xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 84c501ba)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#endif
193
194/*
195** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196**
197** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200**
201** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207**
208** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212**
213** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216**
217** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227**
228** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229*/
230int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231
232/*
233** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235**
236** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241** interfaces (such as
242** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244** sqlite3 object.
245*/
246typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247
248/*
249** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251**
252** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254**
255** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257** compatibility only.
258**
259** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263*/
264#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268# else
269    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270# endif
271#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274#else
275  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277#endif
278typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280
281/*
282** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283** substitute integer for floating-point.
284*/
285#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286# define double sqlite3_int64
287#endif
288
289/*
290** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292**
293** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294** for the [sqlite3] object.
295** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297** resources are deallocated.
298**
299** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309**
310** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319**
320** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322**
323** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324** must be either a NULL
325** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329** argument is a harmless no-op.
330*/
331int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333
334/*
335** The type for a callback function.
336** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337** compatibility and is not documented.
338*/
339typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340
341/*
342** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343** METHOD: sqlite3
344**
345** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348** without having to use a lot of C code.
349**
350** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359** ignored.
360**
361** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371** NULL before returning.
372**
373** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376**
377** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386**
387** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390** is not changed.
391**
392** Restrictions:
393**
394** <ul>
395** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396**      is a valid and open [database connection].
397** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401** </ul>
402*/
403int sqlite3_exec(
404  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409);
410
411/*
412** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414**
415** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417**
418** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419**
420** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421*/
422#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423/* beginning-of-error-codes */
424#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454/* end-of-error-codes */
455
456/*
457** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459**
460** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465** and later) include
466** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468** on a per database connection basis using the
469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470** the most recent error can be obtained using
471** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472*/
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
507#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
508#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
509#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
510#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
516#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
518#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
519#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
520#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
521#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
523#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
524#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
525#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
526#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
527#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
528#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
534#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
535#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
536#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
537#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
538#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
539#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
540
541/*
542** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
543**
544** These bit values are intended for use in the
545** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
546** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
547*/
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
567#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
568
569/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
570
571/*
572** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
573**
574** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
575** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
576** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
577** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
578** refers to.
579**
580** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
581** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
582** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
583** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
584** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
585** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
586** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
587** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
588** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
589** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
590** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
591** file that were written at the application level might have changed
592** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
593** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
594** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
595** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
596** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
597** elevated privileges.
598**
599** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
600** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
601** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
602** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
603*/
604#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
605#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
606#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
607#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
608#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
609#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
618#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
619
620/*
621** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
622**
623** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
624** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
625** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
626*/
627#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
628#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
629#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
630#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
631#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
632
633/*
634** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
635**
636** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
637** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
638** these integer values as the second argument.
639**
640** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
641** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
642** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
643** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
644** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
645** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
646**
647** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
648** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
649** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
650** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
651** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
652** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
653** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
654** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
655** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
656** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
657** cares about the difference.)
658*/
659#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
660#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
661#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
662
663/*
664** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
665**
666** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
667** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
668** implementations will
669** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
670** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
671** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
672** I/O operations on the open file.
673*/
674typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
675struct sqlite3_file {
676  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
677};
678
679/*
680** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
681**
682** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
683** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
684** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
685** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
686** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
687**
688** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
689** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
690** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
691** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
692** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
693** to NULL.
694**
695** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
696** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
697** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
698** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
699** and not its inode needs to be synced.
700**
701** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
702** <ul>
703** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
704** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
705** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
706** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
707** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
708** </ul>
709** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
710** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
711** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
712** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
713** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
714**
715** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
716** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
717** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
718** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
719** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
720** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
721** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
722** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
723** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
724** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
725** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
726** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
727** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
728** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
729** recognize.
730**
731** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
732** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
733** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
734** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
735** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
736** underlying device:
737**
738** <ul>
739** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
740** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
741** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
742** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
743** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
744** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
753** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
754** </ul>
755**
756** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
757** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
758** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
759** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
760** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
761** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
762** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
763** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
764** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
765** to xWrite().
766**
767** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
768** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
769** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
770** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
771** database corruption.
772*/
773typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
774struct sqlite3_io_methods {
775  int iVersion;
776  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
777  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
778  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
779  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
780  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
781  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
782  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
783  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
784  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
785  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
786  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
787  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
788  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
789  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
790  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
791  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
792  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
793  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
794  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
795  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
796  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
797  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
798};
799
800/*
801** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
802** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
803**
804** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
805** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
806** interface.
807**
808** <ul>
809** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
810** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
811** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
812** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
813** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
814** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
815** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
816** compile-time option is used.
817**
818** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
819** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
820** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
821** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
822** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
823** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
824** file run faster.
825**
826** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
827** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
828** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
829** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
830** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
831** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
832** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
833** improve performance on some systems.
834**
835** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
836** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
837** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
838** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
839**
840** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
841** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
842** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
843** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
844** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
845**
846** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
847** No longer in use.
848**
849** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
850** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
851** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
852** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
853** because the user has configured SQLite with
854** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
855** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
856** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
857** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
858** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
859** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
860** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
861** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
862**
863** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
864** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
865** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
866** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
867** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
868** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
869** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
870**
871** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
872** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
873** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
874** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
875** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
876** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
877** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
878** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
879** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
880** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
881** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
882** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
883** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
884** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
885** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
886** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
887**
888** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
889** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
890** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
891** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
892** files used for transaction control
893** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
894** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
895** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
896** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
897** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
898** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
899** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
900** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
901** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
902** WAL persistence setting.
903**
904** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
905** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
906** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
907** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
908** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
909** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
910** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
911** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
912** zero-damage mode setting.
913**
914** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
915** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
916** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
917** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
918** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
919**
920** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
921** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
922** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
923** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
924** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
925** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
926** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
927** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
928** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
929** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
930** is intended for diagnostic use only.
931**
932** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
933** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
934** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
935** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
936** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
937** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
938** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
939** upper-most shim only.
940**
941** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
942** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
943** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
944** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
945** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
946** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
947** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
948** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
949** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
950** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
951** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
952** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
953** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
954** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
955** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
956** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
957** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
958** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
959** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
960** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
961** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
962** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
963** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
964** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
965**
966** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
967** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
968** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
969** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
970** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
971** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
972** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
973** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
974** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
975** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
976** current operation.
977**
978** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
979** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
980** to have SQLite generate a
981** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
982** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
983** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
984** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
985** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
986**
987** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
988** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
989** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
990** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
991** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
992** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
993** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
994** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
995** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
996**
997** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
998** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
999** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1000** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1001** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1002** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1003** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1004**
1005** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1006** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1007** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1008** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1009** was first opened.
1010**
1011** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1012** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1013** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1014** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1015** writes the resulting value there.
1016**
1017** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1018** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1019** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1020** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1021** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1022**
1023** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1024** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1025** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1026** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1027** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1028** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1029**
1030** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1031** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1032** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1033**
1034** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1035** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1036** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1037** this opcode.
1038**
1039** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1040** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1041** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1042** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1043** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1044** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1045** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1046** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1047** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1048** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1049** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1050** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1051**
1052** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1053** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1054** operations since the previous successful call to
1055** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1056** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1057** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1058** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1059** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1060** write operations are independent.
1061** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1062** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1063**
1064** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1065** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1066** operations since the previous successful call to
1067** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1068** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1069** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1070** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1071** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1072**
1073** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1074** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1075** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1076** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1077** unsigned integer parameter.
1078**
1079** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1080** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1081** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1082** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1083** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1084** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1085** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1086** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1087** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1088** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1089** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1090** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1091** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1092** [PRAGMA data_version] command provide a mechanism to detect changes to
1093** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1094** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1095** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1096** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1097** a particular attached database.
1098** </ul>
1099*/
1100#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1101#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1102#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1103#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1104#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1105#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1106#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1107#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1108#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1109#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1110#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1111#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1112#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1113#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1114#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1115#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1116#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1117#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1118#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1119#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1120#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1121#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1122#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1123#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1124#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1125#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1126#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1127#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1128#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1129#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1130#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1131#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1132#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1133#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1134
1135/* deprecated names */
1136#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1137#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1138#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1139
1140
1141/*
1142** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1143**
1144** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1145** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1146** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1147** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1148**
1149** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1150*/
1151typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1152
1153/*
1154** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1155**
1156** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1157** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1158** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1159** on some platforms.
1160*/
1161typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1162
1163/*
1164** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1165**
1166** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1167** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1168** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1169** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1170**
1171** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1172** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1173** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1174** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1175** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1176** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1177** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1178** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1179** Note that the structure
1180** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1181** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1182** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1183**
1184** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1185** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1186** a pathname in this VFS.
1187**
1188** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1189** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1190** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1191** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1192** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1193** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1194**
1195** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1196** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1197** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1198** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1199** object once the object has been registered.
1200**
1201** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1202** be unique across all VFS modules.
1203**
1204** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1205** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1206** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1207** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1208** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1209** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1210** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1211** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1212** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1213** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1214** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1215** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1216** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1217** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1218** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1219** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1220**
1221** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1222** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1223** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1224** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1225** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1226** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1227**
1228** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1229** call, depending on the object being opened:
1230**
1231** <ul>
1232** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1233** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1234** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1235** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1236** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1237** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1238** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1239** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1240** </ul>)^
1241**
1242** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1243** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1244** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1245** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1246** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1247** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1248** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1249** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1250**
1251** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1252**
1253** <ul>
1254** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1255** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1256** </ul>
1257**
1258** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1259** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1260** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1261** databases, and subjournals.
1262**
1263** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1264** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1265** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1266** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1267** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1268** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1269** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1270** for exclusive access.
1271**
1272** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1273** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1274** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1275** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1276** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1277** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1278** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1279** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1280** or failure of the xOpen call.
1281**
1282** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1283** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1284** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1285** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1286** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1287** directory.
1288**
1289** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1290** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1291** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1292** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1293** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1294** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1295**
1296** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1297** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1298** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1299** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1300** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1301** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1302** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1303** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1304** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1305** a floating point value.
1306** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1307** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1308** a 24-hour day).
1309** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1310** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1311** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1312** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1313**
1314** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1315** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1316** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1317** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1318** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1319** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1320** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1321** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1322** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1323** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1324** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1325*/
1326typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1327typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1328struct sqlite3_vfs {
1329  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1330  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1331  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1332  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1333  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1334  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1335  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1336               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1337  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1338  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1339  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1340  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1341  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1342  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1343  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1344  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1345  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1346  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1347  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1348  /*
1349  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1350  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1351  */
1352  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1353  /*
1354  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1355  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1356  */
1357  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1358  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1359  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1360  /*
1361  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1362  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1363  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1364  */
1365};
1366
1367/*
1368** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1369**
1370** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1371** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1372** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1373** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1374** simply checks whether the file exists.
1375** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1376** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1377** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1378** the directory).
1379** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1380** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1381** release of SQLite.
1382** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1383** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1384** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1385** SQLite.
1386*/
1387#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1388#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1389#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1390
1391/*
1392** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1393**
1394** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1395** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1396** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1397** xShmLock method:
1398**
1399** <ul>
1400** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1401** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1402** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1403** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1404** </ul>
1405**
1406** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1407** was given on the corresponding lock.
1408**
1409** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1410** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1411** and EXCLUSIVE.
1412*/
1413#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1414#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1415#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1416#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1417
1418/*
1419** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1420**
1421** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1422** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1423** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1424** lock outside of this range
1425*/
1426#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1427
1428
1429/*
1430** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1431**
1432** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1433** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1434** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1435** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1436** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1437** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1438**
1439** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1440** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1441** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1442** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1443** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1444** are harmless no-ops.)^
1445**
1446** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1447** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1448** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1449** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1450**
1451** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1452** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1453** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1454** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1455** sqlite3_shutdown().
1456**
1457** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1458** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1459** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1460**
1461** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1462** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1463** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1464** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1465**
1466** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1467** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1468** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1469** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1470** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1471** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1472** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1473** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1474** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1475** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1476** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1477** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1478** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1479** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1480**
1481** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1482** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1483** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1484** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1485** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1486** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1487** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1488**
1489** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1490** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1491** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1492** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1493** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1494** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1495** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1496** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1497** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1498** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1499** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1500** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1501** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1502** failure.
1503*/
1504int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1505int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1506int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1507int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1508
1509/*
1510** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1511**
1512** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1513** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1514** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1515** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1516** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1517**
1518** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1519** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1520** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1521**
1522** The sqlite3_config() interface
1523** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1524** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1525** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1526** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1527** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1528** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1529**
1530** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1531** [configuration option] that determines
1532** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1533** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1534** in the first argument.
1535**
1536** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1537** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1538** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1539*/
1540int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1541
1542/*
1543** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1544** METHOD: sqlite3
1545**
1546** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1547** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1548** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1549** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1550**
1551** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1552** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1553** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1554** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1555**
1556** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1557** the call is considered successful.
1558*/
1559int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1560
1561/*
1562** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1563**
1564** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1565** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1566**
1567** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1568** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1569** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1570** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1571** By creating an instance of this object
1572** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1573** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1574** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1575** dynamic memory needs.
