xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 7ac2ee0a)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#endif
193
194/*
195** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196**
197** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200**
201** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207**
208** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212**
213** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216**
217** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227**
228** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229*/
230int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231
232/*
233** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235**
236** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241** interfaces (such as
242** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244** sqlite3 object.
245*/
246typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247
248/*
249** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251**
252** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254**
255** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257** compatibility only.
258**
259** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263*/
264#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268# else
269    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270# endif
271#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274#else
275  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277#endif
278typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280
281/*
282** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283** substitute integer for floating-point.
284*/
285#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286# define double sqlite3_int64
287#endif
288
289/*
290** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292**
293** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294** for the [sqlite3] object.
295** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297** resources are deallocated.
298**
299** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309**
310** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319**
320** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322**
323** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324** must be either a NULL
325** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329** argument is a harmless no-op.
330*/
331int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333
334/*
335** The type for a callback function.
336** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337** compatibility and is not documented.
338*/
339typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340
341/*
342** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343** METHOD: sqlite3
344**
345** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348** without having to use a lot of C code.
349**
350** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359** ignored.
360**
361** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371** NULL before returning.
372**
373** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376**
377** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386**
387** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390** is not changed.
391**
392** Restrictions:
393**
394** <ul>
395** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396**      is a valid and open [database connection].
397** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401** </ul>
402*/
403int sqlite3_exec(
404  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409);
410
411/*
412** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414**
415** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417**
418** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419**
420** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421*/
422#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423/* beginning-of-error-codes */
424#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454/* end-of-error-codes */
455
456/*
457** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459**
460** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465** and later) include
466** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468** on a per database connection basis using the
469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470** the most recent error can be obtained using
471** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472*/
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
507#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
508#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
509#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
510#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
516#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
518#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
519#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
520#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
521#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
523#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
524#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
525#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
526#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
527#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
528#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
534#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
535#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
536#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
537#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
538#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
539#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
540
541/*
542** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
543**
544** These bit values are intended for use in the
545** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
546** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
547*/
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
567#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
568
569/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
570
571/*
572** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
573**
574** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
575** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
576** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
577** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
578** refers to.
579**
580** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
581** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
582** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
583** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
584** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
585** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
586** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
587** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
588** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
589** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
590** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
591** file that were written at the application level might have changed
592** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
593** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
594** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
595** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
596** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
597** elevated privileges.
598**
599** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
600** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
601** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
602** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
603*/
604#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
605#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
606#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
607#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
608#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
609#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
618#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
619
620/*
621** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
622**
623** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
624** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
625** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
626*/
627#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
628#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
629#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
630#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
631#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
632
633/*
634** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
635**
636** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
637** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
638** these integer values as the second argument.
639**
640** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
641** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
642** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
643** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
644** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
645** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
646**
647** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
648** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
649** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
650** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
651** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
652** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
653** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
654** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
655** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
656** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
657** cares about the difference.)
658*/
659#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
660#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
661#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
662
663/*
664** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
665**
666** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
667** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
668** implementations will
669** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
670** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
671** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
672** I/O operations on the open file.
673*/
674typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
675struct sqlite3_file {
676  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
677};
678
679/*
680** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
681**
682** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
683** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
684** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
685** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
686** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
687**
688** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
689** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
690** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
691** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
692** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
693** to NULL.
694**
695** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
696** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
697** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
698** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
699** and not its inode needs to be synced.
700**
701** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
702** <ul>
703** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
704** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
705** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
706** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
707** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
708** </ul>
709** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
710** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
711** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
712** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
713** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
714**
715** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
716** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
717** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
718** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
719** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
720** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
721** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
722** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
723** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
724** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
725** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
726** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
727** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
728** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
729** recognize.
730**
731** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
732** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
733** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
734** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
735** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
736** underlying device:
737**
738** <ul>
739** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
740** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
741** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
742** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
743** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
744** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
753** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
754** </ul>
755**
756** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
757** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
758** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
759** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
760** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
761** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
762** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
763** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
764** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
765** to xWrite().
766**
767** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
768** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
769** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
770** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
771** database corruption.
772*/
773typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
774struct sqlite3_io_methods {
775  int iVersion;
776  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
777  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
778  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
779  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
780  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
781  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
782  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
783  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
784  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
785  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
786  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
787  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
788  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
789  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
790  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
791  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
792  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
793  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
794  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
795  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
796  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
797  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
798};
799
800/*
801** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
802** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
803**
804** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
805** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
806** interface.
807**
808** <ul>
809** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
810** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
811** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
812** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
813** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
814** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
815** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
816** compile-time option is used.
817**
818** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
819** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
820** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
821** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
822** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
823** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
824** file run faster.
825**
826** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
827** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
828** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
829** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
830** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
831** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
832** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
833** pointed to is set to the new limit.
834**
835** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
836** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
837** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
838** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
839** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
840** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
841** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
842** improve performance on some systems.
843**
844** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
845** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
846** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
847** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
848**
849** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
850** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
851** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
852** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
853** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
854**
855** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
856** No longer in use.
857**
858** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
859** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
860** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
861** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
862** because the user has configured SQLite with
863** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
864** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
865** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
866** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
867** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
868** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
869** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
870** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
871**
872** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
873** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
874** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
875** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
876** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
877** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
878** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
879**
880** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
881** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
882** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
883** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
884** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
885** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
886** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
887** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
888** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
889** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
890** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
891** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
892** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
893** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
894** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
895** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
896**
897** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
898** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
899** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
900** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
901** files used for transaction control
902** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
903** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
904** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
905** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
906** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
907** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
908** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
909** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
910** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
911** WAL persistence setting.
912**
913** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
914** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
915** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
916** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
917** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
918** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
919** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
920** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
921** zero-damage mode setting.
922**
923** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
924** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
925** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
926** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
927** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
928**
929** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
930** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
931** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
932** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
933** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
934** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
935** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
936** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
937** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
938** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
939** is intended for diagnostic use only.
940**
941** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
942** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
943** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
944** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
945** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
946** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
947** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
948** upper-most shim only.
949**
950** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
951** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
952** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
953** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
954** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
955** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
956** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
957** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
958** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
959** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
960** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
961** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
962** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
963** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
964** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
965** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
966** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
967** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
968** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
969** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
970** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
971** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
972** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
973** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
974**
975** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
976** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
977** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
978** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
979** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
980** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
981** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
982** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
983** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
984** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
985** current operation.
986**
987** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
988** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
989** to have SQLite generate a
990** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
991** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
992** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
993** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
994** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
995**
996** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
997** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
998** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
999** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1000** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1001** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1002** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1003** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1004** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1005**
1006** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1007** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1008** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1009** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1010** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1011** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1012** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1013**
1014** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1015** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1016** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1017** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1018** was first opened.
1019**
1020** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1021** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1022** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1023** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1024** writes the resulting value there.
1025**
1026** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1027** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1028** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1029** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1030** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1031**
1032** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1033** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1034** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1035** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1036** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1037** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1038**
1039** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1040** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1041** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1042**
1043** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1044** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1045** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1046** this opcode.
1047**
1048** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1049** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1050** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1051** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1052** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1053** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1054** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1055** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1056** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1057** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1058** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1059** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1060**
1061** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1062** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1063** operations since the previous successful call to
1064** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1065** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1066** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1067** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1068** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1069** write operations are independent.
1070** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1071** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1072**
1073** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1074** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1075** operations since the previous successful call to
1076** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1077** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1078** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1079** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1080** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1081**
1082** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1083** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1084** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1085** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1086** unsigned integer parameter.
1087**
1088** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1089** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1090** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1091** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1092** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1093** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1094** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1095** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1096** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1097** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1098** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1099** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1100** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1101** [PRAGMA data_version] command provide a mechanism to detect changes to
1102** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1103** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1104** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1105** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1106** a particular attached database.
1107** </ul>
1108*/
1109#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1110#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1111#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1112#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1113#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1114#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1115#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1116#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1117#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1118#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1119#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1120#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1121#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1122#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1123#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1124#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1125#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1126#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1127#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1128#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1129#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1130#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1131#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1132#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1133#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1134#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1135#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1136#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1137#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1138#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1139#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1140#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1141#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1142#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1143#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1144
1145/* deprecated names */
1146#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1147#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1148#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1149
1150
1151/*
1152** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1153**
1154** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1155** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1156** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1157** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1158**
1159** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1160*/
1161typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1162
1163/*
1164** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1165**
1166** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1167** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1168** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1169** on some platforms.
1170*/
1171typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1172
1173/*
1174** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1175**
1176** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1177** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1178** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1179** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1180**
1181** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1182** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1183** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1184** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1185** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1186** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1187** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1188** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1189** Note that the structure
1190** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1191** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1192** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1193**
1194** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1195** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1196** a pathname in this VFS.
1197**
1198** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1199** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1200** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1201** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1202** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1203** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1204**
1205** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1206** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1207** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1208** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1209** object once the object has been registered.
1210**
1211** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1212** be unique across all VFS modules.
1213**
1214** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1215** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1216** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1217** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1218** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1219** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1220** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1221** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1222** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1223** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1224** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1225** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1226** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1227** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1228** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1229** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1230**
1231** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1232** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1233** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1234** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1235** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1236** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1237**
1238** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1239** call, depending on the object being opened:
1240**
1241** <ul>
1242** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1243** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1244** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1245** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1246** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1247** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1248** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1249** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1250** </ul>)^
1251**
1252** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1253** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1254** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1255** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1256** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1257** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1258** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1259** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1260**
1261** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1262**
1263** <ul>
1264** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1265** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1266** </ul>
1267**
1268** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1269** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1270** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1271** databases, and subjournals.
1272**
1273** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1274** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1275** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1276** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1277** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1278** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1279** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1280** for exclusive access.
1281**
1282** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1283** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1284** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1285** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1286** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1287** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1288** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1289** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1290** or failure of the xOpen call.
1291**
1292** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1293** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1294** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1295** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1296** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1297** directory.
1298**
1299** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1300** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1301** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1302** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1303** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1304** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1305**
1306** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1307** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1308** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1309** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1310** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1311** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1312** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1313** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1314** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1315** a floating point value.
1316** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1317** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1318** a 24-hour day).
1319** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1320** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1321** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1322** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1323**
1324** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1325** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1326** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1327** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1328** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1329** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1330** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1331** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1332** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1333** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1334** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1335*/
1336typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1337typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1338struct sqlite3_vfs {
1339  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1340  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1341  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1342  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1343  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1344  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1345  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1346               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1347  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1348  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1349  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1350  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1351  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1352  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1353  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1354  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1355  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1356  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1357  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1358  /*
1359  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1360  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1361  */
1362  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1363  /*
1364  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1365  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1366  */
1367  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1368  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1369  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1370  /*
1371  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1372  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1373  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1374  */
1375};
1376
1377/*
1378** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1379**
1380** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1381** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1382** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1383** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1384** simply checks whether the file exists.
1385** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1386** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1387** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1388** the directory).
1389** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1390** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1391** release of SQLite.
1392** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1393** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1394** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1395** SQLite.
1396*/
1397#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1398#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1399#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1400
1401/*
1402** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1403**
1404** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1405** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1406** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1407** xShmLock method:
1408**
1409** <ul>
1410** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1411** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1412** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1413** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1414** </ul>
1415**
1416** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1417** was given on the corresponding lock.
1418**
1419** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1420** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1421** and EXCLUSIVE.
1422*/
1423#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1424#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1425#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1426#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1427
1428/*
1429** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1430**
1431** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1432** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1433** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1434** lock outside of this range
1435*/
1436#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1437
1438
1439/*
1440** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1441**
1442** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1443** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1444** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1445** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1446** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1447** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1448**
1449** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1450** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1451** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1452** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1453** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1454** are harmless no-ops.)^
1455**
1456** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1457** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1458** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1459** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1460**
1461** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1462** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1463** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1464** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1465** sqlite3_shutdown().
1466**
1467** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1468** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1469** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1470**
1471** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1472** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1473** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1474** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1475**
1476** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1477** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1478** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1479** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1480** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1481** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1482** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1483** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1484** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1485** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1486** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1487** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1488** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1489** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1490**
1491** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1492** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1493** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1494** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1495** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1496** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1497** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1498**
1499** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1500** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1501** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1502** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1503** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1504** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1505** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1506** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1507** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1508** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1509** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1510** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1511** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1512** failure.
1513*/
1514int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1515int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1516int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1517int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1518
1519/*
1520** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1521**
1522** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1523** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1524** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1525** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1526** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1527**
1528** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1529** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1530** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1531**
1532** The sqlite3_config() interface
1533** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1534** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1535** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1536** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1537** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1538** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1539**
1540** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1541** [configuration option] that determines
1542** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1543** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1544** in the first argument.
1545**
1546** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1547** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1548** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1549*/
1550int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1551
1552/*
1553** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1554** METHOD: sqlite3
1555**
1556** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1557** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1558** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1559** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1560**
1561** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1562** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1563** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1564** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1565**
1566** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1567** the call is considered successful.
