xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 754d3adf)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
218** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
219** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
220** sqlite3 object.
221*/
222typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
223
224/*
225** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
226** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
227**
228** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
229** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
230**
231** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
232** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
233** compatibility only.
234**
235** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
236** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
237** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
238** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
239*/
240#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
241  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
242  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
243#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
244  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
245  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
246#else
247  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
248  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
249#endif
250typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
251typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
252
253/*
254** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
255** substitute integer for floating-point.
256*/
257#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
258# define double sqlite3_int64
259#endif
260
261/*
262** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
263**
264** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
265** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
266** successfully destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
267**
268** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
269** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
270** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
271** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
272** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
273** SQLITE_BUSY.
274**
275** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
276** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
277**
278** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
279** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
280** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
281** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
282** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a
283** harmless no-op.
284*/
285int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
286
287/*
288** The type for a callback function.
289** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
290** compatibility and is not documented.
291*/
292typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
293
294/*
295** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
296**
297** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
298** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
299** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
300** without having to use a lot of C code.
301**
302** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
303** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
304** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
305** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
306** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
307** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
308** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
309** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
310** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
311** ignored.
312**
313** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
314** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
315** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
316** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
317** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
318** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
319** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
320** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
321** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
322** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
323** NULL before returning.
324**
325** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
326** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
327** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
328**
329** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
330** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
331** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
332** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
333** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
334** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
335** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
336** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
337** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
338**
339** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
340** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
341** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
342** is not changed.
343**
344** Restrictions:
345**
346** <ul>
347** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
348**      is a valid and open [database connection].
349** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
350**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
351** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
352**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
353** </ul>
354*/
355int sqlite3_exec(
356  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
357  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
358  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
359  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
360  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
361);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
365** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
366** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
367**
368** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
369** here in order to indicate success or failure.
370**
371** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
372**
373** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
374** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
375*/
376#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
377/* beginning-of-error-codes */
378#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
379#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
380#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
381#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
382#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
383#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
384#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
385#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
386#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
387#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
388#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
389#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
390#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
391#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
392#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
393#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
394#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
395#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
396#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
397#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
398#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
399#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
400#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
401#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
402#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
403#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
404#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
405#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
406/* end-of-error-codes */
407
408/*
409** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
410** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
411** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
412**
413** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
414** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
415** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
416** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
417** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
418** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
419** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
420** on a per database connection basis using the
421** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
422**
423** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
424** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
425** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
426** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
427**
428** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
429** be exactly zero.
430*/
431#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
432#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
433#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
434#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
435#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
436#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
437#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
438#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
439#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
440#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
441#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
442#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
453#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
454#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
455#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
456#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
457#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
458#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
459#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
460#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
461
462/*
463** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
464**
465** These bit values are intended for use in the
466** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
467** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
468*/
469#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
470#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
471#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
472#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
473#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
474#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
475#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
476#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
477#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
478#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
479#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
480#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
481#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
482#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
483#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
484#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
485#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
486#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
487#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
488#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
489
490/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
491
492/*
493** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
494**
495** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
496** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
497** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
498** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
499** refers to.
500**
501** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
502** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
503** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
504** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
505** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
506** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
507** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
508** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
509** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
510** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
511** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
512** file that were written at the application level might have changed
513** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
514** guaranteed to be unchanged.
515*/
516#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
517#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
518#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
519#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
520#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
521#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
522#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
523#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
524#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
525#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
526#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
527#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
528#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
529
530/*
531** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
532**
533** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
534** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
535** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
536*/
537#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
538#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
539#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
540#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
541#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
542
543/*
544** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
545**
546** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
547** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
548** these integer values as the second argument.
549**
550** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
551** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
552** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
553** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
554** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
555** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
556**
557** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
558** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
559** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
560** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
561** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
562** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
563** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
564** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
565** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
566** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
567** cares about the difference.)
568*/
569#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
570#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
571#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
572
573/*
574** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
575**
576** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
577** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
578** implementations will
579** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
580** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
581** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
582** I/O operations on the open file.
583*/
584typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
585struct sqlite3_file {
586  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
587};
588
589/*
590** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
591**
592** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
593** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
594** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
595** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
596** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
597**
598** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
599** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
600** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
601** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
602** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
603** to NULL.
604**
605** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
606** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
607** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
608** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
609** and not its inode needs to be synced.
610**
611** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
612** <ul>
613** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
614** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
615** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
616** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
617** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
618** </ul>
619** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
620** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
621** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
622** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
623** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
624**
625** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
626** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
627** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
628** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
629** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
630** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
631** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
632** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
633** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
634** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
635** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
636** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
637** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
638** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
639** recognize.
640**
641** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
642** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
643** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
644** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
645** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
646** underlying device:
647**
648** <ul>
649** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
650** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
651** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
652** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
653** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
654** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
655** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
656** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
657** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
658** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
659** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
660** </ul>
661**
662** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
663** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
664** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
665** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
666** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
667** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
668** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
669** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
670** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
671** to xWrite().
672**
673** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
674** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
675** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
676** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
677** database corruption.
678*/
679typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
680struct sqlite3_io_methods {
681  int iVersion;
682  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
683  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
684  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
685  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
686  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
687  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
688  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
689  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
690  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
691  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
692  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
693  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
694  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
695  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
696  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
697  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
698  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
699  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
700  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
701};
702
703/*
704** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
705**
706** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
707** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
708** interface.
709**
710** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
711** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
712** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
713** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
714** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
715** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
716** is defined.
717** <ul>
718** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
719** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
720** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
721** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
722** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
723** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
724** file run faster.
725**
726** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
727** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
728** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
729** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
730** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
731** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
732** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
733** improve performance on some systems.
734**
735** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
736** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
737** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
738** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
739** additional information.
740**
741** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
742** ^(The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED] opcode is generated internally by
743** SQLite and sent to all VFSes in place of a call to the xSync method
744** when the database connection has [PRAGMA synchronous] set to OFF.)^
745** Some specialized VFSes need this signal in order to operate correctly
746** when [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] is set, but most
747** VFSes do not need this signal and should silently ignore this opcode.
748** Applications should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this
749** opcode as doing so may disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes
750** that do require it.
751**
752** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
753** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
754** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
755** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
756** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
757** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
758** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
759** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
760** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
761** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
762** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
763** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
764** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
765** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
766** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
767** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
768**
769** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
770** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
771** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
772** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
773** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
774** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
775** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
776** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
777** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
778** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
779** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
780** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
781** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
782** WAL persistence setting.
783**
784** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
785** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
786** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
787** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
788** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
789** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
790** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
791** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
792** zero-damage mode setting.
793**
794** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
795** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
796** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
797** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
798** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
799**
800** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
801** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
802** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
803** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
804** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
805** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
806** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
807** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
808** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
809** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
810** is intended for diagnostic use only.
811**
812** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
813** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
814** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
815** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
816** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
817** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
818** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
819** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
820** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
821** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
822** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
823** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
824** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
825** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
826** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
827** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
828** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
829** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
830** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
831** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
832** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
833** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
834** </ul>
835*/
836#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
837#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
838#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
839#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
840#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
841#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
842#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
843#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
844#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
845#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
846#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
847#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
848#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
849#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
850
851/*
852** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
853**
854** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
855** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
856** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
857** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
858**
859** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
860*/
861typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
862
863/*
864** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
865**
866** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
867** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
868** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
869** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
870**
871** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
872** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
873** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
874** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
875** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
876** modified.
877**
878** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
879** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
880** a pathname in this VFS.
881**
882** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
883** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
884** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
885** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
886** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
887** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
888**
889** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
890** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
891** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
892** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
893** object once the object has been registered.
894**
895** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
896** be unique across all VFS modules.
897**
898** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
899** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
900** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
901** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
902** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
903** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
904** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
905** ^SQLite further guarantees that
906** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
907** called. Because of the previous sentence,
908** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
909** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
910** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
911** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
912** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
913** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
914**
915** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
916** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
917** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
918** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
919** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
920** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
921**
922** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
923** call, depending on the object being opened:
924**
925** <ul>
926** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
927** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
928** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
929** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
930** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
931** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
932** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
933** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
934** </ul>)^
935**
936** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
937** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
938** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
939** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
940** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
941** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
942** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
943** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
944**
945** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
946**
947** <ul>
948** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
949** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
950** </ul>
951**
952** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
953** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
954** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
955** databases, and subjournals.
956**
957** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
958** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
959** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
960** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
961** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
962** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
963** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
964** for exclusive access.
965**
966** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
967** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
968** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
969** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
970** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
971** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
972** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
973** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
974** or failure of the xOpen call.
975**
976** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
977** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
978** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
979** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
980** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
981** directory.
982**
983** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
984** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
985** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
986** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
987** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
988** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
989**
990** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
991** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
992** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
993** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
994** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
995** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
996** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
997** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
998** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
999** a floating point value.
1000** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1001** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1002** a 24-hour day).
1003** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1004** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1005** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1006** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1007**
1008** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1009** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1010** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1011** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1012** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1013** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1014** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1015** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1016** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1017** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1018** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1019*/
1020typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1021typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1022struct sqlite3_vfs {
1023  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1024  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1025  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1026  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1027  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1028  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1029  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1030               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1031  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1032  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1033  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1034  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1035  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1036  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1037  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1038  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1039  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1040  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1041  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1042  /*
1043  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1044  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1045  */
1046  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1047  /*
1048  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1049  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1050  */
1051  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1052  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1053  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1054  /*
1055  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1056  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1057  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1058  */
1059};
1060
1061/*
1062** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1063**
1064** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1065** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1066** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1067** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1068** simply checks whether the file exists.
1069** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1070** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1071** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1072** the directory).
1073** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1074** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1075** release of SQLite.
1076** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1077** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1078** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1079** SQLite.