1576**
1577** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1578** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1579** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1580** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1581** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1582** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1583** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1584** conditions.
1585**
1586** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1587** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1588** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1589** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1590**
1591** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1592** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1593** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1594**
1595** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1596** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1597** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1598** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1599** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1600** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1601** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1602**
1603** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1604** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1605** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1606** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1607** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1608** xInit and xShutdown.
1609**
1610** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1611** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1612** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1613** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1614** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1615** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1616** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1617** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1618** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1619** serialization.
1620**
1621** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1622** call to xShutdown().
1623*/
1624typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1625struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1626  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1627  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1628  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1629  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1630  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1631  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1632  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1633  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1634};
1635
1636/*
1637** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1638** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1639**
1640** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1641** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1642**
1643** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1644** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1645** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1646** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1647** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1648** is invoked.
1649**
1650** <dl>
1651** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1652** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1653** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1654** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1655** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1656** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1657** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1658** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1659** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1660** configuration option.</dd>
1661**
1662** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1663** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1664** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1665** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1666** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1667** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1668** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1669** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1670** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1671** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1672** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1673** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1674** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1675**
1676** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1677** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1678** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1679** all mutexes including the recursive
1680** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1681** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1682** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1683** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1684** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1685** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1686** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1687** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1688** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1689** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1690** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1691**
1692** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1693** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1694** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1695** The argument specifies
1696** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1697** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1698** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1699** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1700**
1701** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1702** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1703** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1704** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1705** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1706** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1707** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1708** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1709**
1710** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1711** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1712** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1713** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1714** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1715** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1716** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1717** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1718** </dd>
1719**
1720** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1721** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1722** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1723** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1724** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1725**   <ul>
1726**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1727**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1728**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1729**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1730**   </ul>)^
1731** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1732** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1733** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1734** </dd>
1735**
1736** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1737** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1738** </dd>
1739**
1740** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1741** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1742** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1743** cache implementation.
1744** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1745** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1746** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1747** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1748** and the number of cache lines (N).
1749** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1750** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1751** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1752** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1753** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1754** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1755** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1756** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1757** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1758** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1759** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1760** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1761** is exhausted.
1762** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1763** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1764** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1765** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1766** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1767** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1768** additional cache line. </dd>
1769**
1770** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1771** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1772** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1773** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1774** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1775** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1776** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1777** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1778** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1779** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1780** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1781** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1782** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1783** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1784** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1785** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1786** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1787** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1788** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1789**
1790** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1791** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1792** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1793** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1794** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1795** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1796** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1797** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1798** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1799** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1800** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1801**
1802** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1803** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1804** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1805** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1806** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1807** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1808** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1809** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1810** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1811** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1812** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1813** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1814**
1815** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1816** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1817** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1818** The first argument is the
1819** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1820** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1821** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1822** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1823** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1824**
1825** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1826** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1827** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1828** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1829** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1830**
1831** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1832** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1833** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1834** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1835**
1836** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1837** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1838** global [error log].
1839** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1840** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1841** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1842** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1843** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1844** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1845** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1846** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1847** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1848** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1849** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1850** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1851** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1852** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1853** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1854** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1855**
1856** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1857** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1858** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1859** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1860** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1861** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1862** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1863** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1864** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1865** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1866** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1867** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1868** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1869**
1870** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1871** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1872** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1873** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1874** ^The default setting is determined
1875** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1876** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1877** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1878** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1879** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1880** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1881** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1882**
1883** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1884** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1885** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1886** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1887** </dd>
1888**
1889** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1890** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1891** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1892** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1893** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1894** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1895** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1896** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1897** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1898** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1899** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1900** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1901** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1902** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1903** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1904** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1905**
1906** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1907** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1908** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1909** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1910** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1911** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1912** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1913** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1914** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1915** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1916** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1917** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1918** changed to its compile-time default.
1919**
1920** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1921** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1922** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1923** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1924** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1925** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1926**
1927** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1928** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1929** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1930** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1931** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1932** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1933** target platform, and SQLite version.
1934**
1935** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1936** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1937** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1938** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1939** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1940** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1941** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1942** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1943** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1944** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1945**
1946** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1947** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1948** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1949** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1950** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1951** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1952** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1953** exclusively in memory.
1954** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1955** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1956** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1957** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1958** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1959**
1960** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1961** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1962** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1963** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1964** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1965** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1966** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1967** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1968** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1969** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1970** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1971** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1972** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1973** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1974** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1975** </dl>
1976*/
1977#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1978#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1979#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1980#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1981#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1982#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1983#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1984#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1985#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1986#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1987#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1988/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1989#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1990#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1991#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1992#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1993#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1994#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1995#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1996#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1997#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1998#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1999#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2000#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2001#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2002#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2003#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2004#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2005
2006/*
2007** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2008**
2009** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2010** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2011**
2012** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2013** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2014** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2015** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2016** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2017** is invoked.
2018**
2019** <dl>
2020** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2021** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2022** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2023** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2024** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2025** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2026** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2027** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2028** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2029** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2030** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2031** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2032** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2033** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2034** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2035** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2036** when the "current value" returned by
2037** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2038** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2039** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2040** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2041**
2042** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2043** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2044** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2045** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2046** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2047** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2048** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2049** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2050** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2051**
2052** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2053** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2054** There should be two additional arguments.
2055** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2056** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2057** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2058** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2059** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2060** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2061**
2062** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2063** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2064** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2065** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2066** There should be two additional arguments.
2067** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2068** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2069** unchanged.
2070** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2071** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2072** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2073** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2074**
2075** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2076** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2077** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2078** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2079** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2080** There should be two additional arguments.
2081** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2082** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2083** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2084** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2085** C-API or the SQL function.
2086** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2087** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2088** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2089** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2090** </dd>
2091**
2092** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2093** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2094** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2095** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2096** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2097** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2098** until after the database connection closes.
2099** </dd>
2100**
2101** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2102** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2103** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2104** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2105** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2106** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2107** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2108** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2109** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2110** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2111** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2112** </dd>
2113**
2114** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2115** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2116** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2117** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2118** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2119** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2120** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2121** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2122** was used during testing in the lab.
2123** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2124** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2125** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2126** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2127** following this call.
2128** </dd>
2129**
2130** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2131** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2132** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2133** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2134** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2135** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2136** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2137** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2138** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2139** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2140** </dd>
2141**
2142** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2143** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2144** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2145** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2146** a badly corrupted database file:
2147** <ol>
2148** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2149**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2150**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2151**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2152**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2153**      the reset.
2154** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2155** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2156** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2157** </ol>
2158** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2159** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2160** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2161**
2162** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2163** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option actives or deactivates the
2164** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2165** flag is enabled, some obscure features of SQLite are disabled in order
2166** to reduce the attack surface. Applications that run untrusted SQL
2167** can activate this flag to reduce the risk of zero-day exploits.
2168** <p>
2169** Features disabled by the defensive flag include:
2170** <ul>
2171** <li>The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2172** <li>Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2173** </ul>
2174** New restrictions may be added in future releases.
2175** <p>
2176** To be clear: It should never be possible for hostile SQL to cause
2177** arbitrary memory reads, memory leaks, buffer overflows, assertion
2178** faults, arbitrary code execution, crashes, or other mischief, regardless
2179** of the value of the defensive flag.  Any occurrance of these problems
2180** is considered a serious bug and will be fixed promptly.  It is not
2181** necessary to enable the defensive flag in order to make SQLite secure
2182** against attack. The defensive flag merely provides an additional layer
2183** of defense against unknown vulnerabilities.
2184** </dd>
2185** </dl>
2186*/
2187#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2188#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2189#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2190#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2191#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2192#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2193#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2194#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2195#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2196#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2197#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2198#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1010 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2199
2200/*
2201** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2202** METHOD: sqlite3
2203**
2204** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2205** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2206** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2207*/
2208int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2209
2210/*
2211** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2212** METHOD: sqlite3
2213**
2214** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2215** has a unique 64-bit signed
2216** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2217** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2218** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2219** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2220** is another alias for the rowid.
2221**
2222** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2223** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2224** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2225** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2226** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2227** zero.
2228**
2229** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2230** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2231** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2232**
2233** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2234** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2235** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2236** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2237** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2238** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2239** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2240** control to the user.
2241**
2242** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2243** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2244** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2245** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2246**
2247** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2248** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2249** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2250** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2251** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2252** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2253** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2254** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2255** the return value of this interface.)^
2256**
2257** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2258** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2259**
2260** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2261** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2262**
2263** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2264** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2265** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2266** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2267** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2268** last insert [rowid].
2269*/
2270sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2271
2272/*
2273** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2274** METHOD: sqlite3
2275**
2276** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2277** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2278** without inserting a row into the database.
2279*/
2280void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2281
2282/*
2283** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2284** METHOD: sqlite3
2285**
2286** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2287** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2288** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2289** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2290** returned by this function.
2291**
2292** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2293** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2294** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2295**
2296** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2297** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2298** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2299** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2300** tables are counted.
2301**
2302** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2303** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2304** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2305** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2306**
2307** <ul>
2308**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2309**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2310**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2311**
2312**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2313**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2314**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2315**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2316**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2317** </ul>
2318**
2319** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2320** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2321** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2322** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2323** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2324** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2325**
2326** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2327** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2328** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2329**
2330** See also:
2331** <ul>
2332** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2333** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2334** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2335** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2336** </ul>
2337*/
2338int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2339
2340/*
2341** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2342** METHOD: sqlite3
2343**
2344** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2345** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2346** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2347** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2348** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2349**
2350** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2351** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2352** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2353** are not counted.
2354**
2355** This the [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2356** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2357** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2358** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2359** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2360** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2361**
2362** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2363** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2364** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2365**
2366** See also:
2367** <ul>
2368** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2369** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2370** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2371** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2372** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2373** </ul>
2374*/
2375int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2376
2377/*
2378** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2379** METHOD: sqlite3
2380**
2381** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2382** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2383** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2384** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2385** immediately.
2386**
2387** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2388** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2389** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2390** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2391**
2392** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2393** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2394** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2395**
2396** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2397** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2398** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2399** will be rolled back automatically.
2400**
2401** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2402** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2403** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2404** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2405** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2406** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2407** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2408** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2409** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2410** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2411*/
2412void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2413
2414/*
2415** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2416**
2417** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2418** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2419** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2420** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2421** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2422** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2423** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2424** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2425** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2426** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2427** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2428**
2429** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2430** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2431**
2432** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2433** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2434**
2435** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2436** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2437** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2438** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2439** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2440**
2441** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2442** UTF-8 string.
2443**
2444** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2445** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2446*/
2447int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2448int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2449
2450/*
2451** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2452** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2453** METHOD: sqlite3
2454**
2455** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2456** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2457** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2458** [database connection] D when another thread
2459** or process has the table locked.
2460** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2461** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2462**
2463** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2464** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2465** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2466**
2467** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2468** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2469** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2470** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2471** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2472** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2473** to the application.
2474** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2475** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2476**
2477** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2478** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2479** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2480** to the application instead of invoking the
2481** busy handler.
2482** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2483** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2484** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2485** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2486** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2487** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2488** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2489** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2490** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2491** the second process to proceed.
2492**
2493** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2494**
2495** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2496** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2497** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2498** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2499** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2500**
2501** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2502** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2503** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2504** result in undefined behavior.
2505**
2506** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2507** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2508*/
2509int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2510
2511/*
2512** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2513** METHOD: sqlite3
2514**
2515** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2516** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2517** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2518** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2519** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2520** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2521**
2522** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2523** turns off all busy handlers.
2524**
2525** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2526** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2527** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2528** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2529**
2530** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2531*/
2532int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2533
2534/*
2535** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2536** METHOD: sqlite3
2537**
2538** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2539** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2540**
2541** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2542** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2543** complete query results from one or more queries.
2544**
2545** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2546** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2547** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2548** and M be the number of columns.
2549**
2550** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2551** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2552** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2553** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2554** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2555** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2556**
2557** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2558** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2559** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2560**
2561** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2562** is as follows:
2563**
2564** <blockquote><pre>
2565**        Name        | Age
2566**        -----------------------
2567**        Alice       | 43
2568**        Bob         | 28
2569**        Cindy       | 21
2570** </pre></blockquote>
2571**
2572** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2573** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2574** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2575**
2576** <blockquote><pre>
2577**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2578**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2579**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2580**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2581**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2582**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2583**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2584**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2585** </pre></blockquote>)^
2586**
2587** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2588** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2589** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2590** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2591**
2592** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2593** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2594** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2595** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2596** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2597** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2598**
2599** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2600** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2601** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2602** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2603** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2604** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2605** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2606*/
2607int sqlite3_get_table(
2608  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2609  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2610  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2611  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2612  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2613  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2614);
2615void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2616
2617/*
2618** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2619**
2620** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2621** from the standard C library.
2622** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2623** the standard library printf()
2624** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2625** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2626**
2627** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2628** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2629** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2630** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2631** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2632** memory to hold the resulting string.