1568*/
1569int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1570
1571/*
1572** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1573**
1574** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1575** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1576**
1577** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1578** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1579** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1580** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1581** By creating an instance of this object
1582** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1583** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1584** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1585** dynamic memory needs.
1586**
1587** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1588** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1589** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1590** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1591** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1592** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1593** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1594** conditions.
1595**
1596** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1597** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1598** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1599** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1600**
1601** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1602** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1603** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1604**
1605** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1606** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1607** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1608** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1609** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1610** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1611** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1612**
1613** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1614** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1615** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1616** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1617** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1618** xInit and xShutdown.
1619**
1620** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1621** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1622** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1623** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1624** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1625** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1626** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1627** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1628** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1629** serialization.
1630**
1631** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1632** call to xShutdown().
1633*/
1634typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1635struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1636  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1637  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1638  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1639  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1640  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1641  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1642  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1643  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1644};
1645
1646/*
1647** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1648** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1649**
1650** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1651** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1652**
1653** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1654** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1655** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1656** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1657** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1658** is invoked.
1659**
1660** <dl>
1661** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1662** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1663** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1664** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1665** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1666** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1667** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1668** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1669** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1670** configuration option.</dd>
1671**
1672** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1673** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1674** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1675** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1676** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1677** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1678** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1679** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1680** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1681** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1682** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1683** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1684** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1685**
1686** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1687** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1688** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1689** all mutexes including the recursive
1690** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1691** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1692** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1693** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1694** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1695** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1696** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1697** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1698** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1699** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1700** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1701**
1702** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1703** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1704** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1705** The argument specifies
1706** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1707** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1708** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1709** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1710**
1711** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1712** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1713** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1714** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1715** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1716** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1717** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1718** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1719**
1720** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1721** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1722** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1723** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1724** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1725** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1726** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1727** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1728** </dd>
1729**
1730** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1731** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1732** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1733** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1734** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1735**   <ul>
1736**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1737**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1738**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1739**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1740**   </ul>)^
1741** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1742** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1743** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1744** </dd>
1745**
1746** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1747** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1748** </dd>
1749**
1750** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1751** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1752** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1753** cache implementation.
1754** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1755** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1756** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1757** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1758** and the number of cache lines (N).
1759** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1760** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1761** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1762** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1763** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1764** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1765** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1766** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1767** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1768** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1769** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1770** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1771** is exhausted.
1772** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1773** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1774** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1775** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1776** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1777** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1778** additional cache line. </dd>
1779**
1780** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1781** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1782** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1783** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1784** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1785** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1786** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1787** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1788** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1789** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1790** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1791** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1792** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1793** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1794** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1795** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1796** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1797** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1798** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1799**
1800** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1801** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1802** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1803** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1804** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1805** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1806** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1807** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1808** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1809** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1810** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1811**
1812** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1813** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1814** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1815** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1816** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1817** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1818** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1819** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1820** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1821** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1822** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1823** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1824**
1825** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1826** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1827** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1828** The first argument is the
1829** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1830** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1831** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1832** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1833** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1834**
1835** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1836** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1837** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1838** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1839** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1840**
1841** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1842** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1843** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1844** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1845**
1846** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1847** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1848** global [error log].
1849** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1850** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1851** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1852** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1853** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1854** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1855** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1856** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1857** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1858** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1859** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1860** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1861** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1862** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1863** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1864** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1865**
1866** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1867** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1868** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1869** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1870** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1871** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1872** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1873** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1874** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1875** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1876** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1877** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1878** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1879**
1880** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1881** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1882** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1883** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1884** ^The default setting is determined
1885** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1886** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1887** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1888** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1889** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1890** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1891** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1892**
1893** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1894** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1895** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1896** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1897** </dd>
1898**
1899** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1900** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1901** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1902** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1903** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1904** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1905** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1906** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1907** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1908** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1909** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1910** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1911** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1912** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1913** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1914** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1915**
1916** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1917** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1918** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1919** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1920** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1921** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1922** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1923** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1924** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1925** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1926** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1927** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1928** changed to its compile-time default.
1929**
1930** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1931** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1932** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1933** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1934** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1935** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1936**
1937** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1938** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1939** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1940** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1941** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1942** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1943** target platform, and SQLite version.
1944**
1945** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1946** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1947** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1948** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1949** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1950** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1951** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1952** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1953** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1954** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1955**
1956** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1957** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1958** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1959** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1960** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1961** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1962** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1963** exclusively in memory.
1964** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1965** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1966** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1967** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1968** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1969**
1970** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1971** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1972** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1973** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1974** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1975** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1976** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1977** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1978** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1979** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1980** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1981** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1982** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1983** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1984** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1985**
1986** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
1987** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
1988** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
1989** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
1990** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
1991** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
1992** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
1993** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
1994** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
1995** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
1996** </dl>
1997*/
1998#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1999#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2000#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2001#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2002#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2003#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2004#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2005#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2006#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2007#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2008#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2009/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2010#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2011#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2012#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2013#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2014#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2015#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2016#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2017#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2018#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2019#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2020#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2021#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2022#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2023#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2024#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2025#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2026#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2027
2028/*
2029** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2030**
2031** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2032** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2033**
2034** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2035** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2036** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2037** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2038** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2039** is invoked.
2040**
2041** <dl>
2042** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2043** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2044** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2045** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2046** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2047** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2048** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2049** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2050** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2051** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2052** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2053** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2054** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2055** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2056** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2057** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2058** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2059** when the "current value" returned by
2060** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2061** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2062** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2063** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2064**
2065** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2066** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2067** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2068** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2069** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2070** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2071** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2072** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2073** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2074** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2075**
2076** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2077** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2078** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2079** There should be two additional arguments.
2080** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2081** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2082** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2083** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2084** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2085** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2086**
2087** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2088** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2089** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2090** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2091** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2092** There should be two additional arguments.
2093** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2094** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2095** unchanged.
2096** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2097** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2098** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2099** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2100**
2101** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2102** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2103** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2104** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2105** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2106** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2107** There should be two additional arguments.
2108** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2109** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2110** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2111** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2112** C-API or the SQL function.
2113** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2114** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2115** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2116** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2117** </dd>
2118**
2119** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2120** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2121** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2122** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2123** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2124** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2125** until after the database connection closes.
2126** </dd>
2127**
2128** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2129** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2130** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2131** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2132** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2133** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2134** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2135** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2136** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2137** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2138** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2139** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2140** </dd>
2141**
2142** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2143** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2144** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2145** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2146** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2147** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2148** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2149** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2150** was used during testing in the lab.
2151** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2152** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2153** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2154** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2155** following this call.
2156** </dd>
2157**
2158** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2159** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2160** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2161** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2162** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2163** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2164** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2165** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2166** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2167** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2168** </dd>
2169**
2170** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2171** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2172** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2173** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2174** a badly corrupted database file:
2175** <ol>
2176** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2177**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2178**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2179**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2180**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2181**      the reset.
2182** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2183** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2184** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2185** </ol>
2186** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2187** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2188** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2189**
2190** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2191** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2192** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2193** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2194** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2195** features include but are not limited to the following:
2196** <ul>
2197** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2198** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2199** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2200** </ul>
2201** </dd>
2202** </dl>
2203*/
2204#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2205#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2206#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2207#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2208#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2209#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2210#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2211#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2212#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2213#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2214#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2215#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1010 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2216
2217/*
2218** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2219** METHOD: sqlite3
2220**
2221** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2222** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2223** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2224*/
2225int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2226
2227/*
2228** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2229** METHOD: sqlite3
2230**
2231** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2232** has a unique 64-bit signed
2233** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2234** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2235** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2236** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2237** is another alias for the rowid.
2238**
2239** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2240** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2241** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2242** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2243** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2244** zero.
2245**
2246** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2247** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2248** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2249**
2250** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2251** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2252** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2253** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2254** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2255** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2256** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2257** control to the user.
2258**
2259** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2260** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2261** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2262** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2263**
2264** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2265** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2266** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2267** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2268** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2269** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2270** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2271** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2272** the return value of this interface.)^
2273**
2274** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2275** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2276**
2277** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2278** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2279**
2280** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2281** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2282** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2283** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2284** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2285** last insert [rowid].
2286*/
2287sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2288
2289/*
2290** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2291** METHOD: sqlite3
2292**
2293** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2294** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2295** without inserting a row into the database.
2296*/
2297void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2298
2299/*
2300** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2301** METHOD: sqlite3
2302**
2303** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2304** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2305** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2306** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2307** returned by this function.
2308**
2309** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2310** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2311** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2312**
2313** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2314** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2315** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2316** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2317** tables are counted.
2318**
2319** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2320** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2321** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2322** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2323**
2324** <ul>
2325**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2326**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2327**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2328**
2329**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2330**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2331**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2332**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2333**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2334** </ul>
2335**
2336** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2337** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2338** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2339** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2340** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2341** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2342**
2343** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2344** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2345** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2346**
2347** See also:
2348** <ul>
2349** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2350** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2351** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2352** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2353** </ul>
2354*/
2355int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2356
2357/*
2358** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2359** METHOD: sqlite3
2360**
2361** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2362** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2363** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2364** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2365** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2366**
2367** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2368** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2369** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2370** are not counted.
2371**
2372** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2373** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2374** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2375** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2376** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2377** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2378**
2379** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2380** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2381** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2382**
2383** See also:
2384** <ul>
2385** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2386** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2387** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2388** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2389** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2390** </ul>
2391*/
2392int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2393
2394/*
2395** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2396** METHOD: sqlite3
2397**
2398** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2399** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2400** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2401** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2402** immediately.
2403**
2404** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2405** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2406** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2407** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2408**
2409** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2410** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2411** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2412**
2413** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2414** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2415** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2416** will be rolled back automatically.
2417**
2418** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2419** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2420** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2421** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2422** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2423** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2424** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2425** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2426** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2427** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2428*/
2429void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2430
2431/*
2432** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2433**
2434** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2435** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2436** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2437** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2438** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2439** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2440** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2441** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2442** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2443** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2444** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2445**
2446** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2447** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2448**
2449** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2450** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2451**
2452** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2453** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2454** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2455** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2456** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2457**
2458** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2459** UTF-8 string.
2460**
2461** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2462** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2463*/
2464int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2465int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2466
2467/*
2468** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2469** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2470** METHOD: sqlite3
2471**
2472** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2473** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2474** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2475** [database connection] D when another thread
2476** or process has the table locked.
2477** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2478** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2479**
2480** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2481** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2482** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2483**
2484** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2485** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2486** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2487** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2488** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2489** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2490** to the application.
2491** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2492** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2493**
2494** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2495** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2496** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2497** to the application instead of invoking the
2498** busy handler.
2499** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2500** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2501** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2502** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2503** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2504** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2505** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2506** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2507** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2508** the second process to proceed.
2509**
2510** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2511**
2512** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2513** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2514** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2515** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2516** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2517**
2518** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2519** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2520** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2521** result in undefined behavior.
2522**
2523** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2524** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2525*/
2526int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2527
2528/*
2529** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2530** METHOD: sqlite3
2531**
2532** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2533** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2534** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2535** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2536** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2537** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2538**
2539** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2540** turns off all busy handlers.
2541**
2542** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2543** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2544** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2545** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2546**
2547** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2548*/
2549int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2550
2551/*
2552** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2553** METHOD: sqlite3
2554**
2555** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2556** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2557**
2558** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2559** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2560** complete query results from one or more queries.
2561**
2562** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2563** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2564** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2565** and M be the number of columns.
2566**
2567** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2568** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2569** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2570** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2571** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2572** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2573**
2574** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2575** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2576** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2577**
2578** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2579** is as follows:
2580**
2581** <blockquote><pre>
2582**        Name        | Age
2583**        -----------------------
2584**        Alice       | 43
2585**        Bob         | 28
2586**        Cindy       | 21
2587** </pre></blockquote>
2588**
2589** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2590** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2591** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2592**
2593** <blockquote><pre>
2594**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2595**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2596**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2597**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2598**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2599**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2600**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2601**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2602** </pre></blockquote>)^
2603**
2604** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2605** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2606** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2607** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2608**
2609** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2610** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2611** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2612** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2613** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2614** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2615**
2616** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2617** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2618** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2619** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2620** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2621** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2622** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2623*/
2624int sqlite3_get_table(
2625  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2626  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2627  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2628  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2629  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2630  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2631);
2632void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2633
2634/*
2635** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2636**
2637** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2638** from the standard C library.
2639** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2640** the standard library printf()
2641** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2642** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2643**
2644** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2645** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2646** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2647** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2648** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2649** memory to hold the resulting string.
2650**
2651** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2652** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2653** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2654** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2655** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2656** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2657** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2658** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2659** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2660** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2661** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2662** now without breaking compatibility.
2663**
2664** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2665** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2666** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2667** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2668** written will be n-1 characters.
