xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 5d00d0a8)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers {H10010} <S60100>
80**
81** The SQLITE_VERSION and SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #defines in
82** the sqlite3.h file specify the version of SQLite with which
83** that header file is associated.
84**
85** The "version" of SQLite is a string of the form "X.Y.Z".
86** The phrase "alpha" or "beta" might be appended after the Z.
87** The X value is major version number always 3 in SQLite3.
88** The X value only changes when backwards compatibility is
89** broken and we intend to never break backwards compatibility.
90** The Y value is the minor version number and only changes when
91** there are major feature enhancements that are forwards compatible
92** but not backwards compatible.
93** The Z value is the release number and is incremented with
94** each release but resets back to 0 whenever Y is incremented.
95**
96** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER is an integer that is computed as
97** follows:
98**
99** <blockquote><pre>
100** SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER = X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z
101** </pre></blockquote>
102**
103** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
104** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">fossil configuration management
105** system</a>.  The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
106** macro is a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
107** within its configuration management system.  The string contains the
108** date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1 hash of the entire
109** source tree.
110**
111** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
112** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], and [sqlite3_sourceid()].
113**
114** Requirements: [H10011] [H10014]
115*/
116#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
117#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
118#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
119
120/*
121** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers {H10020} <S60100>
122** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version
123**
124** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
125** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] #defines in the header,
126** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  Cautious
127** programmers might include an assert in their application to verify that
128** sqlite3_libversion_number() always returns the value
129** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] and thus insure that the application is
130** compiled with matching library and header files.
131**
132** <blockquote><pre>
133** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
134** </pre></blockquote>
135**
136** The sqlite3_libversion() function returns the same information as is
137** in the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The function is provided
138** for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have direct access to string
139** constants within the DLL.  Similarly, the sqlite3_sourceid() function
140** returns the same information as is in the [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] #define of
141** the header file.
142**
143** Requirements: [H10021] [H10022] [H10023]
144*/
145SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
146const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
147const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
148int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
149
150/*
151** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe {H10100} <S60100>
152**
153** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
154** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
155** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
156** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
157** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
158** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
159**
160** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
161** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
162** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
163** The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
164**
165** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
166** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
167** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
168**
169** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
170** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
171** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 then mutexes are enabled by default but
172** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
173** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
174** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  The return value of this function shows
175** only the default compile-time setting, not any run-time changes
176** to that setting.
177**
178** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
179**
180** Requirements: [H10101] [H10102]
181*/
182int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
183
184/*
185** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle {H12000} <S40200>
186** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
187**
188** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
189** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
190** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
191** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
192** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
193** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
194** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
195** sqlite3 object.
196*/
197typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
198
199/*
200** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types {H10200} <S10110>
201** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
202**
203** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
204** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
205**
206** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
207** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
208** compatibility only.
209**
210** Requirements: [H10201] [H10202]
211*/
212#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
213  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
214  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
215#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
216  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
217  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
218#else
219  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
220  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
221#endif
222typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
223typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
224
225/*
226** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
227** substitute integer for floating-point.
228*/
229#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
230# define double sqlite3_int64
231#endif
232
233/*
234** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection {H12010} <S30100><S40200>
235**
236** This routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
237**
238** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
239** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
240** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
241** The [sqlite3_next_stmt()] interface can be used to locate all
242** [prepared statements] associated with a [database connection] if desired.
243** Typical code might look like this:
244**
245** <blockquote><pre>
246** sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
247** while( (pStmt = sqlite3_next_stmt(db, 0))!=0 ){
248** &nbsp;   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
249** }
250** </pre></blockquote>
251**
252** If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
253** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
254**
255** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
256** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
257** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
258** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
259**
260** Requirements:
261** [H12011] [H12012] [H12013] [H12014] [H12015] [H12019]
262*/
263int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
264
265/*
266** The type for a callback function.
267** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
268** compatibility and is not documented.
269*/
270typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
271
272/*
273** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface {H12100} <S10000>
274**
275** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenient way of running one or more
276** SQL statements without having to write a lot of C code.  The UTF-8 encoded
277** SQL statements are passed in as the second parameter to sqlite3_exec().
278** The statements are evaluated one by one until either an error or
279** an interrupt is encountered, or until they are all done.  The 3rd parameter
280** is an optional callback that is invoked once for each row of any query
281** results produced by the SQL statements.  The 5th parameter tells where
282** to write any error messages.
283**
284** The error message passed back through the 5th parameter is held
285** in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  To avoid a memory leak,
286** the calling application should call [sqlite3_free()] on any error
287** message returned through the 5th parameter when it has finished using
288** the error message.
289**
290** If the SQL statement in the 2nd parameter is NULL or an empty string
291** or a string containing only whitespace and comments, then no SQL
292** statements are evaluated and the database is not changed.
293**
294** The sqlite3_exec() interface is implemented in terms of
295** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
296** The sqlite3_exec() routine does nothing to the database that cannot be done
297** by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()].
298**
299** The first parameter to [sqlite3_exec()] must be an valid and open
300** [database connection].
301**
302** The database connection must not be closed while
303** [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
304**
305** The calling function should use [sqlite3_free()] to free
306** the memory that *errmsg is left pointing at once the error
307** message is no longer needed.
308**
309** The SQL statement text in the 2nd parameter to [sqlite3_exec()]
310** must remain unchanged while [sqlite3_exec()] is running.
311**
312** Requirements:
313** [H12101] [H12102] [H12104] [H12105] [H12107] [H12110] [H12113] [H12116]
314** [H12119] [H12122] [H12125] [H12131] [H12134] [H12137] [H12138]
315*/
316int sqlite3_exec(
317  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
318  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
319  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
320  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
321  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
322);
323
324/*
325** CAPI3REF: Result Codes {H10210} <S10700>
326** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
327** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
328**
329** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
330** here in order to indicates success or failure.
331**
332** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
333**
334** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
335*/
336#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
337/* beginning-of-error-codes */
338#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
339#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
340#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
341#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
342#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
343#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
344#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
345#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
346#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
347#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
348#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
349#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* NOT USED. Table or record not found */
350#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
351#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
352#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* NOT USED. Database lock protocol error */
353#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
354#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
355#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
356#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
357#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
358#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
359#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
360#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
361#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
362#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
363#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
364#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
365#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
366/* end-of-error-codes */
367
368/*
369** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes {H10220} <S10700>
370** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
371** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
372**
373** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
374** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
375** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
376** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
377** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
378** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
379** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
380** on a per database connection basis using the
381** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
382**
383** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
384** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
385** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
386** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
387**
388** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
389** be exactly zero.
390*/
391#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
392#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
393#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
394#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
395#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
396#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
397#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
398#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
399#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
400#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
401#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
402#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
403#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
404#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
405#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
406#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
407#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
408#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED | (1<<8) )
409
410/*
411** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations {H10230} <H11120> <H12700>
412**
413** These bit values are intended for use in the
414** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
415** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the
416** [sqlite3_vfs] object.
417*/
418#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
419#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
420#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
421#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
422#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
423#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
424#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
425#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
426#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
427#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
428#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
429#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
430#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
431#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
432
433/*
434** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics {H10240} <H11120>
435**
436** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
437** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
438** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
439** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
440** refers to.
441**
442** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
443** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
444** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
445** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
446** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
447** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
448** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
449** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
450** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
451** to xWrite().
452*/
453#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC          0x00000001
454#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512       0x00000002
455#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K        0x00000004
456#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K        0x00000008
457#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K        0x00000010
458#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K        0x00000020
459#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K       0x00000040
460#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K       0x00000080
461#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K       0x00000100
462#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND     0x00000200
463#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL      0x00000400
464
465/*
466** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels {H10250} <H11120> <H11310>
467**
468** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
469** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
470** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
471*/
472#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
473#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
474#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
475#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
476#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
477
478/*
479** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags {H10260} <H11120>
480**
481** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
482** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
483** these integer values as the second argument.
484**
485** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
486** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
487** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
488** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
489** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
490** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
491*/
492#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
493#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
494#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
495
496/*
497** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle {H11110} <S20110>
498**
499** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
500** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
501** implementations will
502** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
503** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
504** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
505** I/O operations on the open file.
506*/
507typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
508struct sqlite3_file {
509  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
510};
511
512/*
513** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object {H11120} <S20110>
514**
515** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
516** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
517** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
518** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
519** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
520**
521** If the xOpen method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
522** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
523** may be invoked even if the xOpen reported that it failed.  The
524** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed xOpen
525** is for the xOpen to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element to NULL.
526**
527** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
528** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
529** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
530** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
531** and not its inode needs to be synced.
532**
533** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
534** <ul>
535** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
536** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
537** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
538** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
539** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
540** </ul>
541** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
542** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
543** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
544** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
545** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
546**
547** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
548** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
549** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
550** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
551** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
552** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
553** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
554** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
555** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
556** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
557** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
558** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
559** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
560**
561** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
562** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
563** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
564** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
565** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
566** underlying device:
567**
568** <ul>
569** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
570** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
571** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
572** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
573** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
574** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
575** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
576** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
577** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
578** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
579** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
580** </ul>
581**
582** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
583** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
584** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
585** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
586** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
587** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
588** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
589** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
590** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
591** to xWrite().
592**
593** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
594** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
595** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
596** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
597** database corruption.
598*/
599typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
600struct sqlite3_io_methods {
601  int iVersion;
602  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
603  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
604  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
605  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
606  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
607  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
608  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
609  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
610  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
611  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
612  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
613  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
614  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
615};
616
617/*
618** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes {H11310} <S30800>
619**
620** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
621** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
622** interface.
623**
624** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
625** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
626** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
627** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
628** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
629** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
630** is defined.
631*/
632#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
633#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
634#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
635#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
636
637/*
638** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle {H17110} <S20130>
639**
640** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
641** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
642** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
643** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
644**
645** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
646*/
647typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
648
649/*
650** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object {H11140} <S20100>
651**
652** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
653** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
654** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
655**
656** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
657** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
658** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
659** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
660** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
661** modified.
662**
663** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
664** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
665** a pathname in this VFS.
666**
667** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
668** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
669** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
670** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
671** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
672** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
673**
674** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
675** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
676** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
677** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
678** object once the object has been registered.
679**
680** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
681** be unique across all VFS modules.
682**
683** SQLite will guarantee that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
684** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
685** from xFullPathname().  SQLite further guarantees that
686** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
687** called. Because of the previous sentence,
688** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
689** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
690** If the zFilename parameter is xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
691** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  Whenever the
692** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
693** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
694**
695** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
696** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
697** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
698** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
699** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
700** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
701**
702** SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
703** call, depending on the object being opened:
704**
705** <ul>
706** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
707** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
708** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
709** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
710** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
711** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
712** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
713** </ul>
714**
715** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
716** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
717** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
718** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
719** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
720** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
721** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
722** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
723**
724** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
725**
726** <ul>
727** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
728** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
729** </ul>
730**
731** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
732** deleted when it is closed.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
733** will be set for TEMP  databases, journals and for subjournals.
734**
735** The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
736** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
737** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
738** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
739** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
740** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
741** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
742** for exclusive access.
743**
744** At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
745** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
746** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
747** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
748** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
749** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
750** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
751** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
752** or failure of the xOpen call.
753**
754** The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
755** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
756** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
757** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
758** directory.
759**
760** SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
761** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
762** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
763** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
764** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
765** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
766**
767** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), and xCurrentTime() interfaces
768** are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
769** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
770** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
771** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
772** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
773** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
774** least the number of microseconds given.  The xCurrentTime()
775** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time.
776**
777*/
778typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
779struct sqlite3_vfs {
780  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number */
781  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
782  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
783  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
784  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
785  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
786  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
787               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
788  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
789  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
790  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
791  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
792  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
793  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
794  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
795  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
796  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
797  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
798  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
799  /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
800  ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
801};
802
803/*
804** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method {H11190} <H11140>
805**
806** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
807** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object. {END}  They determine
808** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
809** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
810** simply checks whether the file exists.
811** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
812** checks whether the file is both readable and writable.
813** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
814** checks whether the file is readable.
815*/
816#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
817#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
818#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2
819
820/*
821** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library {H10130} <S20000><S30100>
822**
823** The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
824** SQLite library.  The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
825** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
826**
827** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
828** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
829** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
830** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  Only an effective call
831** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
832** are harmless no-ops.
833**
834** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
835** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  Only
836** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
837** All other calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.
838**
839** Among other things, sqlite3_initialize() shall invoke
840** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, sqlite3_shutdown()
841** shall invoke sqlite3_os_end().
842**
843** The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
844** If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
845** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
846** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
847**
848** The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
849** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
850** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
851** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
852** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
853** already.  However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
854** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
855** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
856** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
857** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
858** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
859** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
860** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
861** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
862**
863** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
864** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
865** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
866** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
867** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
868** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
869** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
870**
871** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
872** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
873** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
874** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
875** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
876** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
877** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
878** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
879** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
880** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
881** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
882** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
883** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
884** failure.