2633**
2634** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2635** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2636** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2637** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2638** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2639** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2640** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2641** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2642** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2643** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2644** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2645** now without breaking compatibility.
2646**
2647** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2648** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2649** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2650** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2651** written will be n-1 characters.
2652**
2653** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2654**
2655** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2656*/
2657char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2658char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2659char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2660char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2661
2662/*
2663** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2664**
2665** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2666** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2667** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2668** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2669**
2670** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2671** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2672** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2673** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2674** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2675** a NULL pointer.
2676**
2677** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2678** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2679** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2680**
2681** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2682** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2683** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2684** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2685** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2686** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2687** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2688** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2689** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2690** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2691**
2692** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2693** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2694** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2695** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2696** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2697** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2698** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2699** sqlite3_free(X).
2700** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2701** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2702** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2703** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2704** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2705** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2706** prior allocation is not freed.
2707**
2708** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2709** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2710** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2711**
2712** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2713** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2714** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2715** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2716** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2717** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2718** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2719** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2720** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2721**
2722** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2723** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2724** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2725** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2726** option is used.
2727**
2728** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2729** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2730** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2731** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2732**
2733** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2734** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2735** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2736** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2737** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2738** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2739** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2740**
2741** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2742** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2743** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2744** not yet been released.
2745**
2746** The application must not read or write any part of
2747** a block of memory after it has been released using
2748** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2749*/
2750void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2751void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2752void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2753void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2754void sqlite3_free(void*);
2755sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2756
2757/*
2758** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2759**
2760** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2761** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2762** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2763**
2764** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2765** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2766** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2767** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2768** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2769** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2770** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2771** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2772** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2773**
2774** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2775** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2776** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2777** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2778** prior to the reset.
2779*/
2780sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2781sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2782
2783/*
2784** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2785**
2786** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2787** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2788** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2789** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2790** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2791**
2792** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2793** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2794**
2795** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2796** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2797** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2798** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2799** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2800** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2801** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2802** method.
2803*/
2804void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2805
2806/*
2807** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2808** METHOD: sqlite3
2809** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2810**
2811** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2812** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2813** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2814** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2815** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2816** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2817** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2818** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2819** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2820** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2821** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2822** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2823** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2824** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2825** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2826** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2827**
2828** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2829** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2830** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2831** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2832** access is denied.
2833**
2834** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2835** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2836** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2837** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2838** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2839** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2840** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2841** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2842**
2843** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2844** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2845** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2846** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2847** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2848** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2849** columns of a table.
2850** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2851** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2852** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2853** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2854** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2855** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2856** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2857**
2858** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2859** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2860** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2861** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2862** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2863** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2864** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2865** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2866** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2867** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2868**
2869** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2870** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2871** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2872** in addition to using an authorizer.
2873**
2874** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2875** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2876** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2877** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2878**
2879** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2880** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2881** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2882** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2883**
2884** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2885** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2886** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2887** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2888**
2889** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2890** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2891** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2892** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2893** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2894*/
2895int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2896  sqlite3*,
2897  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2898  void *pUserData
2899);
2900
2901/*
2902** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2903**
2904** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2905** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2906** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2907** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2908** information.
2909**
2910** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2911** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2912*/
2913#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2914#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2915
2916/*
2917** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2918**
2919** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2920** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2921** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2922** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2923** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2924**
2925** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2926** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2927** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2928** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2929** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2930** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2931** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2932** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2933** top-level SQL code.
2934*/
2935/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2936#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2937#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2938#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2939#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2940#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2941#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2942#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2943#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2944#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2945#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2946#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2947#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2948#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2949#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2950#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2951#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2952#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2953#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2954#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2955#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2956#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2957#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2958#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2959#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2960#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2961#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2962#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2963#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2964#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2965#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2966#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2967#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2968#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2969#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2970
2971/*
2972** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2973** METHOD: sqlite3
2974**
2975** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2976** instead of the routines described here.
2977**
2978** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2979** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2980**
2981** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2982** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2983** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2984** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2985** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2986** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2987** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2988**
2989** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2990** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2991**
2992** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2993** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2994** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2995** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2996** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2997** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2998** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2999** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
3000** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
3001** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
3002*/
3003SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3004   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3005SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3006   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3007
3008/*
3009** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3010** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3011**
3012** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3013** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3014** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3015** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3016** is one of the following constants.
3017**
3018** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3019**
3020** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3021** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3022** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3023** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3024** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3025**
3026** <dl>
3027** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3028** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3029** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3030** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3031** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3032** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3033** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3034** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3035** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3036** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3037** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3038**
3039** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3040** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3041** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3042** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3043** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3044** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3045** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3046**
3047** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3048** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3049** statement generates a single row of result.
3050** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3051** X argument is unused.
3052**
3053** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3054** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3055** connection closes.
3056** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3057** and the X argument is unused.
3058** </dl>
3059*/
3060#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3061#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3062#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3063#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3064
3065/*
3066** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3067** METHOD: sqlite3
3068**
3069** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3070** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3071** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3072** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3073** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3074** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3075**
3076** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3077** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3078**
3079** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3080** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3081** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3082** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3083**
3084** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3085** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3086** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3087** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3088** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3089**
3090** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3091** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3092** are deprecated.
3093*/
3094int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3095  sqlite3*,
3096  unsigned uMask,
3097  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3098  void *pCtx
3099);
3100
3101/*
3102** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3103** METHOD: sqlite3
3104**
3105** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3106** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3107** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3108** database connection D.  An example use for this
3109** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3110**
3111** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3112** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3113** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3114** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3115** handler is disabled.
3116**
3117** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3118** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3119** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3120** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3121** than 1.
3122**
3123** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3124** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3125** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3126**
3127** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3128** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3129** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3130** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3131**
3132*/
3133void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3134
3135/*
3136** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3137** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3138**
3139** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3140** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3141** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3142** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3143** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3144** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3145** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3146** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3147** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3148** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3149** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3150** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3151**
3152** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3153** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3154** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3155**
3156** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3157** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3158** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3159**
3160** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3161** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3162** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3163** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3164** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3165** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3166** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3167**
3168** <dl>
3169** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3170** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3171** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3172**
3173** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3174** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3175** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3176** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3177**
3178** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3179** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3180** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3181** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3182** </dl>
3183**
3184** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3185** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3186** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3187** then the behavior is undefined.
3188**
3189** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3190** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3191** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3192** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3193** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3194** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3195** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3196** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3197** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3198** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3199** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3200**
3201** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3202** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3203** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3204** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3205**
3206** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3207** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3208** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3209** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3210** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3211** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3212** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3213**
3214** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3215** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3216** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3217**
3218** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3219**
3220** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3221** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3222** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3223** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3224** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3225** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3226** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3227** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3228** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3229** information.
3230**
3231** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3232** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3233** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3234** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3235** present, is ignored.
3236**
3237** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3238** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3239** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3240** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3241** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3242** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3243** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3244**
3245** [[core URI query parameters]]
3246** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3247** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3248** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3249** following query parameters:
3250**
3251** <ul>
3252**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3253**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3254**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3255**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3256**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3257**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3258**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3259**
3260**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3261**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3262**     an error)^.
3263**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3264**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3265**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3266**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3267**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3268**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3269**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3270**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3271**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3272**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3273**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3274**
3275**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3276**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3277**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3278**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3279**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3280**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3281**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3282**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3283**
3284**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3285**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3286**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3287**
3288**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3289**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3290**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3291**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3292**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3293**     processes uses nolock=1.
3294**
3295**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3296**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3297**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3298**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3299**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3300**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3301**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3302**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3303**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3304**
3305** </ul>
3306**
3307** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3308** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3309** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3310** additional information.
3311**
3312** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3313**
3314** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3315** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3316** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3317**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3318** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3319**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3320**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3321**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3322** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3323**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3324** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3325**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3326**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3327**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3328**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3329**          in URI filenames.
3330** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3331**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3332**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3333**          default, use a private cache.
3334** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3335**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3336**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3337** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3338**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3339** </table>
3340**
3341** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3342** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3343** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3344** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3345** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3346** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3347** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3348** the results are undefined.
3349**
3350** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3351** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3352** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3353** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3354** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3355**
3356** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3357** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3358** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3359**
3360** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3361*/
3362int sqlite3_open(
3363  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3364  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3365);
3366int sqlite3_open16(
3367  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3368  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3369);
3370int sqlite3_open_v2(
3371  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3372  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3373  int flags,              /* Flags */
3374  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3375);
3376
3377/*
3378** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3379**
3380** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3381** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3382** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3383**
3384** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3385** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3386** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3387** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3388** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3389** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3390** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3391** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3392** a pointer to an empty string.
3393**
3394** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3395** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3396** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3397** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3398** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3399** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3400** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3401** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3402** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3403** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3404**
3405** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3406** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3407** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3408** zero is returned.
3409**
3410** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3411** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3412** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3413** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3414** undesirable.
3415*/
3416const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3417int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3418sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3419
3420
3421/*
3422** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3423** METHOD: sqlite3
3424**
3425** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3426** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3427** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3428** API call.
3429** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3430** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3431** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3432** disabled.
3433**
3434** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3435** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3436** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3437** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3438** interfaces are:
3439**
3440** <ul>
3441** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3442** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3443** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3444** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3445** </ul>
3446**
3447** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3448** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3449** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3450** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3451** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3452** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3453**
3454** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3455** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3456** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3457** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3458**
3459** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3460** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3461** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3462** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3463** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3464** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3465** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3466** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3467** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3468**
3469** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3470** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3471** error code and message may or may not be set.
3472*/
3473int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3474int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3475const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3476const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3477const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3478
3479/*
3480** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3481** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3482**
3483** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3484** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3485**
3486** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3487** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3488** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3489** prepared statement before it can be run.
3490**
3491** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3492**
3493** <ol>
3494** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3495** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3496**      interfaces.
3497** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3498** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3499**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3500** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3501** </ol>
3502*/
3503typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3504
3505/*
3506** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3507** METHOD: sqlite3
3508**
3509** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3510** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3511** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3512** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3513** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3514** new limit for that construct.)^
3515**
3516** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3517** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3518** [limits | hard upper bound]
3519** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3520** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3521** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3522** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3523** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3524**
3525** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3526** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3527** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3528** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3529**
3530** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3531** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3532** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3533** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3534** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3535** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3536** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3537** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3538** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3539** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3540** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3541** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3542**
3543** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3544*/
3545int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3546
3547/*
3548** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3549** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3550**
3551** These constants define various performance limits
3552** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3553** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3554** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3555**
3556** <dl>
3557** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3558** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3559**
3560** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3561** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3562**
3563** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3564** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3565** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3566** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3567**
3568** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3569** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3570**
3571** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3572** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3573**
3574** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3575** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3576** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3577** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3578** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3579**
3580** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3581** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3582**
3583** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3584** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3585**
3586** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3587** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3588** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3589** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3590**
3591** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3592** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3593** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3594**
3595** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3596** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3597**
3598** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3599** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3600** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3601** </dl>
3602*/
3603#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3604#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3605#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3606#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3607#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3608#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3609#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3610#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3611#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3612#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3613#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3614#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3615
3616/*
3617** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3618**
3619** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3620** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3621** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3622**
3623** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3624**
3625** <dl>
3626** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3627** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3628** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3629** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3630** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3631** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3632** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3633** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3634** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3635** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3636**
3637** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3638** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag indicates that a normalized
3639** representation of the SQL statement should be calculated and then
3640** associated with the prepared statement, which can be obtained via
3641** the [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  The semantics used to
3642** normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject to change.
3643** At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
3644** placeholders.
3645**
3646** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_SHADOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_SHADOW</dt>
3647** <dd>When the SQLITE_PREPARE_SHADOW flag is set, writes to shadow
3648** tables are allowed.  Shadow tables are ordinary tables associated
3649** with some virtual tables that serve as the storage for the virtual
3650** table.  Shadow tables are normally read-only.  Virtual table
3651** implementations use this flag so that they can write to their own
3652** shadow tables.
3653** </dl>
3654*/
3655#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3656#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3657#define SQLITE_PREPARE_SHADOW                  0x04
3658
3659/*
3660** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3661** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3662** METHOD: sqlite3
3663** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3664**
3665** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3666** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3667** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3668**
3669** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3670** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3671** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3672** for special purposes.
3673**
3674** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3675** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3676** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3677** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3678**
3679** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3680** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3681** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3682**
3683** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3684** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3685** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3686** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3687** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3688**
3689** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3690** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3691** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3692** statement is generated.
3693** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3694** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3695** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3696** the nul-terminator.
3697**
3698** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3699** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3700** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3701** what remains uncompiled.
