xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 79d5bc80)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#else
193# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
194# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
195#endif
196
197/*
198** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
199**
200** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
201** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
202** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
203**
204** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
205** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
206** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
207** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
208** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
209** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
210**
211** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
212** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
213** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
214** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
215**
216** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
217** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
218** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
219**
220** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
221** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
222** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
223** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
224** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
225** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
226** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
227** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
228** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
229** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
230**
231** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
232*/
233int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
234
235/*
236** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
237** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
238**
239** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
240** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
241** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
242** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
243** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
244** interfaces (such as
245** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
246** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
247** sqlite3 object.
248*/
249typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
250
251/*
252** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
253** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
254**
255** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
256** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
257**
258** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
259** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
260** compatibility only.
261**
262** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
263** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
264** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
265** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
266*/
267#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
268  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
269# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
270    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
271# else
272    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
273# endif
274#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
275  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
277#else
278  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
279  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
280#endif
281typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
282typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
283
284/*
285** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
286** substitute integer for floating-point.
287*/
288#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
289# define double sqlite3_int64
290#endif
291
292/*
293** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
294** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
295**
296** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
297** for the [sqlite3] object.
298** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
299** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
300** resources are deallocated.
301**
302** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
303** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
304** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
305** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
306** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
307** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
308** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
309** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
310** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
311** destructors are called is arbitrary.
312**
313** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
314** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
315** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
316** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
317** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
318** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
319** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
320** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
321** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
322**
323** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
324** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
325**
326** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
327** must be either a NULL
328** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
329** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
330** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
331** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
332** argument is a harmless no-op.
333*/
334int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
335int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
336
337/*
338** The type for a callback function.
339** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
340** compatibility and is not documented.
341*/
342typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
343
344/*
345** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
346** METHOD: sqlite3
347**
348** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
349** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
350** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
351** without having to use a lot of C code.
352**
353** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
354** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
355** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
356** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
357** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
358** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
359** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
360** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
361** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
362** ignored.
363**
364** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
365** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
366** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
368** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
369** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
370** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
371** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
372** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
373** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
374** NULL before returning.
375**
376** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
377** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
378** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
379**
380** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
381** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
382** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
383** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
384** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
385** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
386** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
387** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
388** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
389**
390** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
391** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
392** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
393** is not changed.
394**
395** Restrictions:
396**
397** <ul>
398** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
399**      is a valid and open [database connection].
400** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
401**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
402** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
403**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
404** </ul>
405*/
406int sqlite3_exec(
407  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
408  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
409  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
410  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
411  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
412);
413
414/*
415** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
416** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
417**
418** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
419** here in order to indicate success or failure.
420**
421** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
422**
423** See also: [extended result code definitions]
424*/
425#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
426/* beginning-of-error-codes */
427#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
428#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
429#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
430#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
431#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
432#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
433#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
434#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
435#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
436#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
437#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
438#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
439#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
440#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
441#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
442#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
443#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
444#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
445#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
446#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
447#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
448#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
449#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
450#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
451#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
452#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
453#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
454#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
455#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
456#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
457/* end-of-error-codes */
458
459/*
460** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
461** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
462**
463** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
464** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
465** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
466** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
467** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
468** and later) include
469** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
470** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
471** on a per database connection basis using the
472** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
473** the most recent error can be obtained using
474** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
475*/
476#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
478#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
508#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
509#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
510#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
513#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
518#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
519#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
520#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
521#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
524#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
525#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
526#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
527#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
528#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
534#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
535#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
539#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
540#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
541#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
542#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
544#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
545#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
546
547/*
548** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
549**
550** These bit values are intended for use in the
551** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
552** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
553*/
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
567#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
568#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
569#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
570#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
571#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
572#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
573#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
574#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
575
576/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
577
578/*
579** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
580**
581** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
582** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
583** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
584** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
585** refers to.
586**
587** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
588** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
589** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
590** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
591** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
592** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
593** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
594** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
595** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
596** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
597** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
598** file that were written at the application level might have changed
599** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
600** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
601** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
602** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
603** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
604** elevated privileges.
605**
606** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
607** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
608** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
609** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
610*/
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
618#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
619#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
620#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
621#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
622#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
623#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
624#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
625#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
626
627/*
628** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
629**
630** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
631** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
632** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
633*/
634#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
635#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
636#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
637#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
638#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
639
640/*
641** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
642**
643** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
644** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
645** these integer values as the second argument.
646**
647** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
648** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
649** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
650** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
651** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
652** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
653**
654** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
655** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
656** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
657** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
658** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
659** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
660** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
661** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
662** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
663** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
664** cares about the difference.)
665*/
666#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
667#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
668#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
669
670/*
671** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
672**
673** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
674** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
675** implementations will
676** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
677** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
678** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
679** I/O operations on the open file.
680*/
681typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
682struct sqlite3_file {
683  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
684};
685
686/*
687** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
688**
689** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
690** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
691** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
692** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
693** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
694**
695** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
696** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
697** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
698** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
699** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
700** to NULL.
701**
702** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
703** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
704** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
705** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
706** and not its inode needs to be synced.
707**
708** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
709** <ul>
710** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
711** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
712** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
713** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
714** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
715** </ul>
716** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
717** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
718** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
719** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
720** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
721**
722** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
723** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
724** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
725** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
726** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
727** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
728** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
729** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
730** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
731** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
732** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
733** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
734** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
735** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
736** recognize.
737**
738** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
739** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
740** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
741** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
742** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
743** underlying device:
744**
745** <ul>
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
753** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
754** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
755** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
756** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
757** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
758** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
759** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
760** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
761** </ul>
762**
763** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
764** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
765** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
766** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
767** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
768** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
769** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
770** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
771** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
772** to xWrite().
773**
774** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
775** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
776** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
777** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
778** database corruption.
779*/
780typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
781struct sqlite3_io_methods {
782  int iVersion;
783  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
784  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
785  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
786  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
787  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
788  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
789  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
790  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
791  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
792  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
793  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
794  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
795  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
796  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
797  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
798  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
799  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
800  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
801  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
802  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
803  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
804  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
805};
806
807/*
808** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
809** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
810**
811** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
812** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
813** interface.
814**
815** <ul>
816** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
817** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
818** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
819** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
820** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
821** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
822** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
823** compile-time option is used.
824**
825** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
826** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
827** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
828** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
829** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
830** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
831** file run faster.
832**
833** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
834** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
835** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
836** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
837** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
838** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
839** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
840** pointed to is set to the new limit.
841**
842** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
843** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
844** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
845** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
846** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
847** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
848** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
849** improve performance on some systems.
850**
851** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
852** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
853** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
854** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
855**
856** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
857** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
858** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
859** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
860** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
861**
862** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
863** No longer in use.
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
866** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
867** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
868** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
869** because the user has configured SQLite with
870** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
871** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
872** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
873** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
874** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
875** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
876** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
877** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
878**
879** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
880** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
881** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
882** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
883** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
884** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
885** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
886**
887** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
888** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
889** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
890** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
891** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
892** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
893** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
894** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
895** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
896** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
897** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
898** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
899** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
900** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
901** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
902** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
903**
904** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
905** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
906** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
907** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
908** files used for transaction control
909** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
910** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
911** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
912** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
913** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
914** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
915** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
916** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
917** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
918** WAL persistence setting.
919**
920** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
921** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
922** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
923** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
924** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
925** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
926** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
927** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
928** zero-damage mode setting.
929**
930** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
931** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
932** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
933** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
934** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
935**
936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
937** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
938** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
939** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
940** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
941** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
942** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
943** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
944** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
945** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
946** is intended for diagnostic use only.
947**
948** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
949** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
950** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
951** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
952** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
953** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
954** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
955** upper-most shim only.
956**
957** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
958** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
959** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
960** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
961** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
962** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
963** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
964** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
965** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
966** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
967** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
968** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
969** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
970** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
971** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
972** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
973** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
974** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
975** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
976** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
977** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
978** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
979** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
980** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
981**
982** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
983** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
984** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
985** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
986** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
987** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
988** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
989** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
990** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
991** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
992** current operation.
993**
994** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
995** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
996** to have SQLite generate a
997** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
998** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
999** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1000** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1001** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1002**
1003** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1004** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1005** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1006** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1007** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1008** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1009** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1010** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1011** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1012**
1013** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1014** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1015** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1016** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1017** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1018** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1019** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1020**
1021** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1022** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1023** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1024** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1025** was first opened.
1026**
1027** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1028** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1029** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1030** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1031** writes the resulting value there.
1032**
1033** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1034** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1035** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1036** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1037** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1038**
1039** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1040** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1041** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1042** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1043** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1044** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1045**
1046** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1047** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1048** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1049**
1050** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1051** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1052** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1053** this opcode.
1054**
1055** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1056** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1057** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1058** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1059** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1060** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1061** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1062** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1063** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1064** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1065** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1066** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1067**
1068** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1069** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1070** operations since the previous successful call to
1071** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1072** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1073** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1074** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1075** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1076** write operations are independent.
1077** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1078** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1079**
1080** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1081** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1082** operations since the previous successful call to
1083** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1084** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1085** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1086** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1087** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1088**
1089** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1090** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1091** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1092** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1093** unsigned integer parameter.
1094**
1095** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1096** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1097** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1098** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1099** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1100** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1101** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1102** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1103** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1104** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1105** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1106** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1107** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1108** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1109** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1110** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1111** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1112** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1113** a particular attached database.
1114** </ul>
1115*/
1116#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1117#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1118#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1119#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1120#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1121#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1122#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1123#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1124#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1125#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1126#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1127#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1128#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1129#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1130#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1131#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1132#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1133#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1134#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1135#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1136#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1137#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1138#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1139#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1140#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1141#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1142#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1143#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1144#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1145#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1146#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1147#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1148#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1149#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1150#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1151
1152/* deprecated names */
1153#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1154#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1155#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1156
1157
1158/*
1159** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1160**
1161** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1162** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1163** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1164** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1165**
1166** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1167*/
1168typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1169
1170/*
1171** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1172**
1173** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1174** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1175** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1176** on some platforms.
1177*/
1178typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1179
1180/*
1181** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1182**
1183** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1184** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1185** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1186** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1187**
1188** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1189** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1190** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1191** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1192** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1193** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1194** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1195** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1196** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1197** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1198** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1199** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1200**
1201** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1202** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1203** a pathname in this VFS.
1204**
1205** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1206** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1207** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1208** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1209** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1210** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1211**
1212** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1213** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1214** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1215** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1216** object once the object has been registered.
1217**
1218** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1219** be unique across all VFS modules.
1220**
1221** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1222** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1223** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1224** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1225** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1226** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1227** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1228** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1229** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1230** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1231** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1232** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1233** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1234** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1235** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1236** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1237**
1238** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1239** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1240** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1241** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1242** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1243** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1244**
1245** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1246** call, depending on the object being opened:
1247**
1248** <ul>
1249** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1250** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1251** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1252** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1253** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1254** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1255** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1256** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1257** </ul>)^
1258**
1259** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1260** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1261** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1262** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1263** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1264** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1265** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1266** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1267**
1268** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1269**
1270** <ul>
1271** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1272** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1273** </ul>
1274**
1275** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1276** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1277** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1278** databases, and subjournals.
1279**
1280** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1281** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1282** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1283** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1284** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1285** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1286** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1287** for exclusive access.
1288**
1289** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1290** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1291** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1292** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1293** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1294** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1295** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1296** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1297** or failure of the xOpen call.
1298**
1299** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1300** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1301** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1302** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1303** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1304** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1305** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1306** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1307** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1308** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1309** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1310** whether or not the file is accessible.
1311**
1312** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1313** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1314** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1315** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1316** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1317** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1318**
1319** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1320** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1321** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1322** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1323** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1324** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1325** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1326** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1327** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1328** a floating point value.
1329** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1330** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1331** a 24-hour day).
1332** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1333** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1334** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1335** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1336**
1337** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1338** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1339** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1340** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1341** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1342** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1343** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1344** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1345** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1346** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1347** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1348*/
1349typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1350typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1351struct sqlite3_vfs {
1352  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1353  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1354  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1355  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1356  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1357  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1358  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1359               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1360  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1361  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1362  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1363  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1364  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1365  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1366  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1367  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1368  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1369  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1370  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1371  /*
1372  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1373  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1374  */
1375  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1376  /*
1377  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1378  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1379  */
1380  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1381  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1382  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1383  /*
1384  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1385  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1386  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1387  */
1388};
1389
1390/*
1391** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1392**
1393** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1394** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1395** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1396** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1397** simply checks whether the file exists.
1398** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1399** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1400** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1401** the directory).
1402** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1403** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1404** release of SQLite.
1405** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1406** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1407** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1408** SQLite.
1409*/
1410#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1411#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1412#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1413
1414/*
1415** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1416**
1417** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1418** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1419** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1420** xShmLock method:
1421**
1422** <ul>
1423** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1424** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1425** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1426** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1427** </ul>
1428**
1429** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1430** was given on the corresponding lock.
1431**
1432** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1433** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1434** and EXCLUSIVE.
1435*/
1436#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1437#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1438#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1439#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1440
1441/*
1442** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1443**
1444** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1445** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1446** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1447** lock outside of this range
1448*/
1449#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1450
1451
1452/*
1453** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1454**
1455** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1456** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1457** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1458** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1459** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1460** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1461**
1462** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1463** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1464** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1465** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1466** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1467** are harmless no-ops.)^
1468**
1469** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1470** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1471** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1472** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1473**
1474** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1475** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1476** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1477** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1478** sqlite3_shutdown().