885*/
886int sqlite3_initialize(void);
887int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
888int sqlite3_os_init(void);
889int sqlite3_os_end(void);
890
891/*
892** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library {H14100} <S20000><S30200>
893** EXPERIMENTAL
894**
895** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
896** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
897** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
898** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
899** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
900**
901** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
902** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
903** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
904** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
905** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
906** Note, however, that sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
907** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
908**
909** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
910** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
911** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
912** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
913** in the first argument.
914**
915** When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
916** If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
917** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
918**
919** Requirements:
920** [H14103] [H14106] [H14120] [H14123] [H14126] [H14129] [H14132] [H14135]
921** [H14138] [H14141] [H14144] [H14147] [H14150] [H14153] [H14156] [H14159]
922** [H14162] [H14165] [H14168]
923*/
924SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
925
926/*
927** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections  {H14200} <S20000>
928** EXPERIMENTAL
929**
930** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
931** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
932** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
933** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).  The
934** sqlite3_db_config() interface can only be used immediately after
935** the database connection is created using [sqlite3_open()],
936** [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
937**
938** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
939** configuration verb - an integer code that indicates what
940** aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
941** The only choice for this value is [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE].
942** New verbs are likely to be added in future releases of SQLite.
943** Additional arguments depend on the verb.
944**
945** Requirements:
946** [H14203] [H14206] [H14209] [H14212] [H14215]
947*/
948SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
949
950/*
951** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines {H10155} <S20120>
952** EXPERIMENTAL
953**
954** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
955** and low-level memory allocation routines.
956**
957** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
958** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
959** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
960** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
961** By creating an instance of this object
962** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
963** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
964** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
965** dynamic memory needs.
966**
967** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
968** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
969** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
970** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
971** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
972** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
973** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
974** conditions.
975**
976** The xMalloc and xFree methods must work like the
977** malloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
978** The xRealloc method must work like realloc() from the standard C library
979** with the exception that if the second argument to xRealloc is zero,
980** xRealloc must be a no-op - it must not perform any allocation or
981** deallocation.  SQLite guaranteeds that the second argument to
982** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
983** And so in cases where xRoundup always returns a positive number,
984** xRealloc can perform exactly as the standard library realloc() and
985** still be in compliance with this specification.
986**
987** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
988** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
989** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
990**
991** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
992** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
993** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
994** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
995** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
996** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
997** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
998**
999** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1000** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1001** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1002** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1003** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1004** xInit and xShutdown.
1005**
1006** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1007** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1008** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1009** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1010** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1011** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1012** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1013** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1014** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1015** serialization.
1016**
1017** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1018** call to xShutdown().
1019*/
1020typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1021struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1022  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1023  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1024  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1025  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1026  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1027  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1028  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1029  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1030};
1031
1032/*
1033** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options {H10160} <S20000>
1034** EXPERIMENTAL
1035**
1036** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1037** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1038**
1039** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1040** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1041** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1042** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1043** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1044** is invoked.
1045**
1046** <dl>
1047** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1048** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option disables
1049** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1050** by a single thread.</dd>
1051**
1052** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1053** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option disables
1054** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1055** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1056** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1057** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1058** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1059** [database connection] at the same time.  See the [threading mode]
1060** documentation for additional information.</dd>
1061**
1062** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1063** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option enables
1064** all mutexes including the recursive
1065** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1066** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1067** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1068** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1069** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1070** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1071** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.</dd>
1072**
1073** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1074** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1075** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1076** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1077** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.</dd>
1078**
1079** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1080** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1081** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1082** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.
1083** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1084** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1085** tracks memory usage, for example.</dd>
1086**
1087** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1088** <dd>This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1089** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1090** statistics. When disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become
1091** non-operational:
1092**   <ul>
1093**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1094**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1095**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()]
1096**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1097**   </ul>
1098** </dd>
1099**
1100** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1101** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1102** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1103** aligned memory buffer from which the scrach allocations will be
1104** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1105** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1106** argument must be a multiple of 16. The sz parameter should be a few bytes
1107** larger than the actual scratch space required due to internal overhead.
1108** The first argument should pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1109** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1110** SQLite will use no more than one scratch buffer at once per thread, so
1111** N should be set to the expected maximum number of threads.  The sz
1112** parameter should be 6 times the size of the largest database page size.
1113** Scratch buffers are used as part of the btree balance operation.  If
1114** The btree balancer needs additional memory beyond what is provided by
1115** scratch buffers or if no scratch buffer space is specified, then SQLite
1116** goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] to obtain the memory it needs.</dd>
1117**
1118** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1119** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1120** the database page cache with the default page cache implemenation.
1121** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1122** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE option.
1123** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1124** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1125** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1126** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1127** page header.  The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1128** the host architecture.  It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1129** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1130** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1131** SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1132** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  If additional
1133** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1134** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1135** The implementation might use one or more of the N buffers to hold
1136** memory accounting information. The pointer in the first argument must
1137** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1138** will be undefined.</dd>
1139**
1140** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1141** <dd>This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1142** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1143** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1144** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1145** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1146** If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1147** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1148** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  If the
1149** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1150** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1151** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1152** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1153** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.</dd>
1154**
1155** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1156** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1157** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1158** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1159** the mutex routines built into SQLite.</dd>
1160**
1161** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1162** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1163** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1164** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1165** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.
1166** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1167** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1168** profiling or testing, for example.</dd>
1169**
1170** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1171** <dd>This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1172** memory allocation lookaside optimization.  The first argument is the
1173** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1174** slots allocated to each database connection.  This option sets the
1175** <i>default</i> lookaside size.  The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1176** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1177** configuration on individual connections.</dd>
1178**
1179** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</dt>
1180** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1181** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  This object specifies the interface
1182** to a custom page cache implementation.  SQLite makes a copy of the
1183** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1184**
1185** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</dt>
1186** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1187** [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1188** page cache implementation into that object.</dd>
1189**
1190** </dl>
1191*/
1192#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1193#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1194#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1195#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1196#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1197#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1198#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1199#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1200#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1201#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1202#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1203/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1204#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1205#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
1206#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
1207
1208/*
1209** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options {H10170} <S20000>
1210** EXPERIMENTAL
1211**
1212** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1213** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1214**
1215** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1216** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1217** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1218** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1219** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1220** is invoked.
1221**
1222** <dl>
1223** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1224** <dd>This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1225** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1226** The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1227** pointer to an memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1228** The first argument may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1229** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()].  The second argument is the
1230** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the third argument is the number of
1231** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1232** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1233** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  If the second argument is not
1234** a multiple of 8, it is internally rounded down to the next smaller
1235** multiple of 8.  See also: [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]</dd>
1236**
1237** </dl>
1238*/
1239#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE    1001  /* void* int int */
1240
1241
1242/*
1243** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes {H12200} <S10700>
1244**
1245** The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1246** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. The extended result
1247** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility considerations.
1248**
1249** Requirements:
1250** [H12201] [H12202]
1251*/
1252int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1253
1254/*
1255** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid {H12220} <S10700>
1256**
1257** Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1258** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. The rowid is always available
1259** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1260** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. If
1261** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1262** is another alias for the rowid.
1263**
1264** This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1265** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1266** in the first argument.  If no successful [INSERT]s
1267** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1268**
1269** If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger, then the [rowid] of the inserted
1270** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
1271** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
1272** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.
1273**
1274** An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1275** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1276** routine.  Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1277** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1278** routine when their insertion fails.  When INSERT OR REPLACE
1279** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1280** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1281** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1282** the return value of this interface.
1283**
1284** For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1285** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1286**
1287** Requirements:
1288** [H12221] [H12223]
1289**
1290** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1291** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1292** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1293** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1294** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1295** last insert [rowid].
1296*/
1297sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1298
1299/*
1300** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified {H12240} <S10600>
1301**
1302** This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1303** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1304** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1305** Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1306** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1307** triggers are not counted. Use the [sqlite3_total_changes()] function
1308** to find the total number of changes including changes caused by triggers.
1309**
1310** Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1311** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1312**
1313** A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1314** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1315** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1316** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1317** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.
1318**
1319** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1320** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1321** Most SQL statements are
1322** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1323** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1324** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1325** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1326**
1327** Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1328** not create a new trigger context.
1329**
1330** This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1331** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1332** trigger context.
1333**
1334** Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1335** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1336** that also occurred at the top level.  Within the body of a trigger,
1337** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1338** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1339** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1340** However, the number returned does not include changes
1341** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.
1342**
1343** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface and the
1344** [count_changes pragma].
1345**
1346** Requirements:
1347** [H12241] [H12243]
1348**
1349** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1350** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1351** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1352*/
1353int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1354
1355/*
1356** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified {H12260} <S10600>
1357**
1358** This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1359** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1360** The count includes all changes from all
1361** [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts.  However,
1362** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1363** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1364** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1365** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1366** are counted.
1367** The changes are counted as soon as the statement that makes them is
1368** completed (when the statement handle is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or
1369** [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1370**
1371** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface and the
1372** [count_changes pragma].
1373**
1374** Requirements:
1375** [H12261] [H12263]
1376**
1377** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1378** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1379** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1380*/
1381int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1382
1383/*
1384** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query {H12270} <S30500>
1385**
1386** This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1387** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1388** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1389** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1390** immediately.
1391**
1392** It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1393** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1394** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1395** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1396**
1397** If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1398** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1399** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1400**
1401** An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1402** If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1403** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1404** will be rolled back automatically.
1405**
1406** The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1407** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  Any new SQL statements
1408** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1409** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1410** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  New SQL statements
1411** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1412** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1413** A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1414** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1415** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1416**
1417** Requirements:
1418** [H12271] [H12272]
1419**
1420** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1421** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1422*/
1423void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1424
1425/*
1426** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete {H10510} <S70200>
1427**
1428** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1429** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1430** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1431** SQLite for parsing.  These routines return 1 if the input string
1432** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  A statement is judged to be
1433** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1434** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  Semicolons that are embedded within
1435** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1436** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1437** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  Whitespace
1438** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1439**
1440** These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  If a
1441** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1442**
1443** These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1444** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1445**
1446** If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1447** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1448** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1449** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1450** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.
1451**
1452** Requirements: [H10511] [H10512]
1453**
1454** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1455** UTF-8 string.
1456**
1457** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1458** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1459*/
1460int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1461int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1462
1463/*
1464** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors {H12310} <S40400>
1465**
1466** This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1467** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1468** or process has locked.
1469**
1470** If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1471** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock. If the busy callback
1472** is not NULL, then the callback will be invoked with two arguments.
1473**
1474** The first argument to the handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1475** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  The second argument to
1476** the handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1477** been invoked for this locking event.  If the
1478** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1479** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1480** If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1481** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1482**
1483** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1484** when there is lock contention. If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1485** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1486** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1487** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1488** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1489** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1490** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1491** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1492** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1493** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1494** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1495** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1496** the second process to proceed.
1497**
1498** The default busy callback is NULL.
1499**
1500** The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1501** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1502** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1503** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1504** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1505** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1506** readers.  If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1507** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1508** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1509** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  This error code promotion
1510** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1511** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1512** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1513** this is important.
1514**
1515** There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1516** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1517** previously set handler.  Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1518** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1519**
1520** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1521** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1522** result in undefined behavior.
1523**
1524** Requirements:
1525** [H12311] [H12312] [H12314] [H12316] [H12318]
1526**
1527** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1528** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1529*/
1530int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1531
1532/*
1533** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout {H12340} <S40410>
1534**
1535** This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1536** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  The handler
1537** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1538** have accumulated. {H12343} After "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1539** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1540** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1541**
1542** Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1543** turns off all busy handlers.
1544**
1545** There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1546** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1547** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1548** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.
1549**
1550** Requirements:
1551** [H12341] [H12343] [H12344]
1552*/
1553int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1554
1555/*
1556** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries {H12370} <S10000>
1557**
1558** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1559** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1560** complete query results from one or more queries.
1561**
1562** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1563** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1564** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1565** and M be the number of columns.
1566**
1567** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1568** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1569** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1570** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1571** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1572** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
1573**
1574** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
1575** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1576** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1577**
1578** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1579** is as follows:
1580**
1581** <blockquote><pre>
1582**        Name        | Age
1583**        -----------------------
1584**        Alice       | 43
1585**        Bob         | 28
1586**        Cindy       | 21
1587** </pre></blockquote>
1588**
1589** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1590** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1591** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1592**
1593** <blockquote><pre>
1594**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1595**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1596**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1597**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1598**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
1599**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
1600**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
1601**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
1602** </pre></blockquote>
1603**
1604** The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
1605** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
1606** string of its 2nd parameter.  It returns a result table to the
1607** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
1608**
1609** After the calling function has finished using the result, it should
1610** pass the pointer to the result table to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
1611** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
1612** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
1613** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
1614** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
1615**
1616** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
1617** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
1618** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
1619** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
1620** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
1621** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or [sqlite3_errmsg()].