3702**
3703** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3704** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3705** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3706** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3707** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3708** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3709** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3710**
3711** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3712** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3713**
3714** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3715** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3716** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3717** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3718** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3719** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3720** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3721** behave differently in three ways:
3722**
3723** <ol>
3724** <li>
3725** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3726** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3727** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3728** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3729** </li>
3730**
3731** <li>
3732** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3733** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3734** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3735** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3736** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3737** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3738** </li>
3739**
3740** <li>
3741** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3742** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3743** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3744** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3745** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3746** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3747** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3748** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3749** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3750** </li>
3751** </ol>
3752**
3753** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3754** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3755** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3756** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3757** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3758*/
3759int sqlite3_prepare(
3760  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3761  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3762  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3763  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3764  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3765);
3766int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3767  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3768  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3769  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3770  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3771  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3772);
3773int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3774  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3775  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3776  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3777  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3778  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3779  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3780);
3781int sqlite3_prepare16(
3782  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3783  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3784  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3785  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3786  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3787);
3788int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3789  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3790  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3791  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3792  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3793  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3794);
3795int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3796  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3797  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3798  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3799  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3800  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3801  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3802);
3803
3804/*
3805** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3806** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3807**
3808** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3809** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3810** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3811** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3812** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3813** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3814** [bound parameters] expanded.
3815** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3816** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
3817** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
3818** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
3819** placeholders.
3820**
3821** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3822** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3823** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3824** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3825** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3826**
3827** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3828** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3829** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3830**
3831** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3832** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3833** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3834**
3835** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
3836** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
3837** statement is finalized.
3838** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3839** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3840** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3841*/
3842const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3843char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3844const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3845
3846/*
3847** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3848** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3849**
3850** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3851** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3852** the content of the database file.
3853**
3854** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3855** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3856** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3857** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3858** change the database file through side-effects:
3859**
3860** <blockquote><pre>
3861**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3862** </pre></blockquote>
3863**
3864** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3865** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3866**
3867** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3868** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3869** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3870** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3871** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3872** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3873** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3874** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3875** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3876** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3877** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3878** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3879*/
3880int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3881
3882/*
3883** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3884** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3885**
3886** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3887** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3888** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3889** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3890** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3891** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3892** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3893** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3894**
3895** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3896** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3897** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3898** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3899** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3900*/
3901int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3902
3903/*
3904** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3905** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3906**
3907** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3908** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3909** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3910** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3911**
3912** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3913** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3914** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3915** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3916** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3917** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3918** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3919**
3920** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3921** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3922** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3923** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3924** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3925** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3926** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3927** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3928** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3929** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3930** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3931** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3932**
3933** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3934** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3935** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3936** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3937** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3938** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3939** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3940** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3941** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3942*/
3943typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3944
3945/*
3946** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3947**
3948** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3949** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3950** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3951** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3952** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3953** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3954** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3955** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3956*/
3957typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3958
3959/*
3960** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3961** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3962** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3963** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3964**
3965** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3966** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3967** templates:
3968**
3969** <ul>
3970** <li>  ?
3971** <li>  ?NNN
3972** <li>  :VVV
3973** <li>  @VVV
3974** <li>  $VVV
3975** </ul>
3976**
3977** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3978** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3979** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3980** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3981**
3982** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3983** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3984** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3985**
3986** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3987** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3988** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3989** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3990** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3991** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3992** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3993** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3994** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3995**
3996** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3997** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3998** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3999** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4000**
4001** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4002** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4003** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4004** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4005** is negative, then the length of the string is
4006** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4007** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4008** the behavior is undefined.
4009** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4010** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4011** that parameter must be the byte offset
4012** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4013** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
4014** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4015** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4016** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4017**
4018** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
4019** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
4020** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
4021** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
4022** ^If the fifth argument is
4023** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
4024** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
4025** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
4026** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
4027** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
4028**
4029** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4030** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4031** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4032** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4033** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4034** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4035** is undefined.
4036**
4037** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4038** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4039** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4040** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4041** content is later written using
4042** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4043** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4044**
4045** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4046** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4047** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4048** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4049** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4050** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4051** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4052** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4053**
4054** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4055** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4056** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4057** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4058** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4059** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4060**
4061** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4062** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4063**
4064** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4065** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4066** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4067** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4068** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4069** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4070** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4071**
4072** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4073** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4074*/
4075int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4076int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4077                        void(*)(void*));
4078int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4079int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4080int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4081int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4082int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4083int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4084int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4085                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4086int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4087int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4088int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4089int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4090
4091/*
4092** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4093** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4094**
4095** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4096** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4097** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4098** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4099** to the parameters at a later time.
4100**
4101** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4102** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4103** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4104** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4105**
4106** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4107** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4108** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4109*/
4110int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4111
4112/*
4113** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4114** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4115**
4116** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4117** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4118** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4119** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4120** respectively.
4121** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4122** is included as part of the name.)^
4123** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4124** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4125**
4126** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4127**
4128** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4129** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4130** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4131** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4132** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4133**
4134** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4135** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4136** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4137*/
4138const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4139
4140/*
4141** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4142** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4143**
4144** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4145** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4146** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4147** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4148** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4149** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4150** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4151**
4152** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4153** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4154** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4155*/
4156int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4157
4158/*
4159** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4160** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4161**
4162** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4163** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4164** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4165*/
4166int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4167
4168/*
4169** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4170** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4171**
4172** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4173** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4174** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4175** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4176** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4177** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4178** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4179**
4180** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4181*/
4182int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4183
4184/*
4185** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4186** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4187**
4188** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4189** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4190** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4191** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4192** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4193** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4194** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4195**
4196** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4197** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4198** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4199** or until the next call to
4200** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4201**
4202** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4203** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4204** NULL pointer is returned.
4205**
4206** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4207** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4208** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4209** one release of SQLite to the next.
4210*/
4211const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4212const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4213
4214/*
4215** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4216** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4217**
4218** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4219** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4220** [SELECT] statement.
4221** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4222** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4223** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4224** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4225** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4226** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4227** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4228** or until the same information is requested
4229** again in a different encoding.
4230**
4231** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4232** database, table, and column.
4233**
4234** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4235** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4236** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4237** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4238**
4239** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4240** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4241** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4242** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4243** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4244**
4245** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4246** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4247**
4248** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4249** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4250**
4251** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4252** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4253** undefined.
4254**
4255** If two or more threads call one or more
4256** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4257** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4258** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4259*/
4260const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4261const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4262const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4263const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4264const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4265const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4266
4267/*
4268** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4269** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4270**
4271** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4272** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4273** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4274** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4275** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4276** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4277** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4278**
4279** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4280**
4281** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4282**
4283** and the following statement to be compiled:
4284**
4285** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4286**
4287** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4288** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4289**
4290** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4291** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4292** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4293** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4294** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4295** used to hold those values.
4296*/
4297const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4298const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4299
4300/*
4301** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4302** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4303**
4304** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4305** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4306** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4307** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4308** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4309**
4310** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4311** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4312** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4313** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4314** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4315** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4316** interface will continue to be supported.
4317**
4318** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4319** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4320** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4321** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4322**
4323** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4324** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4325** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4326** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4327** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4328** continuing.
4329**
4330** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4331** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4332** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4333** machine back to its initial state.
4334**
4335** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4336** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4337** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4338** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4339**
4340** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4341** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4342** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4343** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4344** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4345** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4346** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4347** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4348**
4349** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4350** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4351** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4352** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4353** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4354** more threads at the same moment in time.
4355**
4356** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4357** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4358** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4359** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4360** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4361** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4362** sqlite3_step() began
4363** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4364** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4365** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4366** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4367** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4368**
4369** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4370** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4371** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4372** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4373** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4374** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4375** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4376** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4377** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4378** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4379** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4380** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4381*/
4382int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4383
4384/*
4385** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4386** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4387**
4388** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4389** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4390** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4391** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4392** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4393** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4394** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4395** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4396** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4397** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4398** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4399** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4400**
4401** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4402*/
4403int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4404
4405/*
4406** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4407** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4408**
4409** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4410**
4411** <ul>
4412** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4413** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4414** <li> string
4415** <li> BLOB
4416** <li> NULL
4417** </ul>)^
4418**
4419** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4420**
4421** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4422** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4423** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4424** SQLITE_TEXT.
4425*/
4426#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4427#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4428#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4429#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4430#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4431# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4432#else
4433# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4434#endif
4435#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4436
4437/*
4438** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4439** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4440** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4441**
4442** <b>Summary:</b>
4443** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4444** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4445** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4446** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4447** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4448** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4449** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4450** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4451** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4452** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4453** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4454** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4455** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4456** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4457** TEXT in bytes
4458** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4459** datatype of the result
4460** </table></blockquote>
4461**
4462** <b>Details:</b>
4463**
4464** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4465** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4466** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4467** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4468** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4469** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4470** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4471** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4472**
4473** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4474** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4475** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4476** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4477** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4478** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4479** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4480** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4481** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4482** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4483** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4484**
4485** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4486** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4487** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4488** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4489** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4490**
4491** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4492** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4493** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4494** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4495** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4496** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4497** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4498** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4499** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4500** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4501** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4502** following a type conversion.
4503**
4504** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4505** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4506** of that BLOB or string.
4507**
4508** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4509** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4510** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4511** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4512** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4513** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4514** the number of bytes in that string.
4515** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4516**
4517** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4518** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4519** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4520** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4521** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4522** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4523** the number of bytes in that string.
4524** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4525**
4526** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4527** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4528** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4529** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4530** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4531**
4532** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4533** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4534** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4535**
4536** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4537** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4538** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4539** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4540** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4541** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4542** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4543** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4544** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4545** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4546** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4547** top-level application code.
4548**
4549** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4550** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4551** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4552** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4553** that are applied:
4554**
4555** <blockquote>
4556** <table border="1">
4557** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4558**
4559** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4560** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4561** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4562** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4563** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4564** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4565** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4566** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4567** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4568** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4569** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4570** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4571** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4572** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4573** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4574** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4575** </table>
4576** </blockquote>)^
4577**
4578** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4579** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4580** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4581** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4582** in the following cases:
4583**
4584** <ul>
4585** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4586**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4587**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4588** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4589**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4590**      to UTF-16.</li>
4591** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4592**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4593**      to UTF-8.</li>
4594** </ul>
4595**
4596** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4597** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4598** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4599** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4600** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4601**
4602** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4603** in one of the following ways:
4604**
4605** <ul>
4606**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4607**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4608**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4609** </ul>
4610**
4611** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4612** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4613** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4614** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4615** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4616** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4617** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4618**
4619** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4620** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4621** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4622** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4623** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4624** [sqlite3_free()].
4625**
4626** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4627** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4628** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4629** errors:
4630**
4631** <ul>
4632** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4633** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4634** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4635** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4636** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4637** </ul>
4638**
4639** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4640** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4641** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4642** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4643** return value is obtained and before any
4644** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4645*/
4646const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4647double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4648int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4649sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4650const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4651const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4652sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4653int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4654int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4655int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4656
4657/*
4658** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4659** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4660**
4661** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4662** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4663** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4664** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4665** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4666** [extended error code].
4667**
4668** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4669** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4670** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4671** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4672** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4673** completed execution.
4674**
4675** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4676**
4677** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4678** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4679** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4680** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4681** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4682*/
4683int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4684
4685/*
4686** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4687** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4688**
4689** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4690** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4691** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4692** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4693** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4694**
4695** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4696** back to the beginning of its program.
4697**
4698** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4699** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4700** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4701** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4702**
4703** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4704** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4705** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4706**
4707** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4708** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4709*/
4710int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4711
4712/*
4713** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4714** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4715** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4716** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4717** METHOD: sqlite3
4718**
4719** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4720** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4721** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
4722** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
4723** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
4724** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4725** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
4726** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
4727** needed by [aggregate window functions].
4728**
4729** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4730** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4731** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4732** to each database connection separately.
4733**
4734** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4735** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4736** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4737** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4738** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4739** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4740**
4741** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4742** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4743** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4744** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4745** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4746** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4747** undefined.
4748**
4749** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4750** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4751** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4752** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4753** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4754** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4755** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4756** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4757** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4758** each encoding.
4759** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4760** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4761**
4762** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4763** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4764** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4765** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4766** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4767** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4768** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4769**
4770** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4771** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4772**
4773** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
4774** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4775** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4776** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4777** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4778** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4779** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4780** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4781** callbacks.
4782**
4783** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
4784** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
4785** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
4786** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
4787** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
4788** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
4789** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
4790** of aggregate window functions are
4791** [user-defined window functions|available here].
4792**
4793** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
4794** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
4795** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
4796** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
4797** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4798** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
4799** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
4800** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4801**
4802** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4803** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4804** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4805** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4806** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4807** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4808** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4809** matches the database encoding is a better
4810** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4811** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4812** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4813** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4814**
4815** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4816**
4817** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4818** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4819** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4820** statement in which the function is running.