2669**
2670** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2671**
2672** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2673*/
2674char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2675char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2676char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2677char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2678
2679/*
2680** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2681**
2682** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2683** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2684** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2685** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2686**
2687** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2688** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2689** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2690** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2691** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2692** a NULL pointer.
2693**
2694** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2695** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2696** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2697**
2698** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2699** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2700** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2701** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2702** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2703** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2704** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2705** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2706** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2707** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2708**
2709** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2710** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2711** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2712** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2713** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2714** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2715** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2716** sqlite3_free(X).
2717** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2718** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2719** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2720** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2721** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2722** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2723** prior allocation is not freed.
2724**
2725** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2726** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2727** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2728**
2729** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2730** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2731** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2732** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2733** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2734** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2735** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2736** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2737** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2738**
2739** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2740** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2741** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2742** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2743** option is used.
2744**
2745** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2746** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2747** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2748** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2749**
2750** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2751** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2752** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2753** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2754** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2755** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2756** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2757**
2758** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2759** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2760** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2761** not yet been released.
2762**
2763** The application must not read or write any part of
2764** a block of memory after it has been released using
2765** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2766*/
2767void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2768void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2769void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2770void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2771void sqlite3_free(void*);
2772sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2773
2774/*
2775** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2776**
2777** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2778** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2779** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2780**
2781** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2782** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2783** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2784** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2785** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2786** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2787** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2788** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2789** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2790**
2791** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2792** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2793** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2794** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2795** prior to the reset.
2796*/
2797sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2798sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2799
2800/*
2801** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2802**
2803** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2804** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2805** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2806** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2807** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2808**
2809** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2810** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2811**
2812** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2813** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2814** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2815** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2816** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2817** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2818** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2819** method.
2820*/
2821void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2822
2823/*
2824** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2825** METHOD: sqlite3
2826** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2827**
2828** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2829** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2830** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2831** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2832** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2833** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2834** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2835** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2836** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2837** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2838** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2839** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2840** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2841** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2842** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2843** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2844**
2845** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2846** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2847** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2848** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2849** access is denied.
2850**
2851** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2852** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2853** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2854** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2855** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2856** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2857** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2858** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2859**
2860** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2861** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2862** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2863** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2864** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2865** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2866** columns of a table.
2867** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2868** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2869** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2870** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2871** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2872** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2873** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2874**
2875** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2876** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2877** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2878** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2879** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2880** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2881** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2882** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2883** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2884** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2885**
2886** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2887** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2888** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2889** in addition to using an authorizer.
2890**
2891** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2892** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2893** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2894** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2895**
2896** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2897** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2898** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2899** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2900**
2901** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2902** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2903** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2904** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2905**
2906** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2907** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2908** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2909** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2910** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2911*/
2912int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2913  sqlite3*,
2914  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2915  void *pUserData
2916);
2917
2918/*
2919** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2920**
2921** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2922** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2923** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2924** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2925** information.
2926**
2927** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2928** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2929*/
2930#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2931#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2932
2933/*
2934** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2935**
2936** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2937** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2938** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2939** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2940** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2941**
2942** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2943** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2944** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2945** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2946** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2947** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2948** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2949** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2950** top-level SQL code.
2951*/
2952/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2953#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2954#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2955#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2956#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2957#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2958#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2959#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2960#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2961#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2962#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2963#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2964#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2965#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2966#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2967#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2968#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2969#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2970#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2971#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2972#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2973#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2974#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2975#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2976#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2977#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2978#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2979#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2980#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2981#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2982#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2983#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2984#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2985#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2986#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2987
2988/*
2989** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2990** METHOD: sqlite3
2991**
2992** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2993** instead of the routines described here.
2994**
2995** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2996** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2997**
2998** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2999** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3000** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3001** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3002** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3003** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3004** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3005**
3006** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3007** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3008**
3009** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3010** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3011** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3012** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3013** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3014** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3015** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3016** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3017** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3018** profile callback.
3019*/
3020SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3021   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3022SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3023   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3024
3025/*
3026** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3027** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3028**
3029** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3030** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3031** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3032** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3033** is one of the following constants.
3034**
3035** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3036**
3037** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3038** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3039** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3040** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3041** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3042**
3043** <dl>
3044** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3045** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3046** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3047** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3048** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3049** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3050** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3051** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3052** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3053** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3054** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3055**
3056** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3057** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3058** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3059** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3060** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3061** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3062** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3063**
3064** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3065** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3066** statement generates a single row of result.
3067** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3068** X argument is unused.
3069**
3070** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3071** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3072** connection closes.
3073** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3074** and the X argument is unused.
3075** </dl>
3076*/
3077#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3078#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3079#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3080#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3081
3082/*
3083** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3084** METHOD: sqlite3
3085**
3086** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3087** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3088** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3089** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3090** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3091** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3092**
3093** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3094** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3095**
3096** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3097** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3098** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3099** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3100**
3101** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3102** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3103** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3104** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3105** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3106**
3107** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3108** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3109** are deprecated.
3110*/
3111int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3112  sqlite3*,
3113  unsigned uMask,
3114  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3115  void *pCtx
3116);
3117
3118/*
3119** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3120** METHOD: sqlite3
3121**
3122** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3123** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3124** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3125** database connection D.  An example use for this
3126** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3127**
3128** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3129** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3130** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3131** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3132** handler is disabled.
3133**
3134** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3135** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3136** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3137** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3138** than 1.
3139**
3140** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3141** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3142** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3143**
3144** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3145** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3146** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3147** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3148**
3149*/
3150void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3151
3152/*
3153** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3154** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3155**
3156** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3157** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3158** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3159** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3160** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3161** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3162** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3163** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3164** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3165** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3166** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3167** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3168**
3169** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3170** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3171** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3172**
3173** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3174** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3175** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3176**
3177** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3178** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3179** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3180** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3181** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3182** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3183** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3184**
3185** <dl>
3186** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3187** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3188** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3189**
3190** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3191** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3192** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3193** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3194**
3195** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3196** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3197** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3198** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3199** </dl>
3200**
3201** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3202** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3203** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3204** then the behavior is undefined.
3205**
3206** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3207** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3208** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3209** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3210** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3211** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3212** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3213** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3214** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3215** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3216** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3217**
3218** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3219** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3220** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3221** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3222**
3223** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3224** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3225** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3226** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3227** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3228** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3229** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3230**
3231** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3232** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3233** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3234**
3235** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3236**
3237** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3238** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3239** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3240** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3241** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3242** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3243** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3244** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3245** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3246** information.
3247**
3248** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3249** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3250** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3251** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3252** present, is ignored.
3253**
3254** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3255** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3256** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3257** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3258** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3259** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3260** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3261**
3262** [[core URI query parameters]]
3263** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3264** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3265** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3266** following query parameters:
3267**
3268** <ul>
3269**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3270**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3271**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3272**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3273**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3274**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3275**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3276**
3277**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3278**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3279**     an error)^.
3280**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3281**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3282**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3283**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3284**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3285**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3286**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3287**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3288**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3289**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3290**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3291**
3292**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3293**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3294**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3295**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3296**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3297**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3298**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3299**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3300**
3301**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3302**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3303**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3304**
3305**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3306**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3307**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3308**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3309**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3310**     processes uses nolock=1.
3311**
3312**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3313**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3314**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3315**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3316**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3317**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3318**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3319**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3320**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3321**
3322** </ul>
3323**
3324** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3325** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3326** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3327** additional information.
3328**
3329** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3330**
3331** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3332** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3333** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3334**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3335** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3336**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3337**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3338**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3339** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3340**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3341** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3342**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3343**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3344**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3345**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3346**          in URI filenames.
3347** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3348**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3349**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3350**          default, use a private cache.
3351** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3352**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3353**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3354** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3355**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3356** </table>
3357**
3358** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3359** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3360** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3361** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3362** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3363** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3364** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3365** the results are undefined.
3366**
3367** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3368** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3369** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3370** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3371** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3372**
3373** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3374** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3375** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3376**
3377** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3378*/
3379int sqlite3_open(
3380  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3381  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3382);
3383int sqlite3_open16(
3384  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3385  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3386);
3387int sqlite3_open_v2(
3388  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3389  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3390  int flags,              /* Flags */
3391  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3392);
3393
3394/*
3395** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3396**
3397** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3398** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3399** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3400**
3401** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3402** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3403** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3404** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3405** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3406** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3407** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3408** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3409** a pointer to an empty string.
3410**
3411** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3412** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3413** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3414** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3415** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3416** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3417** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3418** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3419** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3420** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3421**
3422** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3423** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3424** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3425** zero is returned.
3426**
3427** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3428** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3429** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3430** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3431** undesirable.
3432**
3433** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3434*/
3435const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3436int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3437sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3438
3439
3440/*
3441** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3442** METHOD: sqlite3
3443**
3444** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3445** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3446** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3447** API call.
3448** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3449** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3450** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3451** disabled.
3452**
3453** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3454** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3455** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3456** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3457** interfaces are:
3458**
3459** <ul>
3460** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3461** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3462** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3463** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3464** </ul>
3465**
3466** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3467** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3468** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3469** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3470** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3471** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3472**
3473** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3474** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3475** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3476** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3477**
3478** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3479** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3480** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3481** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3482** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3483** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3484** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3485** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3486** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3487**
3488** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3489** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3490** error code and message may or may not be set.
3491*/
3492int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3493int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3494const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3495const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3496const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3497
3498/*
3499** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3500** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3501**
3502** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3503** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3504**
3505** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3506** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3507** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3508** prepared statement before it can be run.
3509**
3510** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3511**
3512** <ol>
3513** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3514** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3515**      interfaces.
3516** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3517** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3518**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3519** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3520** </ol>
3521*/
3522typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3523
3524/*
3525** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3526** METHOD: sqlite3
3527**
3528** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3529** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3530** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3531** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3532** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3533** new limit for that construct.)^
3534**
3535** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3536** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3537** [limits | hard upper bound]
3538** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3539** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3540** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3541** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3542** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3543**
3544** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3545** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3546** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3547** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3548**
3549** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3550** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3551** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3552** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3553** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3554** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3555** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3556** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3557** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3558** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3559** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3560** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3561**
3562** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3563*/
3564int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3565
3566/*
3567** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3568** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3569**
3570** These constants define various performance limits
3571** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3572** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3573** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3574**
3575** <dl>
3576** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3577** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3578**
3579** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3580** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3581**
3582** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3583** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3584** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3585** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3586**
3587** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3588** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3589**
3590** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3591** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3592**
3593** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3594** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3595** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3596** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3597** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3598**
3599** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3600** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3601**
3602** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3603** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3604**
3605** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3606** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3607** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3608** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3609**
3610** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3611** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3612** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3613**
3614** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3615** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3616**
3617** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3618** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3619** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3620** </dl>
3621*/
3622#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3623#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3624#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3625#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3626#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3627#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3628#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3629#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3630#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3631#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3632#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3633#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3634
3635/*
3636** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3637**
3638** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3639** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3640** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3641**
3642** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3643**
3644** <dl>
3645** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3646** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3647** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3648** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3649** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3650** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3651** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3652** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3653** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3654** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3655**
3656** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3657** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
3658** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
3659** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
3660** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
3661** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
3662** flag.
3663**
3664** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
3665** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
3666** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
3667** any virtual tables.
3668** </dl>
3669*/
3670#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3671#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3672#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
3673
3674/*
3675** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3676** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3677** METHOD: sqlite3
3678** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3679**
3680** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3681** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3682** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3683**
3684** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3685** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3686** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3687** for special purposes.
3688**
3689** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3690** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3691** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3692** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3693**
3694** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3695** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3696** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3697**
3698** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3699** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3700** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3701** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3702** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3703**
3704** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3705** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3706** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3707** statement is generated.
3708** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3709** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3710** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3711** the nul-terminator.
3712**
3713** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3714** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3715** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3716** what remains uncompiled.
3717**
3718** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3719** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3720** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3721** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3722** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3723** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3724** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3725**
3726** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3727** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3728**
3729** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3730** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3731** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3732** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3733** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3734** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3735** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3736** behave differently in three ways:
3737**
3738** <ol>
3739** <li>
3740** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3741** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3742** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3743** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3744** </li>
3745**
3746** <li>
3747** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3748** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3749** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3750** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3751** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3752** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3753** </li>
3754**
3755** <li>
3756** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3757** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3758** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3759** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3760** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3761** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3762** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3763** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3764** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3765** </li>
3766** </ol>
3767**
3768** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3769** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3770** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3771** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3772** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3773*/
3774int sqlite3_prepare(
3775  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3776  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3777  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3778  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3779  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3780);
3781int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3782  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3783  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3784  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3785  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3786  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3787);
3788int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3789  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3790  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3791  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3792  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3793  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3794  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3795);
3796int sqlite3_prepare16(
3797  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3798  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3799  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3800  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3801  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3802);
3803int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3804  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3805  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3806  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3807  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3808  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3809);
3810int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3811  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3812  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3813  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3814  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3815  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3816  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3817);
3818
3819/*
3820** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3821** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3822**
3823** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3824** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3825** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3826** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3827** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3828** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3829** [bound parameters] expanded.