1622**
1623** Requirements:
1624** [H12371] [H12373] [H12374] [H12376] [H12379] [H12382]
1625*/
1626int sqlite3_get_table(
1627  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
1628  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
1629  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
1630  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
1631  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
1632  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
1633);
1634void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
1635
1636/*
1637** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions {H17400} <S70000><S20000>
1638**
1639** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
1640** from the standard C library.
1641**
1642** The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
1643** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
1644** The strings returned by these two routines should be
1645** released by [sqlite3_free()].  Both routines return a
1646** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
1647** memory to hold the resulting string.
1648**
1649** In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
1650** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
1651** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
1652** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
1653** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().  This is an
1654** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
1655** backwards compatibility.  Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
1656** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
1657** characters actually written into the buffer.  We admit that
1658** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
1659** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
1660** now without breaking compatibility.
1661**
1662** As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
1663** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  The first
1664** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
1665** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
1666** written will be n-1 characters.
1667**
1668** These routines all implement some additional formatting
1669** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
1670** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
1671** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
1672**
1673** The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
1674** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
1675** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.  By doubling each '\''
1676** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
1677** the string.
1678**
1679** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
1680**
1681** <blockquote><pre>
1682**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
1683** </pre></blockquote>
1684**
1685** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
1686**
1687** <blockquote><pre>
1688**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
1689**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
1690**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
1691** </pre></blockquote>
1692**
1693** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
1694** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
1695**
1696** <blockquote><pre>
1697**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
1698** </pre></blockquote>
1699**
1700** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
1701** would have looked like this:
1702**
1703** <blockquote><pre>
1704**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
1705** </pre></blockquote>
1706**
1707** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
1708** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
1709**
1710** The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
1711** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
1712** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
1713** single quotes) in place of the %Q option.  So, for example, one could say:
1714**
1715** <blockquote><pre>
1716**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
1717**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
1718**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
1719** </pre></blockquote>
1720**
1721** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
1722** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
1723**
1724** The "%z" formatting option works exactly like "%s" with the
1725** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
1726** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string. {END}
1727**
1728** Requirements:
1729** [H17403] [H17406] [H17407]
1730*/
1731char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
1732char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
1733char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
1734
1735/*
1736** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem {H17300} <S20000>
1737**
1738** The SQLite core  uses these three routines for all of its own
1739** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
1740** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
1741** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
1742**
1743** The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
1744** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
1745** If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
1746** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  If the parameter N to
1747** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
1748** a NULL pointer.
1749**
1750** Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
1751** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
1752** that it might be reused.  The sqlite3_free() routine is
1753** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
1754** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
1755** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
1756** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
1757** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
1758** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
1759** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
1760**
1761** The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
1762** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
1763** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
1764** parameter.  If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
1765** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
1766** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
1767** If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
1768** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
1769** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
1770** sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
1771** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
1772** If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
1773** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
1774** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
1775** If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
1776** is not freed.
1777**
1778** The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
1779** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary. {END}
1780**
1781** The default implementation of the memory allocation subsystem uses
1782** the malloc(), realloc() and free() provided by the standard C library.
1783** {H17382} However, if SQLite is compiled with the
1784** SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE=<i>NNN</i> C preprocessor macro (where <i>NNN</i>
1785** is an integer), then SQLite create a static array of at least
1786** <i>NNN</i> bytes in size and uses that array for all of its dynamic
1787** memory allocation needs. {END}  Additional memory allocator options
1788** may be added in future releases.
1789**
1790** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
1791** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
1792** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
1793** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
1794**
1795** The Windows OS interface layer calls
1796** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
1797** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
1798** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
1799** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
1800** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
1801** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
1802**
1803** Requirements:
1804** [H17303] [H17304] [H17305] [H17306] [H17310] [H17312] [H17315] [H17318]
1805** [H17321] [H17322] [H17323]
1806**
1807** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
1808** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
1809** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
1810** not yet been released.
1811**
1812** The application must not read or write any part of
1813** a block of memory after it has been released using
1814** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
1815*/
1816void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
1817void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
1818void sqlite3_free(void*);
1819
1820/*
1821** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics {H17370} <S30210>
1822**
1823** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
1824** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
1825** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
1826**
1827** Requirements:
1828** [H17371] [H17373] [H17374] [H17375]
1829*/
1830sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
1831sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
1832
1833/*
1834** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator {H17390} <S20000>
1835**
1836** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
1837** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
1838** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
1839** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
1840** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
1841**
1842** A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
1843**
1844** The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
1845** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
1846** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
1847** On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
1848** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
1849** method.
1850**
1851** Requirements:
1852** [H17392]
1853*/
1854void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
1855
1856/*
1857** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks {H12500} <S70100>
1858**
1859** This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
1860** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
1861** The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
1862** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
1863** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  At various
1864** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
1865** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
1866** see if those actions are allowed.  The authorizer callback should
1867** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
1868** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
1869** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
1870** rejected with an error.  If the authorizer callback returns
1871** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
1872** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
1873** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
1874**
1875** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
1876** requested is ok.  When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
1877** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
1878** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
1879** access is denied.
1880**
1881** The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
1882** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. The second parameter
1883** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
1884** the particular action to be authorized. The third through sixth parameters
1885** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
1886** details about the action to be authorized.
1887**
1888** If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
1889** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
1890** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
1891** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
1892** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
1893** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
1894** columns of a table.
1895** If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
1896** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
1897** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
1898**
1899** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
1900** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
1901** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
1902** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
1903** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
1904** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
1905** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
1906** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
1907** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
1908** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
1909**
1910** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
1911** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
1912** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
1913** in addition to using an authorizer.
1914**
1915** Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
1916** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
1917** previous call.  Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
1918** The authorizer is disabled by default.
1919**
1920** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
1921** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
1922** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
1923** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
1924**
1925** When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
1926** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
1927** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
1928** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
1929**
1930** Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
1931** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
1932** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
1933** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
1934** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
1935**
1936** Requirements:
1937** [H12501] [H12502] [H12503] [H12504] [H12505] [H12506] [H12507] [H12510]
1938** [H12511] [H12512] [H12520] [H12521] [H12522]
1939*/
1940int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
1941  sqlite3*,
1942  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
1943  void *pUserData
1944);
1945
1946/*
1947** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes {H12590} <H12500>
1948**
1949** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
1950** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
1951** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
1952** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
1953** information.
1954*/
1955#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
1956#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
1957
1958/*
1959** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes {H12550} <H12500>
1960**
1961** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
1962** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
1963** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
1964** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
1965** the authorizer callback may be passed.
1966**
1967** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
1968** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
1969** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
1970** codes is used as the second parameter.  The 5th parameter to the
1971** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
1972** etc.) if applicable.  The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
1973** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
1974** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
1975** top-level SQL code.
1976**
1977** Requirements:
1978** [H12551] [H12552] [H12553] [H12554]
1979*/
1980/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
1981#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1982#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1983#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1984#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1985#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1986#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
1987#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1988#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
1989#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1990#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1991#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1992#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
1993#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1994#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1995#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
1996#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
1997#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
1998#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
1999#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2000#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2001#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2002#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2003#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2004#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2005#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2006#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2007#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2008#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2009#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2010#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2011#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2012#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2013#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2014
2015/*
2016** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions {H12280} <S60400>
2017** EXPERIMENTAL
2018**
2019** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2020** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2021**
2022** The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2023** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2024** The callback returns a UTF-8 rendering of the SQL statement text
2025** as the statement first begins executing.  Additional callbacks occur
2026** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2027** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.
2028**
2029** The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2030** as each SQL statement finishes.  The profile callback contains
2031** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2032** of how long that statement took to run.
2033**
2034** Requirements:
2035** [H12281] [H12282] [H12283] [H12284] [H12285] [H12287] [H12288] [H12289]
2036** [H12290]
2037*/
2038SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2039SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2040   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2041
2042/*
2043** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks {H12910} <S60400>
2044**
2045** This routine configures a callback function - the
2046** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
2047** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
2048** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
2049** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2050**
2051** If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2052** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2053** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2054**
2055** The progress handler must not do anything that will modify
2056** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2057** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2058** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2059**
2060** Requirements:
2061** [H12911] [H12912] [H12913] [H12914] [H12915] [H12916] [H12917] [H12918]
2062**
2063*/
2064void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2065
2066/*
2067** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection {H12700} <S40200>
2068**
2069** These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
2070** filename argument. The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2071** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2072** order for sqlite3_open16(). A [database connection] handle is usually
2073** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2074** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2075** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2076** object. If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2077** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.  The
2078** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2079** an English language description of the error.
2080**
2081** The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2082** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2083** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2084**
2085** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2086** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2087** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2088**
2089** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2090** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2091** over the new database connection.  The flags parameter can take one of
2092** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2093** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] or [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flags:
2094**
2095** <dl>
2096** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2097** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2098** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>
2099**
2100** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2101** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2102** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2103** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>
2104**
2105** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2106** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
2107** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2108** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>
2109** </dl>
2110**
2111** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2112** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
2113** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] or [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flags,
2114** then the behavior is undefined.
2115**
2116** If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2117** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2118** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  If the
2119** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2120** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2121** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2122**
2123** If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2124** is created for the connection.  This in-memory database will vanish when
2125** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2126** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2127** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2128** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2129** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2130**
2131** If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2132** on-disk database will be created.  This private database will be
2133** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2134**
2135** The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2136** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2137** the new database connection should use.  If the fourth parameter is
2138** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2139**
2140** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2141** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2142** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2143** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2144** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2145**
2146** Requirements:
2147** [H12701] [H12702] [H12703] [H12704] [H12706] [H12707] [H12709] [H12711]
2148** [H12712] [H12713] [H12714] [H12717] [H12719] [H12721] [H12723]
2149*/
2150int sqlite3_open(
2151  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2152  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2153);
2154int sqlite3_open16(
2155  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2156  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2157);
2158int sqlite3_open_v2(
2159  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2160  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2161  int flags,              /* Flags */
2162  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2163);
2164
2165/*
2166** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages {H12800} <S60200>
2167**
2168** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2169** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2170** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2171** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2172** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2173** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2174** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2175** disabled.
2176**
2177** The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2178** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2179** Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2180** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2181** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2182** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.
2183**
2184** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2185** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2186** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2187** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2188** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2189** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2190** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2191** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2192** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2193**
2194** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2195** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2196** error code and message may or may not be set.
2197**
2198** Requirements:
2199** [H12801] [H12802] [H12803] [H12807] [H12808] [H12809]
2200*/
2201int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2202int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2203const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2204const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2205
2206/*
2207** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object {H13000} <H13010>
2208** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2209**
2210** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2211** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2212** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2213**
2214** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2215**
2216** <ol>
2217** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2218**      function.
2219** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2220**      interfaces.
2221** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2222** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2223**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2224** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2225** </ol>
2226**
2227** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2228** information.
2229*/
2230typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2231
2232/*
2233** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits {H12760} <S20600>
2234**
2235** This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2236** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2237** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2238** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2239** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2240** new limit for that construct.  The function returns the old limit.
2241**
2242** If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2243** For the limit category of SQLITE_LIMIT_XYZ there is a
2244** [limits | hard upper bound]
2245** set by a compile-time C preprocessor macro named
2246** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_XYZ].
2247** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".)
2248** Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2249** silently truncated to the hard upper limit.
2250**
2251** Run time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2252** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2253** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2254** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2255** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2256** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2257** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2258** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2259** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2260** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2261** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2262** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2263**
2264** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2265**
2266** Requirements:
2267** [H12762] [H12766] [H12769]
2268*/
2269int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2270
2271/*
2272** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories {H12790} <H12760>
2273** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {limit categories}
2274**
2275** These constants define various performance limits
2276** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2277** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2278** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2279**
2280** <dl>
2281** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2282** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row.<dd>
2283**
2284** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2285** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement.</dd>
2286**
2287** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2288** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2289** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2290** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>
2291**
2292** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2293** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>
2294**
2295** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2296** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>
2297**
2298** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2299** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2300** used to implement an SQL statement.</dd>
2301**
2302** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2303** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>
2304**
2305** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2306** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].</dd>
2307**
2308** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2309** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2310** [GLOB] operators.</dd>
2311**
2312** <dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2313** <dd>The maximum number of variables in an SQL statement that can
2314** be bound.</dd>
2315** </dl>
2316*/
2317#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2318#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2319#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2320#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2321#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2322#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2323#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2324#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2325#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2326#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2327
2328/*
2329** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement {H13010} <S10000>
2330** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2331**
2332** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2333** program using one of these routines.
2334**
2335** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2336** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2337** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2338**
2339** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2340** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2341** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2342** use UTF-16.
2343**
2344** If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2345** first zero terminator. If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2346** number of  bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is non-negative, the
2347** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2348** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2349** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2350** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2351** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2352** the nul-terminator bytes.
2353**
2354** If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2355** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2356** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2357** what remains uncompiled.