1080*/
1081#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1082#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1083#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1084
1085/*
1086** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1087**
1088** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1089** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1090** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1091** xShmLock method:
1092**
1093** <ul>
1094** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1095** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1096** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1097** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1098** </ul>
1099**
1100** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1101** was given no the corresponding lock.
1102**
1103** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1104** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1105** and EXCLUSIVE.
1106*/
1107#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1108#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1109#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1110#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1111
1112/*
1113** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1114**
1115** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1116** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1117** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1118** lock outside of this range
1119*/
1120#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1121
1122
1123/*
1124** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1125**
1126** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1127** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1128** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1129** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1130** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1131** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1132**
1133** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1134** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1135** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1136** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1137** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1138** are harmless no-ops.)^
1139**
1140** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1141** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1142** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1143** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1144**
1145** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1146** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1147** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1148** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1149** sqlite3_shutdown().
1150**
1151** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1152** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1153** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1154**
1155** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1156** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1157** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1158** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1159**
1160** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1161** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1162** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1163** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1164** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1165** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1166** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1167** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1168** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1169** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1170** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1171** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1172** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1173** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1174**
1175** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1176** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1177** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1178** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1179** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1180** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1181** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1182**
1183** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1184** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1185** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1186** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1187** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1188** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1189** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1190** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1191** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1192** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1193** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1194** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1195** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1196** failure.
1197*/
1198int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1199int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1200int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1201int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1202
1203/*
1204** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1205**
1206** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1207** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1208** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1209** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1210** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1211**
1212** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1213** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1214** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1215** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1216** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1217** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1218** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1219** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1220** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1221**
1222** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1223** [configuration option] that determines
1224** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1225** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1226** in the first argument.
1227**
1228** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1229** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1230** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1231*/
1232int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1233
1234/*
1235** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1236**
1237** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1238** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1239** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1240** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1241**
1242** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1243** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1244** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1245** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1246**
1247** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1248** the call is considered successful.
1249*/
1250int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1251
1252/*
1253** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1254**
1255** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1256** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1257**
1258** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1259** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1260** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1261** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1262** By creating an instance of this object
1263** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1264** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1265** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1266** dynamic memory needs.
1267**
1268** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1269** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1270** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1271** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1272** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1273** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1274** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1275** conditions.
1276**
1277** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1278** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1279** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1280** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1281**
1282** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1283** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1284** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1285**
1286** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1287** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1288** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1289** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1290** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1291** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1292** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1293**
1294** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1295** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1296** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1297** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1298** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1299** xInit and xShutdown.
1300**
1301** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1302** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1303** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1304** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1305** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1306** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1307** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1308** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1309** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1310** serialization.
1311**
1312** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1313** call to xShutdown().
1314*/
1315typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1316struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1317  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1318  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1319  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1320  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1321  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1322  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1323  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1324  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1325};
1326
1327/*
1328** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1329** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1330**
1331** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1332** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1333**
1334** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1335** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1336** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1337** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1338** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1339** is invoked.
1340**
1341** <dl>
1342** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1343** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1344** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1345** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1346** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1347** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1348** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1349** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1350** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1351** configuration option.</dd>
1352**
1353** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1354** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1355** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1356** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1357** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1358** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1359** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1360** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1361** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1362** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1363** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1364** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1365** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1366**
1367** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1368** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1369** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1370** all mutexes including the recursive
1371** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1372** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1373** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1374** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1375** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1376** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1377** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1378** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1379** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1380** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1381** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1382**
1383** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1384** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1385** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1386** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1387** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1388** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1389** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1390**
1391** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1392** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1393** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1394** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1395** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1396** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1397** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1398**
1399** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1400** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1401** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1402** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1403** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1404**   <ul>
1405**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1406**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1407**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1408**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1409**   </ul>)^
1410** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1411** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1412** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1413** </dd>
1414**
1415** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1416** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1417** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1418** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1419** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1420** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1421** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1422** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1423** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1424** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1425** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1426** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1427** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1428** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1429** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1430**
1431** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1432** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1433** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1434** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1435** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1436** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1437** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1438** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1439** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1440** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1441** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1442** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1443** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1444** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1445** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1446** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1447** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1448** The pointer in the first argument must
1449** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1450** will be undefined.</dd>
1451**
1452** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1453** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1454** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1455** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1456** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1457** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1458** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1459** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1460** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1461** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1462** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1463** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1464** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1465** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1466** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1467** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1468**
1469** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1470** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1471** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1472** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1473** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1474** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1475** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1476** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1477** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1478** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1479** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1480**
1481** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1482** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1483** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1484** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1485** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1486** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1487** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1488** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1489** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1490** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1491** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1492** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1493**
1494** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1495** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1496** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1497** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1498** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1499** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1500** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1501** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1502** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1503**
1504** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1505** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1506** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1507** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1508** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1509**
1510** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1511** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1512** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1513** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1514**
1515** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1516** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1517** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1518** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1519** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1520** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1521** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1522** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1523** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1524** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1525** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1526** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1527** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1528** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1529** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1530** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1531** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1532**
1533** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1534** <dd> This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1535** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1536** is globally disabled. If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1537** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1538** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1539** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1540** connection is opened. If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1541** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1542** database connection is opened. By default, URI handling is globally
1543** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1544** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.
1545**
1546** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1547** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1548** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1549** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1550** </dl>
1551*/
1552#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1553#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1554#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1555#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1556#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1557#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1558#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1559#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1560#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1561#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1562#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1563/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1564#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1565#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1566#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1567#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1568#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1569#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1570#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1571
1572/*
1573** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1574**
1575** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1576** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1577**
1578** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1579** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1580** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1581** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1582** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1583** is invoked.
1584**
1585** <dl>
1586** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1587** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1588** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1589** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1590** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1591** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1592** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1593** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1594** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1595** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1596** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1597** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1598** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1599** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1600** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1601** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1602** when the "current value" returned by
1603** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1604** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1605** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1606** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1607**
1608** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1609** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1610** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1611** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1612** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1613** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1614** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1615** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1616** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1617**
1618** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1619** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1620** There should be two additional arguments.
1621** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1622** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1623** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1624** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1625** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1626** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1627**
1628** </dl>
1629*/
1630#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1631#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1632#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1633
1634
1635/*
1636** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1637**
1638** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1639** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1640** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1641*/
1642int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1643
1644/*
1645** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1646**
1647** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1648** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1649** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1650** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1651** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1652** is another alias for the rowid.
1653**
1654** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1655** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1656** in the first argument.  ^As of SQLite version 3.7.7, this routines
1657** records the last insert rowid of both ordinary tables and [virtual tables].
1658** ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1659** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1660**
1661** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1662** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1663** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1664** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1665** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1666** table method began.)^
1667**
1668** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1669** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1670** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1671** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1672** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1673** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1674** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1675** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1676** the return value of this interface.)^
1677**
1678** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1679** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1680**
1681** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1682** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1683**
1684** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1685** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1686** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1687** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1688** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1689** last insert [rowid].
1690*/
1691sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1692
1693/*
1694** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1695**
1696** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1697** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1698** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1699** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1700** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1701** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1702** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1703** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1704**
1705** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1706** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1707**
1708** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1709** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1710** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1711** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1712** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1713**
1714** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1715** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1716** Most SQL statements are
1717** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1718** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1719** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1720** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1721**
1722** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1723** not create a new trigger context.
1724**
1725** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1726** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1727** trigger context.
1728**
1729** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1730** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1731** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1732** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1733** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1734** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1735** However, the number returned does not include changes
1736** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1737**
1738** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1739** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1740**
1741** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1742** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1743** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1744*/
1745int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1746
1747/*
1748** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1749**
1750** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1751** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1752** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1753** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1754** [foreign key actions]. However,
1755** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1756** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1757** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1758** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1759** are counted.)^
1760** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1761** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1762** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1763**
1764** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1765** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1766**
1767** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1768** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1769** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1770*/
1771int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1772
1773/*
1774** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1775**
1776** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1777** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1778** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1779** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1780** immediately.
1781**
1782** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1783** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1784** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1785** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1786**
1787** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1788** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1789** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1790**
1791** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1792** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1793** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1794** will be rolled back automatically.
1795**
1796** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1797** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1798** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1799** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1800** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1801** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1802** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1803** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1804** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1805** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1806**
1807** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1808** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1809*/
1810void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1811
1812/*
1813** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1814**
1815** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1816** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1817** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1818** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1819** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1820** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1821** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1822** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1823** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1824** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1825** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1826**
1827** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1828** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1829**
1830** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1831** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1832**
1833** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1834** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1835** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1836** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1837** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1838**
1839** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1840** UTF-8 string.
1841**
1842** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1843** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1844*/
1845int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1846int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1847
1848/*
1849** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1850**
1851** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1852** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1853** or process has locked.
1854**
1855** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1856** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1857** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1858**
1859** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1860** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1861** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1862** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1863** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1864** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1865** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1866** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1867**
1868** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1869** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1870** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1871** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1872** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1873** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1874** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1875** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1876** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1877** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1878** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1879** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1880** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1881** the second process to proceed.
1882**
1883** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1884**
1885** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1886** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1887** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1888** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1889** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1890** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1891** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1892** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1893** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1894** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1895** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1896** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1897** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1898** this is important.
1899**
1900** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1901** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1902** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1903** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1904**
1905** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1906** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1907** result in undefined behavior.
1908**
1909** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1910** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1911*/
1912int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1913
1914/*
1915** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1916**
1917** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1918** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1919** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1920** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1921** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1922** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1923**
1924** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1925** turns off all busy handlers.
1926**
1927** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1928** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1929** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1930** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1931*/
1932int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1933
1934/*
1935** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1936**
1937** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
1938** Use of this interface is not recommended.
1939**
1940** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1941** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1942** complete query results from one or more queries.
1943**
1944** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1945** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1946** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1947** and M be the number of columns.
