xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 50f79f56)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
218** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
219** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
220** sqlite3 object.
221*/
222typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
223
224/*
225** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
226** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
227**
228** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
229** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
230**
231** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
232** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
233** compatibility only.
234**
235** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
236** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
237** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
238** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
239*/
240#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
241  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
242  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
243#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
244  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
245  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
246#else
247  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
248  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
249#endif
250typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
251typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
252
253/*
254** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
255** substitute integer for floating-point.
256*/
257#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
258# define double sqlite3_int64
259#endif
260
261/*
262** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
263**
264** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
265** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
266** successfully destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
267**
268** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
269** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
270** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
271** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
272** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
273** SQLITE_BUSY.
274**
275** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
276** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
277**
278** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
279** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
280** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
281** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
282** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a
283** harmless no-op.
284*/
285int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
286
287/*
288** The type for a callback function.
289** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
290** compatibility and is not documented.
291*/
292typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
293
294/*
295** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
296**
297** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
298** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
299** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
300** without having to use a lot of C code.
301**
302** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
303** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
304** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
305** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
306** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
307** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
308** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
309** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
310** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
311** ignored.
312**
313** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
314** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
315** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
316** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
317** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
318** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
319** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
320** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
321** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
322** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
323** NULL before returning.
324**
325** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
326** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
327** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
328**
329** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
330** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
331** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
332** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
333** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
334** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
335** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
336** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
337** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
338**
339** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
340** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
341** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
342** is not changed.
343**
344** Restrictions:
345**
346** <ul>
347** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
348**      is a valid and open [database connection].
349** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
350**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
351** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
352**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
353** </ul>
354*/
355int sqlite3_exec(
356  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
357  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
358  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
359  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
360  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
361);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
365** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
366** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
367**
368** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
369** here in order to indicate success or failure.
370**
371** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
372**
373** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
374** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
375*/
376#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
377/* beginning-of-error-codes */
378#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
379#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
380#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
381#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
382#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
383#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
384#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
385#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
386#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
387#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
388#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
389#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
390#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
391#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
392#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
393#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
394#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
395#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
396#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
397#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
398#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
399#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
400#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
401#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
402#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
403#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
404#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
405#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
406/* end-of-error-codes */
407
408/*
409** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
410** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
411** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
412**
413** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
414** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
415** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
416** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
417** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
418** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
419** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
420** on a per database connection basis using the
421** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
422**
423** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
424** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
425** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
426** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
427**
428** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
429** be exactly zero.
430*/
431#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
432#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
433#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
434#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
435#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
436#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
437#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
438#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
439#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
440#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
441#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
442#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
453#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
454#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
455#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
456#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
457#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
458#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
459#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
460
461/*
462** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
463**
464** These bit values are intended for use in the
465** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
466** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
467*/
468#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
469#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
470#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
471#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
472#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
473#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
474#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
475#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
476#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
477#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
478#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
479#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
480#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
481#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
482#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
483#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
484#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
485#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
486#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
487
488/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
489
490/*
491** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
492**
493** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
494** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
495** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
496** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
497** refers to.
498**
499** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
500** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
501** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
502** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
503** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
504** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
505** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
506** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
507** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
508** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
509** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
510** file that were written at the application level might have changed
511** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
512** guaranteed to be unchanged.
513*/
514#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
515#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
516#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
517#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
518#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
519#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
520#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
521#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
522#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
523#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
524#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
525#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
526#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
527
528/*
529** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
530**
531** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
532** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
533** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
534*/
535#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
536#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
537#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
538#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
539#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
540
541/*
542** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
543**
544** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
545** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
546** these integer values as the second argument.
547**
548** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
549** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
550** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
551** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
552** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
553** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
554**
555** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
556** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
557** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
558** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
559** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
560** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
561** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
562** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
563** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
564** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
565** cares about the difference.)
566*/
567#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
568#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
569#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
570
571/*
572** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
573**
574** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
575** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
576** implementations will
577** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
578** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
579** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
580** I/O operations on the open file.
581*/
582typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
583struct sqlite3_file {
584  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
585};
586
587/*
588** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
589**
590** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
591** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
592** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
593** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
594** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
595**
596** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
597** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
598** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
599** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
600** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
601** to NULL.