1479**
1480** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1481** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1482** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1483**
1484** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1485** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1486** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1487** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1488**
1489** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1490** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1491** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1492** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1493** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1494** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1495** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1496** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1497** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1498** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1499** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1500** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1501** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1502** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1503**
1504** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1505** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1506** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1507** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1508** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1509** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1510** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1511**
1512** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1513** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1514** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1515** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1516** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1517** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1518** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1519** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1520** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1521** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1522** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1523** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1524** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1525** failure.
1526*/
1527int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1528int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1529int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1530int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1531
1532/*
1533** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1534**
1535** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1536** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1537** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1538** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1539** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1540**
1541** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1542** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1543** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1544**
1545** The sqlite3_config() interface
1546** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1547** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1548** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1549** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1550** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1551** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1552**
1553** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1554** [configuration option] that determines
1555** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1556** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1557** in the first argument.
1558**
1559** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1560** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1561** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1562*/
1563int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1564
1565/*
1566** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1567** METHOD: sqlite3
1568**
1569** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1570** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1571** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1572** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1573**
1574** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1575** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1576** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1577** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1578**
1579** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1580** the call is considered successful.
1581*/
1582int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1583
1584/*
1585** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1586**
1587** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1588** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1589**
1590** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1591** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1592** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1593** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1594** By creating an instance of this object
1595** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1596** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1597** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1598** dynamic memory needs.
1599**
1600** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1601** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1602** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1603** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1604** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1605** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1606** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1607** conditions.
1608**
1609** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1610** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1611** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1612** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1613**
1614** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1615** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1616** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1617**
1618** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1619** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1620** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1621** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1622** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1623** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1624** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1625**
1626** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1627** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1628** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1629** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1630** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1631** xInit and xShutdown.
1632**
1633** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1634** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1635** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1636** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1637** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1638** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1639** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1640** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1641** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1642** serialization.
1643**
1644** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1645** call to xShutdown().
1646*/
1647typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1648struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1649  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1650  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1651  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1652  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1653  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1654  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1655  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1656  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1657};
1658
1659/*
1660** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1661** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1662**
1663** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1664** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1665**
1666** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1667** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1668** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1669** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1670** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1671** is invoked.
1672**
1673** <dl>
1674** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1675** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1676** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1677** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1678** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1679** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1680** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1681** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1682** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1683** configuration option.</dd>
1684**
1685** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1686** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1687** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1688** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1689** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1690** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1691** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1692** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1693** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1694** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1695** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1696** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1697** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1698**
1699** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1700** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1701** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1702** all mutexes including the recursive
1703** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1704** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1705** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1706** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1707** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1708** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1709** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1710** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1711** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1712** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1713** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1714**
1715** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1716** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1717** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1718** The argument specifies
1719** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1720** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1721** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1722** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1723**
1724** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1725** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1726** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1727** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1728** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1729** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1730** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1731** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1732**
1733** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1734** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1735** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1736** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1737** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1738** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1739** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1740** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1741** </dd>
1742**
1743** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1744** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1745** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1746** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1747** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1748**   <ul>
1749**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1750**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1751**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1752**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1753**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1754**   </ul>)^
1755** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1756** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1757** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1758** </dd>
1759**
1760** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1761** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1762** </dd>
1763**
1764** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1765** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1766** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1767** cache implementation.
1768** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1769** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1770** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1771** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1772** and the number of cache lines (N).
1773** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1774** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1775** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1776** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1777** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1778** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1779** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1780** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1781** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1782** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1783** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1784** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1785** is exhausted.
1786** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1787** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1788** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1789** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1790** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1791** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1792** additional cache line. </dd>
1793**
1794** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1795** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1796** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1797** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1798** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1799** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1800** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1801** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1802** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1803** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1804** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1805** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1806** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1807** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1808** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1809** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1810** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1811** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1812** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1813**
1814** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1815** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1816** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1817** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1818** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1819** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1820** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1821** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1822** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1823** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1824** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1825**
1826** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1827** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1828** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1829** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1830** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1831** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1832** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1833** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1834** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1835** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1836** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1837** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1838**
1839** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1840** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1841** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1842** The first argument is the
1843** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1844** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1845** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1846** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1847** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1848**
1849** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1850** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1851** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1852** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1853** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1854**
1855** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1856** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1857** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1858** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1859**
1860** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1861** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1862** global [error log].
1863** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1864** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1865** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1866** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1867** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1868** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1869** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1870** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1871** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1872** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1873** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1874** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1875** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1876** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1877** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1878** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1879**
1880** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1881** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1882** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1883** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1884** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1885** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1886** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1887** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1888** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1889** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1890** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1891** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1892** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1893**
1894** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1895** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1896** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1897** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1898** ^The default setting is determined
1899** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1900** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1901** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1902** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1903** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1904** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1905** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1906**
1907** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1908** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1909** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1910** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1911** </dd>
1912**
1913** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1914** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1915** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1916** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1917** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1918** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1919** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1920** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1921** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1922** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1923** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1924** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1925** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1926** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1927** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1928** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1929**
1930** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1931** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1932** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1933** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1934** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1935** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1936** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1937** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1938** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1939** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1940** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1941** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1942** changed to its compile-time default.
1943**
1944** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1945** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1946** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1947** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1948** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1949** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1950**
1951** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1952** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1953** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1954** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1955** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1956** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1957** target platform, and SQLite version.
1958**
1959** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1960** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1961** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1962** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1963** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1964** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1965** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1966** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1967** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1968** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1969**
1970** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1971** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1972** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1973** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1974** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1975** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1976** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1977** exclusively in memory.
1978** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1979** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1980** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1981** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1982** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1983**
1984** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1985** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1986** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1987** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1988** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1989** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1990** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1991** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1992** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1993** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1994** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1995** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1996** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1997** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1998** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1999**
2000** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2001** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2002** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2003** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2004** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2005** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2006** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2007** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2008** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2009** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2010** </dl>
2011*/
2012#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2013#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2014#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2015#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2016#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2017#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2018#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2019#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2020#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2021#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2022#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2023/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2024#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2025#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2026#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2027#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2028#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2029#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2030#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2031#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2032#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2033#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2034#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2035#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2036#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2037#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2038#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2039#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2040#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2041
2042/*
2043** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2044**
2045** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2046** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2047**
2048** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2049** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2050** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2051** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2052** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2053** is invoked.
2054**
2055** <dl>
2056** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2057** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2058** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2059** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2060** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2061** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2062** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2063** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2064** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2065** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2066** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2067** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2068** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2069** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2070** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2071** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2072** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2073** when the "current value" returned by
2074** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2075** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2076** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2077** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2078**
2079** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2080** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2081** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2082** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2083** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2084** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2085** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2086** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2087** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2088** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2089**
2090** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2091** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2092** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2093** There should be two additional arguments.
2094** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2095** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2096** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2097** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2098** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2099** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2100**
2101** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2102** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2103** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2104** There should be two additional arguments.
2105** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2106** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2107** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2108** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2109** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2110** which case the view setting is not reported back. </dd>
2111**
2112** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2113** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2114** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2115** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2116** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2117** There should be two additional arguments.
2118** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2119** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2120** unchanged.
2121** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2122** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2123** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2124** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2125**
2126** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2127** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2128** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2129** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2130** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2131** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2132** There should be two additional arguments.
2133** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2134** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2135** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2136** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2137** C-API or the SQL function.
2138** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2139** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2140** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2141** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2142** </dd>
2143**
2144** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2145** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2146** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2147** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2148** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2149** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2150** until after the database connection closes.
2151** </dd>
2152**
2153** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2154** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2155** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2156** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2157** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2158** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2159** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2160** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2161** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2162** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2163** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2164** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2165** </dd>
2166**
2167** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2168** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2169** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2170** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2171** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2172** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2173** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2174** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2175** was used during testing in the lab.
2176** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2177** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2178** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2179** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2180** following this call.
2181** </dd>
2182**
2183** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2184** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2185** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2186** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2187** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2188** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2189** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2190** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2191** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2192** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2193** </dd>
2194**
2195** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2196** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2197** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2198** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2199** a badly corrupted database file:
2200** <ol>
2201** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2202**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2203**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2204**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2205**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2206**      the reset.
2207** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2208** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2209** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2210** </ol>
2211** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2212** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2213** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2214**
2215** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2216** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2217** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2218** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2219** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2220** features include but are not limited to the following:
2221** <ul>
2222** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2223** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2224** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2225** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2226** </ul>
2227** </dd>
2228**
2229** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2230** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2231** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2232** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2233** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2234** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2235** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2236** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2237** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2238** </dd>
2239**
2240** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2241** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2242** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2243** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2244** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2245** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2246** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2247** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2248** </dd>
2249**
2250** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2251** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2252** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2253** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2254** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2255** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2256** compile-time option.
2257** </dd>
2258**
2259** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2260** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2261** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2262** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2263** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2264** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2265** compile-time option.
2266** </dd>
2267**
2268** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_UNSAFE_FUNC_IN_VIEW]]
2269** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_UNSAFE_FUNC_IN_VIEW</td>
2270** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_UNSAFE_FUNC_IN_VIEW option activates or deactivates
2271** the ability to use SQL functions that have side-effects inside of
2272** triggers and views.  For legacy compatibility, this setting defaults
2273** to "on".  Applications that are operating on untrusted database files
2274** are advised to change this setting to "off".  When this setting is on,
2275** only functions that have no side effects are usable inside of views.
2276** This prevents an attacker from modifying the schema of a database so
2277** that views and/or triggers with undesirable side-effects are run when
2278** the application innocently tries to access what it thinks is an ordinary
2279** table.
2280** </dd>
2281**
2282** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_VTAB_IN_VIEW]]
2283** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_VTAB_IN_VIEW</td>
2284** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_VTAB_IN_VIEW option activates or deactivates
2285** the ability to use [virtual tables] inside of triggers and views.
2286** For legacy compatibility, this setting defaults
2287** to "on".  Applications that are operating on untrusted database files
2288** are advised to change this setting to "off".  Turning this setting off
2289** prevents an attacker from modifying the schema of a database so
2290** that views and/or triggers with undesirable side-effects are run when
2291** the application innocently tries to access what it thinks is an ordinary
2292** table.
2293** </dd>
2294**
2295** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2296** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2297** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2298** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2299** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2300** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2301** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2302** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2303** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2304** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2305** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2306** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2307** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2308** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2309** 3.0.0.
2310** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2311** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2312** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2313** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2314** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2315** </dd>
2316** </dl>
2317*/
2318#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2319#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2320#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2321#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2322#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2323#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2324#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2325#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2326#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2327#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2328#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2329#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2330#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2331#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2332#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2333#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2334#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2335#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_UNSAFE_FUNC_IN_VIEW   1017 /* int int* */
2336#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_VTAB_IN_VIEW          1018 /* int int* */
2337#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1018 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2338
2339/*
2340** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2341** METHOD: sqlite3
2342**
2343** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2344** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2345** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2346*/
2347int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2348
2349/*
2350** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2351** METHOD: sqlite3
2352**
2353** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2354** has a unique 64-bit signed
2355** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2356** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2357** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2358** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2359** is another alias for the rowid.
2360**
2361** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2362** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2363** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2364** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2365** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2366** zero.
2367**
2368** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2369** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2370** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2371**
2372** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2373** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2374** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2375** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2376** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2377** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2378** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2379** control to the user.
2380**
2381** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2382** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2383** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2384** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2385**
2386** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2387** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2388** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2389** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2390** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2391** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2392** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2393** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2394** the return value of this interface.)^
2395**
2396** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2397** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2398**
2399** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2400** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2401**
2402** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2403** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2404** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2405** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2406** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2407** last insert [rowid].
2408*/
2409sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2410
2411/*
2412** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2413** METHOD: sqlite3
2414**
2415** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2416** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2417** without inserting a row into the database.
2418*/
2419void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2420
2421/*
2422** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2423** METHOD: sqlite3
2424**
2425** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2426** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2427** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2428** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2429** returned by this function.
2430**
2431** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2432** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2433** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2434**
2435** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2436** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2437** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2438** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2439** tables are counted.
2440**
2441** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2442** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2443** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2444** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2445**
2446** <ul>
2447**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2448**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2449**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2450**
2451**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2452**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2453**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2454**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2455**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2456** </ul>
2457**
2458** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2459** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2460** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2461** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2462** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2463** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2464**
2465** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2466** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2467** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2468**
2469** See also:
2470** <ul>
2471** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2472** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2473** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2474** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2475** </ul>
2476*/
2477int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2478
2479/*
2480** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2481** METHOD: sqlite3
2482**
2483** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2484** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2485** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2486** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2487** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2488**
2489** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2490** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2491** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2492** are not counted.
2493**
2494** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2495** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2496** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2497** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2498** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2499** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2500**
2501** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2502** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2503** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2504**
2505** See also:
2506** <ul>
2507** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2508** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2509** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2510** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2511** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2512** </ul>
2513*/
2514int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2515
2516/*
2517** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2518** METHOD: sqlite3
2519**
2520** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2521** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2522** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2523** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2524** immediately.
2525**
2526** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2527** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2528** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2529** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2530**
2531** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2532** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2533** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2534**
2535** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2536** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2537** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2538** will be rolled back automatically.
2539**
2540** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2541** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2542** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2543** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2544** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2545** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2546** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2547** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2548** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2549** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2550*/
2551void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2552
2553/*
2554** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2555**
2556** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2557** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2558** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2559** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2560** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2561** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2562** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2563** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2564** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2565** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2566** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2567**
2568** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2569** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2570**
2571** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2572** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2573**
2574** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2575** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2576** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2577** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2578** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2579**
2580** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2581** UTF-8 string.
2582**
2583** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2584** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2585*/
2586int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2587int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2588
2589/*
2590** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2591** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2592** METHOD: sqlite3
2593**
2594** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2595** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2596** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2597** [database connection] D when another thread
2598** or process has the table locked.