1948**
1949** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1950** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1951** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1952** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1953** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1954** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
1955**
1956** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
1957** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1958** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1959**
1960** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1961** is as follows:
1962**
1963** <blockquote><pre>
1964**        Name        | Age
1965**        -----------------------
1966**        Alice       | 43
1967**        Bob         | 28
1968**        Cindy       | 21
1969** </pre></blockquote>
1970**
1971** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1972** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1973** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1974**
1975** <blockquote><pre>
1976**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1977**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1978**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1979**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1980**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
1981**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
1982**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
1983**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
1984** </pre></blockquote>)^
1985**
1986** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
1987** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
1988** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
1989** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
1990**
1991** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
1992** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
1993** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
1994** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
1995** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
1996** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
1997**
1998** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
1999** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2000** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2001** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2002** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2003** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2004** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2005*/
2006int sqlite3_get_table(
2007  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2008  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2009  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2010  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2011  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2012  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2013);
2014void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2015
2016/*
2017** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2018**
2019** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2020** from the standard C library.
2021**
2022** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2023** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2024** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2025** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2026** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2027** memory to hold the resulting string.
2028**
2029** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2030** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2031** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2032** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2033** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2034** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2035** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2036** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2037** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2038** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2039** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2040** now without breaking compatibility.
2041**
2042** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2043** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2044** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2045** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2046** written will be n-1 characters.
2047**
2048** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2049**
2050** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2051** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2052** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2053** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2054**
2055** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2056** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2057** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2058** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2059** the string.
2060**
2061** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2062**
2063** <blockquote><pre>
2064**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2065** </pre></blockquote>
2066**
2067** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2068**
2069** <blockquote><pre>
2070**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2071**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2072**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2073** </pre></blockquote>
2074**
2075** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2076** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2077**
2078** <blockquote><pre>
2079**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2080** </pre></blockquote>
2081**
2082** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2083** would have looked like this:
2084**
2085** <blockquote><pre>
2086**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2087** </pre></blockquote>
2088**
2089** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2090** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2091**
2092** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2093** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2094** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2095** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2096**
2097** <blockquote><pre>
2098**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2099**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2100**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2101** </pre></blockquote>
2102**
2103** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2104** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2105**
2106** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2107** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2108** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2109*/
2110char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2111char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2112char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2113char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2114
2115/*
2116** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2117**
2118** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2119** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2120** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2121** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2122**
2123** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2124** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2125** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2126** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2127** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2128** a NULL pointer.
2129**
2130** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2131** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2132** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2133** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2134** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2135** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2136** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2137** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2138** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2139** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2140**
2141** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2142** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2143** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2144** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2145** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2146** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2147** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2148** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2149** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2150** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2151** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2152** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2153** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2154** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2155** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2156** is not freed.
2157**
2158** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2159** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2160** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2161** option is used.
2162**
2163** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2164** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2165** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2166** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2167**
2168** The Windows OS interface layer calls
2169** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2170** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2171** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2172** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
2173** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2174** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2175**
2176** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2177** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2178** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2179** not yet been released.
2180**
2181** The application must not read or write any part of
2182** a block of memory after it has been released using
2183** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2184*/
2185void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2186void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2187void sqlite3_free(void*);
2188
2189/*
2190** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2191**
2192** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2193** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2194** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2195**
2196** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2197** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2198** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2199** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2200** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2201** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2202** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2203** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2204** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2205**
2206** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2207** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2208** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2209** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2210** prior to the reset.
2211*/
2212sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2213sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2214
2215/*
2216** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2217**
2218** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2219** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2220** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2221** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2222** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2223**
2224** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2225**
2226** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2227** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2228** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2229** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2230** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2231** method.
2232*/
2233void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2234
2235/*
2236** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2237**
2238** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2239** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2240** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2241** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2242** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2243** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2244** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2245** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2246** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2247** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2248** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2249** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2250** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2251** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2252** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2253**
2254** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2255** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2256** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2257** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2258** access is denied.
2259**
2260** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2261** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2262** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2263** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2264** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2265** details about the action to be authorized.
2266**
2267** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2268** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2269** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2270** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2271** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2272** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2273** columns of a table.
2274** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2275** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2276** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2277**
2278** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2279** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2280** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2281** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2282** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2283** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2284** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2285** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2286** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2287** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2288**
2289** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2290** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2291** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2292** in addition to using an authorizer.
2293**
2294** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2295** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2296** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2297** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2298**
2299** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2300** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2301** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2302** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2303**
2304** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2305** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2306** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2307** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2308**
2309** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2310** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2311** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2312** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2313** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2314*/
2315int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2316  sqlite3*,
2317  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2318  void *pUserData
2319);
2320
2321/*
2322** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2323**
2324** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2325** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2326** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2327** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2328** information.
2329**
2330** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2331** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2332*/
2333#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2334#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2335
2336/*
2337** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2338**
2339** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2340** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2341** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2342** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2343** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2344**
2345** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2346** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2347** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2348** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2349** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2350** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2351** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2352** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2353** top-level SQL code.
2354*/
2355/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2356#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2357#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2358#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2359#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2360#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2361#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2362#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2363#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2364#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2365#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2366#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2367#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2368#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2369#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2370#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2371#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2372#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2373#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2374#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2375#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2376#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2377#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2378#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2379#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2380#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2381#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2382#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2383#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2384#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2385#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2386#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2387#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2388#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2389
2390/*
2391** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2392**
2393** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2394** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2395**
2396** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2397** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2398** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2399** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2400** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2401** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2402** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2403**
2404** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2405** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2406** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2407** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2408** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2409** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2410** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2411** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2412** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2413** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2414*/
2415void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2416SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2417   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2418
2419/*
2420** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2421**
2422** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2423** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2424** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2425** database connection D.  An example use for this
2426** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2427**
2428** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2429** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2430** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2431** invocations of the callback X.
2432**
2433** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2434** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2435** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2436** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2437** than 1.
2438**
2439** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2440** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2441** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2442**
2443** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2444** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2445** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2446** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2447**
2448*/
2449void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2450
2451/*
2452** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2453**
2454** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2455** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2456** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2457** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2458** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2459** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2460** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2461** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2462** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2463** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2464** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2465** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2466**
2467** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2468** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2469** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2470**
2471** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2472** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2473** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2474**
2475** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2476** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2477** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2478** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2479** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2480** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2481** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2482**
2483** <dl>
2484** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2485** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2486** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2487**
2488** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2489** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2490** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2491** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2492**
2493** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2494** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2495** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2496** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2497** </dl>
2498**
2499** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2500** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2501** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2502** then the behavior is undefined.
2503**
2504** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2505** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2506** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2507** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2508** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2509** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2510** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2511** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2512** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2513** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2514** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2515**
2516** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2517** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2518** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2519** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2520**
2521** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2522** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2523** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2524** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2525** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2526** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2527** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2528**
2529** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2530** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2531** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2532**
2533** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2534**
2535** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2536** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2537** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2538** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2539** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2540** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2541** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2542** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2543** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2544** information.
2545**
2546** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2547** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2548** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2549** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2550** present, is ignored.
2551**
2552** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2553** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2554** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2555** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2556** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2557** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2558** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2559**
2560** [[core URI query parameters]]
2561** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2562** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2563** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2564**
2565** <ul>
2566**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2567**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2568**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2569**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2570**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2571**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2572**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2573**
2574**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2575**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2576**     an error)^.
2577**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2578**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2579**     third argument to sqlite3_prepare_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2580**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2581**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2582**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2583**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2584**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2585**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2586**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2587**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2588**
2589**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2590**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2591**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2592**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2593**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2594**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2595**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behaviour requested by setting
2596**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2597** </ul>
2598**
2599** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2600** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2601** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2602** additional information.
2603**
2604** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2605**
2606** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2607** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2608** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2609**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2610** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2611**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2612**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2613**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2614** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2615**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2616** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2617**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2618**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2619**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2620**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2621**          in URI filenames.
2622** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2623**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2624**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2625**          default, use a private cache.
2626** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2627**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2628** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2629**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2630** </table>
2631**
2632** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2633** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2634** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2635** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2636** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2637** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2638** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2639** the results are undefined.
2640**
2641** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2642** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2643** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2644** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2645** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2646*/
2647int sqlite3_open(
2648  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2649  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2650);
2651int sqlite3_open16(
2652  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2653  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2654);
2655int sqlite3_open_v2(
2656  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2657  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2658  int flags,              /* Flags */
2659  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2660);
2661
2662/*
2663** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2664**
2665** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2666** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2667** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2668**
2669** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2670** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2671** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2672** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2673** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2674** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2675** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2676** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2677** a pointer to an empty string.
2678**
2679** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2680** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2681** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2682** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2683** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2684** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2685** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2686** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2687** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2688** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2689**
2690** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2691** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2692** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2693** zero is returned.
2694**
2695** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2696** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2697** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2698** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2699** undesirable.
2700*/
2701const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2702int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2703sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2704
2705
2706/*
2707** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2708**
2709** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2710** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2711** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2712** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2713** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2714** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2715** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2716** disabled.
2717**
2718** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2719** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2720** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2721** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2722** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2723** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2724**
2725** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2726** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2727** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2728** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2729** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2730** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2731** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2732** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2733** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2734**
2735** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2736** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2737** error code and message may or may not be set.
2738*/
2739int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2740int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2741const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2742const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2743
2744/*
2745** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2746** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2747**
2748** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2749** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2750** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2751**
2752** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2753**
2754** <ol>
2755** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2756**      function.
2757** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2758**      interfaces.
2759** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2760** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2761**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2762** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2763** </ol>
2764**
2765** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2766** information.