2358**
2359** *ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2360** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2361** to NULL.  If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2362** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2363** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2364** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2365** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2366**
2367** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned, otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2368**
2369** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2370** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2371** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2372** In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2373** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2374** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2375** behave a differently in two ways:
2376**
2377** <ol>
2378** <li>
2379** If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2380** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2381** statement and try to run it again.  If the schema has changed in
2382** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
2383** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
2384** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
2385** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
2386** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
2387** </li>
2388**
2389** <li>
2390** When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2391** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  The legacy behavior was that
2392** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2393** and you would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()] in order
2394** to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2395** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2396** </li>
2397** </ol>
2398**
2399** Requirements:
2400** [H13011] [H13012] [H13013] [H13014] [H13015] [H13016] [H13019] [H13021]
2401**
2402*/
2403int sqlite3_prepare(
2404  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2405  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2406  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2407  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2408  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2409);
2410int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2411  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2412  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2413  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2414  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2415  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2416);
2417int sqlite3_prepare16(
2418  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2419  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2420  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2421  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2422  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2423);
2424int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2425  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2426  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2427  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2428  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2429  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2430);
2431
2432/*
2433** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL {H13100} <H13000>
2434**
2435** This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
2436** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
2437** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2438**
2439** Requirements:
2440** [H13101] [H13102] [H13103]
2441*/
2442const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2443
2444/*
2445** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object {H15000} <S20200>
2446** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
2447**
2448** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
2449** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
2450** for the values it stores. Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
2451** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
2452**
2453** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
2454** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
2455** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
2456** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
2457** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
2458**
2459** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
2460** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
2461** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
2462** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
2463** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
2464** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
2465** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
2466** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
2467** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
2468** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
2469** still make the distinction between between protected and unprotected
2470** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
2471**
2472** The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
2473** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
2474** The sqlite3_value object returned by
2475** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
2476** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
2477** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
2478** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
2479** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
2480*/
2481typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
2482
2483/*
2484** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object {H16001} <S20200>
2485**
2486** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
2487** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
2488** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
2489** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
2490** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
2491** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
2492** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
2493** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
2494*/
2495typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
2496
2497/*
2498** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements {H13500} <S70300>
2499** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
2500** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
2501**
2502** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
2503** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
2504** templates:
2505**
2506** <ul>
2507** <li>  ?
2508** <li>  ?NNN
2509** <li>  :VVV
2510** <li>  @VVV
2511** <li>  $VVV
2512** </ul>
2513**
2514** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
2515** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifer.  The values of these
2516** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
2517** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
2518**
2519** The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
2520** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
2521** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
2522**
2523** The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
2524** The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  When the same named
2525** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
2526** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
2527** The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
2528** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  The index
2529** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
2530** The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
2531** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
2532**
2533** The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
2534**
2535** In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
2536** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
2537** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.
2538** If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
2539** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
2540**
2541** The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
2542** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
2543** string after SQLite has finished with it. If the fifth argument is
2544** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
2545** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
2546** If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
2547** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
2548** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
2549**
2550** The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
2551** is filled with zeroes.  A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
2552** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
2553** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
2554** content is later written using
2555** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
2556** A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
2557**
2558** The sqlite3_bind_*() routines must be called after
2559** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] (and its variants) or [sqlite3_reset()] and
2560** before [sqlite3_step()].
2561** Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
2562** Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
2563**
2564** These routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an error code if
2565** anything goes wrong.  [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
2566** index is out of range.  [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
2567** [SQLITE_MISUSE] might be returned if these routines are called on a
2568** virtual machine that is the wrong state or which has already been finalized.
2569** Detection of misuse is unreliable.  Applications should not depend
2570** on SQLITE_MISUSE returns.  SQLITE_MISUSE is intended to indicate a
2571** a logic error in the application.  Future versions of SQLite might
2572** panic rather than return SQLITE_MISUSE.
2573**
2574** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
2575** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2576**
2577** Requirements:
2578** [H13506] [H13509] [H13512] [H13515] [H13518] [H13521] [H13524] [H13527]
2579** [H13530] [H13533] [H13536] [H13539] [H13542] [H13545] [H13548] [H13551]
2580**
2581*/
2582int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
2583int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
2584int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
2585int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
2586int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
2587int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
2588int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
2589int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
2590int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
2591
2592/*
2593** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters {H13600} <S70300>
2594**
2595** This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
2596** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
2597** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
2598** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
2599** to the parameters at a later time.
2600**
2601** This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
2602** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
2603** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN are used,
2604** there may be gaps in the list.
2605**
2606** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2607** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
2608** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2609**
2610** Requirements:
2611** [H13601]
2612*/
2613int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
2614
2615/*
2616** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter {H13620} <S70300>
2617**
2618** This routine returns a pointer to the name of the n-th
2619** [SQL parameter] in a [prepared statement].
2620** SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
2621** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
2622** respectively.
2623** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
2624** is included as part of the name.
2625** Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
2626** and are also referred to as "anonymous parameters".
2627**
2628** The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
2629**
2630** If the value n is out of range or if the n-th parameter is
2631** nameless, then NULL is returned.  The returned string is
2632** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
2633** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
2634** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2635**
2636** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2637** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
2638** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2639**
2640** Requirements:
2641** [H13621]
2642*/
2643const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
2644
2645/*
2646** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name {H13640} <S70300>
2647**
2648** Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  The
2649** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
2650** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  A zero
2651** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  The parameter
2652** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
2653** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2654**
2655** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2656** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
2657** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2658**
2659** Requirements:
2660** [H13641]
2661*/
2662int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
2663
2664/*
2665** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement {H13660} <S70300>
2666**
2667** Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
2668** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
2669** Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
2670**
2671** Requirements:
2672** [H13661]
2673*/
2674int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
2675
2676/*
2677** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set {H13710} <S10700>
2678**
2679** Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
2680** [prepared statement]. This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
2681** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
2682**
2683** Requirements:
2684** [H13711]
2685*/
2686int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2687
2688/*
2689** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set {H13720} <S10700>
2690**
2691** These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
2692** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  The sqlite3_column_name()
2693** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
2694** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
2695** UTF-16 string.  The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
2696** that implements the [SELECT] statement. The second parameter is the
2697** column number.  The leftmost column is number 0.
2698**
2699** The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
2700** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
2701** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
2702**
2703** If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
2704** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
2705** NULL pointer is returned.
2706**
2707** The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
2708** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
2709** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
2710** one release of SQLite to the next.
2711**
2712** Requirements:
2713** [H13721] [H13723] [H13724] [H13725] [H13726] [H13727]
2714*/
2715const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
2716const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
2717
2718/*
2719** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result {H13740} <S10700>
2720**
2721** These routines provide a means to determine what column of what
2722** table in which database a result of a [SELECT] statement comes from.
2723** The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
2724** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  The _database_ routines return
2725** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
2726** the origin_ routines return the column name.
2727** The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
2728** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
2729** again in a different encoding.
2730**
2731** The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
2732** database, table, and column.
2733**
2734** The first argument to the following calls is a [prepared statement].
2735** These functions return information about the Nth column returned by
2736** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
2737**
2738** If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
2739** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
2740** NULL.  These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
2741** occurs.  Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table
2742** and column that query result column was extracted from.
2743**
2744** As with all other SQLite APIs, those postfixed with "16" return
2745** UTF-16 encoded strings, the other functions return UTF-8. {END}
2746**
2747** These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
2748** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
2749**
2750** {A13751}
2751** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
2752** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
2753** undefined.
2754**
2755** Requirements:
2756** [H13741] [H13742] [H13743] [H13744] [H13745] [H13746] [H13748]
2757**
2758** If two or more threads call one or more
2759** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
2760** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
2761** at the same time then the results are undefined.
2762*/
2763const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2764const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2765const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2766const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2767const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2768const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2769
2770/*
2771** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result {H13760} <S10700>
2772**
2773** The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
2774** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
2775** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
2776** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
2777** column is returned.  If the Nth column of the result set is an
2778** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
2779** The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded. {END}
2780**
2781** For example, given the database schema:
2782**
2783** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
2784**
2785** and the following statement to be compiled:
2786**
2787** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
2788**
2789** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
2790** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).
2791**
2792** SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  So just because a column
2793** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
2794** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
2795** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  Type
2796** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
2797** used to hold those values.
2798**
2799** Requirements:
2800** [H13761] [H13762] [H13763]
2801*/
2802const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2803const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2804
2805/*
2806** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement {H13200} <S10000>
2807**
2808** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
2809** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
2810** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
2811** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
2812**
2813** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
2814** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
2815** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
2816** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
2817** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
2818** interface will continue to be supported.
2819**
2820** In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
2821** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
2822** With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
2823** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
2824**
2825** [SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
2826** database locks it needs to do its job.  If the statement is a [COMMIT]
2827** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
2828** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
2829** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
2830** continuing.
2831**
2832** [SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
2833** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
2834** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
2835** machine back to its initial state.
2836**
2837** If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
2838** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
2839** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
2840** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
2841**
2842** [SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
2843** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
2844** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2845** With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
2846** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
2847** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
2848** [prepared statement].  In the "v2" interface,
2849** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
2850**
2851** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
2852** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
2853** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
2854** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
2855** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
2856** more threads at the same moment in time.
2857**
2858** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
2859** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
2860** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
2861** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
2862** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
2863** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
2864** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
2865** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
2866** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
2867** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
2868** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
2869**
2870** Requirements:
2871** [H13202] [H15304] [H15306] [H15308] [H15310]
2872*/
2873int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
2874
2875/*
2876** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set {H13770} <S10700>
2877**
2878** Returns the number of values in the current row of the result set.
2879**
2880** Requirements:
2881** [H13771] [H13772]
2882*/
2883int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2884
2885/*
2886** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes {H10265} <S10110><S10120>
2887** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
2888**
2889** {H10266} Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
2890**
2891** <ul>
2892** <li> 64-bit signed integer
2893** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
2894** <li> string
2895** <li> BLOB
2896** <li> NULL
2897** </ul> {END}
2898**
2899** These constants are codes for each of those types.
2900**
2901** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
2902** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
2903** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
2904** SQLITE_TEXT.
2905*/
2906#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
2907#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
2908#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
2909#define SQLITE_NULL     5
2910#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
2911# undef SQLITE_TEXT
2912#else
2913# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
2914#endif
2915#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
2916
2917/*
2918** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query {H13800} <S10700>
2919** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
2920**
2921** These routines form the "result set query" interface.
2922**
2923** These routines return information about a single column of the current
2924** result row of a query.  In every case the first argument is a pointer
2925** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
2926** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
2927** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
2928** should be returned.  The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
2929**
2930** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
2931** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
2932** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
2933** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
2934** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
2935** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
2936** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
2937** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
2938** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
2939** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
2940** are pending, then the results are undefined.
2941**
2942** The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
2943** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
2944** of the result column.  The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
2945** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
2946** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
2947** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
2948** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
2949** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
2950** following a type conversion.
2951**
2952** If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
2953** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
2954** If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
2955** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
2956** If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
2957** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
2958** the number of bytes in that string.
2959** The value returned does not include the zero terminator at the end
2960** of the string.  For clarity: the value returned is the number of
2961** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
2962**
2963** Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
2964** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  The return
2965** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is an arbitrary
2966** pointer, possibly even a NULL pointer.
2967**
2968** The sqlite3_column_bytes16() routine is similar to sqlite3_column_bytes()
2969** but leaves the result in UTF-16 in native byte order instead of UTF-8.
2970** The zero terminator is not included in this count.
2971**
2972** The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
2973** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
2974** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
2975** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
2976** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
2977** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
2978** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
2979**
2980** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  For
2981** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
2982** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
2983** conversion automatically.  The following table details the conversions
2984** that are applied:
2985**
2986** <blockquote>
2987** <table border="1">
2988** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
2989**
2990** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
2991** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
2992** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
2993** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
2994** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
2995** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
2996** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
2997** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
2998** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
2999** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3000** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3001** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3002** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3003** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3004** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3005** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3006** </table>
3007** </blockquote>
3008**
3009** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3010** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3011** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3012** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3013** C programmers.
3014**
3015** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3016** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3017** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3018** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3019** in the following cases:
3020**
3021** <ul>
3022** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3023**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3024**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3025** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3026**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3027**      to UTF-16.</li>
3028** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3029**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3030**      to UTF-8.</li>
3031** </ul>
3032**
3033** Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3034** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3035** that the prior pointer points to will have been modified.  Other kinds
3036** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3037** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3038**
3039** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3040** in one of the following ways:
3041**
3042** <ul>
3043**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3044**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3045**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3046** </ul>
3047**
3048** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3049** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3050** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3051** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3052** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3053** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3054** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3055**
3056** The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3057** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3058** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  The memory space used to hold strings
3059** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3060** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3061** [sqlite3_free()].
3062**
3063** If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3064** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3065** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3066** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3067** [SQLITE_NOMEM].