2599** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2600** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2601**
2602** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2603** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2604** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2605**
2606** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2607** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2608** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2609** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2610** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2611** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2612** to the application.
2613** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2614** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2615**
2616** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2617** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2618** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2619** to the application instead of invoking the
2620** busy handler.
2621** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2622** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2623** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2624** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2625** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2626** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2627** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2628** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2629** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2630** the second process to proceed.
2631**
2632** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2633**
2634** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2635** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2636** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2637** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2638** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2639**
2640** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2641** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2642** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2643** result in undefined behavior.
2644**
2645** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2646** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2647*/
2648int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2649
2650/*
2651** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2652** METHOD: sqlite3
2653**
2654** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2655** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2656** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2657** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2658** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2659** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2660**
2661** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2662** turns off all busy handlers.
2663**
2664** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2665** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2666** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2667** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2668**
2669** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2670*/
2671int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2672
2673/*
2674** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2675** METHOD: sqlite3
2676**
2677** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2678** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2679**
2680** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2681** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2682** complete query results from one or more queries.
2683**
2684** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2685** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2686** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2687** and M be the number of columns.
2688**
2689** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2690** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2691** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2692** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2693** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2694** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2695**
2696** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2697** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2698** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2699**
2700** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2701** is as follows:
2702**
2703** <blockquote><pre>
2704**        Name        | Age
2705**        -----------------------
2706**        Alice       | 43
2707**        Bob         | 28
2708**        Cindy       | 21
2709** </pre></blockquote>
2710**
2711** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2712** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2713** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2714**
2715** <blockquote><pre>
2716**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2717**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2718**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2719**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2720**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2721**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2722**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2723**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2724** </pre></blockquote>)^
2725**
2726** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2727** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2728** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2729** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2730**
2731** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2732** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2733** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2734** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2735** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2736** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2737**
2738** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2739** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2740** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2741** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2742** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2743** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2744** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2745*/
2746int sqlite3_get_table(
2747  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2748  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2749  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2750  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2751  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2752  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2753);
2754void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2755
2756/*
2757** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2758**
2759** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2760** from the standard C library.
2761** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2762** the standard library printf()
2763** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2764** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2765**
2766** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2767** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2768** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2769** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2770** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2771** memory to hold the resulting string.
2772**
2773** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2774** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2775** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2776** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2777** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2778** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2779** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2780** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2781** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2782** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2783** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2784** now without breaking compatibility.
2785**
2786** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2787** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2788** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2789** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2790** written will be n-1 characters.
2791**
2792** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2793**
2794** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2795*/
2796char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2797char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2798char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2799char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2800
2801/*
2802** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2803**
2804** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2805** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2806** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2807** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2808**
2809** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2810** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2811** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2812** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2813** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2814** a NULL pointer.
2815**
2816** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2817** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2818** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2819**
2820** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2821** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2822** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2823** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2824** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2825** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2826** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2827** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2828** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2829** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2830**
2831** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2832** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2833** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2834** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2835** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2836** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2837** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2838** sqlite3_free(X).
2839** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2840** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2841** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2842** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2843** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2844** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2845** prior allocation is not freed.
2846**
2847** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2848** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2849** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2850**
2851** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2852** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2853** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2854** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2855** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2856** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2857** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2858** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2859** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2860**
2861** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2862** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2863** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2864** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2865** option is used.
2866**
2867** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2868** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2869** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2870** not yet been released.
2871**
2872** The application must not read or write any part of
2873** a block of memory after it has been released using
2874** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2875*/
2876void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2877void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2878void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2879void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2880void sqlite3_free(void*);
2881sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2882
2883/*
2884** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2885**
2886** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2887** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2888** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2889**
2890** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2891** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2892** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2893** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2894** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2895** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2896** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2897** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2898** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2899**
2900** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2901** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2902** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2903** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2904** prior to the reset.
2905*/
2906sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2907sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2908
2909/*
2910** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2911**
2912** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2913** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2914** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2915** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2916** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2917**
2918** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2919** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2920**
2921** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2922** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2923** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2924** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2925** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2926** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2927** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2928** method.
2929*/
2930void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2931
2932/*
2933** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2934** METHOD: sqlite3
2935** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2936**
2937** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2938** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2939** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2940** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2941** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2942** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2943** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2944** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2945** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2946** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2947** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2948** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2949** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2950** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2951** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2952** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2953**
2954** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2955** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2956** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2957** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2958** access is denied.
2959**
2960** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2961** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2962** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2963** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2964** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2965** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2966** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2967** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2968**
2969** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2970** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2971** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2972** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2973** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2974** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2975** columns of a table.
2976** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2977** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2978** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2979** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2980** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2981** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2982** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2983**
2984** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2985** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2986** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2987** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2988** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2989** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2990** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2991** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2992** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2993** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2994**
2995** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2996** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2997** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2998** in addition to using an authorizer.
2999**
3000** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3001** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3002** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3003** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3004**
3005** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3006** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3007** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3008** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3009**
3010** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3011** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3012** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3013** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3014**
3015** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3016** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3017** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3018** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3019** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3020*/
3021int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3022  sqlite3*,
3023  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3024  void *pUserData
3025);
3026
3027/*
3028** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3029**
3030** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3031** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3032** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3033** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3034** information.
3035**
3036** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3037** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3038*/
3039#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3040#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3041
3042/*
3043** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3044**
3045** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3046** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3047** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3048** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3049** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3050**
3051** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3052** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3053** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3054** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3055** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3056** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3057** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3058** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3059** top-level SQL code.
3060*/
3061/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3062#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3063#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3064#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3065#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3066#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3067#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3068#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3069#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3070#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3071#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3072#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3073#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3074#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3075#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3076#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3077#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3078#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3079#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3080#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3081#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3082#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3083#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3084#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3085#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3086#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3087#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3088#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3089#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3090#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3091#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3092#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3093#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3094#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3095#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3096
3097/*
3098** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3099** METHOD: sqlite3
3100**
3101** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3102** instead of the routines described here.
3103**
3104** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3105** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3106**
3107** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3108** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3109** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3110** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3111** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3112** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3113** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3114**
3115** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3116** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3117**
3118** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3119** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3120** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3121** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3122** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3123** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3124** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3125** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3126** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3127** profile callback.
3128*/
3129SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3130   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3131SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3132   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3133
3134/*
3135** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3136** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3137**
3138** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3139** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3140** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3141** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3142** is one of the following constants.
3143**
3144** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3145**
3146** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3147** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3148** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3149** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3150** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3151**
3152** <dl>
3153** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3154** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3155** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3156** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3157** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3158** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3159** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3160** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3161** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3162** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3163** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3164**
3165** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3166** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3167** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3168** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3169** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3170** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3171** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3172**
3173** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3174** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3175** statement generates a single row of result.
3176** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3177** X argument is unused.
3178**
3179** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3180** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3181** connection closes.
3182** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3183** and the X argument is unused.
3184** </dl>
3185*/
3186#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3187#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3188#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3189#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3190
3191/*
3192** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3193** METHOD: sqlite3
3194**
3195** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3196** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3197** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3198** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3199** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3200** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3201**
3202** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3203** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3204**
3205** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3206** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3207** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3208** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3209**
3210** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3211** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3212** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3213** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3214** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3215**
3216** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3217** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3218** are deprecated.
3219*/
3220int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3221  sqlite3*,
3222  unsigned uMask,
3223  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3224  void *pCtx
3225);
3226
3227/*
3228** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3229** METHOD: sqlite3
3230**
3231** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3232** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3233** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3234** database connection D.  An example use for this
3235** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3236**
3237** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3238** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3239** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3240** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3241** handler is disabled.
3242**
3243** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3244** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3245** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3246** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3247** than 1.
3248**
3249** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3250** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3251** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3252**
3253** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3254** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3255** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3256** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3257**
3258*/
3259void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3260
3261/*
3262** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3263** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3264**
3265** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3266** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3267** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3268** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3269** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3270** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3271** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3272** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3273** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3274** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3275** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3276** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3277**
3278** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3279** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3280** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3281**
3282** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3283** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3284** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3285**
3286** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3287** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3288** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3289** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3290** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3291** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3292** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3293**
3294** <dl>
3295** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3296** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3297** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3298**
3299** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3300** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3301** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3302** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3303**
3304** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3305** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3306** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3307** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3308** </dl>
3309**
3310** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3311** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3312** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3313** then the behavior is undefined.
3314**
3315** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3316** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3317** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3318** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3319** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3320** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3321** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3322** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3323** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3324** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3325** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3326**
3327** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3328** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3329** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3330** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3331**
3332** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3333** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3334** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3335** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3336** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3337** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3338** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3339**
3340** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3341** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3342** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3343**
3344** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3345**
3346** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3347** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3348** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3349** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3350** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3351** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3352** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3353** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3354** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3355** information.
3356**
3357** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3358** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3359** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3360** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3361** present, is ignored.
3362**
3363** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3364** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3365** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3366** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3367** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3368** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3369** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3370**
3371** [[core URI query parameters]]
3372** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3373** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3374** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3375** following query parameters:
3376**
3377** <ul>
3378**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3379**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3380**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3381**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3382**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3383**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3384**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3385**
3386**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3387**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3388**     an error)^.
3389**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3390**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3391**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3392**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3393**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3394**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3395**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3396**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3397**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3398**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3399**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3400**
3401**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3402**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3403**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3404**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3405**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3406**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3407**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3408**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3409**
3410**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3411**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3412**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3413**
3414**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3415**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3416**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3417**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3418**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3419**     processes uses nolock=1.
3420**
3421**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3422**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3423**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3424**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3425**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3426**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3427**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3428**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3429**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3430**
3431** </ul>
3432**
3433** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3434** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3435** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3436** additional information.
3437**
3438** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3439**
3440** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3441** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3442** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3443**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3444** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3445**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3446**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3447**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3448** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3449**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3450** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3451**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3452**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3453**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3454**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3455**          in URI filenames.
3456** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3457**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3458**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3459**          default, use a private cache.
3460** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3461**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3462**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3463** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3464**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3465** </table>
3466**
3467** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3468** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3469** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3470** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3471** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3472** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3473** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3474** the results are undefined.
3475**
3476** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3477** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3478** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3479** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3480** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3481**
3482** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3483** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3484** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3485**
3486** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3487*/
3488int sqlite3_open(
3489  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3490  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3491);
3492int sqlite3_open16(
3493  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3494  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3495);
3496int sqlite3_open_v2(
3497  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3498  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3499  int flags,              /* Flags */
3500  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3501);
3502
3503/*
3504** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3505**
3506** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3507** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3508** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3509**
3510** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3511** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3512** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3513** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3514** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3515** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3516** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3517** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3518** a pointer to an empty string.
3519**
3520** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3521** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3522** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3523** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3524** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3525** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3526** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3527** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3528** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3529** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3530**
3531** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3532** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3533** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3534** zero is returned.
3535**
3536** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3537** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3538** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3539** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3540** undesirable.
3541**
3542** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3543*/
3544const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3545int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3546sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3547
3548
3549/*
3550** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3551** METHOD: sqlite3
3552**
3553** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3554** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3555** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3556** API call.
3557** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3558** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3559** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3560** disabled.
3561**
3562** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3563** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3564** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3565** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3566** interfaces are:
3567**
3568** <ul>
3569** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3570** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3571** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3572** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3573** </ul>
3574**
3575** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3576** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3577** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3578** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3579** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3580** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3581**
3582** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3583** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3584** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3585** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3586**
3587** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3588** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3589** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3590** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3591** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3592** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3593** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3594** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3595** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3596**
3597** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3598** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3599** error code and message may or may not be set.
3600*/
3601int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3602int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3603const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3604const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3605const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3606
3607/*
3608** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3609** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3610**
3611** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3612** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3613**
3614** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3615** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3616** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3617** prepared statement before it can be run.
3618**
3619** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3620**
3621** <ol>
3622** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3623** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3624**      interfaces.
3625** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3626** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3627**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3628** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3629** </ol>
3630*/
3631typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3632
3633/*
3634** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3635** METHOD: sqlite3
3636**
3637** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3638** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3639** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3640** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3641** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3642** new limit for that construct.)^
3643**
3644** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3645** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3646** [limits | hard upper bound]
3647** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3648** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3649** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3650** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3651** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3652**
3653** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3654** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3655** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3656** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3657**
3658** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3659** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3660** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3661** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3662** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3663** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3664** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3665** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3666** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3667** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3668** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3669** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3670**
3671** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3672*/
3673int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3674
3675/*
3676** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3677** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3678**
3679** These constants define various performance limits
3680** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3681** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3682** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3683**
3684** <dl>
3685** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3686** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3687**
3688** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3689** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3690**
3691** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3692** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3693** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3694** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3695**
3696** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3697** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3698**
3699** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3700** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3701**
3702** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3703** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3704** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3705** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3706** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3707**
3708** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3709** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3710**
3711** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3712** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3713**
3714** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3715** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3716** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3717** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3718**
3719** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3720** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3721** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3722**
3723** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3724** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3725**
3726** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3727** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3728** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3729** </dl>
3730*/
3731#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3732#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3733#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3734#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3735#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3736#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3737#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3738#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3739#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3740#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3741#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3742#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3743
3744/*
3745** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3746**
3747** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3748** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3749** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3750**
3751** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3752**
3753** <dl>
3754** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3755** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3756** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3757** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3758** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3759** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3760** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3761** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3762** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3763** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3764**
3765** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3766** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
3767** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
3768** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
3769** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
3770** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
3771** flag.
3772**
3773** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
3774** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
3775** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
3776** any virtual tables.