2767*/
2768typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2769
2770/*
2771** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2772**
2773** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2774** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2775** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2776** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2777** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2778** new limit for that construct.)^
2779**
2780** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2781** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2782** [limits | hard upper bound]
2783** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2784** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2785** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2786** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2787** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2788**
2789** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2790** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2791** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2792** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2793**
2794** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2795** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2796** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2797** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2798** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2799** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2800** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2801** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2802** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2803** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2804** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2805** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2806**
2807** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2808*/
2809int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2810
2811/*
2812** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2813** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2814**
2815** These constants define various performance limits
2816** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2817** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2818** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2819**
2820** <dl>
2821** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2822** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2823**
2824** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2825** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2826**
2827** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2828** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2829** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2830** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2831**
2832** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2833** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2834**
2835** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2836** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2837**
2838** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2839** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2840** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2841** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2842** SQLite.</dd>)^
2843**
2844** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2845** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2846**
2847** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2848** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2849**
2850** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
2851** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2852** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2853** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2854**
2855** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
2856** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2857** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2858**
2859** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2860** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2861** </dl>
2862*/
2863#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2864#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2865#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2866#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2867#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2868#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2869#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2870#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2871#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2872#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2873#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2874
2875/*
2876** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2877** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2878**
2879** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2880** program using one of these routines.
2881**
2882** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2883** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2884** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2885**
2886** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2887** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2888** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2889** use UTF-16.
2890**
2891** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2892** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2893** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2894** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2895** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2896** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2897** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2898** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2899** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
2900** make a copy of the input string.
2901**
2902** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2903** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2904** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2905** what remains uncompiled.
2906**
2907** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2908** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2909** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2910** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2911** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2912** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2913** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2914**
2915** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2916** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2917**
2918** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2919** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2920** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2921** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2922** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2923** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2924** behave differently in three ways:
2925**
2926** <ol>
2927** <li>
2928** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2929** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2930** statement and try to run it again.
2931** </li>
2932**
2933** <li>
2934** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2935** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
2936** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2937** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
2938** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2939** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2940** </li>
2941**
2942** <li>
2943** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
2944** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
2945** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
2946** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
2947** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
2948** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
2949** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
2950** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
2951** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
2952** the
2953** </li>
2954** </ol>
2955*/
2956int sqlite3_prepare(
2957  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2958  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2959  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2960  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2961  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2962);
2963int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2964  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2965  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2966  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2967  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2968  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2969);
2970int sqlite3_prepare16(
2971  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2972  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2973  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2974  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2975  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2976);
2977int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2978  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2979  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2980  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2981  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2982  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2983);
2984
2985/*
2986** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
2987**
2988** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
2989** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
2990** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2991*/
2992const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2993
2994/*
2995** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
2996**
2997** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
2998** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
2999** the content of the database file.
3000**
3001** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3002** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3003** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3004** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3005** change the database file through side-effects:
3006**
3007** <blockquote><pre>
3008**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3009** </pre></blockquote>
3010**
3011** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3012** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3013**
3014** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3015** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3016** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3017** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3018** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3019** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3020** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3021** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3022*/
3023int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3024
3025/*
3026** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3027**
3028** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3029** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3030** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3031** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3032** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3033** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3034** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3035**
3036** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3037** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3038** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3039** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3040** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3041*/
3042int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3043
3044/*
3045** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3046** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3047**
3048** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3049** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3050** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3051** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3052**
3053** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3054** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3055** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3056** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3057** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3058**
3059** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3060** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3061** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3062** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3063** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3064** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3065** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3066** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3067** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3068** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3069** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3070** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3071**
3072** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3073** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3074** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3075** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3076** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3077** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3078** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3079** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3080*/
3081typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3082
3083/*
3084** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3085**
3086** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3087** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3088** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3089** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3090** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3091** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3092** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3093** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3094*/
3095typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3096
3097/*
3098** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3099** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3100** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3101**
3102** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3103** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3104** templates:
3105**
3106** <ul>
3107** <li>  ?
3108** <li>  ?NNN
3109** <li>  :VVV
3110** <li>  @VVV
3111** <li>  $VVV
3112** </ul>
3113**
3114** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3115** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3116** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3117** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3118**
3119** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3120** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3121** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3122**
3123** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3124** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3125** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3126** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3127** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3128** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3129** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3130** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3131** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3132**
3133** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3134**
3135** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3136** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3137** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3138** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
3139** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3140** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3141** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3142** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3143** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3144** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3145** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3146** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3147**
3148** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3149** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3150** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3151** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3152** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3153** ^If the fifth argument is
3154** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3155** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3156** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3157** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3158** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3159**
3160** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3161** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3162** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3163** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3164** content is later written using
3165** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3166** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3167**
3168** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3169** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3170** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3171** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3172** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3173** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3174**
3175** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3176** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3177**
3178** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3179** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3180** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3181** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3182**
3183** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3184** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3185*/
3186int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3187int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3188int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3189int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3190int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3191int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3192int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3193int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3194int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3195
3196/*
3197** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3198**
3199** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3200** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3201** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3202** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3203** to the parameters at a later time.
3204**
3205** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3206** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3207** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3208** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3209**
3210** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3211** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3212** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3213*/
3214int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3215
3216/*
3217** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3218**
3219** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3220** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3221** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3222** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3223** respectively.
3224** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3225** is included as part of the name.)^
3226** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3227** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3228**
3229** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3230**
3231** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3232** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3233** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3234** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3235** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3236**
3237** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3238** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3239** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3240*/
3241const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3242
3243/*
3244** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3245**
3246** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3247** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3248** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3249** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3250** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3251** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3252**
3253** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3254** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3255** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3256*/
3257int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3258
3259/*
3260** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3261**
3262** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3263** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3264** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3265*/
3266int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3267
3268/*
3269** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3270**
3271** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3272** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3273** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3274**
3275** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3276*/
3277int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3278
3279/*
3280** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3281**
3282** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3283** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3284** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3285** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3286** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3287** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3288** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3289**
3290** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3291** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3292** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3293** or until the next call to
3294** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3295**
3296** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3297** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3298** NULL pointer is returned.
3299**
3300** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3301** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3302** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3303** one release of SQLite to the next.
3304*/
3305const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3306const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3307
3308/*
3309** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3310**
3311** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3312** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3313** [SELECT] statement.
3314** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3315** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3316** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3317** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3318** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3319** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3320** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3321** or until the same information is requested
3322** again in a different encoding.
3323**
3324** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3325** database, table, and column.
3326**
3327** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3328** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3329** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3330** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3331**
3332** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3333** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3334** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3335** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3336** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3337**
3338** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3339** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3340**
3341** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3342** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3343**
3344** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3345** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3346** undefined.
3347**
3348** If two or more threads call one or more
3349** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3350** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3351** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3352*/
3353const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3354const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3355const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3356const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3357const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3358const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3359
3360/*
3361** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3362**
3363** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3364** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3365** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3366** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3367** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3368** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3369** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3370**
3371** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3372**
3373** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3374**
3375** and the following statement to be compiled:
3376**
3377** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3378**
3379** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3380** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3381**
3382** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3383** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3384** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3385** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3386** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3387** used to hold those values.
3388*/
3389const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3390const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3391
3392/*
3393** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3394**
3395** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3396** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3397** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3398** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3399**
3400** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3401** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3402** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3403** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3404** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3405** interface will continue to be supported.
3406**
3407** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3408** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3409** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3410** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3411**
3412** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3413** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3414** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3415** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3416** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3417** continuing.
3418**
3419** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3420** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3421** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3422** machine back to its initial state.
3423**
3424** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3425** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3426** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3427** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3428**
3429** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3430** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3431** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3432** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3433** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3434** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3435** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3436** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3437**
3438** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3439** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3440** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3441** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3442** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3443** more threads at the same moment in time.
3444**
3445** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3446** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3447** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3448** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3449** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3450** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3451** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3452** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3453** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3454** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3455** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3456**
3457** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3458** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3459** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3460** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3461** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3462** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3463** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3464** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3465** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3466** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3467** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3468*/
3469int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3470
3471/*
3472** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3473**
3474** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3475** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3476** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3477** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3478** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3479** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3480** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3481** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3482** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3483** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3484** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3485** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3486**
3487** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3488*/
3489int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3490
3491/*
3492** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3493** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3494**
3495** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3496**
3497** <ul>
3498** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3499** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3500** <li> string
3501** <li> BLOB
3502** <li> NULL
3503** </ul>)^
3504**
3505** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3506**
3507** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3508** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3509** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3510** SQLITE_TEXT.
3511*/
3512#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3513#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3514#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3515#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3516#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3517# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3518#else
3519# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3520#endif
3521#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3522
3523/*
3524** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3525** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3526**
3527** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3528**
3529** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3530** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3531** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3532** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3533** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3534** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3535** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3536** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3537**
3538** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3539** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3540** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3541** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3542** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3543** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3544** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3545** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3546** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3547** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3548** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3549**
3550** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3551** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3552** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3553** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3554** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3555** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3556** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3557** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3558** following a type conversion.
3559**
3560** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3561** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3562** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3563** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3564** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3565** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3566** the number of bytes in that string.
3567** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3568**
3569** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3570** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3571** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3572** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3573** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3574** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3575** the number of bytes in that string.
3576** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3577**
3578** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3579** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3580** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3581** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3582** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3583**
3584** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3585** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3586** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3587**
3588** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3589** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3590** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3591** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3592** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3593** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3594** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3595**
3596** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3597** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3598** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3599** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3600** that are applied:
3601**
3602** <blockquote>
3603** <table border="1">
3604** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3605**
3606** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3607** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3608** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3609** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3610** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3611** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3612** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3613** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3614** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3615** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3616** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3617** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3618** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3619** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3620** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3621** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3622** </table>
3623** </blockquote>)^
3624**
3625** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3626** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3627** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3628** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3629** C programmers.
3630**
3631** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3632** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3633** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3634** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3635** in the following cases:
3636**
3637** <ul>
3638** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3639**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3640**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3641** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3642**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3643**      to UTF-16.</li>
3644** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3645**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3646**      to UTF-8.</li>
3647** </ul>
3648**
3649** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3650** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3651** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3652** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3653** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3654**
3655** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3656** in one of the following ways:
3657**
3658** <ul>
3659**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3660**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3661**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3662** </ul>
3663**
3664** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3665** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3666** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3667** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3668** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3669** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3670** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3671**
3672** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3673** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3674** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3675** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3676** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3677** [sqlite3_free()].