4821*/
4822int sqlite3_create_function(
4823  sqlite3 *db,
4824  const char *zFunctionName,
4825  int nArg,
4826  int eTextRep,
4827  void *pApp,
4828  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4829  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4830  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4831);
4832int sqlite3_create_function16(
4833  sqlite3 *db,
4834  const void *zFunctionName,
4835  int nArg,
4836  int eTextRep,
4837  void *pApp,
4838  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4839  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4840  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4841);
4842int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4843  sqlite3 *db,
4844  const char *zFunctionName,
4845  int nArg,
4846  int eTextRep,
4847  void *pApp,
4848  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4849  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4850  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4851  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4852);
4853int sqlite3_create_window_function(
4854  sqlite3 *db,
4855  const char *zFunctionName,
4856  int nArg,
4857  int eTextRep,
4858  void *pApp,
4859  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4860  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4861  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
4862  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4863  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4864);
4865
4866/*
4867** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4868**
4869** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4870** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4871*/
4872#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4873#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4874#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4875#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4876#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4877#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4878
4879/*
4880** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4881**
4882** These constants may be ORed together with the
4883** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4884** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4885** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4886*/
4887#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4888
4889/*
4890** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4891** DEPRECATED
4892**
4893** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4894** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4895** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4896** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4897** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4898*/
4899#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4900SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4901SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4902SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4903SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4904SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4905SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4906                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4907#endif
4908
4909/*
4910** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4911** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4912**
4913** <b>Summary:</b>
4914** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4915** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4916** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4917** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4918** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4919** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4920** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4921** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4922** the native byteorder
4923** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4924** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4925** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4926** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4927** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4928** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4929** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4930** TEXT in bytes
4931** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4932** datatype of the value
4933** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4934** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4935** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4936** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4937** against a virtual table.
4938** </table></blockquote>
4939**
4940** <b>Details:</b>
4941**
4942** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4943** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4944** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4945** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4946**
4947** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4948** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4949** is not threadsafe.
4950**
4951** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4952** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4953** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4954**
4955** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4956** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4957** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4958** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4959**
4960** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4961** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4962** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4963** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4964** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4965** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4966**
4967** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4968** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4969** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4970** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4971** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4972** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4973** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4974** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4975** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4976** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4977**
4978** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4979** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4980** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4981** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4982** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4983** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4984** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4985**
4986** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
4987** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
4988** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
4989** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
4990** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
4991** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
4992** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
4993** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
4994** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
4995** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
4996** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
4997** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
4998**
4999** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5000** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5001** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5002** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5003** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5004**
5005** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5006** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5007**
5008** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5009** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5010** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5011** errors:
5012**
5013** <ul>
5014** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5015** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5016** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5017** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5018** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5019** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5020** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5021** </ul>
5022**
5023** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5024** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5025** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5026** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5027** return value is obtained and before any
5028** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5029*/
5030const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5031double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5032int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5033sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5034void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5035const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5036const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5037const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5038const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5039int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5040int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5041int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5042int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5043int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5044
5045/*
5046** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5047** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5048**
5049** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5050** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5051** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5052** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5053** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5054*/
5055unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5056
5057/*
5058** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5059** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5060**
5061** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5062** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5063** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5064** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5065** memory allocation fails.
5066**
5067** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5068** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5069** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5070*/
5071sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5072void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5073
5074/*
5075** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5076** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5077**
5078** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5079** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5080**
5081** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5082** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
5083** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5084** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5085** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5086** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5087** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5088** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5089** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5090** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5091** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5092** first time from within xFinal().)^
5093**
5094** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5095** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5096** allocate error occurs.
5097**
5098** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5099** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5100** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5101** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5102** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5103** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5104** pointless memory allocations occur.
5105**
5106** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5107** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5108**
5109** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5110** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5111** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5112** function.
5113**
5114** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5115** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5116*/
5117void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5118
5119/*
5120** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5121** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5122**
5123** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5124** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5125** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5126** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5127** registered the application defined function.
5128**
5129** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5130** the application-defined function is running.
5131*/
5132void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5133
5134/*
5135** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5136** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5137**
5138** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5139** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5140** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5141** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5142** registered the application defined function.
5143*/
5144sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5145
5146/*
5147** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5148** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5149**
5150** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5151** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5152** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5153** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5154** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5155** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5156** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5157** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5158** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5159** invocations of the same function.
5160**
5161** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5162** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5163** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5164** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5165** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5166** returns a NULL pointer.
5167**
5168** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5169** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5170** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5171** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5172** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5173** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5174** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5175** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5176** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5177** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5178** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5179**      SQL statement)^, or
5180** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5181**       parameter)^, or
5182** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5183**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5184**
5185** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5186** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5187** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5188** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5189** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5190** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5191**
5192** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5193** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5194** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5195**
5196** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5197** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5198** kinds of function caching behavior.
5199**
5200** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5201** the SQL function is running.
5202*/
5203void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5204void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5205
5206
5207/*
5208** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5209**
5210** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5211** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5212** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5213** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5214** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5215** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5216** the content before returning.
5217**
5218** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5219** C++ compilers.
5220*/
5221typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5222#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5223#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5224
5225/*
5226** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5227** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5228**
5229** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5230** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5231** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5232** for additional information.
5233**
5234** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5235** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5236** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5237**
5238** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5239** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5240** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5241** third parameter.
5242**
5243** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5244** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5245** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5246**
5247** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5248** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5249** by its 2nd argument.
5250**
5251** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5252** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5253** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5254** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5255** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5256** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5257** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5258** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5259** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5260** message all text up through the first zero character.
5261** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5262** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5263** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5264** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5265** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5266** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5267** modify the text after they return without harm.
5268** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5269** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5270** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5271** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5272**
5273** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5274** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5275**
5276** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5277** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5278**
5279** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5280** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5281** value given in the 2nd argument.
5282** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5283** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5284** value given in the 2nd argument.
5285**
5286** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5287** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5288**
5289** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5290** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5291** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5292** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5293** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5294** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5295** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5296** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5297** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5298** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5299** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5300** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5301** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5302** through the first zero character.
5303** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5304** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5305** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5306** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5307** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5308** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5309** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5310** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5311** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5312** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5313** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5314** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5315** finished using that result.
5316** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5317** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5318** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5319** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5320** when it has finished using that result.
5321** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5322** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5323** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5324** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5325**
5326** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5327** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5328** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5329** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5330** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5331** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5332** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5333** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5334** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5335**
5336** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5337** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5338** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5339** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5340** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5341** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5342** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5343** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5344** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5345** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5346**
5347** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5348** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5349** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5350*/
5351void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5352void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5353                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5354void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5355void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5356void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5357void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5358void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5359void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5360void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5361void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5362void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5363void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5364void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5365                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5366void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5367void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5368void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5369void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5370void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5371void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5372int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5373
5374
5375/*
5376** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5377** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5378**
5379** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5380** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5381** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5382** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5383** higher order bits are discarded.
5384** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5385** in future releases of SQLite.
5386*/
5387void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5388
5389/*
5390** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5391** METHOD: sqlite3
5392**
5393** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5394** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5395**
5396** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5397** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5398** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5399** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5400** considered to be the same name.
5401**
5402** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5403** <ul>
5404** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5405** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5406** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5407** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5408** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5409** </ul>)^
5410** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5411** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5412** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5413** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5414** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5415** on an even byte address.
5416**
5417** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5418** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5419**
5420** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5421** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5422** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5423** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5424** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5425** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5426** that collation is no longer usable.
5427**
5428** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5429** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5430** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5431** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5432** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5433** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5434** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5435** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5436** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5437** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5438** strings A, B, and C:
5439**
5440** <ol>
5441** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5442** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5443** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5444** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5445** </ol>
5446**
5447** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5448** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5449** is undefined.
5450**
5451** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5452** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5453** the collating function is deleted.
5454** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5455** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5456** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5457**
5458** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5459** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5460** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5461** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5462** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5463** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5464** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5465** compatibility.
5466**
5467** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5468*/
5469int sqlite3_create_collation(
5470  sqlite3*,
5471  const char *zName,
5472  int eTextRep,
5473  void *pArg,
5474  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5475);
5476int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5477  sqlite3*,
5478  const char *zName,
5479  int eTextRep,
5480  void *pArg,
5481  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5482  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5483);
5484int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5485  sqlite3*,
5486  const void *zName,
5487  int eTextRep,
5488  void *pArg,
5489  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5490);
5491
5492/*
5493** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5494** METHOD: sqlite3
5495**
5496** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5497** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5498** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5499** sequence is required.
5500**
5501** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5502** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5503** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5504** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5505** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5506**
5507** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5508** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5509** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5510** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5511** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5512** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5513** required collation sequence.)^
5514**
5515** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5516** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5517** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5518*/
5519int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5520  sqlite3*,
5521  void*,
5522  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5523);
5524int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5525  sqlite3*,
5526  void*,
5527  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5528);
5529
5530#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5531/*
5532** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5533** called right after sqlite3_open().
5534**
5535** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5536** of SQLite.
5537*/
5538int sqlite3_key(
5539  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5540  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5541);
5542int sqlite3_key_v2(
5543  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5544  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5545  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5546);
5547
5548/*
5549** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5550** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5551** database is decrypted.
5552**
5553** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5554** of SQLite.
5555*/
5556int sqlite3_rekey(
5557  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5558  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5559);
5560int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5561  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5562  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5563  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5564);
5565
5566/*
5567** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5568** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5569*/
5570void sqlite3_activate_see(
5571  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5572);
5573#endif
5574
5575#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5576/*
5577** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5578** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5579*/
5580void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5581  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5582);
5583#endif
5584
5585/*
5586** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5587**
5588** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5589** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5590**
5591** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5592** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5593** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5594** requested from the operating system is returned.
5595**
5596** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5597** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5598** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5599** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5600** in the previous paragraphs.
5601*/
5602int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5603
5604/*
5605** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5606**
5607** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5608** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5609** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5610** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5611** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5612** temporary file directory.
5613**
5614** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5615** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5616** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5617** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5618** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5619** be avoided in new projects.
5620**
5621** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5622** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5623** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5624** thread.
5625** It is intended that this variable be set once
5626** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5627** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5628** thereafter.
5629**
5630** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5631** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5632** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5633** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5634** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5635** using [sqlite3_free].
5636** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5637** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5638** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5639** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5640** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5641** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5642** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5643** objects have been destroyed.
5644**
5645** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5646** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5647** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5648** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5649**
5650** <blockquote><pre>
5651** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5652** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5653** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5654** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5655** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5656** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5657** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5658** </pre></blockquote>
5659*/
5660SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5661
5662/*
5663** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5664**
5665** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5666** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5667** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5668** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5669** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5670** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5671** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5672** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5673** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5674**
5675** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5676** open can result in a corrupt database.
5677**
5678** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5679** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5680** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5681** thread.
5682** It is intended that this variable be set once
5683** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5684** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5685** thereafter.
5686**
5687** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5688** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5689** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5690** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5691** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5692** using [sqlite3_free].
5693** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5694** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5695** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5696*/
5697SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5698
5699/*
5700** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5701**
5702** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5703** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5704** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5705** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5706** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5707** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5708** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5709** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5710** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5711** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5712** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5713** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
5714** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
5715** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
5716** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
5717*/
5718int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5719  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5720  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5721);
5722int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
5723int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
5724
5725/*
5726** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5727**
5728** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5729** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5730*/
5731#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5732#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5733
5734/*
5735** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5736** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5737** METHOD: sqlite3
5738**
5739** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5740** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5741** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5742** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5743** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5744**
5745** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5746** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5747** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5748** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5749** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5750** an error is to use this function.
5751**
5752** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5753** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5754** is undefined.
5755*/
5756int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5757
5758/*
5759** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5760** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5761**
5762** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5763** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5764** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5765** that was the first argument
5766** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5767** create the statement in the first place.
5768*/
5769sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5770
5771/*
5772** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5773** METHOD: sqlite3
5774**
5775** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5776** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5777** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5778** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5779** a NULL pointer is returned.
5780**
5781** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5782** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5783** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5784** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5785*/
5786const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5787
5788/*
5789** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5790** METHOD: sqlite3
5791**
5792** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5793** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5794** the name of a database on connection D.
5795*/
5796int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5797
5798/*
5799** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5800** METHOD: sqlite3
5801**
5802** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5803** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5804** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5805** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5806** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5807**
5808** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5809** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5810** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5811*/
5812sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5813
5814/*
5815** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5816** METHOD: sqlite3
5817**
5818** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5819** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5820** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5821** for the same database connection is overridden.
5822** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5823** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5824** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5825** for the same database connection is overridden.
5826** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5827** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5828** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5829**
5830** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5831** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5832** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5833** the first call for each function on D.
5834**
5835** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5836** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5837** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5838** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5839** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5840** or rollback hook in the first place.
5841** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5842** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5843** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5844**
5845** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5846**
5847** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5848** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5849** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5850** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5851** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5852**
5853** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5854** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5855** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5856** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5857** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5858**
5859** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5860*/
5861void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5862void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5863
5864/*
5865** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5866** METHOD: sqlite3
5867**
5868** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5869** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5870** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5871** a [rowid table].
5872** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5873** for the same database connection is overridden.
5874**
5875** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5876** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5877** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5878** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5879** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5880** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5881** to be invoked.
5882** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5883** database and table name containing the affected row.
5884** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5885** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5886**
5887** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5888** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5889** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5890**
5891** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5892** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5893** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5894** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5895** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5896** release of SQLite.
5897**
5898** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5899** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5900** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5901** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5902** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5903** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5904**
5905** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5906** returns the P argument from the previous call
5907** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5908** the first call on D.
