7808** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7809**
7810** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7811** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7812** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7813** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7814** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7815** possible that they return invalid values.
7816*/
7817sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7818  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7819  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7820  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7821  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7822);
7823int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7824int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7825int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7826int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7827
7828/*
7829** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7830** METHOD: sqlite3
7831**
7832** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7833** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7834** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7835** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7836** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7837** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7838** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7839** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7840**
7841** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7842**
7843** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7844** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7845**
7846** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7847** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7848** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7849** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7850** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7851** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7852** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7853** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7854** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7855** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7856**
7857** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7858** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7859** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7860** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7861** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7862**
7863** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7864** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7865** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7866** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7867**
7868** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7869** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7870** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7871** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7872** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7873** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7874** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7875** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7876**
7877** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7878** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7879** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7880**
7881** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7882** returns SQLITE_OK.
7883**
7884** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7885**
7886** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7887** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7888** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7889** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7890** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7891** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7892**
7893** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7894** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7895** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7896** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7897** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7898** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7899** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7900** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7901**
7902** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7903**
7904** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7905** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7906** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7907** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7908** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7909** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7910** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7911**
7912** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7913** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7914** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7915** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7916** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7917** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7918** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7919** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7920** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7921** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7922** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7923** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7924**
7925** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7926**
7927** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7928** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7929** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7930** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7931** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7932** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7933** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7934** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7935** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7936**
7937** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7938** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7939** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7940** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7941** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7942*/
7943int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7944  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7945  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7946  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7947);
7948
7949
7950/*
7951** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7952**
7953** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7954** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7955** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7956** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7957*/
7958int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7959int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7960
7961/*
7962** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7963*
7964** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7965** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7966** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7967** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7968** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7969** is case sensitive.
7970**
7971** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7972** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7973**
7974** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7975*/
7976int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7977
7978/*
7979** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7980*
7981** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7982** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7983** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7984** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7985** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7986** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7987** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7988** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7989** one another.
7990**
7991** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7992** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7993**
7994** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7995** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7996**
7997** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7998*/
7999int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8000
8001/*
8002** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8003**
8004** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8005** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8006** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8007** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8008**
8009** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8010** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8011** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8012** is considered bad form.
8013**
8014** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8015**
8016** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8017** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8018** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8019** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8020** buffer.
8021*/
8022void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8023
8024/*
8025** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8026** METHOD: sqlite3
8027**
8028** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8029** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8030**
8031** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8032** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8033** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8034**
8035** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8036** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8037** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8038** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8039** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8040** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8041** including those that were just committed.
8042**
8043** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8044** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8045** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8046** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8047** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8048** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8049** are undefined.
8050**
8051** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8052** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8053** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8054** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8055** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8056** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8057*/
8058void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8059  sqlite3*,
8060  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8061  void*
8062);
8063
8064/*
8065** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8066** METHOD: sqlite3
8067**
8068** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8069** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8070** to automatically [checkpoint]
8071** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8072** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8073** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8074** checkpoints entirely.
8075**
8076** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8077** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8078** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8079** configured by this function.
8080**
8081** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8082** from SQL.
8083**
8084** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8085** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8086**
8087** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8088** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8089** pages.  The use of this interface
8090** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8091** for a particular application.
8092*/
8093int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8094
8095/*
8096** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8097** METHOD: sqlite3
8098**
8099** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8100** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8101**
8102** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8103** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8104** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8105** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8106** information.
8107**
8108** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8109** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8110** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8111** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8112** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8113** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8114*/
8115int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8116
8117/*
8118** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8119** METHOD: sqlite3
8120**
8121** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8122** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8123** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8124** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8125**
8126** <dl>
8127** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8128**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8129**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8130**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8131**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8132**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8133**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8134**
8135** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8136**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8137**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8138**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8139**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8140**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8141**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8142**
8143** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8144**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8145**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8146**   [busy-handler callback])
8147**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8148**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8149**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8150**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8151**
8152** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8153**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8154**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8155**   to a successful return.
8156** </dl>
8157**
8158** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8159** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8160** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8161** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8162** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8163** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8164** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8165** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8166** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8167**
8168** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8169** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8170** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8171** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8172**
8173** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8174** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8175** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8176** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8177** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8178** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8179** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8180** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8181** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8182** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8183**
8184** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8185** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8186** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8187** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8188** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8189** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8190** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8191** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8192** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8193** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8194** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8195**
8196** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8197** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8198** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8199** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8200**
8201** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8202** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8203** sets the error information that is queried by
8204** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8205**
8206** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8207** from SQL.
8208*/
8209int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8210  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8211  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8212  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8213  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8214  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8215);
8216
8217/*
8218** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8219** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8220**
8221** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8222** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8223** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8224** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8225*/
8226#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8227#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8228#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8229#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8230
8231/*
8232** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8233**
8234** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8235** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8236** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8237**
8238** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8239** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8240**
8241** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8242** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8243** may be added in the future.
8244*/
8245int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8246
8247/*
8248** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8249**
8250** These macros define the various options to the
8251** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8252** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8253**
8254** <dl>
8255** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8256** <dd>Calls of the form
8257** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8258** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8259** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8260** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8261** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8262** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8263** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8264** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8265**
8266** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8267** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8268** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8269** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8270** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8271** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8272** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8273** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8274** had been ABORT.
8275**
8276** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8277** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8278** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8279** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8280** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8281** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8282** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8283** constraint handling.
8284** </dl>
8285*/
8286#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8287
8288/*
8289** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8290**
8291** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8292** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8293** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8294** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8295** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8296** [virtual table].
8297*/
8298int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8299
8300/*
8301** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8302**
8303** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8304** method of a [virtual table].