602**
603** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
604** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
605** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
606** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
607** and not its inode needs to be synced.
608**
609** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
610** <ul>
611** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
612** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
613** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
614** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
615** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
616** </ul>
617** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
618** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
619** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
620** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
621** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
622**
623** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
624** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
625** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
626** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
627** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
628** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
629** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
630** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
631** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
632** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
633** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
634** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
635** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
636** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
637** recognize.
638**
639** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
640** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
641** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
642** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
643** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
644** underlying device:
645**
646** <ul>
647** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
648** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
649** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
650** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
651** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
652** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
653** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
654** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
655** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
656** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
657** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
658** </ul>
659**
660** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
661** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
662** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
663** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
664** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
665** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
666** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
667** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
668** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
669** to xWrite().
670**
671** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
672** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
673** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
674** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
675** database corruption.
676*/
677typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
678struct sqlite3_io_methods {
679  int iVersion;
680  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
681  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
682  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
683  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
684  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
685  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
686  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
687  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
688  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
689  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
690  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
691  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
692  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
693  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
694  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
695  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
696  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
697  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
698  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
699};
700
701/*
702** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
703**
704** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
705** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
706** interface.
707**
708** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
709** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
710** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
711** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
712** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
713** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
714** is defined.
715** <ul>
716** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
717** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
718** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
719** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
720** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
721** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
722** file run faster.
723**
724** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
725** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
726** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
727** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
728** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
729** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
730** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
731** improve performance on some systems.
732**
733** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
734** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
735** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
736** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
737** additional information.
738**
739** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
740** ^(The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED] opcode is generated internally by
741** SQLite and sent to all VFSes in place of a call to the xSync method
742** when the database connection has [PRAGMA synchronous] set to OFF.)^
743** Some specialized VFSes need this signal in order to operate correctly
744** when [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] is set, but most
745** VFSes do not need this signal and should silently ignore this opcode.
746** Applications should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this
747** opcode as doing so may disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes
748** that do require it.
749**
750** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
751** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
752** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
753** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
754** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
755** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
756** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
757** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
758** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
759** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
760** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
761** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
762** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
763** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
764** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
765** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
766**
767** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
768** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
769** persistent [WAL | Write AHead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
770** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
771** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
772** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
773** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
774** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
775** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
776** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
777** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
778** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
779** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
780** WAL persistence setting.
781**
782** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
783** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
784** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
785** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
786** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
787** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
788** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
789** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
790** zero-damage mode setting.
791**
792** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
793** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
794** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
795** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
796** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
797**
798** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
799** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
800** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
801** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
802** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
803** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
804** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
805** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
806** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
807** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
808** is intended for diagnostic use only.
809**
810** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
811** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
812** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
813** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
814** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
815** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
816** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
817** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
818** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
819** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
820** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
821** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
822** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
823** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
824** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
825** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
826** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
827** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
828** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
829** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
830** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
831** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
832** </ul>
833*/
834#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
835#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
836#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
837#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
838#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
839#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
840#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
841#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
842#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
843#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
844#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
845#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
846#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
847#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
848
849/*
850** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
851**
852** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
853** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
854** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
855** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
856**
857** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
858*/
859typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
860
861/*
862** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
863**
864** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
865** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
866** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
867** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
868**
869** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
870** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
871** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
872** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
873** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
874** modified.
875**
876** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
877** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
878** a pathname in this VFS.
879**
880** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
881** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
882** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
883** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
884** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
885** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
886**
887** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
888** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
889** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
890** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
891** object once the object has been registered.
892**
893** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
894** be unique across all VFS modules.
895**
896** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
897** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
898** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
899** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
900** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
901** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
902** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
903** ^SQLite further guarantees that
904** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
905** called. Because of the previous sentence,
906** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
907** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
908** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
909** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
910** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
911** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
912**
913** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
914** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
915** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
916** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
917** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
918** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
919**
920** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
921** call, depending on the object being opened:
922**
923** <ul>
924** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
925** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
926** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
927** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
928** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
929** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
930** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
931** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
932** </ul>)^
933**
934** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
935** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
936** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
937** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
938** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
939** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
940** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
941** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
942**
943** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
944**
945** <ul>
946** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
947** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
948** </ul>
949**
950** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
951** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
952** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
953** databases, and subjournals.