3830** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3831** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
3832** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
3833** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
3834** placeholders.
3835**
3836** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3837** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3838** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3839** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3840** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3841**
3842** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3843** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3844** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3845**
3846** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3847** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3848** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3849**
3850** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
3851** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
3852** statement is finalized.
3853** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3854** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3855** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3856*/
3857const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3858char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3859const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3860
3861/*
3862** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3863** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3864**
3865** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3866** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3867** the content of the database file.
3868**
3869** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3870** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3871** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3872** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3873** change the database file through side-effects:
3874**
3875** <blockquote><pre>
3876**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3877** </pre></blockquote>
3878**
3879** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3880** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3881**
3882** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3883** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3884** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3885** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3886** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3887** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3888** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3889** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3890** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3891** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3892** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3893** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3894*/
3895int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3896
3897/*
3898** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
3899** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3900**
3901** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
3902** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
3903** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
3904** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
3905** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
3906*/
3907int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3908
3909/*
3910** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3911** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3912**
3913** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3914** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3915** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3916** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3917** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3918** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3919** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3920** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3921**
3922** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3923** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3924** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3925** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3926** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3927*/
3928int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3929
3930/*
3931** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3932** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3933**
3934** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3935** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3936** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3937** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3938**
3939** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3940** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3941** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3942** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3943** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3944** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3945** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3946**
3947** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3948** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3949** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3950** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3951** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3952** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3953** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3954** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3955** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3956** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3957** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3958** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3959**
3960** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3961** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3962** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3963** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3964** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3965** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3966** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3967** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3968** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3969*/
3970typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3971
3972/*
3973** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3974**
3975** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3976** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3977** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3978** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3979** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3980** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3981** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3982** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3983*/
3984typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3985
3986/*
3987** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3988** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3989** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3990** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3991**
3992** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3993** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3994** templates:
3995**
3996** <ul>
3997** <li>  ?
3998** <li>  ?NNN
3999** <li>  :VVV
4000** <li>  @VVV
4001** <li>  $VVV
4002** </ul>
4003**
4004** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4005** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4006** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4007** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4008**
4009** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4010** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4011** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4012**
4013** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4014** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4015** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4016** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4017** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4018** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4019** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4020** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4021** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
4022**
4023** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4024** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4025** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4026** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4027**
4028** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4029** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4030** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4031** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4032** is negative, then the length of the string is
4033** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4034** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4035** the behavior is undefined.
4036** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4037** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4038** that parameter must be the byte offset
4039** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4040** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
4041** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4042** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4043** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4044**
4045** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
4046** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
4047** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
4048** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
4049** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
4050** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4051** ^If the fifth argument is
4052** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
4053** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
4054** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
4055** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
4056** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
4057**
4058** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4059** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4060** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4061** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4062** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4063** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4064** is undefined.
4065**
4066** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4067** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4068** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4069** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4070** content is later written using
4071** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4072** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4073**
4074** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4075** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4076** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4077** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4078** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4079** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4080** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4081** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4082**
4083** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4084** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4085** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4086** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4087** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4088** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4089**
4090** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4091** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4092**
4093** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4094** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4095** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4096** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4097** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4098** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4099** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4100**
4101** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4102** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4103*/
4104int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4105int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4106                        void(*)(void*));
4107int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4108int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4109int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4110int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4111int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4112int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4113int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4114                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4115int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4116int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4117int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4118int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4119
4120/*
4121** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4122** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4123**
4124** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4125** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4126** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4127** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4128** to the parameters at a later time.
4129**
4130** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4131** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4132** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4133** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4134**
4135** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4136** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4137** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4138*/
4139int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4140
4141/*
4142** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4143** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4144**
4145** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4146** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4147** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4148** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4149** respectively.
4150** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4151** is included as part of the name.)^
4152** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4153** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4154**
4155** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4156**
4157** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4158** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4159** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4160** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4161** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4162**
4163** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4164** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4165** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4166*/
4167const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4168
4169/*
4170** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4171** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4172**
4173** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4174** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4175** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4176** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4177** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4178** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4179** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4180**
4181** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4182** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4183** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4184*/
4185int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4186
4187/*
4188** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4189** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4190**
4191** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4192** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4193** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4194*/
4195int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4196
4197/*
4198** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4199** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4200**
4201** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4202** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4203** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4204** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4205** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4206** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4207** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4208**
4209** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4210*/
4211int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4212
4213/*
4214** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4215** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4216**
4217** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4218** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4219** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4220** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4221** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4222** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4223** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4224**
4225** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4226** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4227** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4228** or until the next call to
4229** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4230**
4231** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4232** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4233** NULL pointer is returned.
4234**
4235** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4236** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4237** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4238** one release of SQLite to the next.
4239*/
4240const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4241const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4242
4243/*
4244** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4245** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4246**
4247** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4248** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4249** [SELECT] statement.
4250** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4251** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4252** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4253** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4254** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4255** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4256** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4257** or until the same information is requested
4258** again in a different encoding.
4259**
4260** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4261** database, table, and column.
4262**
4263** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4264** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4265** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4266** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4267**
4268** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4269** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4270** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4271** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4272** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4273**
4274** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4275** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4276**
4277** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4278** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4279**
4280** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4281** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4282** undefined.
4283**
4284** If two or more threads call one or more
4285** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4286** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4287** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4288*/
4289const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4290const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4291const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4292const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4293const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4294const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4295
4296/*
4297** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4298** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4299**
4300** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4301** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4302** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4303** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4304** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4305** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4306** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4307**
4308** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4309**
4310** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4311**
4312** and the following statement to be compiled:
4313**
4314** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4315**
4316** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4317** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4318**
4319** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4320** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4321** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4322** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4323** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4324** used to hold those values.
4325*/
4326const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4327const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4328
4329/*
4330** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4331** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4332**
4333** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4334** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4335** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4336** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4337** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4338**
4339** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4340** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4341** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4342** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4343** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4344** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4345** interface will continue to be supported.
4346**
4347** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4348** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4349** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4350** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4351**
4352** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4353** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4354** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4355** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4356** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4357** continuing.
4358**
4359** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4360** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4361** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4362** machine back to its initial state.
4363**
4364** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4365** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4366** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4367** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4368**
4369** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4370** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4371** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4372** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4373** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4374** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4375** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4376** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4377**
4378** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4379** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4380** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4381** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4382** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4383** more threads at the same moment in time.
4384**
4385** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4386** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4387** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4388** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4389** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4390** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4391** sqlite3_step() began
4392** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4393** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4394** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4395** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4396** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4397**
4398** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4399** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4400** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4401** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4402** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4403** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4404** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4405** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4406** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4407** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4408** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4409** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4410*/
4411int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4412
4413/*
4414** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4415** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4416**
4417** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4418** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4419** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4420** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4421** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4422** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4423** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4424** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4425** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4426** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4427** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4428** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4429**
4430** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4431*/
4432int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4433
4434/*
4435** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4436** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4437**
4438** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4439**
4440** <ul>
4441** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4442** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4443** <li> string
4444** <li> BLOB
4445** <li> NULL
4446** </ul>)^
4447**
4448** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4449**
4450** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4451** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4452** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4453** SQLITE_TEXT.
4454*/
4455#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4456#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4457#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4458#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4459#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4460# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4461#else
4462# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4463#endif
4464#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4465
4466/*
4467** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4468** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4469** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4470**
4471** <b>Summary:</b>
4472** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4473** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4474** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4475** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4476** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4477** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4478** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4479** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4480** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4481** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4482** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4483** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4484** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4485** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4486** TEXT in bytes
4487** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4488** datatype of the result
4489** </table></blockquote>
4490**
4491** <b>Details:</b>
4492**
4493** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4494** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4495** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4496** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4497** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4498** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4499** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4500** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4501**
4502** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4503** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4504** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4505** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4506** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4507** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4508** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4509** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4510** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4511** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4512** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4513**
4514** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4515** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4516** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4517** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4518** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4519**
4520** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4521** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4522** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4523** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4524** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4525** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4526** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4527** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4528** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4529** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4530** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4531** following a type conversion.
4532**
4533** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4534** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4535** of that BLOB or string.
4536**
4537** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4538** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4539** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4540** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4541** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4542** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4543** the number of bytes in that string.
4544** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4545**
4546** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4547** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4548** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4549** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4550** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4551** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4552** the number of bytes in that string.
4553** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4554**
4555** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4556** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4557** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4558** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4559** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4560**
4561** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4562** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4563** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4564**
4565** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4566** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4567** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4568** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4569** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4570** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4571** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4572** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4573** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4574** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4575** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4576** top-level application code.
4577**
4578** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4579** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4580** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4581** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4582** that are applied:
4583**
4584** <blockquote>
4585** <table border="1">
4586** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4587**
4588** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4589** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4590** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4591** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4592** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4593** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4594** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4595** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4596** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4597** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4598** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4599** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4600** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4601** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4602** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4603** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4604** </table>
4605** </blockquote>)^
4606**
4607** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4608** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4609** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4610** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4611** in the following cases:
4612**
4613** <ul>
4614** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4615**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4616**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4617** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4618**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4619**      to UTF-16.</li>
4620** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4621**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4622**      to UTF-8.</li>
4623** </ul>
4624**
4625** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4626** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4627** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4628** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4629** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4630**
4631** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4632** in one of the following ways:
4633**
4634** <ul>
4635**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4636**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4637**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4638** </ul>
4639**
4640** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4641** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4642** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4643** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4644** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4645** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4646** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4647**
4648** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4649** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4650** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4651** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4652** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4653** [sqlite3_free()].
4654**
4655** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4656** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4657** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4658** errors:
4659**
4660** <ul>
4661** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4662** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4663** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4664** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4665** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4666** </ul>
4667**
4668** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4669** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4670** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4671** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4672** return value is obtained and before any
4673** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4674*/
4675const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4676double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4677int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4678sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4679const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4680const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4681sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4682int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4683int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4684int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4685
4686/*
4687** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4688** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4689**
4690** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4691** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4692** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4693** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4694** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4695** [extended error code].
4696**
4697** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4698** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4699** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4700** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4701** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4702** completed execution.
4703**
4704** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4705**
4706** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4707** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4708** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4709** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4710** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4711*/
4712int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4713
4714/*
4715** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4716** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4717**
4718** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4719** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4720** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4721** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4722** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4723**
4724** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4725** back to the beginning of its program.
4726**
4727** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4728** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4729** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4730** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4731**
4732** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4733** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4734** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4735**
4736** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4737** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4738*/
4739int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4740
4741/*
4742** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4743** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4744** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4745** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4746** METHOD: sqlite3
4747**
4748** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4749** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4750** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
4751** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
4752** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
4753** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4754** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
4755** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
4756** needed by [aggregate window functions].
4757**
4758** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4759** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4760** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4761** to each database connection separately.
4762**
4763** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4764** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4765** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4766** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4767** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4768** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4769**
4770** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4771** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4772** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4773** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4774** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4775** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4776** undefined.
4777**
4778** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4779** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4780** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4781** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4782** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4783** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4784** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4785** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4786** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4787** each encoding.
4788** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4789** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4790**
4791** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4792** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4793** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4794** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4795** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4796** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4797** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4798**
4799** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4800** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4801**
4802** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
4803** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4804** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4805** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4806** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4807** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4808** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4809** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4810** callbacks.
4811**
4812** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
4813** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
4814** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
4815** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
4816** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
4817** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
4818** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
4819** of aggregate window functions are
4820** [user-defined window functions|available here].
4821**
4822** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
4823** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
4824** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
4825** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
4826** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4827** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
4828** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
4829** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4830**
4831** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4832** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4833** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4834** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4835** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4836** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4837** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4838** matches the database encoding is a better
4839** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4840** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4841** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4842** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4843**
4844** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4845**
4846** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4847** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4848** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4849** statement in which the function is running.
4850*/
4851int sqlite3_create_function(
4852  sqlite3 *db,
4853  const char *zFunctionName,
4854  int nArg,
4855  int eTextRep,
4856  void *pApp,
4857  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4858  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4859  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4860);
4861int sqlite3_create_function16(
4862  sqlite3 *db,
4863  const void *zFunctionName,
4864  int nArg,
4865  int eTextRep,
4866  void *pApp,
4867  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4868  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4869  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4870);
4871int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4872  sqlite3 *db,
4873  const char *zFunctionName,
4874  int nArg,
4875  int eTextRep,
4876  void *pApp,
4877  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4878  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4879  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4880  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4881);
4882int sqlite3_create_window_function(
4883  sqlite3 *db,
4884  const char *zFunctionName,
4885  int nArg,
4886  int eTextRep,
4887  void *pApp,
4888  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4889  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4890  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
4891  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4892  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4893);
4894
4895/*
4896** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4897**
4898** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4899** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4900*/
4901#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4902#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4903#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4904#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4905#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4906#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4907
4908/*
4909** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4910**
4911** These constants may be ORed together with the
4912** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4913** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4914** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4915*/
4916#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4917
4918/*
4919** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4920** DEPRECATED
4921**
4922** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4923** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4924** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4925** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4926** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4927*/
4928#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4929SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4930SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4931SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4932SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4933SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4934SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4935                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4936#endif
4937
4938/*
4939** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4940** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4941**
4942** <b>Summary:</b>
4943** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4944** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4945** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4946** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4947** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4948** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4949** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4950** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4951** the native byteorder
4952** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4953** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4954** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4955** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4956** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4957** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4958** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4959** TEXT in bytes
4960** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4961** datatype of the value
4962** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4963** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4964** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4965** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4966** against a virtual table.