3777** </dl>
3778*/
3779#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3780#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3781#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
3782
3783/*
3784** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3785** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3786** METHOD: sqlite3
3787** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3788**
3789** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3790** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3791** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3792**
3793** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3794** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3795** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3796** for special purposes.
3797**
3798** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3799** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3800** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3801** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3802**
3803** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3804** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3805** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3806**
3807** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3808** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3809** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3810** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3811** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3812**
3813** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3814** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3815** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3816** statement is generated.
3817** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3818** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3819** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3820** the nul-terminator.
3821**
3822** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3823** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3824** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3825** what remains uncompiled.
3826**
3827** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3828** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3829** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3830** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3831** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3832** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3833** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3834**
3835** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3836** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3837**
3838** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3839** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3840** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3841** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3842** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3843** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3844** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3845** behave differently in three ways:
3846**
3847** <ol>
3848** <li>
3849** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3850** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3851** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3852** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3853** </li>
3854**
3855** <li>
3856** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3857** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3858** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3859** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3860** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3861** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3862** </li>
3863**
3864** <li>
3865** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
3866** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3867** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3868** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3869** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3870** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3871** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3872** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3873** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
3874** </li>
3875** </ol>
3876**
3877** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3878** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3879** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3880** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3881** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3882*/
3883int sqlite3_prepare(
3884  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3885  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3886  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3887  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3888  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3889);
3890int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3891  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3892  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3893  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3894  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3895  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3896);
3897int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3898  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3899  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3900  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3901  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3902  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3903  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3904);
3905int sqlite3_prepare16(
3906  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3907  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3908  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3909  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3910  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3911);
3912int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3913  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3914  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3915  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3916  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3917  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3918);
3919int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3920  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3921  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3922  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3923  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3924  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3925  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3926);
3927
3928/*
3929** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3930** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3931**
3932** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3933** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3934** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3935** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3936** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3937** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3938** [bound parameters] expanded.
3939** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3940** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
3941** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
3942** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
3943** placeholders.
3944**
3945** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3946** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3947** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3948** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3949** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3950**
3951** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3952** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3953** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3954**
3955** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3956** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3957** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3958**
3959** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
3960** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
3961** statement is finalized.
3962** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3963** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3964** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3965*/
3966const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3967char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3968const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3969
3970/*
3971** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3972** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3973**
3974** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3975** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3976** the content of the database file.
3977**
3978** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3979** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3980** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3981** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3982** change the database file through side-effects:
3983**
3984** <blockquote><pre>
3985**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3986** </pre></blockquote>
3987**
3988** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3989** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3990**
3991** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3992** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3993** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3994** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3995** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3996** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3997** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3998** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3999** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4000** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4001** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4002** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4003*/
4004int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4005
4006/*
4007** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4008** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4009**
4010** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4011** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4012** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4013** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4014** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4015*/
4016int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4017
4018/*
4019** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4020** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4021**
4022** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4023** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4024** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4025** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4026** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4027** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4028** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4029** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4030**
4031** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4032** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4033** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4034** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4035** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4036*/
4037int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4038
4039/*
4040** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4041** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4042**
4043** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4044** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4045** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4046** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4047**
4048** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4049** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4050** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4051** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4052** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4053** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4054** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4055**
4056** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4057** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4058** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4059** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4060** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4061** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4062** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4063** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4064** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4065** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4066** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4067** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4068**
4069** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4070** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4071** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4072** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4073** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4074** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4075** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4076** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4077** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4078*/
4079typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4080
4081/*
4082** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4083**
4084** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4085** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4086** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4087** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4088** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4089** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4090** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4091** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4092*/
4093typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4094
4095/*
4096** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4097** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4098** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4099** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4100**
4101** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4102** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4103** templates:
4104**
4105** <ul>
4106** <li>  ?
4107** <li>  ?NNN
4108** <li>  :VVV
4109** <li>  @VVV
4110** <li>  $VVV
4111** </ul>
4112**
4113** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4114** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4115** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4116** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4117**
4118** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4119** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4120** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4121**
4122** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4123** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4124** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4125** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4126** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4127** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4128** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4129** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4130** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
4131**
4132** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4133** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4134** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4135** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4136**
4137** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4138** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4139** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4140** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4141** is negative, then the length of the string is
4142** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4143** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4144** the behavior is undefined.
4145** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4146** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4147** that parameter must be the byte offset
4148** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4149** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
4150** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4151** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4152** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4153**
4154** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
4155** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
4156** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
4157** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
4158** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
4159** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4160** ^If the fifth argument is
4161** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
4162** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
4163** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
4164** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
4165** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
4166**
4167** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4168** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4169** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4170** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4171** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4172** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4173** is undefined.
4174**
4175** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4176** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4177** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4178** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4179** content is later written using
4180** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4181** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4182**
4183** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4184** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4185** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4186** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4187** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4188** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4189** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4190** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4191**
4192** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4193** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4194** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4195** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4196** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4197** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4198**
4199** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4200** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4201**
4202** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4203** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4204** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4205** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4206** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4207** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4208** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4209**
4210** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4211** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4212*/
4213int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4214int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4215                        void(*)(void*));
4216int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4217int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4218int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4219int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4220int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4221int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4222int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4223                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4224int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4225int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4226int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4227int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4228
4229/*
4230** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4231** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4232**
4233** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4234** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4235** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4236** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4237** to the parameters at a later time.
4238**
4239** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4240** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4241** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4242** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4243**
4244** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4245** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4246** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4247*/
4248int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4249
4250/*
4251** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4252** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4253**
4254** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4255** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4256** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4257** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4258** respectively.
4259** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4260** is included as part of the name.)^
4261** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4262** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4263**
4264** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4265**
4266** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4267** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4268** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4269** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4270** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4271**
4272** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4273** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4274** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4275*/
4276const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4277
4278/*
4279** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4280** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4281**
4282** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4283** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4284** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4285** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4286** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4287** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4288** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4289**
4290** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4291** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4292** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4293*/
4294int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4295
4296/*
4297** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4298** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4299**
4300** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4301** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4302** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4303*/
4304int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4305
4306/*
4307** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4308** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4309**
4310** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4311** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4312** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4313** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4314** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4315** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4316** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4317**
4318** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4319*/
4320int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4321
4322/*
4323** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4324** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4325**
4326** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4327** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4328** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4329** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4330** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4331** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4332** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4333**
4334** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4335** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4336** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4337** or until the next call to
4338** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4339**
4340** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4341** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4342** NULL pointer is returned.
4343**
4344** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4345** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4346** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4347** one release of SQLite to the next.
4348*/
4349const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4350const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4351
4352/*
4353** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4354** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4355**
4356** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4357** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4358** [SELECT] statement.
4359** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4360** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4361** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4362** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4363** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4364** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4365** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4366** or until the same information is requested
4367** again in a different encoding.
4368**
4369** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4370** database, table, and column.
4371**
4372** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4373** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4374** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4375** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4376**
4377** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4378** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4379** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4380** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4381** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4382**
4383** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4384** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4385**
4386** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4387** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4388**
4389** If two or more threads call one or more
4390** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4391** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4392** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4393*/
4394const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4395const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4396const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4397const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4398const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4399const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4400
4401/*
4402** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4403** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4404**
4405** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4406** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4407** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4408** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4409** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4410** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4411** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4412**
4413** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4414**
4415** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4416**
4417** and the following statement to be compiled:
4418**
4419** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4420**
4421** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4422** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4423**
4424** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4425** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4426** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4427** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4428** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4429** used to hold those values.
4430*/
4431const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4432const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4433
4434/*
4435** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4436** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4437**
4438** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4439** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4440** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4441** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4442** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4443**
4444** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4445** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4446** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4447** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4448** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4449** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4450** interface will continue to be supported.
4451**
4452** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4453** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4454** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4455** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4456**
4457** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4458** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4459** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4460** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4461** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4462** continuing.
4463**
4464** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4465** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4466** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4467** machine back to its initial state.
4468**
4469** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4470** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4471** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4472** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4473**
4474** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4475** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4476** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4477** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4478** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4479** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4480** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4481** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4482**
4483** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4484** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4485** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4486** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4487** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4488** more threads at the same moment in time.
4489**
4490** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4491** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4492** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4493** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4494** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4495** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4496** sqlite3_step() began
4497** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4498** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4499** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4500** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4501** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4502**
4503** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4504** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4505** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4506** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4507** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4508** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4509** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4510** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4511** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4512** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4513** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4514** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4515*/
4516int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4517
4518/*
4519** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4520** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4521**
4522** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4523** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4524** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4525** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4526** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4527** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4528** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4529** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4530** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4531** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4532** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4533** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4534**
4535** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4536*/
4537int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4538
4539/*
4540** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4541** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4542**
4543** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4544**
4545** <ul>
4546** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4547** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4548** <li> string
4549** <li> BLOB
4550** <li> NULL
4551** </ul>)^
4552**
4553** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4554**
4555** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4556** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4557** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4558** SQLITE_TEXT.
4559*/
4560#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4561#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4562#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4563#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4564#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4565# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4566#else
4567# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4568#endif
4569#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4570
4571/*
4572** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4573** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4574** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4575**
4576** <b>Summary:</b>
4577** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4578** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4579** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4580** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4581** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4582** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4583** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4584** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4585** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4586** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4587** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4588** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4589** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4590** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4591** TEXT in bytes
4592** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4593** datatype of the result
4594** </table></blockquote>
4595**
4596** <b>Details:</b>
4597**
4598** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4599** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4600** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4601** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4602** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4603** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4604** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4605** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4606**
4607** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4608** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4609** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4610** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4611** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4612** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4613** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4614** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4615** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4616** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4617** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4618**
4619** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4620** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4621** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4622** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4623** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4624**
4625** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4626** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4627** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4628** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4629** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4630** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4631** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4632** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4633** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4634** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4635** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4636** following a type conversion.
4637**
4638** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4639** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4640** of that BLOB or string.
4641**
4642** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4643** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4644** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4645** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4646** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4647** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4648** the number of bytes in that string.
4649** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4650**
4651** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4652** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4653** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4654** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4655** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4656** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4657** the number of bytes in that string.
4658** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4659**
4660** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4661** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4662** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4663** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4664** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4665**
4666** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4667** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4668** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4669**
4670** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4671** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4672** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4673** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4674** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4675** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4676** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4677** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4678** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4679** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4680** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4681** top-level application code.
4682**
4683** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4684** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4685** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4686** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4687** that are applied:
4688**
4689** <blockquote>
4690** <table border="1">
4691** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4692**
4693** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4694** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4695** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4696** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4697** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4698** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4699** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4700** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4701** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4702** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4703** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4704** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4705** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4706** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4707** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4708** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4709** </table>
4710** </blockquote>)^
4711**
4712** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4713** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4714** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4715** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4716** in the following cases:
4717**
4718** <ul>
4719** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4720**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4721**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4722** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4723**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4724**      to UTF-16.</li>
4725** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4726**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4727**      to UTF-8.</li>
4728** </ul>
4729**
4730** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4731** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4732** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4733** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4734** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4735**
4736** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4737** in one of the following ways:
4738**
4739** <ul>
4740**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4741**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4742**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4743** </ul>
4744**
4745** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4746** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4747** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4748** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4749** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4750** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4751** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4752**
4753** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4754** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4755** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4756** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4757** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4758** [sqlite3_free()].
4759**
4760** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4761** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4762** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4763** errors:
4764**
4765** <ul>
4766** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4767** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4768** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4769** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4770** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4771** </ul>
4772**
4773** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4774** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4775** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4776** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4777** return value is obtained and before any
4778** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4779*/
4780const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4781double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4782int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4783sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4784const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4785const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4786sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4787int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4788int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4789int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4790
4791/*
4792** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4793** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4794**
4795** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4796** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4797** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4798** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4799** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4800** [extended error code].
4801**
4802** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4803** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4804** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4805** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4806** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4807** completed execution.
4808**
4809** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4810**
4811** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4812** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4813** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4814** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4815** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4816*/
4817int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4818
4819/*
4820** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4821** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4822**
4823** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4824** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4825** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4826** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4827** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4828**
4829** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4830** back to the beginning of its program.
4831**
4832** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4833** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4834** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4835** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4836**
4837** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4838** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4839** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4840**
4841** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4842** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4843*/
4844int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4845
4846/*
4847** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4848** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4849** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4850** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4851** METHOD: sqlite3
4852**
4853** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4854** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4855** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
4856** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
4857** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
4858** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4859** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
4860** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
4861** needed by [aggregate window functions].
4862**
4863** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4864** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4865** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4866** to each database connection separately.
4867**
4868** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4869** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4870** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4871** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4872** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4873** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4874**
4875** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4876** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4877** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4878** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4879** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4880** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4881** undefined.
4882**
4883** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4884** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4885** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4886** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4887** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4888** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4889** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4890** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4891** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4892** each encoding.
4893** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4894** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4895**
4896** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4897** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4898** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4899** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4900** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4901** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4902** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4903**
4904** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
4905** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
4906** within VIEWs or TRIGGERs.  For security reasons, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
4907** flag is recommended for any application-defined SQL function that has
4908** side-effects.
4909**
4910** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4911** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4912**
4913** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
4914** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4915** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4916** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4917** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4918** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4919** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4920** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4921** callbacks.
4922**
4923** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
4924** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
4925** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
4926** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
4927** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
4928** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
4929** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
4930** of aggregate window functions are
4931** [user-defined window functions|available here].
4932**
4933** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
4934** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
4935** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
4936** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
4937** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4938** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
4939** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
4940** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4941**
4942** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4943** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4944** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4945** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4946** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4947** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4948** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4949** matches the database encoding is a better
4950** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4951** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4952** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4953** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4954**
4955** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4956**
4957** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4958** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4959** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4960** statement in which the function is running.