954**
955** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
956** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
957** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
958** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
959** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
960** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
961** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
962** for exclusive access.
963**
964** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
965** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
966** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
967** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
968** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
969** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
970** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
971** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
972** or failure of the xOpen call.
973**
974** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
975** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
976** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
977** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
978** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
979** directory.
980**
981** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
982** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
983** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
984** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
985** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
986** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
987**
988** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
989** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
990** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
991** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
992** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
993** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
994** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
995** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
996** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
997** a floating point value.
998** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
999** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1000** a 24-hour day).
1001** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1002** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1003** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1004** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1005**
1006** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1007** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1008** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1009** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1010** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1011** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1012** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1013** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1014** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1015** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1016** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1017*/
1018typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1019typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1020struct sqlite3_vfs {
1021  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1022  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1023  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1024  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1025  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1026  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1027  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1028               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1029  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1030  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1031  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1032  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1033  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1034  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1035  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1036  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1037  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1038  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1039  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1040  /*
1041  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1042  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1043  */
1044  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1045  /*
1046  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1047  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1048  */
1049  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1050  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1051  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1052  /*
1053  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1054  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1055  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1056  */
1057};
1058
1059/*
1060** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1061**
1062** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1063** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1064** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1065** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1066** simply checks whether the file exists.
1067** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1068** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1069** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1070** the directory).
1071** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1072** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1073** release of SQLite.
1074** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1075** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1076** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1077** SQLite.
1078*/
1079#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1080#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1081#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1082
1083/*
1084** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1085**
1086** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1087** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1088** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1089** xShmLock method:
1090**
1091** <ul>
1092** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1093** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1094** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1095** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1096** </ul>
1097**
1098** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1099** was given no the corresponding lock.
1100**
1101** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1102** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1103** and EXCLUSIVE.
1104*/
1105#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1106#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1107#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1108#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1109
1110/*
1111** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1112**
1113** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1114** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1115** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1116** lock outside of this range
1117*/
1118#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1119
1120
1121/*
1122** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1123**
1124** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1125** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1126** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1127** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1128** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1129** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1130**
1131** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1132** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1133** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1134** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1135** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1136** are harmless no-ops.)^
1137**
1138** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1139** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1140** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1141** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1142**
1143** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1144** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1145** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1146** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1147** sqlite3_shutdown().
1148**
1149** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1150** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1151** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1152**
1153** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1154** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1155** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1156** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1157**
1158** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1159** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1160** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1161** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1162** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1163** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1164** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1165** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1166** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1167** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1168** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1169** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1170** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1171** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1172**
1173** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1174** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1175** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1176** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1177** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1178** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1179** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1180**
1181** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1182** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1183** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1184** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1185** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1186** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1187** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1188** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1189** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1190** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1191** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1192** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1193** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1194** failure.
1195*/
1196int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1197int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1198int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1199int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1200
1201/*
1202** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1203**
1204** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1205** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1206** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1207** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1208** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1209**
1210** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1211** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1212** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1213** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1214** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1215** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1216** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1217** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1218** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1219**
1220** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1221** [configuration option] that determines
1222** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1223** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1224** in the first argument.
1225**
1226** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1227** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1228** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1229*/
1230int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1231
1232/*
1233** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1234**
1235** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1236** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1237** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1238** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1239**
1240** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1241** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1242** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1243** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1244**
1245** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1246** the call is considered successful.
1247*/
1248int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1249
1250/*
1251** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1252**
1253** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1254** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1255**
1256** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1257** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1258** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1259** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1260** By creating an instance of this object
1261** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1262** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1263** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1264** dynamic memory needs.
1265**
1266** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1267** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1268** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1269** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1270** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1271** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1272** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1273** conditions.
1274**
1275** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1276** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1277** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1278** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1279**
1280** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1281** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1282** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1283**
1284** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1285** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1286** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1287** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1288** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1289** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1290** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1291**
1292** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1293** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1294** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1295** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1296** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1297** xInit and xShutdown.
1298**
1299** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1300** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1301** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1302** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1303** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1304** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1305** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1306** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1307** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1308** serialization.
1309**
1310** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1311** call to xShutdown().