4967** </table></blockquote>
4968**
4969** <b>Details:</b>
4970**
4971** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4972** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4973** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4974** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4975**
4976** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4977** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4978** is not threadsafe.
4979**
4980** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4981** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4982** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4983**
4984** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4985** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4986** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4987** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4988**
4989** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4990** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4991** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4992** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4993** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4994** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4995**
4996** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4997** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4998** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4999** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5000** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5001** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5002** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5003** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5004** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5005** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5006**
5007** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5008** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5009** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5010** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5011** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5012** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5013** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5014**
5015** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5016** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5017** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5018** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5019** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5020** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5021** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5022** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5023** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5024** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5025** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5026** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5027**
5028** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5029** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5030** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5031** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5032** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5033**
5034** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5035** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5036**
5037** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5038** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5039** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5040** errors:
5041**
5042** <ul>
5043** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5044** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5045** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5046** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5047** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5048** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5049** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5050** </ul>
5051**
5052** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5053** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5054** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5055** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5056** return value is obtained and before any
5057** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5058*/
5059const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5060double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5061int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5062sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5063void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5064const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5065const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5066const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5067const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5068int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5069int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5070int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5071int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5072int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5073
5074/*
5075** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5076** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5077**
5078** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5079** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5080** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5081** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5082** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5083*/
5084unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5085
5086/*
5087** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5088** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5089**
5090** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5091** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5092** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5093** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5094** memory allocation fails.
5095**
5096** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5097** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5098** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5099*/
5100sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5101void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5102
5103/*
5104** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5105** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5106**
5107** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5108** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5109**
5110** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5111** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
5112** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5113** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5114** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5115** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5116** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5117** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5118** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5119** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5120** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5121** first time from within xFinal().)^
5122**
5123** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5124** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5125** allocate error occurs.
5126**
5127** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5128** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5129** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5130** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5131** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5132** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5133** pointless memory allocations occur.
5134**
5135** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5136** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5137**
5138** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5139** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5140** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5141** function.
5142**
5143** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5144** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5145*/
5146void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5147
5148/*
5149** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5150** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5151**
5152** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5153** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5154** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5155** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5156** registered the application defined function.
5157**
5158** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5159** the application-defined function is running.
5160*/
5161void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5162
5163/*
5164** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5165** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5166**
5167** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5168** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5169** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5170** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5171** registered the application defined function.
5172*/
5173sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5174
5175/*
5176** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5177** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5178**
5179** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5180** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5181** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5182** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5183** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5184** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5185** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5186** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5187** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5188** invocations of the same function.
5189**
5190** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5191** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5192** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5193** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5194** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5195** returns a NULL pointer.
5196**
5197** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5198** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5199** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5200** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5201** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5202** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5203** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5204** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5205** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5206** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5207** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5208**      SQL statement)^, or
5209** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5210**       parameter)^, or
5211** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5212**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5213**
5214** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5215** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5216** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5217** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5218** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5219** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5220**
5221** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5222** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5223** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5224**
5225** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5226** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5227** kinds of function caching behavior.
5228**
5229** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5230** the SQL function is running.
5231*/
5232void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5233void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5234
5235
5236/*
5237** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5238**
5239** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5240** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5241** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5242** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5243** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5244** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5245** the content before returning.
5246**
5247** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5248** C++ compilers.
5249*/
5250typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5251#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5252#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5253
5254/*
5255** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5256** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5257**
5258** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5259** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5260** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5261** for additional information.
5262**
5263** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5264** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5265** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5266**
5267** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5268** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5269** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5270** third parameter.
5271**
5272** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5273** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5274** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5275**
5276** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5277** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5278** by its 2nd argument.
5279**
5280** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5281** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5282** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5283** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5284** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5285** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5286** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5287** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5288** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5289** message all text up through the first zero character.
5290** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5291** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5292** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5293** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5294** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5295** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5296** modify the text after they return without harm.
5297** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5298** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5299** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5300** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5301**
5302** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5303** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5304**
5305** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5306** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5307**
5308** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5309** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5310** value given in the 2nd argument.
5311** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5312** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5313** value given in the 2nd argument.
5314**
5315** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5316** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5317**
5318** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5319** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5320** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5321** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5322** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5323** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5324** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5325** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5326** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5327** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5328** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5329** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5330** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5331** through the first zero character.
5332** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5333** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5334** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5335** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5336** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5337** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5338** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5339** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5340** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5341** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5342** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5343** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5344** finished using that result.
5345** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5346** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5347** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5348** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5349** when it has finished using that result.
5350** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5351** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5352** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5353** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5354**
5355** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5356** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5357** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5358** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5359** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5360** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5361** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5362** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5363** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5364**
5365** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5366** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5367** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5368** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5369** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5370** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5371** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5372** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5373** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5374** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5375**
5376** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5377** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5378** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5379*/
5380void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5381void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5382                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5383void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5384void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5385void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5386void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5387void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5388void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5389void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5390void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5391void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5392void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5393void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5394                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5395void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5396void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5397void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5398void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5399void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5400void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5401int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5402
5403
5404/*
5405** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5406** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5407**
5408** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5409** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5410** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5411** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5412** higher order bits are discarded.
5413** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5414** in future releases of SQLite.
5415*/
5416void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5417
5418/*
5419** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5420** METHOD: sqlite3
5421**
5422** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5423** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5424**
5425** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5426** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5427** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5428** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5429** considered to be the same name.
5430**
5431** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5432** <ul>
5433** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5434** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5435** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5436** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5437** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5438** </ul>)^
5439** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5440** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5441** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5442** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5443** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5444** on an even byte address.
5445**
5446** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5447** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5448**
5449** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5450** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5451** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5452** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5453** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5454** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5455** that collation is no longer usable.
5456**
5457** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5458** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5459** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5460** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5461** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5462** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5463** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5464** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5465** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5466** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5467** strings A, B, and C:
5468**
5469** <ol>
5470** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5471** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5472** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5473** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5474** </ol>
5475**
5476** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5477** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5478** is undefined.
5479**
5480** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5481** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5482** the collating function is deleted.
5483** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5484** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5485** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5486**
5487** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5488** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5489** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5490** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5491** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5492** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5493** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5494** compatibility.
5495**
5496** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5497*/
5498int sqlite3_create_collation(
5499  sqlite3*,
5500  const char *zName,
5501  int eTextRep,
5502  void *pArg,
5503  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5504);
5505int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5506  sqlite3*,
5507  const char *zName,
5508  int eTextRep,
5509  void *pArg,
5510  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5511  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5512);
5513int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5514  sqlite3*,
5515  const void *zName,
5516  int eTextRep,
5517  void *pArg,
5518  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5519);
5520
5521/*
5522** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5523** METHOD: sqlite3
5524**
5525** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5526** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5527** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5528** sequence is required.
5529**
5530** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5531** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5532** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5533** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5534** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5535**
5536** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5537** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5538** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5539** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5540** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5541** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5542** required collation sequence.)^
5543**
5544** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5545** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5546** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5547*/
5548int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5549  sqlite3*,
5550  void*,
5551  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5552);
5553int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5554  sqlite3*,
5555  void*,
5556  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5557);
5558
5559#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5560/*
5561** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5562** called right after sqlite3_open().
5563**
5564** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5565** of SQLite.
5566*/
5567int sqlite3_key(
5568  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5569  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5570);
5571int sqlite3_key_v2(
5572  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5573  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5574  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5575);
5576
5577/*
5578** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5579** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5580** database is decrypted.
5581**
5582** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5583** of SQLite.
5584*/
5585int sqlite3_rekey(
5586  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5587  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5588);
5589int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5590  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5591  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5592  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5593);
5594
5595/*
5596** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5597** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5598*/
5599void sqlite3_activate_see(
5600  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5601);
5602#endif
5603
5604#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5605/*
5606** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5607** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5608*/
5609void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5610  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5611);
5612#endif
5613
5614/*
5615** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5616**
5617** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5618** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5619**
5620** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5621** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5622** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5623** requested from the operating system is returned.
5624**
5625** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5626** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5627** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5628** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5629** in the previous paragraphs.
5630*/
5631int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5632
5633/*
5634** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5635**
5636** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5637** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5638** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5639** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5640** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5641** temporary file directory.
5642**
5643** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5644** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5645** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5646** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5647** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5648** be avoided in new projects.
5649**
5650** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5651** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5652** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5653** thread.
5654** It is intended that this variable be set once
5655** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5656** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5657** thereafter.
5658**
5659** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5660** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5661** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5662** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5663** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5664** using [sqlite3_free].
5665** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5666** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5667** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5668** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5669** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5670** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5671** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5672** objects have been destroyed.
5673**
5674** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5675** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5676** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5677** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5678**
5679** <blockquote><pre>
5680** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5681** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5682** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5683** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5684** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5685** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5686** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5687** </pre></blockquote>
5688*/
5689SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5690
5691/*
5692** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5693**
5694** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5695** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5696** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5697** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5698** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5699** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5700** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5701** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5702** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5703**
5704** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5705** open can result in a corrupt database.
5706**
5707** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5708** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5709** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5710** thread.
5711** It is intended that this variable be set once
5712** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5713** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5714** thereafter.
5715**
5716** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5717** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5718** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5719** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5720** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5721** using [sqlite3_free].
5722** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5723** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5724** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5725*/
5726SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5727
5728/*
5729** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5730**
5731** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5732** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5733** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5734** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5735** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5736** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5737** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5738** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5739** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5740** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5741** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5742** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
5743** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
5744** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
5745** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
5746*/
5747int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5748  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5749  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5750);
5751int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
5752int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
5753
5754/*
5755** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5756**
5757** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5758** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5759*/
5760#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5761#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5762
5763/*
5764** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5765** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5766** METHOD: sqlite3
5767**
5768** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5769** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5770** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5771** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5772** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5773**
5774** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5775** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5776** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5777** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5778** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5779** an error is to use this function.
5780**
5781** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5782** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5783** is undefined.
5784*/
5785int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5786
5787/*
5788** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5789** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5790**
5791** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5792** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5793** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5794** that was the first argument
5795** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5796** create the statement in the first place.
5797*/
5798sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5799
5800/*
5801** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5802** METHOD: sqlite3
5803**
5804** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5805** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5806** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5807** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5808** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
5809**
5810** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5811** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5812** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5813** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5814*/
5815const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5816
5817/*
5818** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5819** METHOD: sqlite3
5820**
5821** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5822** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5823** the name of a database on connection D.
5824*/
5825int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5826
5827/*
5828** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5829** METHOD: sqlite3
5830**
5831** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5832** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5833** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5834** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5835** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5836**
5837** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5838** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5839** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5840*/
5841sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5842
5843/*
5844** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5845** METHOD: sqlite3
5846**
5847** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5848** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5849** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5850** for the same database connection is overridden.
5851** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5852** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5853** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5854** for the same database connection is overridden.
5855** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5856** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5857** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5858**
5859** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5860** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5861** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5862** the first call for each function on D.
5863**
5864** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5865** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5866** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5867** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5868** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5869** or rollback hook in the first place.
5870** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5871** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5872** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5873**
5874** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5875**
5876** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5877** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5878** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5879** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5880** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5881**
5882** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5883** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5884** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5885** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5886** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5887**
5888** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5889*/
5890void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5891void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5892
5893/*
5894** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5895** METHOD: sqlite3
5896**
5897** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5898** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5899** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5900** a [rowid table].
5901** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5902** for the same database connection is overridden.
5903**
5904** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5905** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5906** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5907** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5908** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5909** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5910** to be invoked.
5911** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5912** database and table name containing the affected row.
5913** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5914** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5915**
5916** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5917** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5918** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5919**
5920** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5921** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5922** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5923** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5924** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5925** release of SQLite.
5926**
5927** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5928** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5929** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5930** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5931** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5932** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5933**
5934** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5935** returns the P argument from the previous call
5936** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5937** the first call on D.