4961*/
4962int sqlite3_create_function(
4963  sqlite3 *db,
4964  const char *zFunctionName,
4965  int nArg,
4966  int eTextRep,
4967  void *pApp,
4968  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4969  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4970  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4971);
4972int sqlite3_create_function16(
4973  sqlite3 *db,
4974  const void *zFunctionName,
4975  int nArg,
4976  int eTextRep,
4977  void *pApp,
4978  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4979  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4980  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4981);
4982int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4983  sqlite3 *db,
4984  const char *zFunctionName,
4985  int nArg,
4986  int eTextRep,
4987  void *pApp,
4988  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4989  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4990  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4991  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4992);
4993int sqlite3_create_window_function(
4994  sqlite3 *db,
4995  const char *zFunctionName,
4996  int nArg,
4997  int eTextRep,
4998  void *pApp,
4999  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5000  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5001  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5002  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5003  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5004);
5005
5006/*
5007** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5008**
5009** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5010** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5011*/
5012#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5013#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5014#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5015#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5016#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5017#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5018
5019/*
5020** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5021**
5022** These constants may be ORed together with the
5023** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5024** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5025** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5026**
5027** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5028** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5029** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5030** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5031** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5032** [CHECK constraints] or [generated columns].  SQLite might also optimize
5033** deterministic functions by factoring them out of inner loops.
5034**
5035** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the new function is unlikely
5036** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5037** no side effects and consume few resources. The [abs|abs() function]
5038** is an example of an innocuous function.
5039** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5040** side effects.  Some heightened security settings
5041** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_UNSAFE_FUNC_IN_VIEW])
5042** disable the use of SQLlfunctions inside views and triggers unless
5043** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5044** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5045** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5046** function is specifically intended for use inside of views and triggers.
5047**
5048** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5049** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs.  This is
5050** a security feature which is recommended for all
5051** [application-defined SQL functions] that have side-effects.  This flag
5052** prevents an attacker from adding triggers and views to a schema then
5053** tricking a high-privilege application into causing unintended side-effects
5054** while performing ordinary queries.
5055**
5056** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5057** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5058** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5059** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5060** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5061** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5062** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5063*/
5064#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5065#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5066#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5067#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5068
5069/*
5070** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5071** DEPRECATED
5072**
5073** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5074** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5075** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5076** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5077** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5078*/
5079#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5080SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5081SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5082SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5083SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5084SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5085SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5086                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5087#endif
5088
5089/*
5090** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5091** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5092**
5093** <b>Summary:</b>
5094** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5095** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5096** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5097** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5098** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5099** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5100** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5101** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5102** the native byteorder
5103** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5104** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5105** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5106** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5107** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5108** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5109** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5110** TEXT in bytes
5111** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5112** datatype of the value
5113** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5114** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5115** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5116** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5117** against a virtual table.
5118** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5119** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5120** </table></blockquote>
5121**
5122** <b>Details:</b>
5123**
5124** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5125** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5126** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5127** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5128**
5129** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5130** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5131** is not threadsafe.
5132**
5133** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5134** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5135** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5136**
5137** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5138** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5139** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5140** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5141**
5142** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5143** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5144** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5145** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5146** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5147** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5148**
5149** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5150** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5151** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5152** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5153** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5154** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5155** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5156** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5157** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5158** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5159**
5160** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5161** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5162** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5163** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5164** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5165** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5166** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5167**
5168** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5169** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5170** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5171** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5172** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5173** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5174** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5175** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5176** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5177** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5178** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5179** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5180**
5181** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5182** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5183** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5184** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5185**
5186** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5187** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5188** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5189** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5190** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5191**
5192** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5193** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5194**
5195** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5196** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5197** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5198** errors:
5199**
5200** <ul>
5201** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5202** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5203** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5204** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5205** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5206** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5207** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5208** </ul>
5209**
5210** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5211** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5212** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5213** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5214** return value is obtained and before any
5215** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5216*/
5217const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5218double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5219int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5220sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5221void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5222const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5223const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5224const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5225const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5226int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5227int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5228int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5229int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5230int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5231int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5232
5233/*
5234** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5235** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5236**
5237** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5238** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5239** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5240** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5241** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5242*/
5243unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5244
5245/*
5246** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5247** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5248**
5249** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5250** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5251** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5252** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5253** memory allocation fails.
5254**
5255** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5256** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5257** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5258*/
5259sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5260void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5261
5262/*
5263** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5264** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5265**
5266** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5267** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5268**
5269** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5270** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5271** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5272** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5273** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5274** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5275** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5276** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5277** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5278** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5279** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5280** first time from within xFinal().)^
5281**
5282** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5283** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5284** allocate error occurs.
5285**
5286** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5287** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5288** value of N in any subsequents call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5289** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5290** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5291** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5292** pointless memory allocations occur.
5293**
5294** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5295** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5296**
5297** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5298** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5299** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5300** function.
5301**
5302** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5303** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5304*/
5305void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5306
5307/*
5308** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5309** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5310**
5311** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5312** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5313** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5314** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5315** registered the application defined function.
5316**
5317** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5318** the application-defined function is running.
5319*/
5320void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5321
5322/*
5323** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5324** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5325**
5326** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5327** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5328** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5329** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5330** registered the application defined function.
5331*/
5332sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5333
5334/*
5335** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5336** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5337**
5338** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5339** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5340** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5341** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5342** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5343** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5344** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5345** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5346** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5347** invocations of the same function.
5348**
5349** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5350** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5351** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5352** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5353** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5354** returns a NULL pointer.
5355**
5356** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5357** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5358** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5359** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5360** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5361** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5362** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5363** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5364** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5365** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5366** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5367**      SQL statement)^, or
5368** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5369**       parameter)^, or
5370** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5371**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5372**
5373** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5374** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5375** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5376** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5377** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5378** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5379**
5380** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5381** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5382** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5383**
5384** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5385** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5386** kinds of function caching behavior.
5387**
5388** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5389** the SQL function is running.
5390*/
5391void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5392void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5393
5394
5395/*
5396** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5397**
5398** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5399** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5400** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5401** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5402** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5403** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5404** the content before returning.
5405**
5406** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5407** C++ compilers.
5408*/
5409typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5410#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5411#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5412
5413/*
5414** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5415** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5416**
5417** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5418** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5419** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5420** for additional information.
5421**
5422** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5423** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5424** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5425**
5426** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5427** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5428** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5429** third parameter.
5430**
5431** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5432** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5433** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5434**
5435** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5436** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5437** by its 2nd argument.
5438**
5439** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5440** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5441** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5442** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5443** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5444** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5445** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5446** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5447** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5448** message all text up through the first zero character.
5449** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5450** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5451** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5452** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5453** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5454** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5455** modify the text after they return without harm.
5456** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5457** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5458** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5459** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5460**
5461** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5462** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5463**
5464** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5465** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5466**
5467** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5468** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5469** value given in the 2nd argument.
5470** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5471** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5472** value given in the 2nd argument.
5473**
5474** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5475** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5476**
5477** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5478** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5479** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5480** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5481** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5482** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5483** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5484** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5485** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5486** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5487** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5488** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5489** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5490** through the first zero character.
5491** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5492** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5493** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5494** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5495** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5496** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5497** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5498** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5499** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5500** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5501** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5502** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5503** finished using that result.
5504** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5505** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5506** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5507** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5508** when it has finished using that result.
5509** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5510** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5511** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5512** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5513**
5514** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5515** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5516** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5517** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5518** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5519** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5520** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5521** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5522** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5523**
5524** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5525** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5526** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5527** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5528** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5529** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5530** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5531** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5532** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5533** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5534**
5535** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5536** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5537** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5538*/
5539void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5540void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5541                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5542void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5543void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5544void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5545void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5546void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5547void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5548void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5549void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5550void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5551void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5552void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5553                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5554void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5555void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5556void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5557void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5558void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5559void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5560int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5561
5562
5563/*
5564** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5565** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5566**
5567** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5568** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5569** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5570** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5571** higher order bits are discarded.
5572** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5573** in future releases of SQLite.
5574*/
5575void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5576
5577/*
5578** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5579** METHOD: sqlite3
5580**
5581** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5582** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5583**
5584** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5585** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5586** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5587** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5588** considered to be the same name.
5589**
5590** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5591** <ul>
5592** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5593** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5594** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5595** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5596** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5597** </ul>)^
5598** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5599** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5600** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5601** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5602** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5603** on an even byte address.
5604**
5605** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5606** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5607**
5608** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5609** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5610** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5611** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5612** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5613** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5614** that collation is no longer usable.
5615**
5616** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5617** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5618** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5619** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5620** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5621** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5622** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5623** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5624** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5625** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5626** strings A, B, and C:
5627**
5628** <ol>
5629** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5630** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5631** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5632** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5633** </ol>
5634**
5635** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5636** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5637** is undefined.
5638**
5639** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5640** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5641** the collating function is deleted.
5642** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5643** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5644** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5645**
5646** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5647** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5648** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5649** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5650** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5651** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5652** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5653** compatibility.
5654**
5655** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5656*/
5657int sqlite3_create_collation(
5658  sqlite3*,
5659  const char *zName,
5660  int eTextRep,
5661  void *pArg,
5662  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5663);
5664int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5665  sqlite3*,
5666  const char *zName,
5667  int eTextRep,
5668  void *pArg,
5669  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5670  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5671);
5672int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5673  sqlite3*,
5674  const void *zName,
5675  int eTextRep,
5676  void *pArg,
5677  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5678);
5679
5680/*
5681** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5682** METHOD: sqlite3
5683**
5684** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5685** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5686** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5687** sequence is required.
5688**
5689** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5690** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5691** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5692** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5693** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5694**
5695** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5696** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5697** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5698** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5699** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5700** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5701** required collation sequence.)^
5702**
5703** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5704** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5705** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5706*/
5707int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5708  sqlite3*,
5709  void*,
5710  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5711);
5712int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5713  sqlite3*,
5714  void*,
5715  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5716);
5717
5718#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5719/*
5720** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5721** called right after sqlite3_open().
5722**
5723** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5724** of SQLite.
5725*/
5726int sqlite3_key(
5727  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5728  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5729);
5730int sqlite3_key_v2(
5731  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5732  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5733  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5734);
5735
5736/*
5737** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5738** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5739** database is decrypted.
5740**
5741** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5742** of SQLite.
5743*/
5744int sqlite3_rekey(
5745  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5746  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5747);
5748int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5749  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5750  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5751  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5752);
5753
5754/*
5755** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5756** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5757*/
5758void sqlite3_activate_see(
5759  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5760);
5761#endif
5762
5763#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5764/*
5765** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5766** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5767*/
5768void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5769  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5770);
5771#endif
5772
5773/*
5774** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5775**
5776** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5777** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5778**
5779** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5780** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5781** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5782** requested from the operating system is returned.
5783**
5784** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5785** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5786** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5787** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5788** in the previous paragraphs.
5789*/
5790int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5791
5792/*
5793** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5794**
5795** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5796** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5797** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5798** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5799** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5800** temporary file directory.
5801**
5802** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5803** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5804** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5805** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5806** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5807** be avoided in new projects.
5808**
5809** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5810** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5811** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5812** thread.
5813** It is intended that this variable be set once
5814** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5815** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5816** thereafter.
5817**
5818** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5819** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5820** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5821** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5822** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5823** using [sqlite3_free].
5824** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5825** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5826** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5827** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5828** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5829** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5830** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5831** objects have been destroyed.
5832**
5833** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5834** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5835** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5836** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5837**
5838** <blockquote><pre>
5839** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5840** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5841** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5842** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5843** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5844** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5845** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5846** </pre></blockquote>
5847*/
5848SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5849
5850/*
5851** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5852**
5853** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5854** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5855** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5856** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5857** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5858** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5859** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5860** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5861** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5862**
5863** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5864** open can result in a corrupt database.
5865**
5866** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5867** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5868** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5869** thread.
5870** It is intended that this variable be set once
5871** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5872** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5873** thereafter.
5874**
5875** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5876** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5877** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5878** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5879** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5880** using [sqlite3_free].
5881** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5882** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5883** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5884*/
5885SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5886
5887/*
5888** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5889**
5890** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5891** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5892** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5893** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5894** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5895** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5896** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5897** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5898** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5899** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5900** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5901** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
5902** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
5903** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
5904** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
5905*/
5906int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5907  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5908  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5909);
5910int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
5911int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
5912
5913/*
5914** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5915**
5916** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5917** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5918*/
5919#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5920#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5921
5922/*
5923** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5924** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5925** METHOD: sqlite3
5926**
5927** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5928** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5929** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5930** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5931** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5932**
5933** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5934** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5935** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5936** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5937** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5938** an error is to use this function.
5939**
5940** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5941** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5942** is undefined.
5943*/
5944int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5945
5946/*
5947** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5948** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5949**
5950** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5951** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5952** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5953** that was the first argument
5954** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5955** create the statement in the first place.
5956*/
5957sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5958
5959/*
5960** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5961** METHOD: sqlite3
5962**
5963** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
5964** associated with database N of connection D.
5965** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
5966** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5967** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
5968**
5969** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
5970** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
5971** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
5972**
5973** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5974** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5975** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5976** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5977*/
5978const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5979
5980/*
5981** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5982** METHOD: sqlite3
5983**
5984** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5985** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5986** the name of a database on connection D.
5987*/
5988int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5989
5990/*
5991** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5992** METHOD: sqlite3
5993**
5994** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5995** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5996** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5997** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5998** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5999**
6000** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6001** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6002** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6003*/
6004sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6005
6006/*
6007** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6008** METHOD: sqlite3
6009**
6010** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6011** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6012** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6013** for the same database connection is overridden.
