xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 7c68d60b)
1/*
2** Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 D. Richard Hipp
3**
4** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5** modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
6** License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7** version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8**
9** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
12** General Public License for more details.
13**
14** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
15** License along with this library; if not, write to the
16** Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
17** Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
18**
19** Author contact information:
20**   [email protected]
21**   http://www.hwaci.com/drh/
22**
23*************************************************************************
24** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite library
25** presents to client programs.
26**
27** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.5 2000/10/09 12:57:01 drh Exp $
28*/
29#ifndef _SQLITE_H_
30#define _SQLITE_H_
31#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
32
33/*
34** The version of the SQLite library.
35*/
36#define SQLITE_VERSION         "--VERS--"
37
38/*
39** The version string is also compiled into the library so that a program
40** can check to make sure that the lib*.a file and the *.h file are from
41** the same version.
42*/
43extern const char sqlite_version[];
44
45/*
46** Each open sqlite database is represented by an instance of the
47** following opaque structure.
48*/
49typedef struct sqlite sqlite;
50
51/*
52** A function to open a new sqlite database.
53**
54** If the database does not exist and mode indicates write
55** permission, then a new database is created.  If the database
56** does not exist and mode does not indicate write permission,
57** then the open fails, an error message generated (if errmsg!=0)
58** and the function returns 0.
59**
60** If mode does not indicates user write permission, then the
61** database is opened read-only.
62**
63** The Truth:  As currently implemented, all databases are opened
64** for writing all the time.  Maybe someday we will provide the
65** ability to open a database readonly.  The mode parameters is
66** provide in anticipation of that enhancement.
67*/
68sqlite *sqlite_open(const char *filename, int mode, char **errmsg);
69
70/*
71** A function to close the database.
72**
73** Call this function with a pointer to a structure that was previously
74** returned from sqlite_open() and the corresponding database will by closed.
75*/
76void sqlite_close(sqlite *);
77
78/*
79** The type for a callback function.
80*/
81typedef int (*sqlite_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
82
83/*
84** A function to executes one or more statements of SQL.
85**
86** If one or more of the SQL statements are queries, then
87** the callback function specified by the 3rd parameter is
88** invoked once for each row of the query result.  This callback
89** should normally return 0.  If the callback returns a non-zero
90** value then the query is aborted, all subsequent SQL statements
91** are skipped and the sqlite_exec() function returns the SQLITE_ABORT.
92**
93** The 4th parameter is an arbitrary pointer that is passed
94** to the callback function as its first parameter.
95**
96** The 2nd parameter to the callback function is the number of
97** columns in the query result.  The 3rd parameter is an array
98** of string holding the values for each column.  The 4th parameter
99** is an array of strings holding the names of each column.
100**
101** The callback function may be NULL, even for queries.  A NULL
102** callback is not an error.  It just means that no callback
103** will be invoked.
104**
105** If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating the SQL (but
106** not while executing the callback) then an appropriate error
107** message is written into memory obtained from malloc() and
108** *errmsg is made to point to that message.  If errmsg==NULL,
109** then no error message is ever written.  The return value is
110** SQLITE_ERROR if an error occurs.  The calling function is
111** responsible for freeing the memory that holds the error
112** message.
113**
114** If the query could not be executed because a database file is
115** locked or busy, then this function returns SQLITE_BUSY.  (This
116** behavior can be modified somewhat using the sqlite_busy_handler()
117** and sqlite_busy_timeout() functions below.) If the query could
118** not be executed because a file is missing or has incorrect
119** permissions, this function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
120*/
121int sqlite_exec(
122  sqlite*,                      /* An open database */
123  char *sql,                    /* SQL to be executed */
124  sqlite_callback,              /* Callback function */
125  void *,                       /* 1st argument to callback function */
126  char **errmsg                 /* Error msg written here */
127);
128
129/*
130** Return values for sqlite_exec()
131*/
132#define SQLITE_OK        0    /* Successful result */
133#define SQLITE_INTERNAL  1    /* An internal logic error in SQLite */
134#define SQLITE_ERROR     2    /* SQL error or missing database */
135#define SQLITE_PERM      3    /* Access permission denied */
136#define SQLITE_ABORT     4    /* Callback routine requested an abort */
137#define SQLITE_BUSY      5    /* One or more database files are locked */
138#define SQLITE_NOMEM     6    /* A malloc() failed */
139#define SQLITE_READONLY  7    /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
140
141/* This function returns true if the given input string comprises
142** one or more complete SQL statements.
143**
144** The algorithm is simple.  If the last token other than spaces
145** and comments is a semicolon, then return true.  otherwise return
146** false.
147*/
148int sqlite_complete(const char *sql);
149
150/*
151** This routine identifies a callback function that is invoked
152** whenever an attempt is made to open a database table that is
153** currently locked by another process or thread.  If the busy callback
154** is NULL, then sqlite_exec() returns SQLITE_BUSY immediately if
155** it finds a locked table.  If the busy callback is not NULL, then
156** sqlite_exec() invokes the callback with three arguments.  The
157** second argument is the name of the locked table and the third
158** argument is the number of times the table has been busy.  If the
159** busy callback returns 0, then sqlite_exec() immediately returns
160** SQLITE_BUSY.  If the callback returns non-zero, then sqlite_exec()
161** tries to open the table again and the cycle repeats.
162**
163** The default busy callback is NULL.