5938**
5939** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5940** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5941*/
5942void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5943  sqlite3*,
5944  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5945  void*
5946);
5947
5948/*
5949** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5950**
5951** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5952** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5953** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5954** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5955**
5956** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5957** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5958** In prior versions of SQLite,
5959** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5960**
5961** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5962** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5963** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5964** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5965**
5966** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5967** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5968**
5969** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5970** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5971** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5972**
5973** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5974** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5975** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5976** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5977**
5978** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5979** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5980**
5981** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5982*/
5983int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5984
5985/*
5986** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5987**
5988** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5989** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5990** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5991** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5992** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5993** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5994** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5995** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5996**
5997** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5998*/
5999int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6000
6001/*
6002** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6003** METHOD: sqlite3
6004**
6005** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6006** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6007** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6008** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6009** omitted.
6010**
6011** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6012*/
6013int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6014
6015/*
6016** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6017**
6018** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6019** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6020** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6021** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6022** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6023** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6024** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6025** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6026** is advisory only.
6027**
6028** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
6029** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6030** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6031** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
6032** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
6033** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
6034**
6035** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
6036**
6037** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
6038** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6039**
6040** <ul>
6041** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
6042** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6043**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6044**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6045** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6046**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6047** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6048**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6049**      from the heap.
6050** </ul>)^
6051**
6052** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
6053** the soft heap limit is enforced
6054** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
6055** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
6056** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
6057** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
6058** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
6059** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
6060** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
6061** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6062**
6063** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
6064** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6065*/
6066sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6067
6068/*
6069** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6070** DEPRECATED
6071**
6072** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6073** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6074** only.  All new applications should use the
6075** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6076*/
6077SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6078
6079
6080/*
6081** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6082** METHOD: sqlite3
6083**
6084** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6085** information about column C of table T in database D
6086** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6087** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6088** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6089** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6090** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
6091** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6092** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6093** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6094** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6095** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6096** undefined behavior.
6097**
6098** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6099** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6100** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6101** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6102** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6103** resolve unqualified table references.
6104**
6105** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6106** name of the desired column, respectively.
6107**
6108** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6109** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6110** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6111**
6112** ^(<blockquote>
6113** <table border="1">
6114** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6115**
6116** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6117** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6118** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6119** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6120** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6121** </table>
6122** </blockquote>)^
6123**
6124** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6125** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6126** call to any SQLite API function.
6127**
6128** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6129**
6130** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6131** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6132** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6133** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6134** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6135** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6136**
6137** <pre>
6138**     data type: "INTEGER"
6139**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6140**     not null: 0
6141**     primary key: 1
6142**     auto increment: 0
6143** </pre>)^
6144**
6145** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6146** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6147** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6148*/
6149int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6150  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6151  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6152  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6153  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6154  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6155  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6156  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6157  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6158  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6159);
6160
6161/*
6162** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6163** METHOD: sqlite3
6164**
6165** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6166**
6167** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6168** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6169** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6170** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6171** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6172** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6173** be tried also.
6174**
6175** ^The entry point is zProc.
6176** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6177** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6178** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6179** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6180** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6181** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6182** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6183** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6184** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6185** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6186** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6187** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6188** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6189**
6190** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6191** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6192** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6193** prior to calling this API,
6194** otherwise an error will be returned.
6195**
6196** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6197** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6198** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6199** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6200** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6201** access to extension loading capabilities.
6202**
6203** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6204*/
6205int sqlite3_load_extension(
6206  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6207  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6208  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6209  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6210);
6211
6212/*
6213** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6214** METHOD: sqlite3
6215**
6216** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6217** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6218** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6219** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6220**
6221** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6222** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6223** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6224** it back off again.
6225**
6226** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6227** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6228** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6229** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6230**
6231** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6232** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6233** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6234** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6235** access to extension loading capabilities.
6236*/
6237int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6238
6239/*
6240** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6241**
6242** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6243** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6244** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6245** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6246**
6247** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6248** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6249** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6250** entry point where as follows:
6251**
6252** <blockquote><pre>
6253** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6254** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6255** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6256** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6257** &nbsp;  );
6258** </pre></blockquote>)^
6259**
6260** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6261** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6262** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6263** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6264** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6265** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6266** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6267**
6268** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6269** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6270** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6271**
6272** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6273** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6274*/
6275int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6276
6277/*
6278** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6279**
6280** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6281** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6282** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6283** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6284** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6285** routines.
6286*/
6287int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6288
6289/*
6290** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6291**
6292** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6293** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6294*/
6295void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6296
6297/*
6298** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6299** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6300** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6301**
6302** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6303** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6304*/
6305
6306/*
6307** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6308*/
6309typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6310typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6311typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6312typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6313
6314/*
6315** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6316** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6317**
6318** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6319** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6320** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6321**
6322** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6323** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6324** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6325** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6326** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6327** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6328** any database connection.
6329*/
6330struct sqlite3_module {
6331  int iVersion;
6332  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6333               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6334               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6335  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6336               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6337               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6338  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6339  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6340  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6341  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6342  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6343  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6344                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6345  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6346  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6347  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6348  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6349  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6350  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6351  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6352  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6353  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6354  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6355                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6356                       void **ppArg);
6357  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6358  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6359  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6360  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6361  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6362  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6363  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6364  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6365  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6366};
6367
6368/*
6369** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6370** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6371**
6372** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6373** of the [virtual table] interface to
6374** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6375** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6376** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6377** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6378**
6379** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6380**
6381** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6382**
6383** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6384** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6385** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6386** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6387** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6388** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6389** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6390**
6391** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6392** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6393** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6394** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6395** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6396**
6397** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6398** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6399**
6400** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6401** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6402** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6403** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6404** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6405** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6406** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6407** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6408** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6409** non-zero.
6410**
6411** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6412** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6413** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6414** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6415** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6416** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6417**
6418** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6419** [xFilter] method.
6420** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6421** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6422**
6423** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6424** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6425** sorting step is required.
6426**
6427** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6428** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6429** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6430** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6431** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6432**
6433** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6434** will be returned by the strategy.
6435**
6436** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6437** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6438** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6439** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6440**
6441** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6442** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6443** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6444** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6445** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6446** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6447** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6448** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6449** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6450**
6451** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6452** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6453** If a virtual table extension is
6454** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6455** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6456** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6457** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6458** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6459** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6460** It may therefore only be used if
6461** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6462** 3009000.
6463*/
6464struct sqlite3_index_info {
6465  /* Inputs */
6466  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6467  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6468     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6469     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6470     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6471     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6472  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6473  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6474  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6475     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6476     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6477  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6478  /* Outputs */
6479  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6480    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6481    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6482  } *aConstraintUsage;
6483  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6484  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6485  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6486  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6487  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6488  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6489  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6490  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6491  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6492  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6493  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6494};
6495
6496/*
6497** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6498**
6499** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6500** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6501** these bits.
6502*/
6503#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6504
6505/*
6506** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6507**
6508** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6509** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6510** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6511** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6512*/
6513#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6514#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6515#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6516#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6517#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6518#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6519#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6520#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6521#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6522#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6523#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6524#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6525#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6526#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6527#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
6528
6529/*
6530** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6531** METHOD: sqlite3
6532**
6533** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6534** ^Module names must be registered before
6535** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6536** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6537**
6538** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6539** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6540** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6541** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6542** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6543** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6544** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6545**
6546** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6547** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6548** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6549** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6550** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6551** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6552** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6553** destructor.
6554*/
6555int sqlite3_create_module(
6556  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6557  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6558  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6559  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6560);
6561int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6562  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6563  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6564  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6565  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6566  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6567);
6568
6569/*
6570** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6571** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6572**
6573** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6574** of this object to describe a particular instance
6575** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6576** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6577** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6578** common to all module implementations.
6579**
6580** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6581** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6582** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6583** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6584** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6585** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6586*/
6587struct sqlite3_vtab {
6588  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6589  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6590  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6591  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6592};
6593
6594/*
6595** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6596** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6597**
6598** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6599** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6600** [virtual table] and are used
6601** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6602** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6603** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6604** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6605** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6606** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6607**
6608** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6609** are common to all implementations.
6610*/
6611struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6612  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6613  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6614};
6615
6616/*
6617** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6618**
6619** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6620** [virtual table module] call this interface
6621** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6622** the virtual tables they implement.
6623*/
6624int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6625
6626/*
6627** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6628** METHOD: sqlite3
6629**
6630** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6631** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6632** But global versions of those functions
6633** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6634**
6635** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6636** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6637** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6638** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6639** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6640** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6641** by a [virtual table].
6642*/
6643int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6644
6645/*
6646** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6647** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6648** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6649** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6650**
6651** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6652** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6653*/
6654
6655/*
6656** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6657** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6658**
6659** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6660** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6661** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6662** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6663** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6664** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6665** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6666*/
6667typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6668
6669/*
6670** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6671** METHOD: sqlite3
6672** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6673**
6674** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6675** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6676** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6677**
6678** <pre>
6679**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6680** </pre>)^
6681**
6682** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6683** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6684** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6685** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6686** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6687**
6688** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6689** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6690** read-only access.
6691**
6692** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6693** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6694** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6695** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6696** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6697**
6698** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6699** <ul>
6700**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6701**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6702**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6703**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6704**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6705**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6706**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6707**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6708**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6709**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6710**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6711**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6712** </ul>
6713**
6714** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6715** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6716** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6717**
6718** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6719** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6720** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6721** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6722** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6723** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6724**
6725** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6726** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6727** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6728** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6729** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6730** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6731** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6732** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6733** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6734** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6735**
6736** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6737** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6738** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6739** blob.
6740**
6741** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6742** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6743** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6744**
6745** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6746** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6747**
6748** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6749** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6750** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6751*/
6752int sqlite3_blob_open(
6753  sqlite3*,
6754  const char *zDb,
6755  const char *zTable,
6756  const char *zColumn,
6757  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6758  int flags,
6759  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6760);
6761
6762/*
6763** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6764** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6765**
6766** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6767** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6768** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6769** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6770** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6771** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6772**
6773** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6774** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6775** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6776** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6777** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6778** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6779** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6780** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6781** always returns zero.
6782**
6783** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6784*/
6785int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6786
6787/*
6788** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6789** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6790**
6791** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6792** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6793** handle is still closed.)^
6794**
6795** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6796** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6797** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6798** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6799** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6800**
6801** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6802** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6803** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6804** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6805** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6806** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6807*/
6808int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6809
6810/*
6811** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6812** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6813**
6814** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6815** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6816** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6817** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6818**
6819** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6820** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6821** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6822** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6823*/
6824int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6825
6826/*
6827** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6828** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6829**
6830** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6831** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6832** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6833**
6834** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6835** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6836** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6837** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6838** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6839**
6840** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6841** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6842**
6843** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6844** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6845**
6846** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6847** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6848** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6849** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6850**
6851** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6852*/
6853int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6854
6855/*
6856** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6857** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6858**
6859** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6860** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6861** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6862**
6863** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6864** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6865** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6866** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6867** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6868**
6869** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6870** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6871** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6872**
6873** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6874** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6875** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6876** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6877** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6878** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6879** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6880**
6881** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6882** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6883** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6884** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6885** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6886** or by other independent statements.
6887**
6888** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6889** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6890** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6891** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6892**
6893** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6894*/
6895int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6896
6897/*
6898** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6899**
6900** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6901** that SQLite uses to interact
6902** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6903** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6904** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6905** The following interfaces are provided.
6906**
6907** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6908** ^Names are case sensitive.
6909** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6910** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6911** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6912**
6913** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6914** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6915** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6916** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6917** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6918** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6919** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6920** then the behavior is undefined.
6921**
6922** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6923** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6924** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6925*/
6926sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6927int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6928int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6929
6930/*
6931** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6932**
6933** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6934** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6935** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6936** permitted to use any of these routines.
6937**
6938** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6939** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6940** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6941** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6942**
6943** <ul>
6944** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6945** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6946** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6947** </ul>
6948**
6949** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6950** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6951** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6952** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6953** and Windows.
6954**
6955** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6956** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6957** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6958** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6959** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6960** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6961** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6962**
6963** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6964** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6965** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6966** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6967** integer constants:
6968**
6969** <ul>
6970** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6971** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6972** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6973** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6974** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6975** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6976** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6977** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6978** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6979** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6980** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6981** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6982** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6983** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6984** </ul>
6985**
6986** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6987** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6988** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6989** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6990** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6991** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6992** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6993** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6994** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6995** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6996**
6997** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6998** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6999** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7000** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7001** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7002** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7003** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7004** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7005**
7006** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7007** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7008** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7009** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7010** the same type number.
7011**
7012** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7013** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7014** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7015**
7016** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7017** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7018** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7019** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7020** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7021** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7022** In such cases, the
7023** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7024** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7025** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7026**
7027** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7028** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7029** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7030** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7031** behavior.)^
7032**
7033** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7034** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7035** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7036** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7037**
7038** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7039** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7040** behave as no-ops.