5909**
5910** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5911** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5912*/
5913void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5914  sqlite3*,
5915  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5916  void*
5917);
5918
5919/*
5920** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5921**
5922** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5923** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5924** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5925** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5926**
5927** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5928** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5929** In prior versions of SQLite,
5930** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5931**
5932** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5933** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5934** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5935** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5936**
5937** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5938** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5939**
5940** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5941** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5942** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5943**
5944** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5945** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5946** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5947** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5948**
5949** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5950** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5951**
5952** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5953*/
5954int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5955
5956/*
5957** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5958**
5959** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5960** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5961** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5962** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5963** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5964** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5965** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5966** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5967**
5968** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5969*/
5970int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5971
5972/*
5973** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5974** METHOD: sqlite3
5975**
5976** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5977** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5978** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5979** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5980** omitted.
5981**
5982** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5983*/
5984int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5985
5986/*
5987** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5988**
5989** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5990** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5991** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5992** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5993** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5994** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5995** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5996** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5997** is advisory only.
5998**
5999** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
6000** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6001** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6002** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
6003** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
6004** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
6005**
6006** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
6007**
6008** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
6009** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6010**
6011** <ul>
6012** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
6013** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6014**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6015**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6016** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6017**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6018** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6019**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6020**      from the heap.
6021** </ul>)^
6022**
6023** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
6024** the soft heap limit is enforced
6025** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
6026** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
6027** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
6028** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
6029** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
6030** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
6031** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
6032** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6033**
6034** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
6035** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6036*/
6037sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6038
6039/*
6040** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6041** DEPRECATED
6042**
6043** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6044** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6045** only.  All new applications should use the
6046** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6047*/
6048SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6049
6050
6051/*
6052** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6053** METHOD: sqlite3
6054**
6055** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6056** information about column C of table T in database D
6057** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6058** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6059** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6060** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6061** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
6062** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6063** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6064** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6065** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6066** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6067** undefined behavior.
6068**
6069** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6070** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6071** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6072** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6073** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6074** resolve unqualified table references.
6075**
6076** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6077** name of the desired column, respectively.
6078**
6079** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6080** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6081** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6082**
6083** ^(<blockquote>
6084** <table border="1">
6085** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6086**
6087** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6088** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6089** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6090** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6091** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6092** </table>
6093** </blockquote>)^
6094**
6095** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6096** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6097** call to any SQLite API function.
6098**
6099** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6100**
6101** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6102** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6103** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6104** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6105** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6106** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6107**
6108** <pre>
6109**     data type: "INTEGER"
6110**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6111**     not null: 0
6112**     primary key: 1
6113**     auto increment: 0
6114** </pre>)^
6115**
6116** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6117** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6118** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6119*/
6120int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6121  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6122  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6123  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6124  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6125  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6126  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6127  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6128  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6129  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6130);
6131
6132/*
6133** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6134** METHOD: sqlite3
6135**
6136** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6137**
6138** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6139** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6140** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6141** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6142** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6143** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6144** be tried also.
6145**
6146** ^The entry point is zProc.
6147** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6148** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6149** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6150** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6151** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6152** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6153** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6154** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6155** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6156** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6157** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6158** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6159** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6160**
6161** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6162** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6163** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6164** prior to calling this API,
6165** otherwise an error will be returned.
6166**
6167** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6168** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6169** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6170** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6171** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6172** access to extension loading capabilities.
6173**
6174** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6175*/
6176int sqlite3_load_extension(
6177  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6178  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6179  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6180  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6181);
6182
6183/*
6184** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6185** METHOD: sqlite3
6186**
6187** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6188** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6189** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6190** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6191**
6192** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6193** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6194** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6195** it back off again.
6196**
6197** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6198** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6199** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6200** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6201**
6202** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6203** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6204** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6205** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6206** access to extension loading capabilities.
6207*/
6208int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6209
6210/*
6211** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6212**
6213** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6214** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6215** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6216** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6217**
6218** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6219** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6220** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6221** entry point where as follows:
6222**
6223** <blockquote><pre>
6224** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6225** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6226** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6227** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6228** &nbsp;  );
6229** </pre></blockquote>)^
6230**
6231** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6232** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6233** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6234** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6235** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6236** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6237** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6238**
6239** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6240** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6241** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6242**
6243** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6244** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6245*/
6246int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6247
6248/*
6249** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6250**
6251** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6252** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6253** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6254** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6255** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6256** routines.
6257*/
6258int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6259
6260/*
6261** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6262**
6263** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6264** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6265*/
6266void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6267
6268/*
6269** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6270** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6271** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6272**
6273** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6274** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6275*/
6276
6277/*
6278** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6279*/
6280typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6281typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6282typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6283typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6284
6285/*
6286** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6287** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6288**
6289** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6290** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6291** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6292**
6293** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6294** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6295** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6296** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6297** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6298** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6299** any database connection.
6300*/
6301struct sqlite3_module {
6302  int iVersion;
6303  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6304               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6305               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6306  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6307               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6308               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6309  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6310  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6311  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6312  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6313  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6314  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6315                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6316  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6317  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6318  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6319  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6320  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6321  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6322  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6323  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6324  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6325  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6326                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6327                       void **ppArg);
6328  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6329  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6330  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6331  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6332  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6333  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6334  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6335  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6336  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6337};
6338
6339/*
6340** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6341** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6342**
6343** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6344** of the [virtual table] interface to
6345** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6346** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6347** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6348** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6349**
6350** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6351**
6352** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6353**
6354** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6355** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6356** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6357** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6358** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6359** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6360** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6361**
6362** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6363** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6364** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6365** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6366** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6367**
6368** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6369** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6370**
6371** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6372** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6373** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6374** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6375** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6376** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6377** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6378** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6379** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6380** non-zero.
6381**
6382** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6383** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6384** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6385** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6386** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6387** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6388**
6389** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6390** [xFilter] method.
6391** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6392** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6393**
6394** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6395** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6396** sorting step is required.
6397**
6398** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6399** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6400** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6401** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6402** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6403**
6404** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6405** will be returned by the strategy.
6406**
6407** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6408** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6409** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6410** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6411**
6412** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6413** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6414** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6415** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6416** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6417** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6418** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6419** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6420** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6421**
6422** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6423** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6424** If a virtual table extension is
6425** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6426** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6427** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6428** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6429** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6430** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6431** It may therefore only be used if
6432** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6433** 3009000.
6434*/
6435struct sqlite3_index_info {
6436  /* Inputs */
6437  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6438  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6439     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6440     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6441     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6442     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6443  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6444  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6445  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6446     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6447     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6448  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6449  /* Outputs */
6450  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6451    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6452    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6453  } *aConstraintUsage;
6454  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6455  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6456  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6457  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6458  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6459  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6460  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6461  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6462  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6463  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6464  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6465};
6466
6467/*
6468** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6469**
6470** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6471** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6472** these bits.
6473*/
6474#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6475
6476/*
6477** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6478**
6479** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6480** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6481** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6482** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6483*/
6484#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6485#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6486#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6487#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6488#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6489#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6490#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6491#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6492#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6493#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6494#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6495#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6496#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6497#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6498#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
6499
6500/*
6501** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6502** METHOD: sqlite3
6503**
6504** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6505** ^Module names must be registered before
6506** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6507** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6508**
6509** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6510** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6511** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6512** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6513** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6514** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6515** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6516**
6517** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6518** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6519** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6520** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6521** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6522** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6523** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6524** destructor.
6525*/
6526int sqlite3_create_module(
6527  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6528  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6529  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6530  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6531);
6532int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6533  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6534  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6535  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6536  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6537  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6538);
6539
6540/*
6541** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6542** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6543**
6544** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6545** of this object to describe a particular instance
6546** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6547** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6548** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6549** common to all module implementations.
6550**
6551** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6552** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6553** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6554** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6555** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6556** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6557*/
6558struct sqlite3_vtab {
6559  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6560  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6561  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6562  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6563};
6564
6565/*
6566** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6567** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6568**
6569** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6570** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6571** [virtual table] and are used
6572** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6573** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6574** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6575** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6576** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6577** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6578**
6579** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6580** are common to all implementations.
6581*/
6582struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6583  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6584  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6585};
6586
6587/*
6588** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6589**
6590** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6591** [virtual table module] call this interface
6592** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6593** the virtual tables they implement.
6594*/
6595int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6596
6597/*
6598** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6599** METHOD: sqlite3
6600**
6601** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6602** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6603** But global versions of those functions
6604** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6605**
6606** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6607** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6608** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6609** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6610** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6611** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6612** by a [virtual table].
6613*/
6614int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6615
6616/*
6617** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6618** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6619** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6620** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6621**
6622** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6623** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6624*/
6625
6626/*
6627** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6628** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6629**
6630** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6631** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6632** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6633** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6634** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6635** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6636** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6637*/
6638typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6639
6640/*
6641** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6642** METHOD: sqlite3
6643** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6644**
6645** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6646** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6647** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6648**
6649** <pre>
6650**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6651** </pre>)^
6652**
6653** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6654** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6655** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6656** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6657** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6658**
6659** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6660** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6661** read-only access.
6662**
6663** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6664** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6665** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6666** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6667** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6668**
6669** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6670** <ul>
6671**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6672**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6673**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6674**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6675**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6676**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6677**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6678**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6679**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6680**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6681**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6682**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6683** </ul>
6684**
6685** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6686** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6687** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6688**
6689** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6690** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6691** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6692** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6693** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6694** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6695**
6696** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6697** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6698** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6699** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6700** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6701** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6702** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6703** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6704** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6705** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6706**
6707** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6708** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6709** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6710** blob.
6711**
6712** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6713** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6714** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6715**
6716** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6717** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6718**
6719** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6720** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6721** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6722*/
6723int sqlite3_blob_open(
6724  sqlite3*,
6725  const char *zDb,
6726  const char *zTable,
6727  const char *zColumn,
6728  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6729  int flags,
6730  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6731);
6732
6733/*
6734** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6735** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6736**
6737** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6738** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6739** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6740** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6741** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6742** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6743**
6744** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6745** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6746** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6747** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6748** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6749** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6750** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6751** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6752** always returns zero.
6753**
6754** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6755*/
6756int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6757
6758/*
6759** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6760** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6761**
6762** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6763** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6764** handle is still closed.)^
6765**
6766** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6767** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6768** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6769** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6770** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6771**
6772** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6773** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6774** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6775** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6776** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6777** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6778*/
6779int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6780
6781/*
6782** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6783** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6784**
6785** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6786** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6787** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6788** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6789**
6790** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6791** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6792** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6793** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6794*/
6795int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6796
6797/*
6798** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6799** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6800**
6801** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6802** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6803** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6804**
6805** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6806** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6807** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6808** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6809** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6810**
6811** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6812** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6813**
6814** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6815** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6816**
6817** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6818** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6819** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6820** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6821**
6822** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6823*/
6824int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6825
6826/*
6827** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6828** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6829**
6830** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6831** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6832** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6833**
6834** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6835** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6836** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6837** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6838** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6839**
6840** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6841** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6842** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6843**
6844** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6845** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6846** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6847** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6848** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6849** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6850** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6851**
6852** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6853** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6854** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6855** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6856** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6857** or by other independent statements.
6858**
6859** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6860** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6861** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6862** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6863**
6864** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6865*/
6866int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6867
6868/*
6869** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6870**
6871** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6872** that SQLite uses to interact
6873** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6874** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6875** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6876** The following interfaces are provided.
6877**
6878** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6879** ^Names are case sensitive.
6880** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6881** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6882** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6883**
6884** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6885** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6886** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6887** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6888** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6889** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6890** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6891** then the behavior is undefined.
6892**
6893** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6894** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6895** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6896*/
6897sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6898int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6899int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6900
6901/*
6902** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6903**
6904** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6905** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6906** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6907** permitted to use any of these routines.
6908**
6909** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6910** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6911** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6912** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6913**
6914** <ul>
6915** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6916** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6917** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6918** </ul>
6919**
6920** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6921** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6922** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6923** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6924** and Windows.
6925**
6926** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6927** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6928** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6929** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6930** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6931** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6932** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6933**
6934** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6935** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6936** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6937** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6938** integer constants:
6939**
6940** <ul>
6941** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6942** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6943** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6944** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6945** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6946** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6947** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6948** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6949** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6950** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6951** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6952** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6953** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6954** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6955** </ul>
6956**
6957** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6958** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6959** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6960** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6961** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6962** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6963** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6964** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6965** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6966** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6967**
6968** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6969** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6970** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6971** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6972** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6973** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6974** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6975** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6976**
6977** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6978** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6979** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6980** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6981** the same type number.
6982**
6983** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6984** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6985** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6986**
6987** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6988** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6989** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6990** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6991** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6992** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6993** In such cases, the
6994** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6995** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6996** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6997**
6998** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6999** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7000** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7001** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7002** behavior.)^
7003**
7004** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7005** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7006** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7007** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7008**
7009** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7010** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7011** behave as no-ops.