6014** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6015** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6016** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6017** for the same database connection is overridden.
6018** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6019** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6020** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6021**
6022** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6023** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6024** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6025** the first call for each function on D.
6026**
6027** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6028** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6029** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6030** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6031** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6032** or rollback hook in the first place.
6033** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6034** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6035** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6036**
6037** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6038**
6039** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6040** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6041** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6042** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6043** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6044**
6045** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6046** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6047** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6048** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6049** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6050**
6051** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6052*/
6053void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6054void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6055
6056/*
6057** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6058** METHOD: sqlite3
6059**
6060** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6061** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6062** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6063** a [rowid table].
6064** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6065** for the same database connection is overridden.
6066**
6067** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6068** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6069** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6070** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6071** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6072** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6073** to be invoked.
6074** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6075** database and table name containing the affected row.
6076** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6077** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6078**
6079** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6080** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
6081** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6082**
6083** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6084** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6085** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6086** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6087** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6088** release of SQLite.
6089**
6090** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6091** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6092** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6093** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6094** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6095** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6096**
6097** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6098** returns the P argument from the previous call
6099** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6100** the first call on D.
6101**
6102** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6103** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6104*/
6105void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6106  sqlite3*,
6107  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6108  void*
6109);
6110
6111/*
6112** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6113**
6114** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6115** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6116** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6117** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6118**
6119** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6120** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6121** In prior versions of SQLite,
6122** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6123**
6124** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6125** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6126** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6127** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6128**
6129** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6130** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6131**
6132** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6133** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6134** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6135** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6136** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6137** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6138** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6139**
6140** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6141** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6142** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6143** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6144**
6145** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6146** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6147**
6148** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6149*/
6150int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6151
6152/*
6153** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6154**
6155** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6156** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6157** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6158** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6159** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6160** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6161** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6162** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6163**
6164** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6165*/
6166int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6167
6168/*
6169** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6170** METHOD: sqlite3
6171**
6172** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6173** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6174** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6175** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6176** omitted.
6177**
6178** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6179*/
6180int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6181
6182/*
6183** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6184**
6185** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6186** by all database connections within a single process.
6187**
6188** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6189** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6190** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6191** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6192** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6193** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6194** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6195** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6196** is advisory only.
6197**
6198** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6199** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6200** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6201** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6202** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6203**
6204** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6205** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6206** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6207** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6208** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6209** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6210** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6211**
6212** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6213**
6214** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6215** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6216** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6217** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6218** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6219** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6220** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6221** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6222** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6223** hard heap limit.
6224**
6225** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6226** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6227**
6228** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6229** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6230**
6231** <ul>
6232** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6233** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6234**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6235**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6236** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6237**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6238** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6239**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6240**      from the heap.
6241** </ul>)^
6242**
6243** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6244** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6245*/
6246sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6247sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6248
6249/*
6250** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6251** DEPRECATED
6252**
6253** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6254** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6255** only.  All new applications should use the
6256** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6257*/
6258SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6259
6260
6261/*
6262** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6263** METHOD: sqlite3
6264**
6265** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6266** information about column C of table T in database D
6267** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6268** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6269** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6270** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6271** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6272** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6273** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6274** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6275** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6276** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6277** undefined behavior.
6278**
6279** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6280** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6281** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6282** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6283** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6284** resolve unqualified table references.
6285**
6286** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6287** name of the desired column, respectively.
6288**
6289** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6290** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6291** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6292**
6293** ^(<blockquote>
6294** <table border="1">
6295** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6296**
6297** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6298** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6299** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6300** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6301** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6302** </table>
6303** </blockquote>)^
6304**
6305** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6306** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6307** call to any SQLite API function.
6308**
6309** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6310**
6311** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6312** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6313** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6314** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6315** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6316** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6317**
6318** <pre>
6319**     data type: "INTEGER"
6320**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6321**     not null: 0
6322**     primary key: 1
6323**     auto increment: 0
6324** </pre>)^
6325**
6326** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6327** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6328** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6329*/
6330int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6331  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6332  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6333  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6334  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6335  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6336  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6337  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6338  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6339  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6340);
6341
6342/*
6343** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6344** METHOD: sqlite3
6345**
6346** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6347**
6348** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6349** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6350** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6351** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6352** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6353** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6354** be tried also.
6355**
6356** ^The entry point is zProc.
6357** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6358** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6359** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6360** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6361** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6362** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6363** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6364** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6365** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6366** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6367** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6368** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6369** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6370**
6371** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6372** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6373** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6374** prior to calling this API,
6375** otherwise an error will be returned.
6376**
6377** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6378** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6379** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6380** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6381** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6382** access to extension loading capabilities.
6383**
6384** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6385*/
6386int sqlite3_load_extension(
6387  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6388  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6389  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6390  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6391);
6392
6393/*
6394** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6395** METHOD: sqlite3
6396**
6397** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6398** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6399** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6400** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6401**
6402** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6403** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6404** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6405** it back off again.
6406**
6407** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6408** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6409** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6410** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6411**
6412** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6413** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6414** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6415** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6416** access to extension loading capabilities.
6417*/
6418int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6419
6420/*
6421** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6422**
6423** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6424** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6425** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6426** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6427**
6428** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6429** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6430** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6431** entry point where as follows:
6432**
6433** <blockquote><pre>
6434** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6435** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6436** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6437** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6438** &nbsp;  );
6439** </pre></blockquote>)^
6440**
6441** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6442** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6443** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6444** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6445** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6446** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6447** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6448**
6449** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6450** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6451** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6452**
6453** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6454** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6455*/
6456int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6457
6458/*
6459** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6460**
6461** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6462** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6463** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6464** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6465** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6466** routines.
6467*/
6468int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6469
6470/*
6471** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6472**
6473** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6474** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6475*/
6476void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6477
6478/*
6479** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6480** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6481** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6482**
6483** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6484** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6485*/
6486
6487/*
6488** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6489*/
6490typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6491typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6492typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6493typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6494
6495/*
6496** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6497** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6498**
6499** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6500** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
6501** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6502**
6503** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6504** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6505** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6506** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6507** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6508** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6509** any database connection.
6510*/
6511struct sqlite3_module {
6512  int iVersion;
6513  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6514               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6515               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6516  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6517               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6518               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6519  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6520  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6521  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6522  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6523  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6524  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6525                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6526  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6527  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6528  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6529  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6530  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6531  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6532  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6533  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6534  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6535  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6536                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6537                       void **ppArg);
6538  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6539  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6540  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6541  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6542  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6543  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6544  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6545  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6546  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6547};
6548
6549/*
6550** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6551** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6552**
6553** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6554** of the [virtual table] interface to
6555** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6556** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6557** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6558** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6559**
6560** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6561**
6562** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6563**
6564** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6565** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6566** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6567** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6568** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6569** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6570** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6571**
6572** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6573** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6574** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6575** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6576** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6577**
6578** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6579** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6580**
6581** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6582** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6583** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6584** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6585** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6586** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6587** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6588** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6589** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6590** non-zero.
6591**
6592** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6593** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6594** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6595** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6596** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6597** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
6598** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
6599** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
6600** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
6601** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
6602** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
6603** not be checked again using byte code.)^
6604**
6605** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6606** [xFilter] method.
6607** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6608** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6609**
6610** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6611** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6612** sorting step is required.
6613**
6614** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6615** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6616** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6617** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6618** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6619**
6620** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6621** will be returned by the strategy.
6622**
6623** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6624** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6625** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6626** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6627**
6628** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6629** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6630** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6631** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6632** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6633** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6634** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6635** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6636** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6637**
6638** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6639** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6640** If a virtual table extension is
6641** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6642** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6643** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6644** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6645** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6646** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6647** It may therefore only be used if
6648** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6649** 3009000.
6650*/
6651struct sqlite3_index_info {
6652  /* Inputs */
6653  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6654  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6655     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6656     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6657     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6658     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6659  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6660  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6661  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6662     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6663     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6664  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6665  /* Outputs */
6666  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6667    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6668    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6669  } *aConstraintUsage;
6670  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6671  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6672  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6673  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6674  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6675  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6676  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6677  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6678  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6679  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6680  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6681};
6682
6683/*
6684** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6685**
6686** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6687** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6688** these bits.
6689*/
6690#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6691
6692/*
6693** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6694**
6695** These macros define the allowed values for the
6696** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6697** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6698** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6699*/
6700#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6701#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6702#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6703#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6704#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6705#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6706#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6707#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6708#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6709#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6710#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6711#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6712#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6713#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6714#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
6715
6716/*
6717** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6718** METHOD: sqlite3
6719**
6720** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6721** ^Module names must be registered before
6722** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6723** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6724**
6725** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6726** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6727** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6728** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6729** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6730** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6731** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6732**
6733** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6734** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6735** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6736** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6737** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6738** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6739** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6740** destructor.
6741**
6742** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
6743** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
6744** same name are dropped.
6745**
6746** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
6747*/
6748int sqlite3_create_module(
6749  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6750  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6751  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6752  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6753);
6754int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6755  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6756  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6757  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6758  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6759  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6760);
6761
6762/*
6763** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
6764** METHOD: sqlite3
6765**
6766** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
6767** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
6768** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
6769** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
6770** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
6771**
6772** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
6773*/
6774int sqlite3_drop_modules(
6775  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
6776  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
6777);
6778
6779/*
6780** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6781** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6782**
6783** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6784** of this object to describe a particular instance
6785** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6786** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6787** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6788** common to all module implementations.
6789**
6790** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6791** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6792** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6793** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6794** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6795** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6796*/
6797struct sqlite3_vtab {
6798  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6799  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6800  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6801  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6802};
6803
6804/*
6805** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6806** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6807**
6808** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6809** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6810** [virtual table] and are used
6811** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6812** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6813** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6814** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6815** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6816** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6817**
6818** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6819** are common to all implementations.
6820*/
6821struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6822  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6823  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6824};
6825
6826/*
6827** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6828**
6829** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6830** [virtual table module] call this interface
6831** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6832** the virtual tables they implement.
6833*/
6834int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6835
6836/*
6837** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6838** METHOD: sqlite3
6839**
6840** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6841** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6842** But global versions of those functions
6843** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6844**
6845** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6846** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6847** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6848** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6849** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6850** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6851** by a [virtual table].
6852*/
6853int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6854
6855/*
6856** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6857** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6858** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6859** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6860**
6861** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6862** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6863*/
6864
6865/*
6866** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6867** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6868**
6869** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6870** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6871** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6872** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6873** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6874** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6875** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6876*/
6877typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6878
6879/*
6880** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6881** METHOD: sqlite3
6882** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6883**
6884** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6885** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6886** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6887**
6888** <pre>
6889**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6890** </pre>)^
6891**
6892** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6893** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6894** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6895** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6896** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6897**
6898** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6899** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6900** read-only access.
6901**
6902** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6903** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6904** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6905** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6906** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6907**
6908** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6909** <ul>
6910**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6911**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6912**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6913**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6914**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6915**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6916**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6917**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6918**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6919**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6920**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6921**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6922** </ul>
6923**
6924** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6925** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6926** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6927**
6928** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6929** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6930** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6931** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6932** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6933** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6934**
6935** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6936** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6937** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6938** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6939** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6940** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6941** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6942** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6943** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6944** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6945**
6946** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6947** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6948** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6949** blob.
6950**
6951** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6952** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6953** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6954**
6955** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6956** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6957**
6958** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6959** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6960** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6961*/
6962int sqlite3_blob_open(
6963  sqlite3*,
6964  const char *zDb,
6965  const char *zTable,
6966  const char *zColumn,
6967  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6968  int flags,
6969  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6970);
6971
6972/*
6973** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6974** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6975**
6976** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6977** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6978** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6979** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6980** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6981** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6982**
6983** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6984** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6985** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6986** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6987** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6988** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6989** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6990** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6991** always returns zero.
6992**
6993** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6994*/
6995int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6996
6997/*
6998** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6999** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7000**
7001** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7002** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7003** handle is still closed.)^
7004**
7005** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7006** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7007** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7008** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7009** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7010**
7011** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7012** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7013** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7014** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7015** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7016** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7017*/
7018int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7019
7020/*
7021** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7022** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7023**
7024** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7025** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7026** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7027** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7028**
7029** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7030** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7031** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7032** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7033*/
7034int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7035
7036/*
7037** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7038** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7039**
7040** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7041** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7042** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7043**
7044** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7045** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7046** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7047** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7048** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7049**
7050** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7051** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7052**
7053** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7054** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7055**
7056** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7057** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7058** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7059** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7060**
7061** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7062*/
7063int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7064
7065/*
7066** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7067** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7068**
7069** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7070** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7071** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7072**
7073** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7074** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7075** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7076** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7077** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7078**
7079** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7080** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7081** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7082**
7083** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7084** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7085** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7086** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7087** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7088** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7089** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7090**
7091** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7092** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7093** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7094** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7095** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7096** or by other independent statements.
7097**
7098** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7099** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7100** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7101** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7102**
7103** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7104*/
7105int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7106
7107/*
7108** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7109**
7110** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7111** that SQLite uses to interact
7112** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7113** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7114** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7115** The following interfaces are provided.
7116**
7117** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7118** ^Names are case sensitive.
7119** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7120** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7121** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7122**
7123** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7124** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7125** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7126** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7127** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7128** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7129** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7130** then the behavior is undefined.
7131**
7132** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7133** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7134** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7135*/
7136sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7137int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7138int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7139
7140/*
7141** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7142**
7143** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7144** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7145** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7146** permitted to use any of these routines.
7147**
7148** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7149** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7150** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7151** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7152**
7153** <ul>
7154** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7155** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7156** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7157** </ul>
7158**
7159** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7160** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7161** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7162** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7163** and Windows.