3678**
3679** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3680** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3681** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3682** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3683** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3684*/
3685const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3686int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3687int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3688double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3689int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3690sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3691const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3692const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3693int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3694sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3695
3696/*
3697** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3698**
3699** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3700** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3701** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3702** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3703** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3704** [extended error code].
3705**
3706** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3707** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3708** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3709** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3710** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3711** completed execution.
3712**
3713** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3714**
3715** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3716** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3717** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3718** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3719** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3720*/
3721int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3722
3723/*
3724** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3725**
3726** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3727** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3728** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3729** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3730** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3731**
3732** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3733** back to the beginning of its program.
3734**
3735** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3736** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3737** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3738** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3739**
3740** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3741** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3742** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3743**
3744** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3745** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3746*/
3747int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3748
3749/*
3750** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3751** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3752** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3753** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3754**
3755** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3756** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3757** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3758** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3759** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3760** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3761** the application data pointer.
3762**
3763** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3764** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3765** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3766** to each database connection separately.
3767**
3768** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3769** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3770** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3771** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3772** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3773** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3774**
3775** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3776** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3777** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3778** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3779** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3780** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3781** undefined.
3782**
3783** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3784** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3785** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3786** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3787** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3788** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3789** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3790** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3791** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3792** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3793** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3794**
3795** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3796** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3797**
3798** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3799** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3800** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3801** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3802** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3803** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3804** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
3805** callbacks.
3806**
3807** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3808** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
3809** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3810** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
3811** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
3812** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
3813** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3814** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
3815** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3816**
3817** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3818** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3819** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3820** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3821** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3822** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3823** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3824** matches the database encoding is a better
3825** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3826** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3827** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3828** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3829**
3830** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3831**
3832** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3833** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3834** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3835** statement in which the function is running.
3836*/
3837int sqlite3_create_function(
3838  sqlite3 *db,
3839  const char *zFunctionName,
3840  int nArg,
3841  int eTextRep,
3842  void *pApp,
3843  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3844  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3845  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3846);
3847int sqlite3_create_function16(
3848  sqlite3 *db,
3849  const void *zFunctionName,
3850  int nArg,
3851  int eTextRep,
3852  void *pApp,
3853  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3854  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3855  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3856);
3857int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3858  sqlite3 *db,
3859  const char *zFunctionName,
3860  int nArg,
3861  int eTextRep,
3862  void *pApp,
3863  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3864  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3865  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3866  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3867);
3868
3869/*
3870** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3871**
3872** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3873** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3874*/
3875#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3876#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3877#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3878#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3879#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3880#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3881
3882/*
3883** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3884** DEPRECATED
3885**
3886** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3887** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3888** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3889** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3890** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3891*/
3892#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3893SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3894SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3895SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3896SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3897SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3898SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3899#endif
3900
3901/*
3902** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3903**
3904** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3905** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3906** the function or aggregate.
3907**
3908** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3909** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3910** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3911** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3912** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3913** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3914** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3915**
3916** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3917** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3918** object results in undefined behavior.
3919**
3920** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3921** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3922** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3923**
3924** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3925** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
3926** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3927** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3928**
3929** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3930** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3931** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3932** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3933** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3934** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3935** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
3936**
3937** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3938** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3939** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3940** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3941** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3942**
3943** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3944** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3945*/
3946const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3947int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3948int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3949double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3950int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3951sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3952const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3953const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3954const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3955const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3956int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3957int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3958
3959/*
3960** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
3961**
3962** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
3963** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
3964**
3965** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
3966** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
3967** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
3968** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
3969** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
3970** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
3971** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
3972** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
3973** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
3974** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
3975** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
3976** first time from within xFinal().)^
3977**
3978** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
3979** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
3980**
3981** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
3982** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
3983** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
3984** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
3985** allocation.)^
3986**
3987** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
3988** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
3989**
3990** The first parameter must be a copy of the
3991** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
3992** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
3993** function.
3994**
3995** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3996** the aggregate SQL function is running.
3997*/
3998void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
3999
4000/*
4001** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4002**
4003** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4004** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4005** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4006** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4007** registered the application defined function.
4008**
4009** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4010** the application-defined function is running.
4011*/
4012void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4013
4014/*
4015** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4016**
4017** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4018** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4019** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4020** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4021** registered the application defined function.
4022*/
4023sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4024
4025/*
4026** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4027**
4028** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
4029** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4030** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4031** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
4032** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
4033** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
4034** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
4035** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4036** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
4037** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
4038**
4039** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4040** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4041** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
4042** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
4043** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
4044** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
4045**
4046** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
4047** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
4048** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
4049** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
4050** not been destroyed.
4051** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
4052** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
4053** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
4054** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
4055**
4056** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
4057** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
4058** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
4059**
4060** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4061** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
4062** values and [parameters].)^
4063**
4064** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4065** the SQL function is running.
4066*/
4067void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4068void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4069
4070
4071/*
4072** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4073**
4074** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4075** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4076** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4077** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4078** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4079** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4080** the content before returning.
4081**
4082** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4083** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
4084*/
4085typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4086#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4087#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4088
4089/*
4090** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4091**
4092** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4093** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4094** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4095** for additional information.
4096**
4097** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4098** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4099** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4100**
4101** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4102** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4103** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4104** third parameter.
4105**
4106** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4107** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4108** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4109**
4110** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4111** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4112** by its 2nd argument.
4113**
4114** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4115** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4116** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4117** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4118** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4119** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4120** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4121** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4122** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4123** message all text up through the first zero character.
4124** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4125** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4126** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4127** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4128** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4129** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4130** modify the text after they return without harm.
4131** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4132** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4133** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4134** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4135**
4136** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4137** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4138**
4139** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4140** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4141**
4142** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4143** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4144** value given in the 2nd argument.
4145** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4146** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4147** value given in the 2nd argument.
4148**
4149** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4150** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4151**
4152** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4153** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4154** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4155** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4156** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4157** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4158** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4159** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4160** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4161** through the first zero character.
4162** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4163** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4164** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4165** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4166** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4167** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4168** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4169** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4170** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4171** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4172** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4173** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4174** finished using that result.
4175** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4176** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4177** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4178** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4179** when it has finished using that result.
4180** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4181** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4182** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4183** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4184**
4185** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4186** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4187** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4188** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4189** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4190** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4191** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4192** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4193** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4194**
4195** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4196** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4197** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4198*/
4199void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4200void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4201void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4202void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4203void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4204void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4205void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4206void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4207void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4208void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4209void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4210void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4211void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4212void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4213void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4214void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4215
4216/*
4217** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4218**
4219** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4220** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4221**
4222** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4223** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4224** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4225** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4226** considered to be the same name.
4227**
4228** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4229** <ul>
4230** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4231** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4232** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4233** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4234** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4235** </ul>)^
4236** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4237** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4238** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4239** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4240** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4241** on an even byte address.
4242**
4243** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4244** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4245**
4246** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4247** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4248** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4249** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4250** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4251** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4252** that collation is no longer usable.
4253**
4254** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4255** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4256** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4257** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4258** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4259** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4260** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4261** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4262** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4263** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4264** strings A, B, and C:
4265**
4266** <ol>
4267** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4268** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4269** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4270** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4271** </ol>
4272**
4273** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4274** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4275** is undefined.
4276**
4277** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4278** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4279** the collating function is deleted.
4280** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4281** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4282** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4283**
4284** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4285** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4286** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4287** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4288** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4289** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4290** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4291** compatibility.
4292**
4293** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4294*/
4295int sqlite3_create_collation(
4296  sqlite3*,
4297  const char *zName,
4298  int eTextRep,
4299  void *pArg,
4300  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4301);
4302int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4303  sqlite3*,
4304  const char *zName,
4305  int eTextRep,
4306  void *pArg,
4307  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4308  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4309);
4310int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4311  sqlite3*,
4312  const void *zName,
4313  int eTextRep,
4314  void *pArg,
4315  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4316);
4317
4318/*
4319** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4320**
4321** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4322** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4323** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4324** sequence is required.
4325**
4326** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4327** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4328** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4329** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4330** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4331**
4332** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4333** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4334** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4335** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4336** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4337** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4338** required collation sequence.)^
4339**
4340** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4341** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4342** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4343*/
4344int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4345  sqlite3*,
4346  void*,
4347  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4348);
4349int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4350  sqlite3*,
4351  void*,
4352  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4353);
4354
4355#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4356/*
4357** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4358** called right after sqlite3_open().
4359**
4360** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4361** of SQLite.
4362*/
4363int sqlite3_key(
4364  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4365  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4366);
4367
4368/*
4369** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4370** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4371** database is decrypted.
4372**
4373** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4374** of SQLite.
4375*/
4376int sqlite3_rekey(
4377  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4378  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4379);
4380
4381/*
4382** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4383** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4384*/
4385void sqlite3_activate_see(
4386  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4387);
4388#endif
4389
4390#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4391/*
4392** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4393** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4394*/
4395void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4396  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4397);
4398#endif
4399
4400/*
4401** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4402**
4403** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4404** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4405**
4406** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4407** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4408** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4409** requested from the operating system is returned.
4410**
4411** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4412** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4413** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4414** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4415** in the previous paragraphs.
4416*/
4417int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4418
4419/*
4420** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4421**
4422** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4423** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4424** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4425** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4426** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4427** temporary file directory.
4428**
4429** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4430** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4431** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4432** thread.
4433** It is intended that this variable be set once
4434** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4435** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4436** thereafter.
4437**
4438** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4439** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4440** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4441** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4442** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4443** using [sqlite3_free].