3068**
3069** Requirements:
3070** [H13803] [H13806] [H13809] [H13812] [H13815] [H13818] [H13821] [H13824]
3071** [H13827] [H13830]
3072*/
3073const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3074int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3075int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3076double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3077int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3078sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3079const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3080const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3081int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3082sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3083
3084/*
3085** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object {H13300} <S70300><S30100>
3086**
3087** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3088** If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
3089** SQLITE_OK is returned. If execution of the statement failed then an
3090** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
3091**
3092** This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
3093** [prepared statement].  If the virtual machine has not
3094** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
3095** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
3096** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
3097** depending on the circumstances, and the
3098** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
3099**
3100** Requirements:
3101** [H11302] [H11304]
3102*/
3103int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3104
3105/*
3106** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object {H13330} <S70300>
3107**
3108** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3109** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3110** Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3111** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3112** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3113**
3114** {H11332} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3115**          back to the beginning of its program.
3116**
3117** {H11334} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3118**          [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3119**          or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3120**          then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3121**
3122** {H11336} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3123**          [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3124**          [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3125**
3126** {H11338} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3127**          of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3128*/
3129int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3130
3131/*
3132** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions {H16100} <S20200>
3133** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3134** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3135** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3136**
3137** These two functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3138** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3139** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only difference between the
3140** two is that the second parameter, the name of the (scalar) function or
3141** aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16
3142** for sqlite3_create_function16().
3143**
3144** The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3145** function is to be added.  If a single program uses more than one database
3146** connection internally, then SQL functions must be added individually to
3147** each database connection.
3148**
3149** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3150** redefined.  The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
3151** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
3152** characters.  Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3153** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
3154**
3155** The third parameter (nArg)
3156** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3157** aggregate takes. If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3158** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3159** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3160** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3161** undefined.
3162**
3163** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3164** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3165** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
3166** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3167** more efficient with one encoding than another.  An application may
3168** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3169** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3170** When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3171** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3172** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3173** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3174**
3175** The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3176** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].
3177**
3178** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3179** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3180** aggregate. A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3181** callback only, NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3182** parameters. An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3183** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an existing
3184** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
3185**
3186** It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3187** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3188** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
3189** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3190** SQL function is used.  A function implementation with a non-negative
3191** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3192** a negative nArg.  A function where the preferred text encoding
3193** matches the database encoding is a better
3194** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3195** A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3196** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3197** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3198**
3199** Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3200** The first application-defined function with a given name overrides all
3201** built-in functions in the same [database connection] with the same name.
3202** Subsequent application-defined functions of the same name only override
3203** prior application-defined functions that are an exact match for the
3204** number of parameters and preferred encoding.
3205**
3206** An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3207** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3208** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3209** statement in which the function is running.
3210**
3211** Requirements:
3212** [H16103] [H16106] [H16109] [H16112] [H16118] [H16121] [H16127]
3213** [H16130] [H16133] [H16136] [H16139] [H16142]
3214*/
3215int sqlite3_create_function(
3216  sqlite3 *db,
3217  const char *zFunctionName,
3218  int nArg,
3219  int eTextRep,
3220  void *pApp,
3221  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3222  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3223  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3224);
3225int sqlite3_create_function16(
3226  sqlite3 *db,
3227  const void *zFunctionName,
3228  int nArg,
3229  int eTextRep,
3230  void *pApp,
3231  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3232  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3233  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3234);
3235
3236/*
3237** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings {H10267} <S50200> <H16100>
3238**
3239** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3240** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3241*/
3242#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3243#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3244#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3245#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3246#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3247#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3248
3249/*
3250** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3251** DEPRECATED
3252**
3253** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3254** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3255** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3256** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3257** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3258*/
3259#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3260SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3261SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3262SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3263SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3264SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3265SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3266#endif
3267
3268/*
3269** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values {H15100} <S20200>
3270**
3271** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3272** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3273** the function or aggregate.
3274**
3275** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3276** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3277** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3278** The 4th parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3279** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3280** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3281** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3282**
3283** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3284** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3285** object results in undefined behavior.
3286**
3287** These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3288** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3289** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3290**
3291** The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3292** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  The
3293** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3294** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3295**
3296** The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3297** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3298** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3299** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3300** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3301** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3302** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.
3303**
3304** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3305** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3306** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3307** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3308** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3309**
3310** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3311** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3312**
3313** Requirements:
3314** [H15103] [H15106] [H15109] [H15112] [H15115] [H15118] [H15121] [H15124]
3315** [H15127] [H15130] [H15133] [H15136]
3316*/
3317const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3318int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3319int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3320double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3321int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3322sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3323const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3324const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3325const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3326const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3327int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3328int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3329
3330/*
3331** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context {H16210} <S20200>
3332**
3333** The implementation of aggregate SQL functions use this routine to allocate
3334** a structure for storing their state.
3335**
3336** The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context() routine is called for a
3337** particular aggregate, SQLite allocates nBytes of memory, zeroes out that
3338** memory, and returns a pointer to it. On second and subsequent calls to
3339** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function index,
3340** the same buffer is returned. The implementation of the aggregate can use
3341** the returned buffer to accumulate data.
3342**
3343** SQLite automatically frees the allocated buffer when the aggregate
3344** query concludes.
3345**
3346** The first parameter should be a copy of the
3347** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
3348** to the callback routine that implements the aggregate function.
3349**
3350** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3351** the aggregate SQL function is running.
3352**
3353** Requirements:
3354** [H16211] [H16213] [H16215] [H16217]
3355*/
3356void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
3357
3358/*
3359** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions {H16240} <S20200>
3360**
3361** The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
3362** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
3363** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3364** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3365** registered the application defined function. {END}
3366**
3367** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3368** the application-defined function is running.
3369**
3370** Requirements:
3371** [H16243]
3372*/
3373void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
3374
3375/*
3376** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions {H16250} <S60600><S20200>
3377**
3378** The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
3379** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
3380** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3381** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3382** registered the application defined function.
3383**
3384** Requirements:
3385** [H16253]
3386*/
3387sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
3388
3389/*
3390** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data {H16270} <S20200>
3391**
3392** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
3393** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
3394** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
3395** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
3396** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
3397** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
3398** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
3399** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
3400** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
3401** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
3402**
3403** The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
3404** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
3405** value to the application-defined function. If no metadata has been ever
3406** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
3407** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
3408** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
3409**
3410** The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
3411** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
3412** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
3413** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
3414** not been destroyed.
3415** If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
3416** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
3417** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
3418** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
3419**
3420** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
3421** parameter of any function at any time.  The only guarantee is that
3422** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
3423**
3424** In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
3425** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
3426** values and SQL variables.
3427**
3428** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
3429** the SQL function is running.
3430**
3431** Requirements:
3432** [H16272] [H16274] [H16276] [H16277] [H16278] [H16279]
3433*/
3434void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
3435void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
3436
3437
3438/*
3439** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior {H10280} <S30100>
3440**
3441** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
3442** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  If the destructor
3443** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
3444** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  The
3445** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
3446** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
3447** the content before returning.
3448**
3449** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
3450** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
3451*/
3452typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
3453#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
3454#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
3455
3456/*
3457** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function {H16400} <S20200>
3458**
3459** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
3460** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
3461** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3462** for additional information.
3463**
3464** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
3465** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
3466** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
3467**
3468** The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
3469** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
3470** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
3471** third parameter.
3472**
3473** The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
3474** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
3475** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
3476**
3477** The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
3478** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
3479** by its 2nd argument.
3480**
3481** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
3482** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
3483** SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
3484** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
3485** as the text of an error message.  SQLite interprets the error
3486** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. SQLite
3487** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
3488** byte order.  If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
3489** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
3490** message all text up through the first zero character.
3491** If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
3492** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
3493** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
3494** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
3495** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
3496** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
3497** modify the text after they return without harm.
3498** The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
3499** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  By default,
3500** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
3501** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
3502**
3503** The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
3504** indicating that a string or BLOB is to long to represent.
3505**
3506** The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
3507** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
3508**
3509** The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
3510** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
3511** value given in the 2nd argument.
3512** The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
3513** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
3514** value given in the 2nd argument.
3515**
3516** The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
3517** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
3518**
3519** The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
3520** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
3521** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
3522** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
3523** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
3524** SQLite takes the text result from the application from
3525** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
3526** If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3527** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
3528** through the first zero character.
3529** If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3530** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
3531** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
3532** function result.
3533** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3534** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
3535** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
3536** finished using that result.
3537** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
3538** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
3539** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
3540** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
3541** when it has finished using that result.
3542** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3543** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
3544** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
3545** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
3546**
3547** The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
3548** the application-defined function to be a copy the
3549** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  The
3550** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
3551** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
3552** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
3553** A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
3554** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
3555** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
3556**
3557** If these routines are called from within the different thread
3558** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
3559** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
3560**
3561** Requirements:
3562** [H16403] [H16406] [H16409] [H16412] [H16415] [H16418] [H16421] [H16424]
3563** [H16427] [H16430] [H16433] [H16436] [H16439] [H16442] [H16445] [H16448]
3564** [H16451] [H16454] [H16457] [H16460] [H16463]
3565*/
3566void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3567void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
3568void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
3569void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
3570void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
3571void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
3572void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
3573void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
3574void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
3575void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
3576void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
3577void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3578void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
3579void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
3580void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
3581void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
3582
3583/*
3584** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences {H16600} <S20300>
3585**
3586** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
3587** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
3588**
3589** The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
3590** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
3591** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). In all cases
3592** the name is passed as the second function argument.
3593**
3594** The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
3595** [SQLITE_UTF16LE], or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
3596** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
3597** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. The
3598** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16] to indicate that the routine
3599** expects pointers to be UTF-16 strings in the native byte order, or the
3600** argument can be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] if the
3601** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
3602** of UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3603**
3604** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
3605** argument.  If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
3606** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
3607** Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
3608** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
3609** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
3610**
3611** The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
3612** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
3613** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
3614** registered. {END}  The application defined collation routine should
3615** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
3616** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
3617**
3618** The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
3619** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
3620** the collation.  The destructor is called when the collation is
3621** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
3622** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
3623** Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
3624** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
3625** using [sqlite3_close()].
3626**
3627** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
3628**
3629** Requirements:
3630** [H16603] [H16604] [H16606] [H16609] [H16612] [H16615] [H16618] [H16621]
3631** [H16624] [H16627] [H16630]
3632*/
3633int sqlite3_create_collation(
3634  sqlite3*,
3635  const char *zName,
3636  int eTextRep,
3637  void*,
3638  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
3639);
3640int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
3641  sqlite3*,
3642  const char *zName,
3643  int eTextRep,
3644  void*,
3645  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
3646  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3647);
3648int sqlite3_create_collation16(
3649  sqlite3*,
3650  const void *zName,
3651  int eTextRep,
3652  void*,
3653  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
3654);
3655
3656/*
3657** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks {H16700} <S20300>
3658**
3659** To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
3660** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
3661** [database connection] to be called whenever an undefined collation
3662** sequence is required.
3663**
3664** If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
3665** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
3666** encoded in UTF-8. {H16703} If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
3667** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
3668** A call to either function replaces any existing callback.
3669**
3670** When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
3671** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
3672** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
3673** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
3674** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
3675** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
3676** required collation sequence.
3677**
3678** The callback function should register the desired collation using
3679** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
3680** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
3681**
3682** Requirements:
3683** [H16702] [H16704] [H16706]
3684*/
3685int sqlite3_collation_needed(
3686  sqlite3*,
3687  void*,
3688  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
3689);
3690int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
3691  sqlite3*,
3692  void*,
3693  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
3694);
3695
3696/*
3697** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
3698** called right after sqlite3_open().
3699**
3700** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
3701** of SQLite.
3702*/
3703int sqlite3_key(
3704  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
3705  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
3706);
3707
3708/*
3709** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
3710** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
3711** database is decrypted.
3712**
3713** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
3714** of SQLite.
3715*/
3716int sqlite3_rekey(
3717  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
3718  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
3719);
3720
3721/*
3722** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time {H10530} <S40410>
3723**
3724** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
3725** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
3726**
3727** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
3728** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
3729** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
3730** requested from the operating system is returned.
3731**
3732** SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
3733** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
3734**
3735** Requirements: [H10533] [H10536]
3736*/
3737int sqlite3_sleep(int);
3738
3739/*
3740** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files {H10310} <S20000>
3741**
3742** If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
3743** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
3744** created by SQLite will be placed in that directory.  If this variable
3745** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
3746** temporary file directory.
3747**
3748** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
3749** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
3750** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
3751** thread.
3752** It is intended that this variable be set once
3753** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
3754** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
3755** thereafter.
3756**
3757** The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
3758** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  Furthermore,
3759** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
3760** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
3761** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
3762** using [sqlite3_free].
3763** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
3764** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
3765** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
3766*/
3767SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
3768
3769/*
3770** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode {H12930} <S60200>
3771** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
3772**
3773** The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
3774** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
3775** respectively.  Autocommit mode is on by default.
3776** Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
3777** Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
3778**
3779** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
3780** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
3781** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
3782** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
3783** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
3784** an error is to use this function.
3785**
3786** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
3787** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
3788** is undefined.