8305**
8306** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8307** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8308** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8309** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8310** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8311** constraint.
8312*/
8313SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8314
8315/*
8316** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8317** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8318**
8319** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8320** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8321** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8322**
8323** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8324** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8325** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8326*/
8327#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8328/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8329#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8330/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8331#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8332
8333/*
8334** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8335** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8336**
8337** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8338** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8339** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8340**
8341** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8342** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8343** S is finalized.
8344**
8345** <dl>
8346** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8347** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8348** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8349**
8350** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8351** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8352** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8353**
8354** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8355** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8356** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8357** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8358** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8359** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8360** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8361**
8362** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8363** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8364** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8365** used for the X-th loop.
8366**
8367** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8368** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8369** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8370** description for the X-th loop.
8371**
8372** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8373** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8374** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8375** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8376** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8377** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8378** </dl>
8379*/
8380#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8381#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8382#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8383#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8384#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8385#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8386
8387/*
8388** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8389** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8390**
8391** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8392** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8393** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8394** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8395**
8396** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8397** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8398** compile-time option.
8399**
8400** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8401** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8402** of this interface is undefined.
8403** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8404** the "pOut" parameter.
8405** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8406** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8407** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8408** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8409** points to is unchanged.
8410**
8411** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8412** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8413** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8414** that pOut points to unchanged.
8415**
8416** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8417*/
8418int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8419  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8420  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8421  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8422  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8423);
8424
8425/*
8426** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8427** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8428**
8429** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8430**
8431** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8432** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8433*/
8434void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8435
8436/*
8437** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8438**
8439** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8440** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8441** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8442** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8443** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8444** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8445** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8446** any [attached] databases.
8447**
8448** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8449** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8450** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8451** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8452** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8453** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8454** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8455** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8456**
8457** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8458** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8459** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8460**
8461** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8462**
8463** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8464** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8465*/
8466int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8467
8468/*
8469** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8470**
8471** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8472** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8473**
8474** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8475** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8476** on a database table.
8477** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8478** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8479** the previous setting.
8480** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8481** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8482** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8483** the first parameter to callbacks.
8484**
8485** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8486** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8487** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8488**
8489** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8490** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8491** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8492** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8493** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8494** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8495** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8496** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8497** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8498** databases.)^
8499** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8500** table that is being modified.
8501**
8502** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8503** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8504** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8505** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8506** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8507** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8508** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8509** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8510** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8511**
8512** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8513** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8514** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8515** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8516** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8517** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8518** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8519** behavior.
8520**
8521** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8522** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8523**
8524** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8525** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8526** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8527** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8528** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8529** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8530** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8531** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8532**
8533** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8534** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8535** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8536** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8537** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8538** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8539** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8540** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8541**
8542** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8543** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8544** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8545** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8546** triggers; and so forth.
8547**
8548** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8549*/
8550#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8551void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8552  sqlite3 *db,
8553  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8554    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8555    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8556    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8557    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8558    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8559    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8560    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8561  ),
8562  void*
8563);
8564int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8565int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8566int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8567int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8568#endif
8569
8570/*
8571** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8572**
8573** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8574** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8575** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8576** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8577** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8578** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8579*/
8580int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8581
8582/*
8583** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8584** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8585** EXPERIMENTAL
8586**
8587** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8588** database for some specific point in history.
8589**
8590** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8591** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8592** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8593** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8594** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8595** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8596** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8597**
8598** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8599** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8600** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8601** the most recent version.
8602**
8603** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8604** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8605** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8606** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8607*/
8608typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8609  unsigned char hidden[48];
8610} sqlite3_snapshot;
8611
8612/*
8613** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8614** EXPERIMENTAL
8615**
8616** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8617** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8618** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8619** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8620** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8621** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8622** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8623**
8624** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8625** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8626** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8627** in this case.
8628**
8629** <ul>
8630**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8631**
8632**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8633**
8634**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8635**        connection D.
8636**
8637**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8638**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8639**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8640**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8641**        must be written to it first.
8642** </ul>
8643**
8644** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8645** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8646** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8647**
8648** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8649** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8650** to avoid a memory leak.
8651**
8652** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8653** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8654*/
8655SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8656  sqlite3 *db,
8657  const char *zSchema,
8658  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8659);
8660
8661/*
8662** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8663** EXPERIMENTAL
8664**
8665** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8666** read transaction for schema S of
8667** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8668** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8669** recent change to the database.
8670** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8671** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8672**
8673** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8674** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8675** out of [autocommit mode].
8676** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8677** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8678** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8679** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8680** [checkpoint].
8681** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8682** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8683** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8684** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8685** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8686** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8687** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8688** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8689**
8690** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8691** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8692*/
8693SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8694  sqlite3 *db,
8695  const char *zSchema,
8696  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8697);
8698
8699/*
8700** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8701** EXPERIMENTAL
8702**
8703** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8704** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8705** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8706**
8707** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8708** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8709*/
8710SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8711
8712/*
8713** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8714** EXPERIMENTAL
8715**
8716** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8717** of two valid snapshot handles.
8718**
8719** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8720** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8721**
8722** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8723** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8724** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8725** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8726** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8727** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8728** is undefined.
8729**
8730** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8731** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8732** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8733*/
8734SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8735  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8736  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8737);
8738
8739/*
8740** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8741** EXPERIMENTAL
8742**
8743** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8744** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8745** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
8746** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
8747** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
8748** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
8749** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
8750**
8751** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
8752** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
8753** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
8754** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
8755** database.
8756**
8757** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
8758*/
8759SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8760
8761/*
8762** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8763** builds on processors without floating point support.
8764*/
8765#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8766# undef double
8767#endif
8768
8769#ifdef __cplusplus
8770}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8771#endif
8772#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8773