4444** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4445** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4446** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4447*/
4448SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4449
4450/*
4451** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4452** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4453**
4454** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4455** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4456** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4457** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4458** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4459**
4460** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4461** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4462** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4463** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4464** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4465** an error is to use this function.
4466**
4467** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4468** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4469** is undefined.
4470*/
4471int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4472
4473/*
4474** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4475**
4476** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4477** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4478** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4479** that was the first argument
4480** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4481** create the statement in the first place.
4482*/
4483sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4484
4485/*
4486** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4487**
4488** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4489** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4490** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4491** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4492** a NULL pointer is returned.
4493**
4494** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4495** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4496** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4497** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4498*/
4499const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4500
4501/*
4502** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4503**
4504** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4505** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4506** the name of a database on connection D.
4507*/
4508int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4509
4510/*
4511** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4512**
4513** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4514** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4515** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4516** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4517** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4518**
4519** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4520** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4521** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4522*/
4523sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4524
4525/*
4526** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4527**
4528** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4529** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4530** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4531** for the same database connection is overridden.
4532** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4533** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4534** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4535** for the same database connection is overridden.
4536** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4537** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4538** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4539**
4540** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4541** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4542** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4543** the first call for each function on D.
4544**
4545** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4546** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4547** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4548** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4549** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4550** or rollback hook in the first place.
4551** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4552** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4553** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4554**
4555** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4556**
4557** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4558** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4559** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4560** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4561** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4562**
4563** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4564** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4565** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4566** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4567** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4568**
4569** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4570*/
4571void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4572void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4573
4574/*
4575** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4576**
4577** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4578** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4579** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4580** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4581** for the same database connection is overridden.
4582**
4583** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4584** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4585** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4586** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4587** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4588** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4589** to be invoked.
4590** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4591** database and table name containing the affected row.
4592** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4593** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4594**
4595** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4596** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4597**
4598** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4599** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4600** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4601** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4602** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4603** release of SQLite.
4604**
4605** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4606** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4607** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4608** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4609** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4610** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4611**
4612** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4613** returns the P argument from the previous call
4614** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4615** the first call on D.
4616**
4617** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4618** interfaces.
4619*/
4620void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4621  sqlite3*,
4622  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4623  void*
4624);
4625
4626/*
4627** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4628**
4629** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4630** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4631** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4632** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4633**
4634** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4635** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4636** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4637**
4638** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4639** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4640** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4641** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4642**
4643** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4644** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4645**
4646** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4647** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4648** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4649**
4650** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4651*/
4652int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4653
4654/*
4655** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4656**
4657** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4658** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4659** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4660** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4661** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4662** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4663** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4664** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4665**
4666** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4667*/
4668int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4669
4670/*
4671** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4672**
4673** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4674** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4675** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is effect even
4676** when then [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4677** omitted.
4678**
4679** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4680*/
4681int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4682
4683/*
4684** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4685**
4686** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4687** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4688** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4689** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4690** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4691** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4692** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4693** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4694** is advisory only.
4695**
4696** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4697** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4698** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4699** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4700** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4701** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4702**
4703** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4704**
4705** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4706** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4707**
4708** <ul>
4709** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4710** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4711**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4712**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4713** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
4714**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
4715** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4716**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4717**      from the heap.
4718** </ul>)^
4719**
4720** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4721** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4722** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4723** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4724** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4725** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4726** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4727** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4728** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4729**
4730** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4731** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4732*/
4733sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4734
4735/*
4736** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4737** DEPRECATED
4738**
4739** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4740** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4741** only.  All new applications should use the
4742** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4743*/
4744SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4745
4746
4747/*
4748** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4749**
4750** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4751** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4752** passed as the first function argument.
4753**
4754** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4755** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4756** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4757** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4758** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4759** resolve unqualified table references.
4760**
4761** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4762** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4763** may be NULL.
4764**
4765** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4766** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4767** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4768**
4769** ^(<blockquote>
4770** <table border="1">
4771** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4772**
4773** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4774** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4775** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4776** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4777** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4778** </table>
4779** </blockquote>)^
4780**
4781** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4782** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4783** call to any SQLite API function.
4784**
4785** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4786**
4787** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4788** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4789** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4790** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4791** parameters are set as follows:
4792**
4793** <pre>
4794**     data type: "INTEGER"
4795**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4796**     not null: 0
4797**     primary key: 1
4798**     auto increment: 0
4799** </pre>)^
4800**
4801** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4802** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4803** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4804** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4805**
4806** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4807** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4808*/
4809int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4810  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4811  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4812  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4813  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4814  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4815  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4816  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4817  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4818  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4819);
4820
4821/*
4822** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4823**
4824** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4825**
4826** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4827** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4828**
4829** ^The entry point is zProc.
4830** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4831** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4832** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4833** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4834** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4835** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4836** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4837** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4838** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4839**
4840** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4841** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4842** otherwise an error will be returned.
4843**
4844** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4845*/
4846int sqlite3_load_extension(
4847  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4848  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4849  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4850  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4851);
4852
4853/*
4854** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4855**
4856** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4857** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4858** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4859** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4860**
4861** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4862** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4863** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4864** it back off again.
4865*/
4866int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4867
4868/*
4869** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
4870**
4871** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
4872** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
4873** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked SQLite extension
4874** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
4875**
4876** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
4877** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
4878** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
4879** entry point where as follows:
4880**
4881** <blockquote><pre>
4882** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
4883** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
4884** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
4885** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
4886** &nbsp;  );
4887** </pre></blockquote>)^
4888**
4889** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
4890** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
4891** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
4892** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
4893** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
4894** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
4895** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
4896**
4897** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
4898** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
4899** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
4900**
4901** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].
4902*/
4903int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
4904
4905/*
4906** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
4907**
4908** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
4909** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
4910*/
4911void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4912
4913/*
4914** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4915** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4916** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4917**
4918** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4919** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4920*/
4921
4922/*
4923** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4924*/
4925typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4926typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4927typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4928typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4929
4930/*
4931** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
4932** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
4933**
4934** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
4935** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
4936** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
4937**
4938** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
4939** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
4940** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
4941** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
4942** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
4943** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
4944** any database connection.
4945*/
4946struct sqlite3_module {
4947  int iVersion;
4948  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4949               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4950               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4951  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4952               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4953               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4954  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
4955  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4956  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4957  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
4958  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4959  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
4960                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
4961  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4962  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4963  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
4964  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
4965  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
4966  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4967  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4968  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4969  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4970  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
4971                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4972                       void **ppArg);
4973  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
4974  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
4975  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
4976  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4977  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4978  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4979};
4980
4981/*
4982** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
4983** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
4984**
4985** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
4986** of the [virtual table] interface to
4987** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
4988** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
4989** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
4990** results into the **Outputs** fields.
4991**
4992** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
4993**
4994** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
4995**
4996** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
4997** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
4998** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
4999** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5000** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5001** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5002** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5003**
5004** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5005** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5006** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5007** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5008** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5009**
5010** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5011** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5012**
5013** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5014** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5015** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5016** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5017** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5018** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5019**
5020** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5021** [xFilter] method.
5022** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5023** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5024**
5025** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5026** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5027** sorting step is required.
5028**
5029** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
5030** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
5031** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
5032** cost of approximately log(N).
5033*/
5034struct sqlite3_index_info {
5035  /* Inputs */
5036  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5037  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5038     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5039     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5040     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5041     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5042  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5043  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5044  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5045     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5046     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5047  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5048  /* Outputs */
5049  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5050    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5051    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5052  } *aConstraintUsage;
5053  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5054  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5055  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5056  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5057  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5058};
5059
5060/*
5061** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5062**
5063** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5064** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5065** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5066** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5067*/
5068#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5069#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5070#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5071#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5072#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5073#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5074
5075/*
5076** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5077**
5078** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5079** ^Module names must be registered before
5080** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5081** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5082**
5083** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5084** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5085** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5086** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5087** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5088** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5089** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5090**
5091** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5092** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5093** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5094** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5095** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5096** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5097** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5098** destructor.
5099*/
5100int sqlite3_create_module(
5101  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5102  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5103  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5104  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5105);
5106int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5107  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5108  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5109  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5110  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5111  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5112);
5113
5114/*
5115** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5116** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5117**
5118** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5119** of this object to describe a particular instance
5120** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5121** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5122** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5123** common to all module implementations.
5124**
5125** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5126** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5127** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5128** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5129** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5130** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5131*/
5132struct sqlite3_vtab {
5133  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5134  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5135  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5136  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5137};
5138
5139/*
5140** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5141** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5142**
5143** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5144** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5145** [virtual table] and are used
5146** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5147** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5148** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5149** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5150** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5151** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5152**
5153** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5154** are common to all implementations.
5155*/
5156struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5157  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5158  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5159};
5160
5161/*
5162** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5163**
5164** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5165** [virtual table module] call this interface
5166** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5167** the virtual tables they implement.
5168*/
5169int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5170
5171/*
5172** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5173**
5174** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5175** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5176** But global versions of those functions
5177** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5178**
5179** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5180** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5181** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5182** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5183** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5184** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5185** by a [virtual table].
5186*/
5187int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5188
5189/*
5190** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5191** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5192** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5193** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5194**
5195** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5196** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5197*/
5198
5199/*
5200** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5201** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5202**
5203** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5204** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5205** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5206** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5207** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5208** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5209** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5210*/
5211typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5212
5213/*
5214** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5215**
5216** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5217** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5218** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5219**
5220** <pre>
5221**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5222** </pre>)^
5223**
5224** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5225** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5226** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5227** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5228** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5229**
5230** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5231** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5232** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5233** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5234** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5235**
5236** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5237** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5238** to be a null pointer.)^
5239** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5240** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5241** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5242** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5243** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5244**
5245** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5246** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5247** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5248** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5249** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5250** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5251** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5252** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5253** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5254** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5255**
5256** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5257** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5258** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5259** blob.