3789**
3790** Requirements: [H12931] [H12932] [H12933] [H12934]
3791*/
3792int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
3793
3794/*
3795** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement {H13120} <S60600>
3796**
3797** The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
3798** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  The [database connection]
3799** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection] that was the first argument
3800** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
3801** create the statement in the first place.
3802**
3803** Requirements: [H13123]
3804*/
3805sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
3806
3807/*
3808** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement {H13140} <S60600>
3809**
3810** This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
3811** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  If pStmt is NULL
3812** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
3813** associated with the database connection pDb.  If no prepared statement
3814** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
3815**
3816** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
3817** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
3818** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
3819**
3820** Requirements: [H13143] [H13146] [H13149] [H13152]
3821*/
3822sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3823
3824/*
3825** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks {H12950} <S60400>
3826**
3827** The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
3828** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
3829** Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
3830** for the same database connection is overridden.
3831** The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
3832** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
3833** Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
3834** for the same database connection is overridden.
3835** The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
3836** If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
3837** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
3838**
3839** If another function was previously registered, its
3840** pArg value is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
3841**
3842** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
3843** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
3844** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
3845** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
3846** or rollback hook in the first place.
3847** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3848** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3849**
3850** Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
3851**
3852** When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
3853** operation is allowed to continue normally.  If the commit hook
3854** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
3855** The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
3856** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
3857**
3858** For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
3859** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
3860** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
3861** The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
3862** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
3863** The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
3864** rolled back because a commit callback returned non-zero.
3865** <todo> Check on this </todo>
3866**
3867** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
3868**
3869** Requirements:
3870** [H12951] [H12952] [H12953] [H12954] [H12955]
3871** [H12961] [H12962] [H12963] [H12964]
3872*/
3873void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
3874void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
3875
3876/*
3877** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks {H12970} <S60400>
3878**
3879** The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
3880** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
3881** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
3882** Any callback set by a previous call to this function
3883** for the same database connection is overridden.
3884**
3885** The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
3886** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
3887** The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
3888** to sqlite3_update_hook().
3889** The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
3890** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
3891** to be invoked.
3892** The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
3893** database and table name containing the affected row.
3894** The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
3895** In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
3896**
3897** The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
3898** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).
3899**
3900** In the current implementation, the update hook
3901** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
3902** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  Nor is the update hook
3903** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
3904** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
3905** release of SQLite.
3906**
3907** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
3908** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
3909** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
3910** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
3911** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3912** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3913**
3914** If another function was previously registered, its pArg value
3915** is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
3916**
3917** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
3918** interfaces.
3919**
3920** Requirements:
3921** [H12971] [H12973] [H12975] [H12977] [H12979] [H12981] [H12983] [H12986]
3922*/
3923void *sqlite3_update_hook(
3924  sqlite3*,
3925  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
3926  void*
3927);
3928
3929/*
3930** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache {H10330} <S30900>
3931** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
3932**
3933** This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
3934** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
3935** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
3936** and disabled if the argument is false.
3937**
3938** Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
3939** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
3940** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
3941**
3942** The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
3943** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
3944** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
3945** that was in effect at the time they were opened.
3946**
3947** Virtual tables cannot be used with a shared cache.  When shared
3948** cache is enabled, the [sqlite3_create_module()] API used to register
3949** virtual tables will always return an error.
3950**
3951** This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
3952** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.
3953**
3954** Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
3955** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
3956** cache setting should set it explicitly.
3957**
3958** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
3959**
3960** Requirements: [H10331] [H10336] [H10337] [H10339]
3961*/
3962int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
3963
3964/*
3965** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory {H17340} <S30220>
3966**
3967** The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
3968** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
3969** held by the database library. {END}  Memory used to cache database
3970** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
3971** sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
3972** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
3973**
3974** Requirements: [H17341] [H17342]
3975*/
3976int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
3977
3978/*
3979** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size {H17350} <S30220>
3980**
3981** The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() interface places a "soft" limit
3982** on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
3983** If an internal allocation is requested that would exceed the
3984** soft heap limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is invoked one or
3985** more times to free up some space before the allocation is performed.
3986**
3987** The limit is called "soft", because if [sqlite3_release_memory()]
3988** cannot free sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded,
3989** the memory is allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
3990**
3991** A negative or zero value for N means that there is no soft heap limit and
3992** [sqlite3_release_memory()] will only be called when memory is exhausted.
3993** The default value for the soft heap limit is zero.
3994**
3995** SQLite makes a best effort to honor the soft heap limit.
3996** But if the soft heap limit cannot be honored, execution will
3997** continue without error or notification.  This is why the limit is
3998** called a "soft" limit.  It is advisory only.
3999**
4000** Prior to SQLite version 3.5.0, this routine only constrained the memory
4001** allocated by a single thread - the same thread in which this routine
4002** runs.  Beginning with SQLite version 3.5.0, the soft heap limit is
4003** applied to all threads. The value specified for the soft heap limit
4004** is an upper bound on the total memory allocation for all threads. In
4005** version 3.5.0 there is no mechanism for limiting the heap usage for
4006** individual threads.
4007**
4008** Requirements:
4009** [H16351] [H16352] [H16353] [H16354] [H16355] [H16358]
4010*/
4011void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);
4012
4013/*
4014** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table {H12850} <S60300>
4015**
4016** This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4017** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4018** passed as the first function argument.
4019**
4020** The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4021** this function. The second parameter is either the name of the database
4022** (i.e. "main", "temp" or an attached database) containing the specified
4023** table or NULL. If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4024** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4025** resolve unqualified table references.
4026**
4027** The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4028** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4029** may be NULL.
4030**
4031** Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4032** and subsequent parameters to this function. Any of these arguments may be
4033** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4034**
4035** <blockquote>
4036** <table border="1">
4037** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4038**
4039** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4040** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4041** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4042** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4043** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4044** </table>
4045** </blockquote>
4046**
4047** The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4048** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4049** call to any SQLite API function.
4050**
4051** If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4052**
4053** If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4054** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4055** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. If there is no
4056** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4057** parameters are set as follows:
4058**
4059** <pre>
4060**     data type: "INTEGER"
4061**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4062**     not null: 0
4063**     primary key: 1
4064**     auto increment: 0
4065** </pre>
4066**
4067** This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4068** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4069** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4070** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).
4071**
4072** This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4073** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4074*/
4075int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4076  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4077  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4078  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4079  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4080  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4081  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4082  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4083  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4084  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4085);
4086
4087/*
4088** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension {H12600} <S20500>
4089**
4090** This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4091**
4092** {H12601} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4093**          SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4094**
4095** {H12602} The entry point is zProc.
4096**
4097** {H12603} zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4098**          defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4099**
4100** {H12604} The sqlite3_load_extension() interface shall return
4101**          [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4102**
4103** {H12605} If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4104**          [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4105**          fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4106**          obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. {END}  The calling function
4107**          should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4108**
4109** {H12606} Extension loading must be enabled using
4110**          [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4111**          otherwise an error will be returned.
4112*/
4113int sqlite3_load_extension(
4114  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4115  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4116  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4117  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4118);
4119
4120/*
4121** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading {H12620} <S20500>
4122**
4123** So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4124** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4125** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4126** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4127**
4128** Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4129**
4130** {H12621} Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4131**          to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4132**          it back off again.
4133**
4134** {H12622} Extension loading is off by default.
4135*/
4136int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4137
4138/*
4139** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load An Extensions {H12640} <S20500>
4140**
4141** This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
4142** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
4143** to all new [database connections]. {END}
4144**
4145** This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array that is
4146** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  If you run a memory leak checker
4147** on your program and it reports a leak because of this array, invoke
4148** [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()] prior to shutdown to free the memory.
4149**
4150** {H12641} This function registers an extension entry point that is
4151**          automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
4152**          is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
4153**          or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
4154**
4155** {H12642} Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
4156**          multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
4157**
4158** {H12643} This routine stores a pointer to the extension in an array
4159**          that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
4160**
4161** {H12644} Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
4162*/
4163int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
4164
4165/*
4166** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading {H12660} <S20500>
4167**
4168** This function disables all previously registered automatic
4169** extensions. {END}  It undoes the effect of all prior
4170** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.
4171**
4172** {H12661} This function disables all previously registered
4173**          automatic extensions.
4174**
4175** {H12662} This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
4176*/
4177void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4178
4179/*
4180****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
4181**
4182** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4183** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4184** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4185**
4186** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4187** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4188*/
4189
4190/*
4191** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4192*/
4193typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4194typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4195typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4196typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4197
4198/*
4199** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object {H18000} <S20400>
4200** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
4201** EXPERIMENTAL
4202**
4203** This structure, sometimes called a a "virtual table module",
4204** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
4205** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
4206**
4207** A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
4208** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
4209** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
4210** The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
4211** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
4212** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
4213** any database connection.
4214*/
4215struct sqlite3_module {
4216  int iVersion;
4217  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4218               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4219               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4220  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4221               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4222               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4223  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
4224  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4225  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4226  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
4227  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4228  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
4229                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
4230  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4231  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4232  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
4233  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
4234  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
4235  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4236  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4237  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4238  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4239  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
4240                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4241                       void **ppArg);
4242  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
4243};
4244
4245/*
4246** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information {H18100} <S20400>
4247** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
4248** EXPERIMENTAL
4249**
4250** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
4251** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
4252** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
4253** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
4254** results into the **Outputs** fields.
4255**
4256** The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
4257**
4258** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
4259**
4260** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.  The particular operator is
4261** stored in aConstraint[].op.  The index of the column is stored in
4262** aConstraint[].iColumn.  aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
4263** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
4264** is usable) and false if it cannot.
4265**
4266** The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
4267** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
4268** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
4269** The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms in the correct
4270** form that refer to the particular virtual table being queried.
4271**
4272** Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
4273** Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
4274**
4275** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
4276** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  If argvIndex>0 then
4277** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
4278** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  If aConstraintUsage[].omit
4279** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
4280** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.
4281**
4282** The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
4283** [xFilter] method.
4284** [sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only iff
4285** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
4286**
4287** The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
4288** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
4289** sorting step is required.
4290**
4291** The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
4292** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
4293** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
4294** cost of approximately log(N).
4295*/
4296struct sqlite3_index_info {
4297  /* Inputs */
4298  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
4299  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
4300     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
4301     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
4302     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
4303     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
4304  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
4305  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
4306  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
4307     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
4308     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
4309  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
4310  /* Outputs */
4311  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
4312    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
4313    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
4314  } *aConstraintUsage;
4315  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
4316  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
4317  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
4318  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
4319  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
4320};
4321#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
4322#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
4323#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
4324#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
4325#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
4326#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
4327
4328/*
4329** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {H18200} <S20400>
4330** EXPERIMENTAL
4331**
4332** This routine is used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
4333** Module names must be registered before
4334** creating a new [virtual table] using the module, or before using a
4335** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
4336**
4337** The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
4338** by the first parameter.  The name of the module is given by the
4339** second parameter.  The third parameter is a pointer to
4340** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   The fourth
4341** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
4342** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
4343** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
4344**
4345** This interface has exactly the same effect as calling
4346** [sqlite3_create_module_v2()] with a NULL client data destructor.
4347*/
4348SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module(
4349  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
4350  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
4351  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
4352  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
4353);
4354
4355/*
4356** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {H18210} <S20400>
4357** EXPERIMENTAL
4358**
4359** This routine is identical to the [sqlite3_create_module()] method,
4360** except that it has an extra parameter to specify
4361** a destructor function for the client data pointer.  SQLite will
4362** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
4363** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.
4364*/
4365SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
4366  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
4367  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
4368  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
4369  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
4370  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
4371);
4372
4373/*
4374** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object {H18010} <S20400>
4375** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
4376** EXPERIMENTAL
4377**
4378** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
4379** of the following structure to describe a particular instance
4380** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
4381** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
4382** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
4383** common to all module implementations.
4384**
4385** Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
4386** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
4387** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
4388** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  After the error message
4389** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
4390** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
4391*/
4392struct sqlite3_vtab {
4393  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
4394  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
4395  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
4396  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
4397};
4398
4399/*
4400** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object  {H18020} <S20400>
4401** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
4402** EXPERIMENTAL
4403**
4404** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
4405** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
4406** [virtual table] and are used
4407** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
4408** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
4409** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cussors are used
4410** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
4411** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
4412** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
4413**
4414** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
4415** are common to all implementations.
4416*/
4417struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
4418  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
4419  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
4420};
4421
4422/*
4423** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table {H18280} <S20400>
4424** EXPERIMENTAL
4425**
4426** The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
4427** [virtual table module] call this interface
4428** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
4429** the virtual tables they implement.
4430*/
4431SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
4432
4433/*
4434** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table {H18300} <S20400>
4435** EXPERIMENTAL
4436**
4437** Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
4438** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
4439** But global versions of those functions
4440** must exist in order to be overloaded.
4441**
4442** This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
4443** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
4444** before this API is called, a new function is created.  The implementation
4445** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
4446** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
4447** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
4448** by a [virtual table].