164**
165** Sqlite is re-entrant, so the busy handler may start a new query.
166** (It is not clear why anyone would every want to do this, but it
167** is allowed, in theory.)  But the busy handler may not close the
168** database.  Closing the database from a busy handler will delete
169** data structures out from under the executing query and will
170** probably result in a coredump.
171*/
172void sqlite_busy_handler(sqlite*, int(*)(void*,const char*,int), void*);
173
174/*
175** This routine sets a busy handler that sleeps for a while when a
176** table is locked.  The handler will sleep multiple times until
177** at least "ms" milleseconds of sleeping have been done.  After
178** "ms" milleseconds of sleeping, the handler returns 0 which
179** causes sqlite_exec() to return SQLITE_BUSY.
180**
181** Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
182** turns off all busy handlers.
183*/
184void sqlite_busy_timeout(sqlite*, int ms);
185
186/*
187** This next routine is really just a wrapper around sqlite_exec().
188** Instead of invoking a user-supplied callback for each row of the
189** result, this routine remembers each row of the result in memory
190** obtained from malloc(), then returns all of the result after the
191** query has finished.
192**
193** As an example, suppose the query result where this table:
194**
195**        Name        | Age
196**        -----------------------
197**        Alice       | 43
198**        Bob         | 28
199**        Cindy       | 21
200**
201** If the 3rd argument were &azResult then after the function returns
202** azResult will contain the following data:
203**
204**        azResult[0] = "Name";
205**        azResult[1] = "Age";
206**        azResult[2] = "Alice";
207**        azResult[3] = "43";
208**        azResult[4] = "Bob";
209**        azResult[5] = "28";
210**        azResult[6] = "Cindy";
211**        azResult[7] = "21";
212**
213** Notice that there is an extra row of data containing the column
214** headers.  But the *nrow return value is still 3.  *ncolumn is
215** set to 2.  In general, the number of values inserted into azResult
216** will be ((*nrow) + 1)*(*ncolumn).
217**
218** After the calling function has finished using the result, it should
219** pass the result data pointer to sqlite_free_table() in order to
220** release the memory that was malloc-ed.  Because of the way the
221** malloc() happens, the calling function must not try to call
222** malloc() directly.  Only sqlite_free_table() is able to release
223** the memory properly and safely.
224**
225** The return value of this routine is the same as from sqlite_exec().
226*/
227int sqlite_get_table(
228  sqlite*,               /* An open database */
229  char *sql,             /* SQL to be executed */
230  char ***resultp,       /* Result written to a char *[]  that this points to */
231  int *nrow,             /* Number of result rows written here */
232  int *ncolumn,          /* Number of result columns written here */
233  char **errmsg          /* Error msg written here */
234);
235
236/*
237** Call this routine to free the memory that sqlite_get_table() allocated.
238*/
239void sqlite_free_table(char **result);
240
241/*
242** The following routines are wrappers around sqlite_exec() and
243** sqlite_get_table().  The only difference between the routines that
244** follow and the originals is that the second argument to the
245** routines that follow is really a printf()-style format
246** string describing the SQL to be executed.  Arguments to the format
247** string appear at the end of the argument list.
248**
249** All of the usual printf formatting options apply.  In addition, there
250** is a "%q" option.  %q works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
251** string from the argument list.  But %q also double every '\'' character.
252** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.  By doubling each '\''
253** character is escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
254** the string.
255**
256** For example, so some string variable contains text as follows:
257**
258**      char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
259**
260** We can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
261**
262**      sqlite_exec_printf(db, "INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')",
263**          callback1, 0, 0, zText);
264**
265** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
266** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
267**
268**      INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
269**
270** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
271** would have looked like this:
272**
273**      INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
274**
275** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you
276** should always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string
277** literal.
278*/
279int sqlite_exec_printf(
280  sqlite*,                      /* An open database */
281  char *sqlFormat,              /* printf-style format string for the SQL */
282  sqlite_callback,              /* Callback function */
283  void *,                       /* 1st argument to callback function */
284  char **errmsg,                /* Error msg written here */
285  ...                           /* Arguments to the format string. */
286);
287int sqlite_exec_vprintf(
288  sqlite*,                      /* An open database */
289  char *sqlFormat,              /* printf-style format string for the SQL */
290  sqlite_callback,              /* Callback function */
291  void *,                       /* 1st argument to callback function */
292  char **errmsg,                /* Error msg written here */
293  va_list ap                    /* Arguments to the format string. */
294);
295int sqlite_get_table_printf(
296  sqlite*,               /* An open database */
297  char *sqlFormat,       /* printf-style format string for the SQL */
298  char ***resultp,       /* Result written to a char *[]  that this points to */
299  int *nrow,             /* Number of result rows written here */
300  int *ncolumn,          /* Number of result columns written here */
301  char **errmsg,         /* Error msg written here */
302  ...                    /* Arguments to the format string */
303);
304int sqlite_get_table_vprintf(
305  sqlite*,               /* An open database */
306  char *sqlFormat,       /* printf-style format string for the SQL */
307  char ***resultp,       /* Result written to a char *[]  that this points to */
308  int *nrow,             /* Number of result rows written here */
309  int *ncolumn,          /* Number of result columns written here */
310  char **errmsg,         /* Error msg written here */
311  va_list ap             /* Arguments to the format string */
312);
313
314
315#endif /* _SQLITE_H_ */
316