5260**
5261** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5262** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5263** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5264** this interface.
5265**
5266** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5267** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5268*/
5269int sqlite3_blob_open(
5270  sqlite3*,
5271  const char *zDb,
5272  const char *zTable,
5273  const char *zColumn,
5274  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5275  int flags,
5276  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5277);
5278
5279/*
5280** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5281**
5282** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5283** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5284** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5285** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5286** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5287** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5288**
5289** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5290** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5291** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5292** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5293** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5294** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5295** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5296** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5297** always returns zero.
5298**
5299** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5300*/
5301SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5302
5303/*
5304** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5305**
5306** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5307**
5308** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5309** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5310** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5311** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5312** until the close operation if they will fit.
5313**
5314** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5315** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5316** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5317** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5318**
5319** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5320** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5321**
5322** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5323** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5324*/
5325int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5326
5327/*
5328** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5329**
5330** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5331** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5332** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5333** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5334**
5335** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5336** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5337** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5338** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5339*/
5340int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5341
5342/*
5343** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5344**
5345** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5346** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5347** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5348**
5349** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5350** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5351** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5352** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5353** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5354**
5355** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5356** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5357**
5358** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5359** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5360**
5361** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5362** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5363** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5364** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5365**
5366** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5367*/
5368int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5369
5370/*
5371** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5372**
5373** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5374** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5375** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5376**
5377** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5378** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5379** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5380**
5381** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5382** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5383** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5384** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5385** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5386** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5387** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5388**
5389** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5390** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5391** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5392** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5393** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5394** or by other independent statements.
5395**
5396** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5397** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5398**
5399** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5400** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5401** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5402** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5403**
5404** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5405*/
5406int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5407
5408/*
5409** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5410**
5411** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5412** that SQLite uses to interact
5413** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5414** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5415** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5416** The following interfaces are provided.
5417**
5418** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5419** ^Names are case sensitive.
5420** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5421** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5422** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5423**
5424** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5425** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5426** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5427** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5428** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5429** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5430** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5431** then the behavior is undefined.
5432**
5433** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5434** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5435** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5436*/
5437sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5438int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5439int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5440
5441/*
5442** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5443**
5444** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5445** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5446** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5447** permitted to use any of these routines.
5448**
5449** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5450** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5451** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5452** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5453**
5454** <ul>
5455** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
5456** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5457** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5458** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5459** </ul>)^
5460**
5461** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5462** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5463** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
5464** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
5465** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
5466**
5467** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5468** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5469** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5470** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5471** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5472** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5473** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5474**
5475** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5476** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5477** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5478** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5479** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5480**
5481** <ul>
5482** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5483** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5484** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5485** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5486** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5487** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5488** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5489** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5490** </ul>)^
5491**
5492** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5493** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5494** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5495** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5496** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5497** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5498** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5499** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5500** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5501** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5502**
5503** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5504** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5505** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5506** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5507** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5508** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5509** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5510** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5511**
5512** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5513** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5514** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5515** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5516** the same type number.
5517**
5518** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5519** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5520** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5521** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5522** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5523** a static mutex.
5524**
5525** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5526** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5527** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5528** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5529** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5530** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5531** In such cases the,
5532** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5533** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5534** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5535** SQLite will never exhibit
5536** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5537**
5538** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5539** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5540** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5541** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5542**
5543** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5544** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5545** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5546** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5547** never do either.)^
5548**
5549** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5550** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5551** behave as no-ops.
5552**
5553** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5554*/
5555sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5556void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5557void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5558int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5559void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5560
5561/*
5562** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5563**
5564** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5565** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5566**
5567** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5568** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5569** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5570** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5571** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5572** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5573** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5574** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5575** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5576**
5577** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5578** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5579** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5580** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5581**
5582** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5583** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5584** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5585** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5586** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5587** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5588**
5589** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5590** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5591** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5592**
5593** <ul>
5594**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5595**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5596**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5597**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5598**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5599**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5600**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5601** </ul>)^
5602**
5603** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5604** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5605** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5606** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5607** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5608** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5609** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5610**
5611** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5612** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5613** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5614** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5615**
5616** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5617** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5618** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5619** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5620**
5621** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5622** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5623** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5624** prior to returning.
5625*/
5626typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5627struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5628  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5629  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5630  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5631  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5632  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5633  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5634  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5635  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5636  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5637};
5638
5639/*
5640** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5641**
5642** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5643** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5644** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5645** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5646** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5647** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5648** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5649** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5650**
5651** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5652** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5653**
5654** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5655** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5656** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5657** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5658**
5659** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5660** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5661** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5662** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5663** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5664** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5665** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5666** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5667*/
5668#ifndef NDEBUG
5669int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5670int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5671#endif
5672
5673/*
5674** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5675**
5676** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5677** which is one of these integer constants.
5678**
5679** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5680** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5681** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5682*/
5683#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5684#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5685#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5686#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5687#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5688#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5689#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5690#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5691#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
5692#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
5693
5694/*
5695** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5696**
5697** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5698** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5699** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5700** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5701** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5702*/
5703sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5704
5705/*
5706** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5707**
5708** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5709** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5710** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5711** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5712** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5713** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5714** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5715** main database file.
5716** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5717** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5718** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5719** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5720**
5721** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
5722** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
5723** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
5724** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
5725** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
5726**
5727** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5728** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5729** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5730** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5731** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5732** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5733** xFileControl method.
5734**
5735** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5736*/
5737int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5738
5739/*
5740** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5741**
5742** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5743** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5744** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5745** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5746**
5747** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5748** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5749** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5750**
5751** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5752** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5753** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5754** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5755*/
5756int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5757
5758/*
5759** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5760**
5761** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5762** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5763**
5764** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5765** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5766** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5767** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5768*/
5769#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5770#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5771#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5772#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5773#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5774#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5775#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5776#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5777#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5778#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5779#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5780#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5781#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5782#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
5783#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
5784#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
5785#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    19
5786
5787/*
5788** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5789**
5790** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5791** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5792** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5793** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5794** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5795** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5796** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5797** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5798** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5799** value.  For those parameters
5800** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5801** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5802** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5803**
5804** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5805** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5806**
5807** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5808** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5809** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5810** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5811** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5812** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5813**
5814** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5815*/
5816int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5817
5818
5819/*
5820** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5821** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
5822**
5823** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5824** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5825**
5826** <dl>
5827** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5828** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5829** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5830** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5831** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5832** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5833** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5834** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5835** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5836**
5837** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5838** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5839** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5840** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5841** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5842** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5843**
5844** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5845** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
5846** currently checked out.</dd>)^
5847**
5848** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5849** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5850** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5851** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5852** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5853**
5854** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
5855** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5856** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5857** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5858** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5859** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5860** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5861** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5862** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5863**
5864** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5865** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5866** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5867** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5868** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5869**
5870** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5871** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5872** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5873** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5874** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5875** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5876** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
5877**
5878** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5879** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5880** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5881** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5882** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5883** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5884** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5885** slots were available.
5886** </dd>)^
5887**
5888** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
5889** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5890** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5891** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5892** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5893**
5894** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
5895** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
5896** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
5897** </dl>
5898**
5899** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
5900*/
5901#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
5902#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
5903#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
5904#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
5905#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
5906#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
5907#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
5908#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
5909#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
5910#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
5911
5912/*
5913** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
5914**
5915** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5916** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
5917** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
5918** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
5919** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
5920** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
5921** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
5922** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
5923**
5924** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
5925** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
5926** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
5927** reset back down to the current value.
5928**
5929** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5930** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5931**
5932** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
5933*/
5934int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
5935
5936/*
5937** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
5938** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
5939**
5940** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
5941** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
5942**
5943** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
5944** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
5945** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
5946** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
5947** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
5948**
5949** <dl>
5950** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
5951** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
5952** checked out.</dd>)^
5953**
5954** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
5955** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
5956** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5957** the current value is always zero.)^
5958**
5959** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
5960** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
5961** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5962** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
5963** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
5964** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5965** the current value is always zero.)^
5966**
5967** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
5968** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
5969** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5970** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
5971** memory already being in use.
5972** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5973** the current value is always zero.)^
5974**
5975** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
5976** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5977** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
5978** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
5979**
5980** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
5981** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5982** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
5983** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
5984** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
5985** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
5986** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
5987** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
5988**
5989** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
5990** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5991** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
5992** the database connection.)^
5993** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
5994** </dd>
5995**
5996** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
5997** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
5998** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
5999** is always 0.
6000** </dd>
6001**
6002** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6003** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6004** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6005** is always 0.
6006** </dd>
6007**
6008** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6009** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6010** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6011** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6012** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6013** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6014** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6015** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6016** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6017** </dd>
6018** </dl>
6019*/
6020#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6021#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6022#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6023#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6024#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6025#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6026#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6027#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6028#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6029#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6030#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                  9   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6031
6032
6033/*
6034** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6035**
6036** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6037** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6038** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6039** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6040** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6041** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6042** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6043** an index.
6044**
6045** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6046** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6047** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6048** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6049** to be interrogated.)^
6050** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6051** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6052** interface call returns.
6053**
6054** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6055*/
6056int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6057
6058/*
6059** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6060** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6061**
6062** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6063** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6064** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6065**
6066** <dl>
6067** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6068** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6069** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6070** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6071** careful use of indices.</dd>
6072**
6073** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6074** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6075** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6076** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6077**
6078** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6079** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6080** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6081** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6082** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6083** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6084** </dl>
6085*/
6086#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6087#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6088#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6089
6090/*
6091** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6092**
6093** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6094** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6095** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6096** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6097** to the object.
6098**
6099** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6100*/
6101typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6102
6103/*
6104** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6105**
6106** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6107** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6108** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6109** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6110**
6111** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6112*/
6113typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6114struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6115  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6116  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6117};
6118
6119/*
6120** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6121** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6122**
6123** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6124** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6125** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6126** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6127** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6128** By implementing a
6129** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6130** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6131** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6132** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6133** how long.