7012**
7013** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7014*/
7015sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7016void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7017void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7018int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7019void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7020
7021/*
7022** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7023**
7024** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7025** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7026**
7027** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7028** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7029** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7030** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7031** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7032** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7033** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7034** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7035** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7036**
7037** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7038** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7039** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7040** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7041**
7042** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7043** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7044** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7045** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7046** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7047** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7048**
7049** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7050** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7051** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7052**
7053** <ul>
7054**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7055**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7056**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7057**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7058**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7059**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7060**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7061** </ul>)^
7062**
7063** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7064** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7065** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7066** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
7067** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7068** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7069** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7070**
7071** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7072** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7073** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7074** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7075**
7076** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7077** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7078** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7079** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7080**
7081** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7082** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7083** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7084** prior to returning.
7085*/
7086typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7087struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7088  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7089  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7090  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7091  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7092  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7093  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7094  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7095  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7096  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7097};
7098
7099/*
7100** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7101**
7102** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7103** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7104** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7105** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7106** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7107** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7108** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7109** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7110**
7111** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7112** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7113**
7114** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7115** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7116** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7117** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7118**
7119** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7120** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7121** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7122** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7123** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7124** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7125** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7126** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7127*/
7128#ifndef NDEBUG
7129int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7130int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7131#endif
7132
7133/*
7134** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7135**
7136** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7137** which is one of these integer constants.
7138**
7139** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7140** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7141** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7142*/
7143#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7144#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7145#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7146#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7147#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7148#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7149#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7150#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7151#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7152#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7153#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7154#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7155#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7156#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7157#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7158#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7159
7160/*
7161** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7162** METHOD: sqlite3
7163**
7164** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7165** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7166** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7167** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7168** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7169*/
7170sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7171
7172/*
7173** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7174** METHOD: sqlite3
7175** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7176**
7177** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7178** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7179** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7180** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7181** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7182** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7183** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7184** main database file.
7185** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7186** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7187** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7188** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7189**
7190** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7191** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7192** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7193** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7194** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7195** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7196** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7197** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7198** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7199** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7200** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7201** from the pager.
7202**
7203** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7204** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7205** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7206** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7207** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7208** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7209** xFileControl method.
7210**
7211** See also: [file control opcodes]
7212*/
7213int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7214
7215/*
7216** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7217**
7218** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7219** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7220** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7221** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7222**
7223** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7224** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7225** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7226**
7227** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7228** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7229** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7230** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7231*/
7232int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7233
7234/*
7235** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7236**
7237** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7238** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7239**
7240** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7241** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7242** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7243** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7244*/
7245#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7246#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7247#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7248#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7249#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7250#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7251#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7252#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7253#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7254#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7255#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7256#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7257#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7258#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7259#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7260#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7261#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7262#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7263#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7264#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7265#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7266#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7267#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7268#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7269#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7270
7271/*
7272** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7273**
7274** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7275** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7276** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7277** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7278**
7279** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7280** keywords understood by SQLite.
7281**
7282** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7283** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7284** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7285** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7286** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7287** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7288** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7289**
7290** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7291** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7292** if it is and zero if not.
7293**
7294** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7295** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7296** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7297** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7298** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7299** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7300** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7301** name collisions include:
7302** <ul>
7303** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7304**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7305** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7306**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7307**      technique.
7308** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7309**      with "Z".
7310** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7311** </ul>
7312**
7313** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7314** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7315** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7316** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7317*/
7318int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7319int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7320int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7321
7322/*
7323** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7324** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7325**
7326** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7327** string under construction.
7328**
7329** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7330** <ol>
7331** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7332** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7333** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7334** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7335** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7336** </ol>
7337*/
7338typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7339
7340/*
7341** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7342** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7343**
7344** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7345** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7346** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7347** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7348**
7349** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7350** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7351** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7352** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7353** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7354** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7355** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7356** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7357** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7358**
7359** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7360** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7361** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7362** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7363** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7364*/
7365sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7366
7367/*
7368** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7369** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7370**
7371** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7372** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7373** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7374** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7375** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7376** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7377** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7378** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7379*/
7380char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7381
7382/*
7383** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7384** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7385**
7386** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7387** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7388**
7389** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7390** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7391** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7392** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7393**
7394** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7395** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7396** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7397** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7398** method instead.
7399**
7400** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7401** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7402**
7403** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7404** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7405** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7406**
7407** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7408** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7409**
7410** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7411** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7412** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7413*/
7414void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7415void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7416void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7417void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7418void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7419void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7420
7421/*
7422** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7423** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7424**
7425** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7426**
7427** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7428** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7429** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7430** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7431** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7432** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7433**
7434** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7435** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7436** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7437** zero-termination byte.
7438**
7439** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7440** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7441** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7442** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7443** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7444** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7445** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7446** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7447** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7448** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7449*/
7450int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7451int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7452char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7453
7454/*
7455** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7456**
7457** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7458** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7459** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7460** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7461** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7462** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7463** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7464** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7465** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7466** value.  For those parameters
7467** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7468** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7469** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7470**
7471** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7472** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7473**
7474** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7475** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7476** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7477**
7478** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7479*/
7480int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7481int sqlite3_status64(
7482  int op,
7483  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7484  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7485  int resetFlag
7486);
7487
7488
7489/*
7490** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7491** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7492**
7493** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7494** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7495**
7496** <dl>
7497** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7498** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7499** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7500** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7501** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7502** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7503** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7504** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7505**
7506** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7507** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7508** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7509** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7510** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7511** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7512**
7513** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7514** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7515** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7516**
7517** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7518** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7519** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7520** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7521** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7522**
7523** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7524** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7525** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7526** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7527** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7528** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7529** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7530** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7531** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7532**
7533** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7534** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7535** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7536** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7537** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7538**
7539** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7540** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7541**
7542** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7543** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7544**
7545** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7546** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7547**
7548** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7549** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7550** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7551** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7552** </dl>
7553**
7554** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7555*/
7556#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7557#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7558#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7559#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7560#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7561#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7562#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7563#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7564#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7565#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7566
7567/*
7568** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7569** METHOD: sqlite3
7570**
7571** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7572** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7573** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7574** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7575** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7576** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7577** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7578** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7579**
7580** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7581** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7582** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7583** reset back down to the current value.
7584**
7585** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7586** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7587**
7588** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7589*/
7590int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7591
7592/*
7593** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7594** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7595**
7596** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7597** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7598**
7599** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7600** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7601** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7602** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7603** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7604**
7605** <dl>
7606** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7607** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7608** checked out.</dd>)^
7609**
7610** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7611** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7612** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7613** the current value is always zero.)^
7614**
7615** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7616** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7617** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7618** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7619** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7620** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7621** the current value is always zero.)^
7622**
7623** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7624** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7625** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7626** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7627** memory already being in use.
7628** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7629** the current value is always zero.)^
7630**
7631** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7632** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7633** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7634** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7635**
7636** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7637** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7638** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7639** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7640** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7641** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7642** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7643** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7644** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7645** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7646** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7647**
7648** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7649** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7650** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7651** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7652** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7653** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7654** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7655** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7656**
7657** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7658** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7659** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7660** the database connection.)^
7661** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7662** </dd>
7663**
7664** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7665** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7666** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7667** is always 0.
7668** </dd>
7669**
7670** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7671** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7672** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7673** is always 0.
7674** </dd>
7675**
7676** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7677** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7678** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7679** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7680** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7681** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7682** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7683** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7684** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7685** </dd>
7686**
7687** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7688** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7689** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7690** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7691** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7692** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7693** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
7694** </dd>
7695**
7696** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7697** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7698** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7699** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7700** </dd>
7701** </dl>
7702*/
7703#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7704#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7705#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7706#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7707#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7708#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7709#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7710#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7711#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7712#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7713#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7714#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7715#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7716#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7717
7718
7719/*
7720** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7721** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7722**
7723** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7724** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7725** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7726** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7727** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7728** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7729** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7730** an index.
7731**
7732** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7733** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7734** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7735** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7736** to be interrogated.)^
7737** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7738** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7739** interface call returns.
7740**
7741** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7742*/
7743int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7744
7745/*
7746** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7747** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7748**
7749** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7750** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7751** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7752**
7753** <dl>
7754** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7755** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7756** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7757** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7758** careful use of indices.</dd>
7759**
7760** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7761** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7762** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7763** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7764**
7765** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7766** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7767** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7768** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7769** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7770** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7771**
7772** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7773** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7774** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7775** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7776** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7777** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7778** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7779**
7780** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7781** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7782** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7783** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7784**
7785** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7786** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7787** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7788** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7789** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7790** cycle.
7791**
7792** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7793** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7794** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7795** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7796** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7797** </dd>
7798** </dl>
7799*/
7800#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7801#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7802#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7803#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7804#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7805#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7806#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7807
7808/*
7809** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7810**
7811** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7812** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7813** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7814** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7815** to the object.
7816**
7817** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7818*/
7819typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7820
7821/*
7822** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7823**
7824** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7825** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7826** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7827** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7828**
7829** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7830*/
7831typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7832struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7833  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7834  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7835};
7836
7837/*
7838** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7839** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7840**
7841** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7842** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7843** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7844** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7845** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7846** By implementing a
7847** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7848** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7849** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7850** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7851** how long.
7852**
7853** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7854** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7855** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7856**
7857** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7858** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7859** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7860** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7861**
7862** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7863** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7864** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7865** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7866** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7867** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7868** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7869** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7870** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7871** page cache.)^
7872**
7873** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7874** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7875** It can be used to clean up
7876** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7877** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7878**
7879** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7880** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7881** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7882** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7883** in multithreaded applications.
7884**
7885** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7886** call to xShutdown().
7887**
7888** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7889** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7890** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7891** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7892** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7893** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7894** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7895** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7896** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7897** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7898** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7899** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7900** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7901** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7902** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7903** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7904** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7905** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7906** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7907** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7908** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7909** never contain any unpinned pages.
7910**
7911** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7912** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7913** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7914** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7915** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7916** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7917** value; it is advisory only.
7918**
7919** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7920** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7921** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7922**
7923** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7924** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7925** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7926** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7927** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7928** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7929** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7930** for each entry in the page cache.
7931**
7932** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7933** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7934** to be "pinned".
7935**
7936** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7937** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7938** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7939** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7940** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7941**
7942** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7943** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7944** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7945** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7946**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7947** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7948**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7949** </table>
7950**
7951** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7952** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7953** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7954** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7955** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7956**
7957** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7958** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7959** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7960** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7961** ^If the discard parameter is
7962** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7963** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7964** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7965**
7966** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7967** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7968** to xFetch().
7969**
7970** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7971** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7972** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7973** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7974** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7975** to be pinned.
7976**
7977** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7978** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7979** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7980** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7981** they can be safely discarded.
7982**
7983** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7984** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7985** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7986** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7987** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7988** functions.
7989**
7990** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7991** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7992** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7993** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7994** do their best.
7995*/
7996typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7997struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7998  int iVersion;
7999  void *pArg;
8000  int (*xInit)(void*);
8001  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8002  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8003  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8004  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8005  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8006  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8007  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8008      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8009  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8010  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8011  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8012};
8013
8014/*
8015** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8016** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8017** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8018*/
8019typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8020struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8021  void *pArg;
8022  int (*xInit)(void*);
8023  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8024  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8025  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8026  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8027  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8028  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8029  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8030  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8031  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8032};
8033
8034
8035/*
8036** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8037**
8038** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8039** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8040** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8041** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8042**
8043** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8044*/
8045typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8046
8047/*
8048** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8049**
8050** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8051** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8052** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8053**
8054** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8055**
8056** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8057** for the duration of the backup operation.
8058** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8059** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8060** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8061** preventing other database connections from
8062** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8063**
8064** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8065**   <ol>
8066**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8067**         backup,
8068**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8069**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8070**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8071**         associated with the backup operation.
8072**   </ol>)^
8073** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8074** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8075**
8076** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8077**
8078** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8079** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8080** and the database name, respectively.
8081** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8082** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8083** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8084** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8085** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8086** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8087** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8088** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8089** an error.
8090**
8091** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8092** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8093** destination database.
8094**
8095** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8096** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8097** destination [database connection] D.
8098** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8099** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8100** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8101** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8102** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8103** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8104** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8105** operation.
8106**
8107** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8108**
8109** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8110** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8111** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8112** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8113** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8114** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8115** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8116** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8117** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8118** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8119** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8120** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8121**
8122** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8123** <ol>
8124** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8125** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8126** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8127** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8128** destination and source page sizes differ.
8129** </ol>)^
8130**
8131** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8132** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8133** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8134** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8135** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8136** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8137** [database connection]
8138** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8139** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8140** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8141** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8142** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8143** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8144** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8145** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8146** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8147**
8148** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8149** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8150** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8151** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8152** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8153** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8154** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8155** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8156** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8157** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8158** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8159** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8160** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8161** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8162** updated at the same time.
8163**
8164** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8165**
8166** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8167** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8168** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8169** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8170** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8171** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8172** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8173** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8174** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8175**
8176** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8177** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8178** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8179** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8180** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8181** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8182**
8183** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8184** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8185** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8186**
8187** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8188** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8189**
8190** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8191** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8192** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8193** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8194** sqlite3_backup_step().