7041**
7042** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7043*/
7044sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7045void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7046void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7047int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7048void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7049
7050/*
7051** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7052**
7053** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7054** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7055**
7056** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7057** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7058** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7059** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7060** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7061** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7062** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7063** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7064** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7065**
7066** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7067** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7068** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7069** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7070**
7071** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7072** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7073** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7074** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7075** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7076** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7077**
7078** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7079** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7080** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7081**
7082** <ul>
7083**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7084**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7085**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7086**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7087**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7088**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7089**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7090** </ul>)^
7091**
7092** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7093** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7094** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7095** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
7096** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7097** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7098** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7099**
7100** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7101** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7102** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7103** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7104**
7105** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7106** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7107** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7108** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7109**
7110** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7111** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7112** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7113** prior to returning.
7114*/
7115typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7116struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7117  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7118  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7119  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7120  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7121  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7122  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7123  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7124  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7125  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7126};
7127
7128/*
7129** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7130**
7131** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7132** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7133** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7134** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7135** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7136** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7137** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7138** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7139**
7140** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7141** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7142**
7143** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7144** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7145** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7146** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7147**
7148** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7149** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7150** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7151** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7152** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7153** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7154** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7155** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7156*/
7157#ifndef NDEBUG
7158int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7159int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7160#endif
7161
7162/*
7163** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7164**
7165** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7166** which is one of these integer constants.
7167**
7168** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7169** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7170** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7171*/
7172#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7173#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7174#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7175#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7176#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7177#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7178#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7179#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7180#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7181#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7182#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7183#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7184#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7185#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7186#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7187#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7188
7189/*
7190** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7191** METHOD: sqlite3
7192**
7193** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7194** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7195** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7196** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7197** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7198*/
7199sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7200
7201/*
7202** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7203** METHOD: sqlite3
7204** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7205**
7206** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7207** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7208** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7209** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7210** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7211** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7212** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7213** main database file.
7214** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7215** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7216** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7217** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7218**
7219** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7220** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7221** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7222** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7223** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7224** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7225** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7226** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7227** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7228** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7229** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7230** from the pager.
7231**
7232** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7233** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7234** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7235** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7236** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7237** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7238** xFileControl method.
7239**
7240** See also: [file control opcodes]
7241*/
7242int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7243
7244/*
7245** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7246**
7247** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7248** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7249** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7250** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7251**
7252** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7253** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7254** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7255**
7256** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7257** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7258** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7259** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7260*/
7261int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7262
7263/*
7264** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7265**
7266** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7267** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7268**
7269** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7270** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7271** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7272** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7273*/
7274#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7275#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7276#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7277#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7278#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7279#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7280#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7281#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7282#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7283#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7284#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7285#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7286#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7287#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7288#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7289#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7290#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7291#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7292#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7293#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7294#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7295#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7296#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7297#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7298#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7299#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7300
7301/*
7302** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7303**
7304** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7305** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7306** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7307** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7308**
7309** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7310** keywords understood by SQLite.
7311**
7312** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7313** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7314** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7315** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7316** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7317** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7318** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7319**
7320** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7321** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7322** if it is and zero if not.
7323**
7324** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7325** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7326** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7327** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7328** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7329** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7330** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7331** name collisions include:
7332** <ul>
7333** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7334**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7335** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7336**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7337**      technique.
7338** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7339**      with "Z".
7340** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7341** </ul>
7342**
7343** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7344** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7345** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7346** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7347*/
7348int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7349int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7350int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7351
7352/*
7353** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7354** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7355**
7356** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7357** string under construction.
7358**
7359** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7360** <ol>
7361** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7362** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7363** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7364** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7365** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7366** </ol>
7367*/
7368typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7369
7370/*
7371** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7372** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7373**
7374** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7375** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7376** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7377** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7378**
7379** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7380** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7381** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7382** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7383** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7384** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7385** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7386** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7387** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7388**
7389** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7390** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7391** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7392** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7393** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7394*/
7395sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7396
7397/*
7398** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7399** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7400**
7401** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7402** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7403** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7404** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7405** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7406** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7407** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7408** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7409*/
7410char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7411
7412/*
7413** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7414** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7415**
7416** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7417** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7418**
7419** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7420** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7421** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7422** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7423**
7424** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7425** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7426** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7427** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7428** method instead.
7429**
7430** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7431** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7432**
7433** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7434** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7435** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7436**
7437** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7438** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7439**
7440** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7441** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7442** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7443*/
7444void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7445void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7446void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7447void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7448void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7449void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7450
7451/*
7452** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7453** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7454**
7455** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7456**
7457** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7458** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7459** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7460** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7461** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7462** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7463**
7464** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7465** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7466** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7467** zero-termination byte.
7468**
7469** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7470** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7471** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7472** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7473** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7474** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7475** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7476** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7477** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7478** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7479*/
7480int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7481int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7482char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7483
7484/*
7485** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7486**
7487** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7488** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7489** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7490** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7491** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7492** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7493** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7494** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7495** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7496** value.  For those parameters
7497** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7498** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7499** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7500**
7501** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7502** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7503**
7504** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7505** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7506** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7507**
7508** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7509*/
7510int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7511int sqlite3_status64(
7512  int op,
7513  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7514  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7515  int resetFlag
7516);
7517
7518
7519/*
7520** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7521** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7522**
7523** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7524** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7525**
7526** <dl>
7527** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7528** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7529** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7530** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7531** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7532** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7533** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7534** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7535**
7536** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7537** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7538** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7539** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7540** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7541** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7542**
7543** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7544** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7545** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7546**
7547** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7548** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7549** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7550** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7551** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7552**
7553** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7554** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7555** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7556** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7557** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7558** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7559** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7560** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7561** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7562**
7563** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7564** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7565** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7566** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7567** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7568**
7569** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7570** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7571**
7572** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7573** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7574**
7575** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7576** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7577**
7578** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7579** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7580** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7581** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7582** </dl>
7583**
7584** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7585*/
7586#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7587#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7588#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7589#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7590#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7591#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7592#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7593#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7594#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7595#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7596
7597/*
7598** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7599** METHOD: sqlite3
7600**
7601** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7602** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7603** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7604** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7605** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7606** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7607** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7608** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7609**
7610** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7611** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7612** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7613** reset back down to the current value.
7614**
7615** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7616** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7617**
7618** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7619*/
7620int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7621
7622/*
7623** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7624** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7625**
7626** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7627** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7628**
7629** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7630** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7631** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7632** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7633** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7634**
7635** <dl>
7636** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7637** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7638** checked out.</dd>)^
7639**
7640** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7641** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7642** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7643** the current value is always zero.)^
7644**
7645** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7646** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7647** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7648** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7649** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7650** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7651** the current value is always zero.)^
7652**
7653** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7654** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7655** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7656** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7657** memory already being in use.
7658** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7659** the current value is always zero.)^
7660**
7661** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7662** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7663** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7664** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7665**
7666** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7667** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7668** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7669** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7670** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7671** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7672** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7673** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7674** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7675** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7676** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7677**
7678** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7679** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7680** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7681** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7682** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7683** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7684** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7685** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7686**
7687** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7688** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7689** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7690** the database connection.)^
7691** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7692** </dd>
7693**
7694** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7695** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7696** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7697** is always 0.
7698** </dd>
7699**
7700** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7701** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7702** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7703** is always 0.
7704** </dd>
7705**
7706** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7707** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7708** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7709** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7710** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7711** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7712** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7713** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7714** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7715** </dd>
7716**
7717** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7718** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7719** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7720** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7721** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7722** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7723** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
7724** </dd>
7725**
7726** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7727** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7728** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7729** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7730** </dd>
7731** </dl>
7732*/
7733#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7734#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7735#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7736#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7737#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7738#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7739#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7740#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7741#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7742#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7743#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7744#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7745#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7746#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7747
7748
7749/*
7750** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7751** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7752**
7753** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7754** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7755** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7756** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7757** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7758** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7759** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7760** an index.
7761**
7762** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7763** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7764** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7765** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7766** to be interrogated.)^
7767** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7768** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7769** interface call returns.
7770**
7771** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7772*/
7773int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7774
7775/*
7776** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7777** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7778**
7779** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7780** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7781** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7782**
7783** <dl>
7784** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7785** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7786** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7787** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7788** careful use of indices.</dd>
7789**
7790** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7791** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7792** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7793** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7794**
7795** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7796** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7797** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7798** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7799** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7800** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7801**
7802** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7803** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7804** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7805** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7806** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7807** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7808** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7809**
7810** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7811** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7812** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7813** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7814**
7815** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7816** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7817** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7818** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7819** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7820** cycle.
7821**
7822** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7823** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7824** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7825** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7826** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7827** </dd>
7828** </dl>
7829*/
7830#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7831#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7832#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7833#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7834#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7835#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7836#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7837
7838/*
7839** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7840**
7841** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7842** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7843** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7844** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7845** to the object.
7846**
7847** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7848*/
7849typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7850
7851/*
7852** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7853**
7854** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7855** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7856** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7857** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7858**
7859** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7860*/
7861typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7862struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7863  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7864  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7865};
7866
7867/*
7868** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7869** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7870**
7871** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7872** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7873** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7874** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7875** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7876** By implementing a
7877** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7878** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7879** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7880** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7881** how long.
7882**
7883** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7884** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7885** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7886**
7887** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7888** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7889** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7890** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7891**
7892** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7893** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7894** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7895** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7896** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7897** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7898** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7899** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7900** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7901** page cache.)^
7902**
7903** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7904** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7905** It can be used to clean up
7906** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7907** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7908**
7909** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7910** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7911** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7912** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7913** in multithreaded applications.
7914**
7915** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7916** call to xShutdown().
7917**
7918** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7919** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7920** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7921** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7922** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7923** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7924** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7925** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7926** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7927** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7928** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7929** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7930** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7931** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7932** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7933** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7934** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7935** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7936** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7937** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7938** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7939** never contain any unpinned pages.
7940**
7941** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7942** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7943** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7944** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7945** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7946** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7947** value; it is advisory only.
7948**
7949** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7950** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7951** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7952**
7953** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7954** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7955** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7956** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7957** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7958** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7959** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7960** for each entry in the page cache.
7961**
7962** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7963** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7964** to be "pinned".
7965**
7966** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7967** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7968** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7969** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7970** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7971**
7972** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7973** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7974** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7975** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7976**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7977** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7978**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7979** </table>
7980**
7981** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7982** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7983** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7984** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7985** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7986**
7987** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7988** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7989** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7990** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7991** ^If the discard parameter is
7992** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7993** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7994** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7995**
7996** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7997** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7998** to xFetch().
7999**
8000** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8001** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8002** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8003** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8004** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8005** to be pinned.
8006**
8007** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8008** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8009** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8010** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8011** they can be safely discarded.
8012**
8013** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8014** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8015** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8016** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8017** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8018** functions.
8019**
8020** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8021** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8022** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8023** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8024** do their best.
8025*/
8026typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8027struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8028  int iVersion;
8029  void *pArg;
8030  int (*xInit)(void*);
8031  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8032  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8033  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8034  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8035  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8036  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8037  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8038      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8039  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8040  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8041  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8042};
8043
8044/*
8045** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8046** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8047** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8048*/
8049typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8050struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8051  void *pArg;
8052  int (*xInit)(void*);
8053  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8054  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8055  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8056  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8057  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8058  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8059  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8060  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8061  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8062};
8063
8064
8065/*
8066** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8067**
8068** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8069** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8070** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8071** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8072**
8073** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8074*/
8075typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8076
8077/*
8078** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8079**
8080** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8081** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8082** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8083**
8084** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8085**
8086** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8087** for the duration of the backup operation.
8088** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8089** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8090** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8091** preventing other database connections from
8092** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8093**
8094** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8095**   <ol>
8096**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8097**         backup,
8098**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8099**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8100**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8101**         associated with the backup operation.
8102**   </ol>)^
8103** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8104** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8105**
8106** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8107**
8108** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8109** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8110** and the database name, respectively.
8111** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8112** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8113** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8114** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8115** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8116** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8117** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8118** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8119** an error.
8120**
8121** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8122** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8123** destination database.
8124**
8125** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8126** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8127** destination [database connection] D.
8128** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8129** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8130** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8131** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8132** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8133** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8134** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8135** operation.
8136**
8137** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8138**
8139** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8140** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8141** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8142** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8143** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8144** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8145** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8146** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8147** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8148** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8149** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8150** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8151**
8152** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8153** <ol>
8154** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8155** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8156** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8157** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8158** destination and source page sizes differ.
8159** </ol>)^
8160**
8161** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8162** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8163** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8164** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8165** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8166** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8167** [database connection]
8168** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8169** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8170** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8171** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8172** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8173** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8174** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8175** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8176** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8177**
8178** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8179** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8180** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8181** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8182** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8183** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8184** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8185** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8186** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8187** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8188** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8189** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8190** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8191** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8192** updated at the same time.
8193**
8194** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8195**
8196** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8197** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8198** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8199** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8200** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8201** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8202** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8203** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8204** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8205**
8206** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8207** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8208** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8209** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8210** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8211** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8212**
8213** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8214** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8215** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8216**
8217** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8218** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8219**
8220** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8221** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8222** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8223** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8224** sqlite3_backup_step().