4449*/
4450SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
4451
4452/*
4453** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
4454** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
4455** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4456** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4457**
4458** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4459** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4460**
4461****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
4462*/
4463
4464/*
4465** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB {H17800} <S30230>
4466** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
4467**
4468** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
4469** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
4470** Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
4471** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
4472** The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
4473** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
4474** The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
4475*/
4476typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
4477
4478/*
4479** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O {H17810} <S30230>
4480**
4481** This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
4482** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
4483** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
4484**
4485** <pre>
4486**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
4487** </pre> {END}
4488**
4489** If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
4490** and write access. If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
4491**
4492** Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
4493** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
4494** is assigned when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
4495** For the main database file, the database name is "main".
4496** For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
4497**
4498** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
4499** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
4500** to be a null pointer.
4501** This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
4502** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
4503** functions.  Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
4504** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
4505** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
4506**
4507** If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
4508** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
4509** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
4510** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
4511** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.
4512** Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
4513** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
4514** Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
4515** rollback by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
4516** commit if the transaction continues to completion.
4517**
4518** Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
4519** the opened blob.  The size of a blob may not be changed by this
4520** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
4521** blob.
4522**
4523** The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
4524** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
4525** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
4526** this interface.
4527**
4528** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
4529** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
4530**
4531** Requirements:
4532** [H17813] [H17814] [H17816] [H17819] [H17821] [H17824]
4533*/
4534int sqlite3_blob_open(
4535  sqlite3*,
4536  const char *zDb,
4537  const char *zTable,
4538  const char *zColumn,
4539  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
4540  int flags,
4541  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
4542);
4543
4544/*
4545** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle {H17830} <S30230>
4546**
4547** Closes an open [BLOB handle].
4548**
4549** Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
4550** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
4551** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
4552** If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
4553** until the close operation if they will fit.
4554**
4555** Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
4556** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
4557** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
4558** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.
4559**
4560** The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
4561** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.
4562**
4563** Calling this routine with a null pointer (which as would be returned
4564** by failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
4565**
4566** Requirements:
4567** [H17833] [H17836] [H17839]
4568*/
4569int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
4570
4571/*
4572** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB {H17840} <S30230>
4573**
4574** Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
4575** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  The
4576** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
4577** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
4578**
4579** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
4580** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
4581** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
4582** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
4583**
4584** Requirements:
4585** [H17843]
4586*/
4587int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
4588
4589/*
4590** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally {H17850} <S30230>
4591**
4592** This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
4593** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
4594** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
4595**
4596** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
4597** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  If N or iOffset is
4598** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
4599** The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
4600** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
4601**
4602** An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
4603** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
4604**
4605** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned.
4606** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
4607**
4608** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
4609** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
4610** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
4611** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
4612**
4613** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
4614**
4615** Requirements:
4616** [H17853] [H17856] [H17859] [H17862] [H17863] [H17865] [H17868]
4617*/
4618int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
4619
4620/*
4621** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally {H17870} <S30230>
4622**
4623** This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
4624** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
4625** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
4626**
4627** If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
4628** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
4629** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
4630**
4631** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
4632** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
4633** If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
4634** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  If N is
4635** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
4636** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
4637** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
4638**
4639** An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
4640** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  Writes to the BLOB that occurred
4641** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
4642** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
4643** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
4644** or by other independent statements.
4645**
4646** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned.
4647** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.
4648**
4649** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
4650** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
4651** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
4652** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
4653**
4654** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
4655**
4656** Requirements:
4657** [H17873] [H17874] [H17875] [H17876] [H17877] [H17879] [H17882] [H17885]
4658** [H17888]
4659*/
4660int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
4661
4662/*
4663** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects {H11200} <S20100>
4664**
4665** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
4666** that SQLite uses to interact
4667** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
4668** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
4669** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
4670** The following interfaces are provided.
4671**
4672** The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
4673** Names are case sensitive.
4674** Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
4675** If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
4676** If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
4677**
4678** New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
4679** Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
4680** The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
4681** To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
4682** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
4683** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
4684** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
4685** then the behavior is undefined.
4686**
4687** Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
4688** If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
4689** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.
4690**
4691** Requirements:
4692** [H11203] [H11206] [H11209] [H11212] [H11215] [H11218]
4693*/
4694sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
4695int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
4696int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
4697
4698/*
4699** CAPI3REF: Mutexes {H17000} <S20000>
4700**
4701** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
4702** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
4703** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
4704** permitted to use any of these routines.
4705**
4706** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
4707** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
4708** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
4709** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
4710**
4711** <ul>
4712** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
4713** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD
4714** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
4715** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
4716** </ul>
4717**
4718** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
4719** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
4720** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
4721** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
4722** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
4723**
4724** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
4725** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
4726** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
4727** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
4728** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
4729** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
4730** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
4731**
4732** {H17011} The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
4733** mutex and returns a pointer to it. {H17012} If it returns NULL
4734** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. {H17013} SQLite
4735** will unwind its stack and return an error. {H17014} The argument
4736** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
4737**
4738** <ul>
4739** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
4740** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
4741** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
4742** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
4743** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
4744** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
4745** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
4746** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
4747** </ul>
4748**
4749** {H17015} The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
4750** a new mutex.  The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
4751** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used. {END}
4752** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
4753** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
4754** not want to.  {H17016} But SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
4755** cases where it really needs one.  {END} If a faster non-recursive mutex
4756** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
4757** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
4758**
4759** {H17017} The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() each return
4760** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex. {END}  Six static mutexes are
4761** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
4762** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
4763** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
4764** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
4765** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
4766**
4767** {H17018} Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
4768** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
4769** returns a different mutex on every call.  {H17034} But for the static
4770** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
4771** the same type number.
4772**
4773** {H17019} The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
4774** allocated dynamic mutex. {H17020} SQLite is careful to deallocate every
4775** dynamic mutex that it allocates. {A17021} The dynamic mutexes must not be in
4776** use when they are deallocated. {A17022} Attempting to deallocate a static
4777** mutex results in undefined behavior. {H17023} SQLite never deallocates
4778** a static mutex. {END}
4779**
4780** The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
4781** to enter a mutex. {H17024} If another thread is already within the mutex,
4782** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
4783** SQLITE_BUSY. {H17025}  The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
4784** upon successful entry.  {H17026} Mutexes created using
4785** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
4786** {H17027} In such cases the,
4787** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
4788** can enter.  {A17028} If the same thread tries to enter any other
4789** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
4790** {H17029} SQLite will never exhibit
4791** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.
4792**
4793** Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
4794** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
4795** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  {H17030} The SQLite core only ever uses
4796** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.
4797**
4798** {H17031} The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
4799** previously entered by the same thread.  {A17032} The behavior
4800** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
4801** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  {H17033} SQLite will
4802** never do either. {END}
4803**
4804** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
4805** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
4806** behave as no-ops.
4807**
4808** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
4809*/
4810sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
4811void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
4812void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
4813int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
4814void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
4815
4816/*
4817** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object {H17120} <S20130>
4818** EXPERIMENTAL
4819**
4820** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
4821** used to allocate and use mutexes.
4822**
4823** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
4824** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
4825** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
4826** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
4827** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
4828** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
4829** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
4830** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
4831** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
4832**
4833** The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
4834** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
4835** {H17001} The xMutexInit routine shall be called by SQLite once for each
4836** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
4837**
4838** The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
4839** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
4840** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
4841** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
4842** those obtained by the xMutexInit method. {H17003} The xMutexEnd()
4843** interface shall be invoked once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
4844**
4845** The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
4846** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
4847** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
4848**
4849** <ul>
4850**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
4851**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
4852**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
4853**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
4854**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
4855**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
4856**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
4857** </ul>
4858**
4859** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
4860** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
4861** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
4862** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
4863** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
4864** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
4865** it is passed a NULL pointer).
4866**
4867** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
4868** invoke xMutexInit() mutiple times within the same process and without
4869** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
4870** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
4871**
4872** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
4873** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
4874** allocation for a static mutex.  However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
4875** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
4876**
4877** SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
4878** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
4879** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
4880** prior to returning.
4881*/
4882typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
4883struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
4884  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
4885  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
4886  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
4887  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
4888  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
4889  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
4890  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
4891  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
4892  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
4893};
4894
4895/*
4896** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines {H17080} <S20130> <S30800>
4897**
4898** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
4899** are intended for use inside assert() statements. {H17081} The SQLite core
4900** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
4901** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  {H17082} The core only
4902** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
4903** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  {A17087} External mutex implementations
4904** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
4905** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
4906**
4907** {H17083} These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
4908** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
4909**
4910** {X17084} The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
4911** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
4912** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
4913** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
4914**
4915** {H17085} If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
4916** the routine should return 1.  {END} This seems counter-intuitive since
4917** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
4918** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
4919** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
4920** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
4921** the appropriate thing to do.  {H17086} The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
4922** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
4923*/
4924int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
4925int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
4926
4927/*
4928** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types {H17001} <H17000>
4929**
4930** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
4931** which is one of these integer constants.
4932**
4933** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
4934** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
4935** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
4936*/
4937#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
4938#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
4939#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
4940#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
4941#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
4942#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
4943#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
4944#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
4945#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* lru page list */
4946
4947/*
4948** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection {H17002} <H17000>
4949**
4950** This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
4951** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
4952** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
4953** If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
4954** routine returns a NULL pointer.
4955*/
4956sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
4957
4958/*
4959** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files {H11300} <S30800>
4960**
4961** {H11301} The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
4962** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
4963** with a particular database identified by the second argument. {H11302} The
4964** name of the database is the name assigned to the database by the
4965** <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> SQL command that opened the
4966** database. {H11303} To control the main database file, use the name "main"
4967** or a NULL pointer. {H11304} The third and fourth parameters to this routine
4968** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
4969** the xFileControl method.  {H11305} The return value of the xFileControl
4970** method becomes the return value of this routine.
4971**
4972** {H11306} If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
4973** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned. {H11307} This error
4974** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
4975** or [sqlite3_errmsg()]. {A11308} The underlying xFileControl method might
4976** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  {A11309} There is no way to distinguish between
4977** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
4978** xFileControl method. {END}
4979**
4980** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
4981*/
4982int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
4983
4984/*
4985** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface {H11400} <S30800>
4986**
4987** The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
4988** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
4989** purposes.  The first parameter is an operation code that determines
4990** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
4991**
4992** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
4993** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
4994** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
4995**
4996** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
4997** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
4998** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
4999** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5000*/
5001int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5002
5003/*
5004** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes {H11410} <H11400>
5005**
5006** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5007** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5008**
5009** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5010** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5011** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5012** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5013*/
5014#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5015#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5016#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5017#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5018#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5019#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5020#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5021#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5022#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5023#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5024
5025/*
5026** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status {H17200} <S60200>
5027** EXPERIMENTAL
5028**
5029** This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5030** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5031** highwater marks.  The first argument is an integer code for
5032** the specific parameter to measure.  Recognized integer codes
5033** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].
5034** The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5035** The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  If the
5036** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5037** *pHighwater is written. Some parameters do not record the highest
5038** value.  For those parameters
5039** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.
5040** Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5041** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.
5042**
5043** This routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero
5044** [error code] on failure.
5045**
5046** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5047** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5048** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5049** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5050** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5051** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5052**
5053** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5054*/
5055SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5056
5057
5058/*
5059** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters {H17250} <H17200>
5060** EXPERIMENTAL
5061**
5062** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5063** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5064**
5065** <dl>
5066** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5067** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5068** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5069** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5070** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5071** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5072** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5073** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5074** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>
5075**
5076** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5077** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5078** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5079** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5080** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5081** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>
5082**
5083** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5084** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5085** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5086** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5087** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>
5088**
5089** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5090** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5091** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5092** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5093** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5094** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5095** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5096** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>
5097**
5098** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5099** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5100** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5101** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5102** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>
5103**
5104** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5105** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5106** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5107** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5108** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5109** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5110** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>
5111**
5112** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5113** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5114** allocation which could not be statisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5115** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5116** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5117** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5118** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5119** slots were available.
5120** </dd>
5121**
5122** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
5123** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5124** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5125** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5126** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>
5127**
5128** <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
5129** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
5130** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>
5131** </dl>
5132**
5133** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
5134*/
5135#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
5136#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
5137#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
5138#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
5139#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
5140#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
5141#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
5142#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
5143#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
5144
5145/*
5146** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status {H17500} <S60200>
5147** EXPERIMENTAL
5148**
5149** This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5150** about a single [database connection].  The first argument is the
5151** database connection object to be interrogated.  The second argument
5152** is the parameter to interrogate.  Currently, the only allowed value
5153** for the second parameter is [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED].
5154** Additional options will likely appear in future releases of SQLite.
5155**
5156** The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
5157** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  If
5158** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
5159** reset back down to the current value.