8195** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8196** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8197** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8198** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8199** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8200** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8201**
8202** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8203**
8204** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8205** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8206** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8207** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8208** from within other threads.
8209**
8210** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8211** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8212** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8213** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8214** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8215** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8216** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8217** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8218**
8219** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8220** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8221** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8222** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8223** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8224** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8225**
8226** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8227** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8228** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8229** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8230** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8231** possible that they return invalid values.
8232*/
8233sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8234  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8235  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8236  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8237  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8238);
8239int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8240int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8241int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8242int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8243
8244/*
8245** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8246** METHOD: sqlite3
8247**
8248** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8249** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8250** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8251** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8252** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8253** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8254** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8255** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8256**
8257** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8258**
8259** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8260** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8261**
8262** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8263** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8264** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8265** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8266** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8267** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8268** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8269** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8270** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8271** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
8272**
8273** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8274** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8275** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8276** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8277** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8278**
8279** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8280** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8281** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8282** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8283**
8284** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8285** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8286** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8287** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8288** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8289** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8290** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8291** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8292**
8293** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8294** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8295** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8296**
8297** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8298** returns SQLITE_OK.
8299**
8300** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8301**
8302** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8303** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8304** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8305** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8306** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8307** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8308**
8309** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
8310** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8311** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8312** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8313** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8314** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8315** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8316** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8317**
8318** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8319**
8320** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8321** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8322** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8323** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8324** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8325** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8326** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8327**
8328** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8329** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8330** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8331** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8332** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8333** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8334** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8335** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8336** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8337** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8338** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8339** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8340**
8341** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8342**
8343** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8344** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8345** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8346** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8347** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8348** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8349** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8350** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8351** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8352**
8353** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8354** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8355** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8356** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8357** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8358*/
8359int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8360  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8361  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8362  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8363);
8364
8365
8366/*
8367** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8368**
8369** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8370** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8371** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8372** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8373*/
8374int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8375int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8376
8377/*
8378** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8379*
8380** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8381** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8382** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8383** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8384** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8385** is case sensitive.
8386**
8387** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8388** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8389**
8390** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8391*/
8392int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8393
8394/*
8395** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8396*
8397** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8398** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8399** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8400** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8401** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8402** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8403** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8404** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8405** one another.
8406**
8407** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8408** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8409**
8410** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8411** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8412**
8413** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8414*/
8415int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8416
8417/*
8418** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8419**
8420** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8421** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8422** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8423** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8424**
8425** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8426** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8427** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8428** is considered bad form.
8429**
8430** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8431**
8432** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8433** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8434** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8435** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8436** buffer.
8437*/
8438void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8439
8440/*
8441** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8442** METHOD: sqlite3
8443**
8444** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8445** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8446**
8447** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8448** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8449** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8450**
8451** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8452** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8453** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8454** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8455** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8456** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8457** including those that were just committed.
8458**
8459** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8460** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8461** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8462** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8463** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8464** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8465** are undefined.
8466**
8467** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8468** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8469** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8470** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8471** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8472** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8473*/
8474void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8475  sqlite3*,
8476  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8477  void*
8478);
8479
8480/*
8481** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8482** METHOD: sqlite3
8483**
8484** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8485** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8486** to automatically [checkpoint]
8487** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8488** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8489** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8490** checkpoints entirely.
8491**
8492** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8493** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8494** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8495** configured by this function.
8496**
8497** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8498** from SQL.
8499**
8500** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8501** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8502**
8503** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8504** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8505** pages.  The use of this interface
8506** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8507** for a particular application.
8508*/
8509int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8510
8511/*
8512** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8513** METHOD: sqlite3
8514**
8515** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8516** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8517**
8518** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8519** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8520** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8521** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8522** information.
8523**
8524** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8525** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8526** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8527** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8528** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8529** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8530*/
8531int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8532
8533/*
8534** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8535** METHOD: sqlite3
8536**
8537** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8538** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8539** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8540** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8541**
8542** <dl>
8543** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8544**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8545**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8546**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8547**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8548**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8549**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8550**
8551** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8552**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8553**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8554**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8555**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8556**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8557**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8558**
8559** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8560**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8561**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8562**   [busy-handler callback])
8563**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8564**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8565**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8566**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8567**
8568** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8569**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8570**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8571**   to a successful return.
8572** </dl>
8573**
8574** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8575** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8576** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8577** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8578** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8579** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8580** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8581** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8582** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8583**
8584** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8585** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8586** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8587** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8588**
8589** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8590** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8591** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8592** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8593** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8594** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8595** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8596** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8597** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8598** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8599**
8600** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8601** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8602** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8603** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8604** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8605** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8606** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8607** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8608** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8609** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8610** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8611**
8612** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8613** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8614** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8615** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8616**
8617** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8618** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8619** sets the error information that is queried by
8620** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8621**
8622** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8623** from SQL.
8624*/
8625int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8626  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8627  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8628  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8629  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8630  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8631);
8632
8633/*
8634** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8635** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8636**
8637** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8638** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8639** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8640** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8641*/
8642#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8643#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8644#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8645#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8646
8647/*
8648** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8649**
8650** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8651** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8652** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8653**
8654** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8655** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8656**
8657** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8658** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8659** may be added in the future.
8660*/
8661int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8662
8663/*
8664** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8665**
8666** These macros define the various options to the
8667** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8668** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8669**
8670** <dl>
8671** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8672** <dd>Calls of the form
8673** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8674** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8675** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8676** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8677** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8678** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8679** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8680** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8681**
8682** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8683** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8684** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8685** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8686** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8687** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8688** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8689** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8690** had been ABORT.
8691**
8692** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8693** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8694** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8695** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8696** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8697** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8698** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8699** constraint handling.
8700** </dl>
8701*/
8702#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8703
8704/*
8705** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8706**
8707** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8708** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8709** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8710** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8711** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8712** [virtual table].
8713*/
8714int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8715
8716/*
8717** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8718**
8719** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8720** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8721** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8722** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8723** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
8724** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
8725**
8726** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8727** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
8728** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8729** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8730** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8731** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8732*/
8733int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8734
8735/*
8736** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8737**
8738** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8739** method of a [virtual table].
8740**
8741** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8742** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8743** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8744** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8745** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8746** constraint.
8747*/
8748SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8749
8750/*
8751** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8752** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8753**
8754** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8755** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8756** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8757**
8758** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8759** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8760** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8761*/
8762#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8763/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8764#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8765/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8766#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8767
8768/*
8769** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8770** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8771**
8772** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8773** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8774** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8775**
8776** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8777** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8778** S is finalized.
8779**
8780** <dl>
8781** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8782** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8783** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8784**
8785** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8786** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8787** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8788**
8789** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8790** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8791** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8792** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8793** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8794** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8795** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8796**
8797** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8798** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8799** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8800** used for the X-th loop.
8801**
8802** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8803** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8804** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8805** description for the X-th loop.
8806**
8807** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8808** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8809** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8810** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8811** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8812** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8813** </dl>
8814*/
8815#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8816#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8817#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8818#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8819#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8820#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8821
8822/*
8823** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8824** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8825**
8826** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8827** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8828** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8829** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8830**
8831** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8832** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8833** compile-time option.
8834**
8835** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8836** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8837** of this interface is undefined.
8838** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8839** the "pOut" parameter.
8840** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8841** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8842** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8843** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8844** points to is unchanged.
8845**
8846** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8847** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8848** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8849** that pOut points to unchanged.
8850**
8851** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8852*/
8853int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8854  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8855  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8856  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8857  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8858);
8859
8860/*
8861** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8862** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8863**
8864** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8865**
8866** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8867** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8868*/
8869void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8870
8871/*
8872** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8873**
8874** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8875** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8876** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8877** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8878** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8879** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8880** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8881** any [attached] databases.
8882**
8883** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8884** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8885** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8886** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8887** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8888** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8889** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8890** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8891**
8892** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8893** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8894** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8895**
8896** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8897**
8898** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8899** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8900*/
8901int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8902
8903/*
8904** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8905**
8906** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8907** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8908**
8909** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8910** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8911** on a database table.
8912** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8913** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8914** the previous setting.
8915** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8916** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8917** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8918** the first parameter to callbacks.
8919**
8920** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8921** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8922** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8923**
8924** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8925** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8926** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8927** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8928** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8929** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8930** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8931** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8932** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8933** databases.)^
8934** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8935** table that is being modified.
8936**
8937** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8938** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8939** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8940** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8941** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8942** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8943** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8944** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8945** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8946**
8947** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8948** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8949** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8950** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8951** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8952** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8953** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8954** behavior.
8955**
8956** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8957** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8958**
8959** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8960** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8961** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8962** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8963** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8964** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8965** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8966** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8967**
8968** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8969** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8970** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8971** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8972** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8973** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8974** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8975** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8976**
8977** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8978** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8979** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8980** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8981** triggers; and so forth.
8982**
8983** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8984*/
8985#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8986void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8987  sqlite3 *db,
8988  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8989    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8990    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8991    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8992    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8993    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8994    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8995    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8996  ),
8997  void*
8998);
8999int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9000int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9001int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9002int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9003#endif
9004
9005/*
9006** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9007**
9008** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9009** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9010** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9011** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9012** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9013** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9014*/
9015int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9016
9017/*
9018** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9019** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9020**
9021** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9022** database for some specific point in history.
9023**
9024** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9025** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9026** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9027** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9028** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9029** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9030** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9031**
9032** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9033** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9034** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9035** the most recent version.
9036*/
9037typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9038  unsigned char hidden[48];
9039} sqlite3_snapshot;
9040
9041/*
9042** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9043** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9044**
9045** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9046** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9047** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9048** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9049** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9050** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9051** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9052**
9053** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9054** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9055** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9056** in this case.
9057**
9058** <ul>
9059**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9060**
9061**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9062**
9063**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9064**        connection D.
9065**
9066**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9067**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9068**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9069**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9070**        must be written to it first.
9071** </ul>
9072**
9073** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9074** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9075** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9076**
9077** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9078** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9079** to avoid a memory leak.
9080**
9081** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9082** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9083*/
9084SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9085  sqlite3 *db,
9086  const char *zSchema,
9087  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9088);
9089
9090/*
9091** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9092** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9093**
9094** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9095** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9096** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9097** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9098** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9099** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9100**
9101** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9102** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9103** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9104** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9105** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9106** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9107** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9108**
9109** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9110** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9111** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9112**
9113** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9114** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9115** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9116** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9117** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9118** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9119** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9120**
9121** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9122** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9123** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9124** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9125** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9126** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9127** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9128** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9129**
9130** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9131** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9132*/
9133SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9134  sqlite3 *db,
9135  const char *zSchema,
9136  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9137);
9138
9139/*
9140** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9141** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9142**
9143** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9144** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9145** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9146**
9147** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9148** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9149*/
9150SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9151
9152/*
9153** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9154** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9155**
9156** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9157** of two valid snapshot handles.
9158**
9159** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9160** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9161**
9162** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9163** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9164** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9165** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9166** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9167** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9168** is undefined.
9169**
9170** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9171** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9172** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9173**
9174** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9175** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9176*/
9177SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9178  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9179  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9180);
9181
9182/*
9183** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9184** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9185**
9186** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9187** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9188** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9189** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9190** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9191** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9192** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9193**
9194** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9195** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9196** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9197** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9198** database.
9199**
9200** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9201**
9202** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9203** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9204*/
9205SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9206
9207/*
9208** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9209**
9210** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9211** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9212** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9213** is written into *P.
9214**
9215** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9216** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9217** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9218** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9219**
9220** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9221** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9222** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9223** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9224** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9225** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9226** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9227** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9228** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9229** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9230** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9231** values of D and S.
9232** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9233** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9234** of the database exists.
9235**
9236** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9237** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9238** allocation error occurs.
9239**
9240** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9241** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9242*/
9243unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9244  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9245  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9246  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9247  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9248);
9249
9250/*
9251** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9252**
9253** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9254** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9255**
9256** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9257** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9258** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9259** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9260** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9261** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9262** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9263*/
9264#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9265
9266/*
9267** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9268**
9269** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9270** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9271** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9272** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9273** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9274** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9275** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9276** size does not exceed M bytes.
9277**
9278** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9279** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9280** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9281** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9282** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9283**
9284** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9285** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9286** operation.
9287**
9288** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9289** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9290** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9291**
9292** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9293** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9294*/
9295int sqlite3_deserialize(
9296  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9297  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9298  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9299  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9300  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9301  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9302);
9303
9304/*
9305** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9306**
9307** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9308** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9309**
9310** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9311** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9312** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9313** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9314** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9315**
9316** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9317** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9318** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9319** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9320** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9321**
9322** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9323** should be treated as read-only.
9324*/
9325#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9326#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9327#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9328
9329/*
9330** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9331** builds on processors without floating point support.
9332*/
9333#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9334# undef double
9335#endif
9336
9337#ifdef __cplusplus
9338}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9339#endif
9340#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9341