8225** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8226** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8227** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8228** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8229** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8230** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8231**
8232** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8233**
8234** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8235** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8236** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8237** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8238** from within other threads.
8239**
8240** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8241** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8242** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8243** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8244** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8245** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8246** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8247** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8248**
8249** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8250** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8251** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8252** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8253** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8254** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8255**
8256** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8257** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8258** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8259** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8260** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8261** possible that they return invalid values.
8262*/
8263sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8264  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8265  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8266  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8267  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8268);
8269int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8270int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8271int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8272int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8273
8274/*
8275** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8276** METHOD: sqlite3
8277**
8278** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8279** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8280** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8281** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8282** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8283** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8284** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8285** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8286**
8287** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8288**
8289** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8290** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8291**
8292** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8293** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8294** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8295** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8296** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8297** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8298** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8299** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8300** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8301** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
8302**
8303** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8304** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8305** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8306** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8307** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8308**
8309** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8310** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8311** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8312** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8313**
8314** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8315** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8316** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8317** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8318** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8319** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8320** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8321** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8322**
8323** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8324** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8325** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8326**
8327** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8328** returns SQLITE_OK.
8329**
8330** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8331**
8332** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8333** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8334** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8335** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8336** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8337** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8338**
8339** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
8340** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8341** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8342** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8343** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8344** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8345** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8346** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8347**
8348** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8349**
8350** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8351** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8352** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8353** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8354** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8355** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8356** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8357**
8358** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8359** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8360** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8361** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8362** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8363** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8364** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8365** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8366** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8367** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8368** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8369** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8370**
8371** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8372**
8373** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8374** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8375** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8376** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8377** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8378** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8379** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8380** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8381** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8382**
8383** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8384** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8385** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8386** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8387** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8388*/
8389int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8390  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8391  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8392  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8393);
8394
8395
8396/*
8397** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8398**
8399** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8400** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8401** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8402** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8403*/
8404int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8405int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8406
8407/*
8408** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8409*
8410** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8411** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8412** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8413** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8414** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8415** is case sensitive.
8416**
8417** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8418** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8419**
8420** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8421*/
8422int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8423
8424/*
8425** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8426*
8427** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8428** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8429** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8430** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8431** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8432** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8433** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8434** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8435** one another.
8436**
8437** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8438** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8439**
8440** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8441** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8442**
8443** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8444*/
8445int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8446
8447/*
8448** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8449**
8450** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8451** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8452** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8453** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8454**
8455** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8456** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8457** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8458** is considered bad form.
8459**
8460** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8461**
8462** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8463** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8464** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8465** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8466** buffer.
8467*/
8468void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8469
8470/*
8471** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8472** METHOD: sqlite3
8473**
8474** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8475** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8476**
8477** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8478** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8479** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8480**
8481** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8482** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8483** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8484** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8485** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8486** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8487** including those that were just committed.
8488**
8489** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8490** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8491** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8492** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8493** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8494** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8495** are undefined.
8496**
8497** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8498** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8499** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8500** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8501** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8502** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8503*/
8504void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8505  sqlite3*,
8506  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8507  void*
8508);
8509
8510/*
8511** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8512** METHOD: sqlite3
8513**
8514** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8515** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8516** to automatically [checkpoint]
8517** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8518** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8519** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8520** checkpoints entirely.
8521**
8522** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8523** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8524** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8525** configured by this function.
8526**
8527** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8528** from SQL.
8529**
8530** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8531** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8532**
8533** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8534** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8535** pages.  The use of this interface
8536** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8537** for a particular application.
8538*/
8539int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8540
8541/*
8542** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8543** METHOD: sqlite3
8544**
8545** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8546** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8547**
8548** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8549** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8550** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8551** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8552** information.
8553**
8554** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8555** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8556** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8557** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8558** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8559** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8560*/
8561int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8562
8563/*
8564** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8565** METHOD: sqlite3
8566**
8567** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8568** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8569** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8570** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8571**
8572** <dl>
8573** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8574**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8575**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8576**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8577**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8578**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8579**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8580**
8581** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8582**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8583**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8584**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8585**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8586**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8587**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8588**
8589** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8590**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8591**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8592**   [busy-handler callback])
8593**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8594**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8595**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8596**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8597**
8598** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8599**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8600**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8601**   to a successful return.
8602** </dl>
8603**
8604** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8605** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8606** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8607** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8608** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8609** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8610** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8611** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8612** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8613**
8614** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8615** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8616** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8617** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8618**
8619** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8620** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8621** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8622** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8623** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8624** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8625** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8626** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8627** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8628** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8629**
8630** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8631** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8632** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8633** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8634** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8635** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8636** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8637** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8638** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8639** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8640** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8641**
8642** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8643** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8644** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8645** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8646**
8647** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8648** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8649** sets the error information that is queried by
8650** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8651**
8652** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8653** from SQL.
8654*/
8655int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8656  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8657  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8658  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8659  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8660  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8661);
8662
8663/*
8664** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8665** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8666**
8667** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8668** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8669** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8670** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8671*/
8672#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8673#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8674#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8675#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8676
8677/*
8678** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8679**
8680** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8681** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8682** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8683**
8684** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8685** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8686**
8687** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8688** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8689** may be added in the future.
8690*/
8691int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8692
8693/*
8694** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8695**
8696** These macros define the various options to the
8697** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8698** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8699**
8700** <dl>
8701** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
8702** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8703** <dd>Calls of the form
8704** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8705** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8706** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8707** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8708** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8709** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8710** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8711** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8712**
8713** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8714** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8715** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8716** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8717** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8718** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8719** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8720** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8721** had been ABORT.
8722**
8723** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8724** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8725** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8726** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8727** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8728** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8729** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8730** constraint handling.
8731** </dl>
8732*/
8733#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8734
8735/*
8736** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8737**
8738** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8739** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8740** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8741** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8742** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8743** [virtual table].
8744*/
8745int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8746
8747/*
8748** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8749**
8750** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8751** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8752** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8753** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8754** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
8755** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
8756**
8757** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8758** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
8759** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8760** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8761** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8762** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8763*/
8764int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8765
8766/*
8767** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8768**
8769** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8770** method of a [virtual table].
8771**
8772** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8773** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8774** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8775** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8776** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8777** constraint.
8778*/
8779SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8780
8781/*
8782** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8783** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8784**
8785** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8786** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8787** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8788**
8789** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8790** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8791** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8792*/
8793#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8794/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8795#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8796/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8797#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8798
8799/*
8800** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8801** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8802**
8803** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8804** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8805** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8806**
8807** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8808** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8809** S is finalized.
8810**
8811** <dl>
8812** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8813** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8814** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8815**
8816** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8817** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8818** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8819**
8820** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8821** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8822** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8823** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8824** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8825** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8826** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8827**
8828** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8829** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8830** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8831** used for the X-th loop.
8832**
8833** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8834** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8835** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8836** description for the X-th loop.
8837**
8838** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8839** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8840** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8841** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8842** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8843** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8844** </dl>
8845*/
8846#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8847#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8848#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8849#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8850#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8851#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8852
8853/*
8854** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8855** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8856**
8857** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8858** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8859** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8860** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8861**
8862** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8863** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8864** compile-time option.
8865**
8866** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8867** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8868** of this interface is undefined.
8869** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8870** the "pOut" parameter.
8871** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8872** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8873** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8874** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8875** points to is unchanged.
8876**
8877** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8878** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8879** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8880** that pOut points to unchanged.
8881**
8882** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8883*/
8884int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8885  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8886  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8887  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8888  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8889);
8890
8891/*
8892** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8893** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8894**
8895** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8896**
8897** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8898** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8899*/
8900void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8901
8902/*
8903** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8904**
8905** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8906** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8907** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8908** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8909** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8910** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8911** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8912** any [attached] databases.
8913**
8914** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8915** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8916** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8917** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8918** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8919** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8920** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8921** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8922**
8923** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8924** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8925** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8926**
8927** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8928**
8929** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8930** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8931*/
8932int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8933
8934/*
8935** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8936**
8937** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8938** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8939**
8940** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8941** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8942** on a database table.
8943** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8944** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8945** the previous setting.
8946** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8947** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8948** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8949** the first parameter to callbacks.
8950**
8951** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8952** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8953** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8954**
8955** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8956** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8957** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8958** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8959** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8960** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8961** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8962** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8963** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8964** databases.)^
8965** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8966** table that is being modified.
8967**
8968** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8969** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8970** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8971** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8972** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8973** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8974** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8975** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8976** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8977**
8978** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8979** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8980** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8981** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8982** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8983** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8984** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8985** behavior.
8986**
8987** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8988** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8989**
8990** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8991** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8992** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8993** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8994** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8995** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8996** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8997** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8998**
8999** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9000** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9001** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9002** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9003** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9004** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9005** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9006** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9007**
9008** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9009** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9010** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9011** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9012** triggers; and so forth.
9013**
9014** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9015*/
9016#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9017void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9018  sqlite3 *db,
9019  void(*xPreUpdate)(
9020    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9021    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9022    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9023    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9024    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9025    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9026    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9027  ),
9028  void*
9029);
9030int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9031int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9032int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9033int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9034#endif
9035
9036/*
9037** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9038**
9039** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9040** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9041** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9042** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9043** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9044** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9045*/
9046int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9047
9048/*
9049** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9050** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9051**
9052** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9053** database for some specific point in history.
9054**
9055** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9056** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9057** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9058** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9059** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9060** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9061** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9062**
9063** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9064** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9065** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9066** the most recent version.
9067*/
9068typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9069  unsigned char hidden[48];
9070} sqlite3_snapshot;
9071
9072/*
9073** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9074** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9075**
9076** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9077** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9078** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9079** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9080** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9081** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9082** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9083**
9084** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9085** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9086** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9087** in this case.
9088**
9089** <ul>
9090**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9091**
9092**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9093**
9094**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9095**        connection D.
9096**
9097**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9098**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9099**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9100**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9101**        must be written to it first.
9102** </ul>
9103**
9104** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9105** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9106** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9107**
9108** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9109** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9110** to avoid a memory leak.
9111**
9112** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9113** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9114*/
9115SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9116  sqlite3 *db,
9117  const char *zSchema,
9118  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9119);
9120
9121/*
9122** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9123** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9124**
9125** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9126** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9127** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9128** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9129** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9130** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9131**
9132** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9133** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9134** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9135** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9136** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9137** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9138** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9139**
9140** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9141** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9142** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9143**
9144** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9145** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9146** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9147** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9148** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9149** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9150** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9151**
9152** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9153** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9154** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9155** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9156** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9157** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9158** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9159** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9160**
9161** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9162** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9163*/
9164SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9165  sqlite3 *db,
9166  const char *zSchema,
9167  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9168);
9169
9170/*
9171** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9172** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9173**
9174** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9175** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9176** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9177**
9178** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9179** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9180*/
9181SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9182
9183/*
9184** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9185** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9186**
9187** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9188** of two valid snapshot handles.
9189**
9190** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9191** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9192**
9193** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9194** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9195** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9196** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9197** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9198** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9199** is undefined.
9200**
9201** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9202** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9203** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9204**
9205** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9206** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9207*/
9208SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9209  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9210  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9211);
9212
9213/*
9214** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9215** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9216**
9217** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9218** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9219** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9220** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9221** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9222** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9223** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9224**
9225** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9226** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9227** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9228** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9229** database.
9230**
9231** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9232**
9233** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9234** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9235*/
9236SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9237
9238/*
9239** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9240**
9241** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9242** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9243** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9244** is written into *P.
9245**
9246** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9247** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9248** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9249** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9250**
9251** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9252** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9253** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9254** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9255** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9256** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9257** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9258** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9259** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9260** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9261** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9262** values of D and S.
9263** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9264** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9265** of the database exists.
9266**
9267** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9268** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9269** allocation error occurs.
9270**
9271** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9272** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9273*/
9274unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9275  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9276  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9277  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9278  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9279);
9280
9281/*
9282** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9283**
9284** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9285** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9286**
9287** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9288** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9289** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9290** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9291** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9292** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9293** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9294*/
9295#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9296
9297/*
9298** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9299**
9300** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9301** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9302** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9303** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9304** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9305** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9306** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9307** size does not exceed M bytes.
9308**
9309** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9310** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9311** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9312** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9313** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9314**
9315** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9316** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9317** operation.
9318**
9319** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9320** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9321** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9322**
9323** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9324** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9325*/
9326int sqlite3_deserialize(
9327  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9328  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9329  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9330  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9331  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9332  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9333);
9334
9335/*
9336** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9337**
9338** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9339** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9340**
9341** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9342** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9343** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9344** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9345** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9346**
9347** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9348** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9349** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9350** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9351** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9352**
9353** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9354** should be treated as read-only.
9355*/
9356#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9357#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9358#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9359
9360/*
9361** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9362** builds on processors without floating point support.
9363*/
9364#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9365# undef double
9366#endif
9367
9368#ifdef __cplusplus
9369}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9370#endif
9371#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9372