6134**
6135** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6136** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6137** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6138**
6139** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6140** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6141** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6142** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6143**
6144** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6145** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6146** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6147** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6148** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6149** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6150** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6151** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6152** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6153** page cache.)^
6154**
6155** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6156** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6157** It can be used to clean up
6158** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6159** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6160**
6161** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6162** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6163** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6164** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6165** in multithreaded applications.
6166**
6167** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6168** call to xShutdown().
6169**
6170** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6171** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6172** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6173** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6174** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6175** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6176** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6177** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6178** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6179** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6180** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6181** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6182** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6183** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6184** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6185** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6186** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6187** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6188** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6189** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6190** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6191** never contain any unpinned pages.
6192**
6193** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6194** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6195** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6196** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6197** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6198** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6199** value; it is advisory only.
6200**
6201** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6202** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6203** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6204**
6205** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6206** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6207** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6208** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6209** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6210** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6211** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6212** for each entry in the page cache.
6213**
6214** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6215** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6216** to be "pinned".
6217**
6218** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6219** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6220** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6221** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6222** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6223**
6224** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6225** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
6226** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6227** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6228**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6229** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6230**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6231** </table>
6232**
6233** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6234** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6235** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6236** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6237** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6238**
6239** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6240** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6241** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6242** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6243** ^If the discard parameter is
6244** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6245** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6246** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6247**
6248** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6249** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6250** to xFetch().
6251**
6252** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6253** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6254** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6255** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6256** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6257** to be pinned.
6258**
6259** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6260** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6261** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6262** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6263** they can be safely discarded.
6264**
6265** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6266** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6267** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6268** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6269** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6270** functions.
6271**
6272** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6273** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6274** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6275** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6276** do their best.
6277*/
6278typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6279struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6280  int iVersion;
6281  void *pArg;
6282  int (*xInit)(void*);
6283  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6284  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6285  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6286  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6287  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6288  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6289  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6290      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6291  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6292  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6293  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6294};
6295
6296/*
6297** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6298** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6299** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6300*/
6301typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6302struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6303  void *pArg;
6304  int (*xInit)(void*);
6305  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6306  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6307  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6308  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6309  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6310  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6311  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6312  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6313  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6314};
6315
6316
6317/*
6318** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6319**
6320** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6321** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6322** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6323** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6324**
6325** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6326*/
6327typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6328
6329/*
6330** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6331**
6332** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6333** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6334** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6335**
6336** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6337**
6338** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6339** for the duration of the backup operation.
6340** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6341** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6342** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6343** preventing other database connections from
6344** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6345**
6346** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6347**   <ol>
6348**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6349**         backup,
6350**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6351**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6352**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6353**         associated with the backup operation.
6354**   </ol>)^
6355** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6356** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6357**
6358** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6359**
6360** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6361** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6362** and the database name, respectively.
6363** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6364** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6365** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6366** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6367** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6368** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6369** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6370** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6371** an error.
6372**
6373** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6374** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6375** destination [database connection] D.
6376** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6377** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6378** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6379** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6380** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6381** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6382** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6383** operation.
6384**
6385** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6386**
6387** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6388** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6389** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6390** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6391** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6392** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6393** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6394** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6395** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6396** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6397** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6398** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6399**
6400** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6401** <ol>
6402** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6403** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6404** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6405** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6406** destination and source page sizes differ.
6407** </ol>)^
6408**
6409** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6410** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6411** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6412** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6413** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6414** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6415** [database connection]
6416** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6417** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6418** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6419** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6420** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6421** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6422** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6423** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6424** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6425**
6426** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6427** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6428** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6429** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6430** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6431** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6432** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6433** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6434** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6435** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6436** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6437** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6438** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6439** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6440** updated at the same time.
6441**
6442** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6443**
6444** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6445** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6446** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6447** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6448** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6449** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6450** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6451** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6452** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6453**
6454** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6455** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6456** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6457** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6458** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6459** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6460**
6461** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6462** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6463** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6464**
6465** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6466** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6467**
6468** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6469** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6470** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6471** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6472** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6473**
6474** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6475** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6476** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6477** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6478** changing.
6479**
6480** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6481**
6482** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6483** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6484** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6485** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6486** from within other threads.
6487**
6488** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6489** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6490** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6491** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6492** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6493** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6494** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6495** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6496**
6497** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6498** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6499** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6500** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6501** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6502** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6503**
6504** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6505** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6506** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6507** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6508** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6509** possible that they return invalid values.
6510*/
6511sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6512  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6513  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6514  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6515  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6516);
6517int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6518int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6519int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6520int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6521
6522/*
6523** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6524**
6525** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6526** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6527** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6528** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6529** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6530** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6531** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6532** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6533**
6534** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6535**
6536** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6537** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6538**
6539** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6540** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6541** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6542** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6543** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6544** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6545** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6546** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6547** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6548** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6549**
6550** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6551** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6552** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6553** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6554** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6555**
6556** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6557** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6558** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6559** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6560**
6561** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6562** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6563** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6564** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6565** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6566** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6567** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6568** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6569**
6570** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6571** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6572** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6573**
6574** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6575** returns SQLITE_OK.
6576**
6577** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6578**
6579** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6580** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6581** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6582** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6583** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6584** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6585**
6586** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6587** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6588** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6589** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6590** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6591** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6592** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6593** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6594**
6595** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6596**
6597** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6598** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6599** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6600** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6601** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6602** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6603** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6604**
6605** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6606** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6607** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6608** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6609** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6610** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6611** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6612** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6613** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6614** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6615** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6616** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6617**
6618** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6619**
6620** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6621** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6622** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6623** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6624** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6625** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6626** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6627** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6628** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6629**
6630** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6631** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6632** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6633** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6634** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6635*/
6636int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6637  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6638  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6639  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6640);
6641
6642
6643/*
6644** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6645**
6646** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
6647** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
6648** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
6649** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
6650*/
6651int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
6652int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
6653
6654/*
6655** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
6656**
6657** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
6658** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
6659** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
6660** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
6661**
6662** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
6663** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
6664** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
6665** is considered bad form.
6666**
6667** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
6668**
6669** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
6670** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
6671** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
6672** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
6673** buffer.
6674*/
6675void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
6676
6677/*
6678** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
6679**
6680** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
6681** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
6682** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
6683** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
6684**
6685** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
6686** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
6687** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
6688**
6689** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
6690** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
6691** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
6692** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
6693** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
6694** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
6695** including those that were just committed.
6696**
6697** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
6698** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
6699** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
6700** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6701** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6702** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6703** are undefined.
6704**
6705** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6706** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6707** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6708** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6709** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6710** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6711*/
6712void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6713  sqlite3*,
6714  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6715  void*
6716);
6717
6718/*
6719** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6720**
6721** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6722** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6723** to automatically [checkpoint]
6724** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6725** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6726** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6727** checkpoints entirely.
6728**
6729** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6730** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6731** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6732** configured by this function.
6733**
6734** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6735** from SQL.
6736**
6737** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6738** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
6739** pages.  The use of this interface
6740** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6741** for a particular application.
6742*/
6743int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6744
6745/*
6746** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6747**
6748** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6749** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6750** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6751** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6752** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6753**
6754** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6755** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6756** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6757** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6758**
6759** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6760*/
6761int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6762
6763/*
6764** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6765**
6766** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
6767** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
6768** eMode parameter:
6769**
6770** <dl>
6771** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
6772**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
6773**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
6774**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
6775**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
6776**
6777** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
6778**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
6779**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
6780**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
6781**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6782**   but not database readers.
6783**
6784** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
6785**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
6786**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
6787**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
6788**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
6789**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6790**   but not database readers.
6791** </dl>
6792**
6793** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
6794** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
6795** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
6796** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
6797** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
6798** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
6799** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
6800**
6801** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
6802** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
6803** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
6804** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
6805**
6806** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
6807** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
6808** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
6809** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
6810** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
6811** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
6812** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
6813** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
6814** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
6815** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
6816**
6817** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
6818** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
6819** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
6820** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
6821** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
6822** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
6823** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
6824** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
6825** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
6826** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
6827**
6828** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
6829** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
6830** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
6831** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
6832*/
6833int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
6834  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
6835  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
6836  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
6837  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
6838  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
6839);
6840
6841/*
6842** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
6843**
6844** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
6845** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6846** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
6847** each of these values.
6848*/
6849#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
6850#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
6851#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
6852
6853/*
6854** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
6855**
6856** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
6857** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
6858** various facets of the virtual table interface.
6859**
6860** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
6861** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
6862**
6863** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
6864** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
6865** may be added in the future.
6866*/
6867int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
6868
6869/*
6870** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
6871**
6872** These macros define the various options to the
6873** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
6874** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
6875**
6876** <dl>
6877** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
6878** <dd>Calls of the form
6879** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
6880** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
6881** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
6882** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
6883** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
6884** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
6885** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
6886** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
6887**
6888** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
6889** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
6890** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
6891** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
6892** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
6893** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
6894** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
6895** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
6896** had been ABORT.
6897**
6898** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
6899** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
6900** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
6901** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
6902** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
6903** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
6904** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
6905** constraint handling.
6906** </dl>
6907*/
6908#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
6909
6910/*
6911** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
6912**
6913** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
6914** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
6915** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
6916** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6917** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
6918** [virtual table].
6919*/
6920int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
6921
6922/*
6923** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
6924**
6925** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
6926** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6927** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
6928**
6929** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
6930** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
6931** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
6932*/
6933#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
6934/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
6935#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
6936/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
6937#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
6938
6939
6940
6941/*
6942** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
6943** builds on processors without floating point support.
6944*/
6945#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
6946# undef double
6947#endif
6948
6949#ifdef __cplusplus
6950}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
6951#endif
6952#endif
6953