5160**
5161** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
5162*/
5163SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
5164
5165/*
5166** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections {H17520} <H17500>
5167** EXPERIMENTAL
5168**
5169** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
5170** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
5171**
5172** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
5173** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
5174** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
5175** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
5176** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
5177**
5178** <dl>
5179** <dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
5180** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
5181** checked out.</dd>
5182** </dl>
5183*/
5184#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
5185
5186
5187/*
5188** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status {H17550} <S60200>
5189** EXPERIMENTAL
5190**
5191** Each prepared statement maintains various
5192** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counters] that measure the number
5193** of times it has performed specific operations.  These counters can
5194** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
5195** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
5196** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
5197** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
5198** an index.
5199**
5200** This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
5201** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
5202** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
5203** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counter]
5204** to be interrogated.
5205** The current value of the requested counter is returned.
5206** If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
5207** interface call returns.
5208**
5209** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
5210*/
5211SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
5212
5213/*
5214** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements {H17570} <H17550>
5215** EXPERIMENTAL
5216**
5217** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
5218** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
5219** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
5220**
5221** <dl>
5222** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
5223** <dd>This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
5224** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
5225** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
5226** careful use of indices.</dd>
5227**
5228** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
5229** <dd>This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
5230** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
5231** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
5232**
5233** </dl>
5234*/
5235#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
5236#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
5237
5238/*
5239** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
5240** EXPERIMENTAL
5241**
5242** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
5243** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
5244** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
5245** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
5246** to the object.
5247**
5248** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods] for additional information.
5249*/
5250typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
5251
5252/*
5253** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
5254** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
5255** EXPERIMENTAL
5256**
5257** The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE], ...) interface can
5258** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
5259** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure. The majority of the
5260** heap memory used by SQLite is used by the page cache to cache data read
5261** from, or ready to be written to, the database file. By implementing a
5262** custom page cache using this API, an application can control more
5263** precisely the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
5264** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
5265** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
5266** how long.
5267**
5268** The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure are copied to an
5269** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
5270** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
5271** [sqlite3_config()] returns.
5272**
5273** The xInit() method is called once for each call to [sqlite3_initialize()]
5274** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). It is passed
5275** a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods.pArg value. It can be used to set
5276** up global structures and mutexes required by the custom page cache
5277** implementation.
5278**
5279** The xShutdown() method is called from within [sqlite3_shutdown()],
5280** if the application invokes this API. It can be used to clean up
5281** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
5282**
5283** SQLite holds a [SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE] mutex when it invokes
5284** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
5285** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
5286** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
5287** in multithreaded applications.
5288**
5289** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
5290** call to xShutdown().
5291**
5292** The xCreate() method is used to construct a new cache instance.  SQLite
5293** will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
5294** though this is not guaranteed. The
5295** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
5296** be allocated by the cache.  szPage will not be a power of two.  szPage
5297** will the page size of the database file that is to be cached plus an
5298** increment (here called "R") of about 100 or 200.  SQLite will use the
5299** extra R bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
5300** database page on disk.  The value of R depends
5301** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
5302** R is constant for a particular build of SQLite.  The second argument to
5303** xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being created will
5304** be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
5305** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
5306** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
5307** it is purely advisory.  On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
5308** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
5309** In other words, a cache created with bPurgeable set to false will
5310** never contain any unpinned pages.
5311**
5312** The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
5313** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
5314** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
5315** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command. As with the bPurgeable parameter,
5316** the implementation is not required to do anything with this
5317** value; it is advisory only.
5318**
5319** The xPagecount() method should return the number of pages currently
5320** stored in the cache.
5321**
5322** The xFetch() method is used to fetch a page and return a pointer to it.
5323** A 'page', in this context, is a buffer of szPage bytes aligned at an
5324** 8-byte boundary. The page to be fetched is determined by the key. The
5325** mimimum key value is 1. After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page
5326** is considered to be "pinned".
5327**
5328** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
5329** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
5330** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
5331** behavior of the cache implementation is determined by the value of the
5332** createFlag parameter passed to xFetch, according to the following table:
5333**
5334** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
5335** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
5336** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
5337** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
5338**                 Otherwise return NULL.
5339** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
5340**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
5341** </table>
5342**
5343** SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  If
5344** a call to xFetch() with createFlag==1 returns NULL, then SQLite will
5345** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
5346** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache. After
5347** attempting to unpin pages, the xFetch() method will be invoked again with
5348** a createFlag of 2.
5349**
5350** xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
5351** as its second argument. If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
5352** then the page should be evicted from the cache. In this case SQLite
5353** assumes that the next time the page is retrieved from the cache using
5354** the xFetch() method, it will be zeroed. If the discard parameter is
5355** zero, then the page is considered to be unpinned. The cache implementation
5356** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
5357**
5358** The cache is not required to perform any reference counting. A single
5359** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
5360** to xFetch().
5361**
5362** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
5363** page passed as the second argument from oldKey to newKey. If the cache
5364** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it should be
5365** discarded. Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
5366** to be pinned.
5367**
5368** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
5369** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
5370** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
5371** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
5372** they can be safely discarded.
5373**
5374** The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
5375** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. After
5376** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
5377** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods
5378** functions.
5379*/
5380typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
5381struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
5382  void *pArg;
5383  int (*xInit)(void*);
5384  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
5385  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
5386  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
5387  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
5388  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
5389  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
5390  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
5391  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
5392  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
5393};
5394
5395/*
5396** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
5397** EXPERIMENTAL
5398**
5399** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
5400** online backup operation.  The sqlite3_backup object is created by
5401** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
5402** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
5403**
5404** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
5405*/
5406typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
5407
5408/*
5409** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
5410** EXPERIMENTAL
5411**
5412** This API is used to overwrite the contents of one database with that
5413** of another. It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
5414** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
5415**
5416** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
5417**
5418** Exclusive access is required to the destination database for the
5419** duration of the operation. However the source database is only
5420** read-locked while it is actually being read, it is not locked
5421** continuously for the entire operation. Thus, the backup may be
5422** performed on a live database without preventing other users from
5423** writing to the database for an extended period of time.
5424**
5425** To perform a backup operation:
5426**   <ol>
5427**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
5428**         backup,
5429**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
5430**         the data between the two databases, and finally
5431**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
5432**         associated with the backup operation.
5433**   </ol>
5434** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
5435** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
5436**
5437** <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
5438**
5439** The first two arguments passed to [sqlite3_backup_init()] are the database
5440** handle associated with the destination database and the database name
5441** used to attach the destination database to the handle. The database name
5442** is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the temporary database, or
5443** the name specified as part of the [ATTACH] statement if the destination is
5444** an attached database. The third and fourth arguments passed to
5445** sqlite3_backup_init() identify the [database connection]
5446** and database name used
5447** to access the source database. The values passed for the source and
5448** destination [database connection] parameters must not be the same.
5449**
5450** If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(), then NULL is returned
5451** and an error code and error message written into the [database connection]
5452** passed as the first argument. They may be retrieved using the
5453** [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
5454** Otherwise, if successful, a pointer to an [sqlite3_backup] object is
5455** returned. This pointer may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
5456** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
5457** operation.
5458**
5459** <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
5460**
5461** Function [sqlite3_backup_step()] is used to copy up to nPage pages between
5462** the source and destination databases, where nPage is the value of the
5463** second parameter passed to sqlite3_backup_step(). If nPage is a negative
5464** value, all remaining source pages are copied. If the required pages are
5465** succesfully copied, but there are still more pages to copy before the
5466** backup is complete, it returns [SQLITE_OK]. If no error occured and there
5467** are no more pages to copy, then [SQLITE_DONE] is returned. If an error
5468** occurs, then an SQLite error code is returned. As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
5469** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
5470** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
5471** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
5472**
5473** As well as the case where the destination database file was opened for
5474** read-only access, sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
5475** the destination is an in-memory database with a different page size
5476** from the source database.
5477**
5478** If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
5479** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
5480** is invoked (if one is specified). If the
5481** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
5482** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. In this case the call to
5483** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. If the source
5484** [database connection]
5485** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
5486** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. Again, in this
5487** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. If
5488** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
5489** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
5490** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
5491** errors are considered fatal. At this point the application must accept
5492** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
5493** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
5494**
5495** Following the first call to sqlite3_backup_step(), an exclusive lock is
5496** obtained on the destination file. It is not released until either
5497** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
5498** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE]. Additionally, each time
5499** a call to sqlite3_backup_step() is made a [shared lock] is obtained on
5500** the source database file. This lock is released before the
5501** sqlite3_backup_step() call returns. Because the source database is not
5502** locked between calls to sqlite3_backup_step(), it may be modified mid-way
5503** through the backup procedure. If the source database is modified by an
5504** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
5505** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be transparently
5506** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source
5507** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
5508** by the backup operation, then the backup database is transparently
5509** updated at the same time.
5510**
5511** <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
5512**
5513** Once sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
5514** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the [sqlite3_backup]
5515** object should be passed to sqlite3_backup_finish(). This releases all
5516** resources associated with the backup operation. If sqlite3_backup_step()
5517** has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any active write-transaction on the
5518** destination database is rolled back. The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
5519** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
5520**
5521** The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no error
5522** occurred, regardless or whether or not sqlite3_backup_step() was called
5523** a sufficient number of times to complete the backup operation. Or, if
5524** an out-of-memory condition or IO error occured during a call to
5525** sqlite3_backup_step() then [SQLITE_NOMEM] or an
5526** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] error code
5527** is returned. In this case the error code and an error message are
5528** written to the destination [database connection].
5529**
5530** A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step() is
5531** not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
5532** sqlite3_backup_finish().
5533**
5534** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining(), sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
5535**
5536** Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values stored internally
5537** by an [sqlite3_backup] object. The number of pages still to be backed
5538** up, which may be queried by sqlite3_backup_remaining(), and the total
5539** number of pages in the source database file, which may be queried by
5540** sqlite3_backup_pagecount().
5541**
5542** The values returned by these functions are only updated by
5543** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified during a backup
5544** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
5545** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
5546** changing.
5547**
5548** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
5549**
5550** The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
5551** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
5552** If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
5553** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
5554** from within other threads.
5555**
5556** However, the application must guarantee that the destination database
5557** connection handle is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
5558** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
5559** sqlite3_backup_finish(). Unfortunately SQLite does not currently check
5560** for this, if the application does use the destination [database connection]
5561** for some other purpose during a backup operation, things may appear to
5562** work correctly but in fact be subtly malfunctioning.  Use of the
5563** destination database connection while a backup is in progress might
5564** also cause a mutex deadlock.
5565**
5566** Furthermore, if running in [shared cache mode], the application must
5567** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
5568** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
5569** that the application must guarantee that the file-system file being
5570** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
5571** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
5572**
5573** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
5574** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
5575** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
5576** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
5577** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
5578** possible that they return invalid values.
5579*/
5580sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
5581  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
5582  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
5583  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
5584  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
5585);
5586int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
5587int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
5588int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
5589int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
5590
5591/*
5592** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
5593** EXPERIMENTAL
5594**
5595** When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
5596** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
5597** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
5598** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
5599** This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
5600** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
5601** This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5602** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5603**
5604** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
5605**
5606** Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
5607** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
5608**
5609** When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
5610** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
5611** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
5612** has locked the required resource is stored internally. After an
5613** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
5614** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
5615** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
5616** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. The
5617** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
5618** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
5619**
5620** If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
5621** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
5622** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
5623** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
5624** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().
5625**
5626** If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
5627** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
5628** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
5629** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
5630**
5631** There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
5632** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
5633** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
5634** then the new callback replaces the old. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
5635** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
5636** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. The blocked connections
5637** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
5638** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
5639**
5640** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
5641** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
5642** crash or deadlock may be the result.
5643**
5644** Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
5645** returns SQLITE_OK.
5646**
5647** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
5648**
5649** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
5650** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
5651** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
5652** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
5653** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
5654** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
5655**
5656** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
5657** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
5658** callback. If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
5659** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
5660** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
5661** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
5662** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
5663** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
5664**
5665** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
5666**
5667** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
5668** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
5669** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
5670** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
5671** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
5672** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
5673** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
5674**
5675** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
5676** detection. If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
5677** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
5678** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
5679** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
5680** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
5681** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
5682** A's transaction is concluded. Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
5683** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
5684** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
5685** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. Any
5686** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
5687**
5688** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
5689**
5690** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
5691** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
5692** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
5693** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
5694** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
5695** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
5696** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
5697** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
5698** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
5699**
5700** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
5701** by an sqlite3_step() call. If there is a blocking connection, then the
5702** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
5703** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
5704** SQLITE_LOCKED.
5705*/
5706int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
5707  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
5708  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
5709  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
5710);
5711
5712
5713/*
5714** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
5715** EXPERIMENTAL
5716**
5717** The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
5718** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
5719** case-indendent fashion, using the same definition of case independence
5720** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
5721*/
5722int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
5723
5724/*
5725** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
5726** builds on processors without floating point support.
5727*/
5728#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
5729# undef double
5730#endif
5731
5732#ifdef __cplusplus
5733}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
5734#endif
5735#endif
5736