7164**
7165** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7166** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7167** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7168** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7169** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7170** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7171** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7172**
7173** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7174** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7175** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7176** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7177** integer constants:
7178**
7179** <ul>
7180** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7181** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7182** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
7183** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7184** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7185** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7186** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7187** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7188** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7189** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7190** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7191** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7192** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7193** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7194** </ul>
7195**
7196** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7197** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7198** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7199** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7200** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7201** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7202** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7203** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7204** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7205** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7206**
7207** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7208** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7209** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7210** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7211** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7212** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7213** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7214** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7215**
7216** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7217** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7218** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7219** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7220** the same type number.
7221**
7222** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7223** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7224** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7225**
7226** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7227** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7228** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7229** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7230** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7231** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7232** In such cases, the
7233** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7234** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7235** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7236**
7237** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7238** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7239** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7240** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7241** behavior.)^
7242**
7243** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7244** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7245** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7246** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7247**
7248** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7249** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7250** behave as no-ops.
7251**
7252** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7253*/
7254sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7255void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7256void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7257int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7258void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7259
7260/*
7261** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7262**
7263** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7264** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7265**
7266** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7267** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7268** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7269** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7270** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7271** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7272** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7273** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7274** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7275**
7276** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7277** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7278** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7279** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7280**
7281** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7282** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7283** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7284** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7285** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7286** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7287**
7288** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7289** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7290** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7291**
7292** <ul>
7293**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7294**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7295**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7296**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7297**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7298**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7299**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7300** </ul>)^
7301**
7302** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7303** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7304** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7305** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7306** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7307** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7308** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7309**
7310** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7311** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7312** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7313** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7314**
7315** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7316** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7317** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7318** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7319**
7320** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7321** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7322** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7323** prior to returning.
7324*/
7325typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7326struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7327  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7328  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7329  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7330  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7331  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7332  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7333  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7334  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7335  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7336};
7337
7338/*
7339** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7340**
7341** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7342** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7343** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7344** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7345** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7346** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7347** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7348** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7349**
7350** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7351** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7352**
7353** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7354** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7355** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7356** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7357**
7358** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7359** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7360** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7361** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7362** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7363** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7364** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7365** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7366*/
7367#ifndef NDEBUG
7368int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7369int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7370#endif
7371
7372/*
7373** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7374**
7375** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7376** which is one of these integer constants.
7377**
7378** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7379** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7380** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7381*/
7382#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7383#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7384#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7385#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7386#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7387#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7388#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7389#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7390#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7391#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7392#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7393#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7394#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7395#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7396#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7397#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7398
7399/*
7400** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7401** METHOD: sqlite3
7402**
7403** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7404** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7405** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7406** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7407** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7408*/
7409sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7410
7411/*
7412** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7413** METHOD: sqlite3
7414** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7415**
7416** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7417** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7418** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7419** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7420** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7421** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7422** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7423** main database file.
7424** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7425** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7426** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7427** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7428**
7429** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7430** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7431** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7432** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7433** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7434** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7435** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7436** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7437** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7438** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7439** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7440** from the pager.
7441**
7442** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7443** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7444** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7445** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7446** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7447** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7448** xFileControl method.
7449**
7450** See also: [file control opcodes]
7451*/
7452int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7453
7454/*
7455** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7456**
7457** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7458** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7459** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7460** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7461**
7462** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7463** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7464** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7465**
7466** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7467** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7468** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7469** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7470*/
7471int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7472
7473/*
7474** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7475**
7476** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7477** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7478**
7479** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7480** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7481** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7482** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7483*/
7484#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7485#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7486#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7487#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
7488#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7489#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7490#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7491#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7492#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7493#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7494#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7495#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7496#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7497#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7498#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7499#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7500#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7501#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7502#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7503#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7504#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7505#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7506#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7507#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7508#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7509#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
7510#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
7511#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
7512#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    29  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7513
7514/*
7515** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7516**
7517** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7518** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7519** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7520** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7521**
7522** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7523** keywords understood by SQLite.
7524**
7525** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7526** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7527** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7528** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7529** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7530** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7531** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7532**
7533** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7534** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7535** if it is and zero if not.
7536**
7537** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7538** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7539** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7540** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7541** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7542** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7543** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7544** name collisions include:
7545** <ul>
7546** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7547**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7548** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7549**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7550**      technique.
7551** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7552**      with "Z".
7553** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7554** </ul>
7555**
7556** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7557** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7558** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7559** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7560*/
7561int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7562int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7563int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7564
7565/*
7566** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7567** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7568**
7569** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7570** string under construction.
7571**
7572** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7573** <ol>
7574** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7575** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7576** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7577** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7578** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7579** </ol>
7580*/
7581typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7582
7583/*
7584** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7585** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7586**
7587** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7588** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7589** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7590** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7591**
7592** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7593** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7594** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7595** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7596** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7597** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7598** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7599** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7600** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7601**
7602** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7603** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7604** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7605** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7606** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7607*/
7608sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7609
7610/*
7611** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7612** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7613**
7614** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7615** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7616** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7617** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7618** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7619** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7620** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7621** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7622*/
7623char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7624
7625/*
7626** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7627** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7628**
7629** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7630** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7631**
7632** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7633** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7634** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7635** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7636**
7637** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7638** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7639** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7640** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7641** method instead.
7642**
7643** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7644** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7645**
7646** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7647** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7648** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7649**
7650** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7651** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7652**
7653** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7654** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7655** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7656*/
7657void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7658void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7659void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7660void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7661void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7662void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7663
7664/*
7665** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7666** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7667**
7668** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7669**
7670** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7671** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7672** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7673** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7674** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7675** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7676**
7677** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7678** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7679** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7680** zero-termination byte.
7681**
7682** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7683** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7684** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7685** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7686** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7687** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7688** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7689** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7690** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7691** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7692*/
7693int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7694int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7695char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7696
7697/*
7698** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7699**
7700** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7701** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7702** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7703** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7704** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7705** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7706** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7707** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7708** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7709** value.  For those parameters
7710** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7711** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7712** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7713**
7714** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7715** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7716**
7717** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7718** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7719** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7720**
7721** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7722*/
7723int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7724int sqlite3_status64(
7725  int op,
7726  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7727  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7728  int resetFlag
7729);
7730
7731
7732/*
7733** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7734** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7735**
7736** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7737** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7738**
7739** <dl>
7740** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7741** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7742** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7743** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7744** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7745** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7746** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7747** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7748**
7749** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7750** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7751** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7752** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7753** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7754** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7755**
7756** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7757** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7758** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7759**
7760** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7761** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7762** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7763** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7764** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7765**
7766** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7767** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7768** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7769** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7770** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7771** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7772** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7773** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7774** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7775**
7776** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7777** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7778** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7779** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7780** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7781**
7782** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7783** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7784**
7785** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7786** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7787**
7788** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7789** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7790**
7791** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7792** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7793** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7794** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7795** </dl>
7796**
7797** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7798*/
7799#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7800#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7801#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7802#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7803#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7804#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7805#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7806#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7807#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7808#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7809
7810/*
7811** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7812** METHOD: sqlite3
7813**
7814** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7815** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7816** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7817** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7818** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7819** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7820** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7821** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7822**
7823** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7824** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7825** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7826** reset back down to the current value.
7827**
7828** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7829** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7830**
7831** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7832*/
7833int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7834
7835/*
7836** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7837** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7838**
7839** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7840** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7841**
7842** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7843** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7844** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7845** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7846** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7847**
7848** <dl>
7849** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7850** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7851** checked out.</dd>)^
7852**
7853** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7854** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
7855** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7856** the current value is always zero.)^
7857**
7858** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7859** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7860** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7861** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7862** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7863** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7864** the current value is always zero.)^
7865**
7866** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7867** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7868** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7869** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7870** memory already being in use.
7871** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7872** the current value is always zero.)^
7873**
7874** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7875** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7876** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7877** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7878**
7879** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7880** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7881** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7882** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7883** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7884** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7885** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7886** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7887** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7888** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7889** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7890**
7891** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7892** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7893** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7894** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7895** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7896** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7897** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7898** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7899**
7900** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7901** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7902** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7903** the database connection.)^
7904** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7905** </dd>
7906**
7907** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7908** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7909** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7910** is always 0.
7911** </dd>
7912**
7913** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7914** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7915** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7916** is always 0.
7917** </dd>
7918**
7919** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7920** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7921** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7922** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7923** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7924** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7925** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7926** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7927** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7928** </dd>
7929**
7930** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7931** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7932** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7933** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7934** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7935** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7936** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
7937** </dd>
7938**
7939** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7940** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7941** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7942** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7943** </dd>
7944** </dl>
7945*/
7946#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7947#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7948#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7949#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7950#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7951#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7952#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7953#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7954#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7955#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7956#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7957#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7958#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7959#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7960
7961
7962/*
7963** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7964** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7965**
7966** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7967** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7968** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7969** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7970** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7971** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7972** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7973** an index.
7974**
7975** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7976** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7977** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7978** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7979** to be interrogated.)^
7980** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7981** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7982** interface call returns.
7983**
7984** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7985*/
7986int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7987
7988/*
7989** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7990** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7991**
7992** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7993** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7994** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7995**
7996** <dl>
7997** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7998** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7999** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8000** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8001** careful use of indices.</dd>
8002**
8003** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8004** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8005** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8006** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8007**
8008** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8009** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8010** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8011** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8012** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8013** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8014**
8015** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8016** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8017** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8018** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8019** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8020** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8021** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8022**
8023** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8024** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8025** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8026** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8027**
8028** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8029** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8030** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8031** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8032** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8033** cycle.
8034**
8035** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8036** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8037** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8038** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8039** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8040** </dd>
8041** </dl>
8042*/
8043#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8044#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8045#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8046#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8047#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8048#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8049#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8050
8051/*
8052** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8053**
8054** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8055** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8056** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8057** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8058** to the object.
8059**
8060** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8061*/
8062typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8063
8064/*
8065** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8066**
8067** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8068** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8069** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8070** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8071**
8072** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8073*/
8074typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8075struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8076  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8077  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8078};
8079
8080/*
8081** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8082** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8083**
8084** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8085** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8086** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8087** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8088** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8089** By implementing a
8090** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8091** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8092** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8093** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8094** how long.
8095**
8096** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8097** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8098** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8099**
8100** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8101** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8102** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8103** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8104**
8105** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8106** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8107** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8108** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8109** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8110** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8111** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8112** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8113** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8114** page cache.)^
8115**
8116** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8117** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8118** It can be used to clean up
8119** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8120** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8121**
8122** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8123** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8124** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8125** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8126** in multithreaded applications.
8127**
8128** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8129** call to xShutdown().
8130**
8131** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8132** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8133** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8134** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8135** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8136** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8137** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8138** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8139** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8140** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8141** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8142** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8143** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8144** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8145** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8146** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8147** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8148** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8149** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8150** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8151** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8152** never contain any unpinned pages.
8153**
8154** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8155** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8156** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8157** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8158** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8159** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8160** value; it is advisory only.
8161**
8162** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8163** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8164** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8165**
8166** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8167** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8168** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8169** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8170** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8171** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8172** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8173** for each entry in the page cache.
8174**
8175** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8176** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8177** to be "pinned".
8178**
8179** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8180** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8181** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8182** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8183** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8184**
8185** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8186** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8187** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8188** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8189**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8190** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8191**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8192** </table>
8193**
8194** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8195** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8196** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8197** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8198** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8199**
8200** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8201** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8202** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8203** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8204** ^If the discard parameter is
8205** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8206** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8207** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8208**
8209** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8210** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8211** to xFetch().
8212**
8213** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8214** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8215** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8216** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8217** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8218** to be pinned.
8219**
8220** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8221** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8222** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8223** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8224** they can be safely discarded.
8225**
8226** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8227** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8228** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8229** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8230** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8231** functions.
8232**
8233** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8234** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8235** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8236** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8237** do their best.
8238*/
8239typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8240struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8241  int iVersion;
8242  void *pArg;
8243  int (*xInit)(void*);
8244  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8245  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8246  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8247  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8248  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8249  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8250  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8251      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8252  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8253  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8254  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8255};
8256
8257/*
8258** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8259** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8260** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8261*/
8262typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8263struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8264  void *pArg;
8265  int (*xInit)(void*);
8266  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8267  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8268  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8269  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8270  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8271  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8272  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8273  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8274  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8275};
8276
8277
8278/*
8279** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8280**
8281** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8282** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8283** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8284** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8285**
8286** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8287*/
8288typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8289
8290/*
8291** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8292**
8293** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8294** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8295** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8296**
8297** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8298**
8299** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8300** for the duration of the backup operation.
8301** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8302** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8303** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8304** preventing other database connections from
8305** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8306**
8307** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8308**   <ol>
8309**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8310**         backup,
8311**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8312**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8313**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8314**         associated with the backup operation.
8315**   </ol>)^
8316** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8317** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8318**
8319** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8320**
8321** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8322** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8323** and the database name, respectively.
8324** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8325** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8326** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8327** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8328** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8329** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8330** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8331** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8332** an error.
8333**
8334** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8335** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8336** destination database.
8337**
8338** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8339** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8340** destination [database connection] D.
8341** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8342** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8343** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8344** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8345** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8346** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8347** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8348** operation.
8349**
8350** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8351**
8352** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8353** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8354** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8355** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8356** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8357** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8358** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8359** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8360** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8361** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8362** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8363** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8364**
8365** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8366** <ol>
8367** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8368** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8369** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8370** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8371** destination and source page sizes differ.
8372** </ol>)^
8373**
8374** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8375** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8376** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8377** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8378** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8379** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8380** [database connection]
8381** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8382** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8383** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8384** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8385** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8386** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8387** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8388** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8389** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8390**
8391** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8392** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8393** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8394** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8395** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8396** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8397** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8398** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8399** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8400** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8401** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8402** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8403** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8404** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8405** updated at the same time.
8406**
8407** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8408**
8409** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8410** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8411** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8412** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8413** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8414** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8415** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8416** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8417** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8418**
8419** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8420** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8421** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8422** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8423** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8424** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8425**
8426** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8427** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8428** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8429**
8430** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8431** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8432**
8433** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8434** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8435** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8436** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8437** sqlite3_backup_step().
8438** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8439** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8440** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8441** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8442** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8443** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8444**
8445** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8446**
8447** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8448** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8449** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8450** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8451** from within other threads.
8452**
8453** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8454** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8455** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8456** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8457** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8458** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8459** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8460** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8461**
8462** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8463** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8464** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8465** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8466** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8467** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8468**
8469** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8470** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8471** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8472** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8473** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8474** possible that they return invalid values.
8475*/
8476sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8477  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8478  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8479  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8480  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8481);
8482int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8483int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8484int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8485int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8486
8487/*
8488** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8489** METHOD: sqlite3
8490**
8491** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8492** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8493** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8494** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8495** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8496** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8497** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8498** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8499**
8500** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8501**
8502** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8503** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8504**
8505** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8506** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8507** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8508** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8509** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8510** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8511** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8512** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8513** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8514** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
8515**
8516** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8517** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8518** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8519** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8520** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8521**
8522** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8523** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8524** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8525** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8526**
8527** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8528** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8529** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8530** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8531** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8532** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8533** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8534** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8535**
8536** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8537** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8538** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8539**
8540** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8541** returns SQLITE_OK.
8542**
8543** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8544**
8545** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8546** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8547** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8548** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8549** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8550** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8551**
8552** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
8553** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8554** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8555** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8556** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8557** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8558** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8559** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8560**
8561** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8562**
8563** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8564** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8565** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8566** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8567** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8568** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8569** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8570**
8571** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8572** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8573** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8574** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8575** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8576** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8577** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8578** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8579** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8580** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8581** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8582** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8583**
8584** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8585**
8586** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8587** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8588** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8589** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8590** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8591** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8592** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8593** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8594** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8595**
8596** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8597** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8598** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8599** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8600** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8601*/
8602int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8603  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8604  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8605  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8606);
8607
8608
8609/*
8610** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8611**
8612** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8613** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8614** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8615** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8616*/
8617int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8618int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8619
8620/*
8621** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8622*
8623** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8624** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8625** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8626** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8627** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8628** is case sensitive.
8629**
8630** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8631** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8632**
8633** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8634*/
8635int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8636
8637/*
8638** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8639*
8640** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8641** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8642** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8643** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8644** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8645** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8646** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8647** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8648** one another.
8649**
8650** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8651** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8652**
8653** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8654** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8655**
8656** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8657*/
8658int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8659
8660/*
8661** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8662**
8663** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8664** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8665** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8666** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8667**
8668** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8669** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8670** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8671** is considered bad form.
8672**
8673** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8674**
8675** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8676** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8677** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8678** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8679** buffer.
8680*/
8681void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8682
8683/*
8684** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8685** METHOD: sqlite3
8686**
8687** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8688** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8689**
8690** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8691** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8692** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8693**
8694** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8695** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8696** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8697** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8698** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8699** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8700** including those that were just committed.
8701**
8702** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8703** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8704** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8705** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8706** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8707** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8708** are undefined.
8709**
8710** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8711** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8712** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8713** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8714** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8715** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8716*/
8717void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8718  sqlite3*,
8719  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8720  void*
8721);
8722
8723/*
8724** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8725** METHOD: sqlite3
8726**
8727** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8728** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8729** to automatically [checkpoint]
8730** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8731** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8732** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8733** checkpoints entirely.
8734**
8735** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8736** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8737** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8738** configured by this function.
8739**
8740** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8741** from SQL.
8742**
8743** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8744** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8745**
8746** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8747** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8748** pages.  The use of this interface
8749** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8750** for a particular application.
8751*/
8752int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8753
8754/*
8755** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8756** METHOD: sqlite3
8757**
8758** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8759** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8760**
8761** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8762** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8763** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8764** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8765** information.
8766**
8767** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8768** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8769** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8770** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8771** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8772** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8773*/
8774int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8775
8776/*
8777** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8778** METHOD: sqlite3
8779**
8780** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8781** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8782** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8783** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8784**
8785** <dl>
8786** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8787**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8788**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8789**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8790**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8791**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8792**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8793**
8794** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8795**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8796**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8797**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8798**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8799**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8800**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8801**
8802** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8803**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8804**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8805**   [busy-handler callback])
8806**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8807**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8808**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8809**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8810**
8811** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8812**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8813**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8814**   to a successful return.
8815** </dl>
8816**
8817** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8818** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8819** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8820** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8821** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8822** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8823** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8824** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8825** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8826**
8827** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8828** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8829** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8830** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8831**
8832** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8833** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8834** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8835** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8836** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8837** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8838** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8839** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8840** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8841** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8842**
8843** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8844** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8845** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8846** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8847** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8848** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8849** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8850** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8851** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8852** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8853** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8854**
8855** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8856** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8857** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8858** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8859**
8860** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8861** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8862** sets the error information that is queried by
8863** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8864**
8865** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8866** from SQL.
8867*/
8868int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8869  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8870  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8871  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8872  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8873  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8874);
8875
8876/*
8877** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8878** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8879**
8880** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8881** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8882** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8883** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8884*/
8885#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8886#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8887#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8888#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8889
8890/*
8891** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8892**
8893** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8894** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8895** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8896**
8897** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8898** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8899**
8900** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8901** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8902** may be added in the future.
8903*/
8904int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8905
8906/*
8907** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8908**
8909** These macros define the various options to the
8910** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8911** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8912**
8913** <dl>
8914** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
8915** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8916** <dd>Calls of the form
8917** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8918** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8919** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8920** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8921** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8922** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8923** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8924** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8925**
8926** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8927** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8928** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8929** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8930** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8931** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8932** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8933** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8934** had been ABORT.
8935**
8936** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8937** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8938** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8939** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8940** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8941** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8942** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8943** constraint handling.
8944** </dl>
8945*/
8946#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8947
8948/*
8949** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8950**
8951** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8952** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8953** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8954** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8955** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8956** [virtual table].
8957*/
8958int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8959
8960/*
8961** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8962**
8963** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8964** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8965** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8966** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8967** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
8968** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
8969**
8970** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8971** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
8972** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8973** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8974** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8975** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8976*/
8977int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8978
8979/*
8980** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8981**
8982** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8983** method of a [virtual table].
8984**
8985** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8986** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8987** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8988** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8989** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8990** constraint.
8991*/
8992SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8993
8994/*
8995** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8996** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8997**
8998** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8999** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9000** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9001**
9002** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9003** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9004** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9005*/
9006#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9007/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9008#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9009/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9010#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9011
9012/*
9013** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9014** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9015**
9016** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9017** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9018** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9019**
9020** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9021** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9022** S is finalized.
9023**
9024** <dl>
9025** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9026** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9027** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9028**
9029** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9030** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9031** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9032**
9033** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9034** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9035** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9036** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9037** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9038** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9039** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9040**
9041** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9042** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9043** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9044** used for the X-th loop.
9045**
9046** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9047** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9048** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9049** description for the X-th loop.
9050**
9051** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9052** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9053** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9054** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9055** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9056** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9057** </dl>
9058*/
9059#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9060#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9061#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9062#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9063#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9064#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9065
9066/*
9067** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9068** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9069**
9070** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9071** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9072** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9073** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9074**
9075** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9076** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9077** compile-time option.
9078**
9079** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9080** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9081** of this interface is undefined.
9082** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9083** the "pOut" parameter.
9084** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9085** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9086** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9087** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9088** points to is unchanged.
9089**
9090** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9091** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9092** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9093** that pOut points to unchanged.
9094**
9095** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9096*/
9097int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9098  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9099  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9100  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9101  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9102);
9103
9104/*
9105** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9106** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9107**
9108** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9109**
9110** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9111** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9112*/
9113void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9114
9115/*
9116** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9117**
9118** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9119** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9120** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9121** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9122** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9123** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9124** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9125** any [attached] databases.
9126**
9127** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9128** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9129** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9130** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9131** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9132** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9133** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9134** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9135**
9136** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9137** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9138** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9139**
9140** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9141**
9142** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9143** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9144*/
9145int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9146
9147/*
9148** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9149**
9150** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9151** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9152**
9153** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
9154** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
9155** on a database table.
9156** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
9157** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
9158** the previous setting.
9159** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
9160** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
9161** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
9162** the first parameter to callbacks.
9163**
9164** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
9165** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
9166** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
9167**
9168** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
9169** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
9170** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
9171** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
9172** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
9173** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9174** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
9175** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
9176** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
9177** databases.)^
9178** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9179** table that is being modified.
9180**
9181** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
9182** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
9183** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
9184** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
9185** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
9186** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
9187** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
9188** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
9189** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
9190**
9191** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
9192** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
9193** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
9194** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
9195** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
9196** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
9197** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
9198** behavior.
9199**
9200** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
9201** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
9202**
9203** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9204** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9205** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9206** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9207** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
9208** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
9209** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9210** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9211**
9212** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9213** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9214** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9215** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9216** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9217** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9218** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9219** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9220**
9221** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9222** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9223** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9224** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9225** triggers; and so forth.
9226**
9227** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9228*/
9229#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9230void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9231  sqlite3 *db,
9232  void(*xPreUpdate)(
9233    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9234    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9235    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9236    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9237    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9238    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9239    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9240  ),
9241  void*
9242);
9243int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9244int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9245int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9246int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9247#endif
9248
9249/*
9250** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9251**
9252** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9253** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9254** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9255** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9256** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9257** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9258*/
9259int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9260
9261/*
9262** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9263** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9264**
9265** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9266** database for some specific point in history.
9267**
9268** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9269** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9270** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9271** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9272** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9273** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9274** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9275**
9276** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9277** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9278** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9279** the most recent version.
9280*/
9281typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9282  unsigned char hidden[48];
9283} sqlite3_snapshot;
9284
9285/*
9286** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9287** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9288**
9289** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9290** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9291** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9292** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9293** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9294** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9295** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9296**
9297** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9298** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9299** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9300** in this case.
9301**
9302** <ul>
9303**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9304**
9305**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9306**
9307**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9308**        connection D.
9309**
9310**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9311**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9312**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9313**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9314**        must be written to it first.
9315** </ul>
9316**
9317** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9318** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9319** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9320**
9321** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9322** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9323** to avoid a memory leak.
9324**
9325** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9326** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9327*/
9328SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9329  sqlite3 *db,
9330  const char *zSchema,
9331  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9332);
9333
9334/*
9335** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9336** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9337**
9338** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9339** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9340** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9341** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9342** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9343** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9344**
9345** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9346** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9347** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9348** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9349** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9350** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9351** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9352**
9353** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9354** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9355** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9356**
9357** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9358** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9359** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9360** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9361** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9362** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9363** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9364**
9365** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9366** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9367** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9368** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9369** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9370** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9371** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9372** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9373**
9374** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9375** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9376*/
9377SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9378  sqlite3 *db,
9379  const char *zSchema,
9380  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9381);
9382
9383/*
9384** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9385** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9386**
9387** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9388** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9389** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9390**
9391** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9392** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9393*/
9394SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9395
9396/*
9397** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9398** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9399**
9400** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9401** of two valid snapshot handles.
9402**
9403** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9404** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9405**
9406** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9407** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9408** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9409** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9410** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9411** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9412** is undefined.
9413**
9414** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9415** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9416** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9417**
9418** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9419** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9420*/
9421SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9422  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9423  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9424);
9425
9426/*
9427** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9428** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9429**
9430** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9431** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9432** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9433** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9434** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9435** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9436** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9437**
9438** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9439** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9440** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9441** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9442** database.
9443**
9444** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9445**
9446** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9447** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9448*/
9449SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9450
9451/*
9452** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9453**
9454** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9455** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9456** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9457** is written into *P.
9458**
9459** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9460** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9461** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9462** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9463**
9464** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9465** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9466** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9467** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9468** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9469** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9470** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9471** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9472** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9473** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9474** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9475** values of D and S.
9476** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9477** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9478** of the database exists.
9479**
9480** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9481** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9482** allocation error occurs.
9483**
9484** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9485** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9486*/
9487unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9488  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9489  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9490  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9491  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9492);
9493
9494/*
9495** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9496**
9497** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9498** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9499**
9500** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9501** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9502** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9503** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9504** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9505** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9506** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9507*/
9508#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9509
9510/*
9511** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9512**
9513** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9514** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9515** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9516** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9517** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9518** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9519** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9520** size does not exceed M bytes.
9521**
9522** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9523** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9524** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9525** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9526** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9527**
9528** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9529** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9530** operation.
9531**
9532** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9533** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9534** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9535**
9536** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9537** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9538*/
9539int sqlite3_deserialize(
9540  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9541  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9542  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9543  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9544  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9545  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9546);
9547
9548/*
9549** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9550**
9551** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9552** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9553**
9554** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9555** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9556** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9557** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9558** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9559**
9560** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9561** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9562** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9563** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9564** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9565**
9566** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9567** should be treated as read-only.
9568*/
9569#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9570#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9571#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9572
9573/*
9574** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9575** builds on processors without floating point support.
9576*/
9577#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9578# undef double
9579#endif
9580
9581#ifdef __cplusplus
9582}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9583#endif
9584#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9585