1312*/
1313typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1314struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1315  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1316  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1317  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1318  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1319  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1320  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1321  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1322  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1323};
1324
1325/*
1326** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1327** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1328**
1329** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1330** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1331**
1332** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1333** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1334** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1335** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1336** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1337** is invoked.
1338**
1339** <dl>
1340** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1341** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1342** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1343** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1344** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1345** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1346** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1347** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1348** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1349** configuration option.</dd>
1350**
1351** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1352** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1353** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1354** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1355** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1356** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1357** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1358** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1359** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1360** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1361** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1362** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1363** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1364**
1365** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1366** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1367** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1368** all mutexes including the recursive
1369** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1370** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1371** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1372** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1373** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1374** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1375** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1376** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1377** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1378** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1379** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1380**
1381** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1382** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1383** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1384** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1385** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1386** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1387** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1388**
1389** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1390** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1391** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1392** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1393** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1394** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1395** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1396**
1397** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1398** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1399** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1400** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1401** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1402**   <ul>
1403**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1404**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1405**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1406**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1407**   </ul>)^
1408** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1409** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1410** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1411** </dd>
1412**
1413** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1414** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1415** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1416** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1417** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1418** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1419** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1420** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1421** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1422** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1423** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1424** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1425** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1426** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1427** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1428**
1429** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1430** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1431** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1432** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1433** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1434** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1435** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1436** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1437** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1438** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1439** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1440** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1441** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1442** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1443** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1444** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1445** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1446** The pointer in the first argument must
1447** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1448** will be undefined.</dd>
1449**
1450** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1451** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1452** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1453** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1454** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1455** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1456** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1457** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1458** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1459** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1460** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1461** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1462** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1463** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1464** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1465** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1466**
1467** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1468** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1469** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1470** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1471** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1472** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1473** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1474** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1475** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1476** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1477** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1478**
1479** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1480** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1481** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1482** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1483** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1484** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1485** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1486** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1487** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1488** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1489** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1490** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1491**
1492** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1493** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1494** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1495** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1496** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1497** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1498** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1499** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1500** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1501**
1502** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1503** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1504** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1505** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1506** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1507**
1508** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1509** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1510** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1511** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1512**
1513** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1514** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1515** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1516** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1517** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1518** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1519** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1520** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1521** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1522** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1523** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1524** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1525** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1526** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1527** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1528** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1529** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1530**
1531** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1532** <dd> This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1533** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1534** is globally disabled. If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1535** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1536** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1537** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1538** connection is opened. If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1539** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1540** database connection is opened. By default, URI handling is globally
1541** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1542** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.
1543**
1544** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1545** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1546** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1547** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1548** </dl>
1549*/
1550#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1551#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1552#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1553#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1554#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1555#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1556#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1557#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1558#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1559#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1560#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1561/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1562#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1563#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1564#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1565#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1566#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1567#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1568#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1569
1570/*
1571** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1572**
1573** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1574** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1575**
1576** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1577** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1578** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1579** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1580** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1581** is invoked.
1582**
1583** <dl>
1584** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1585** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1586** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1587** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1588** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1589** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1590** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1591** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1592** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1593** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1594** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1595** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1596** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1597** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1598** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1599** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1600** when the "current value" returned by
1601** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1602** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1603** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1604** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1605**
1606** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1607** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1608** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1609** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1610** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1611** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1612** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1613** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1614** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1615**
1616** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1617** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1618** There should be two additional arguments.
1619** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1620** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1621** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1622** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1623** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1624** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1625**
1626** </dl>
1627*/
1628#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1629#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1630#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1631
1632
1633/*
1634** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1635**
1636** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1637** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1638** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1639*/
1640int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1641
1642/*
1643** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1644**
1645** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1646** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1647** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1648** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1649** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1650** is another alias for the rowid.
1651**
1652** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1653** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1654** in the first argument.  ^As of SQLite version 3.7.7, this routines
1655** records the last insert rowid of both ordinary tables and [virtual tables].
1656** ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1657** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1658**
1659** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1660** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1661** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1662** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1663** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1664** table method began.)^
1665**
1666** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1667** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1668** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1669** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1670** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1671** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1672** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1673** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1674** the return value of this interface.)^
1675**
1676** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1677** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1678**
1679** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1680** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1681**
1682** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1683** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1684** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1685** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1686** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1687** last insert [rowid].
1688*/
1689sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1690
1691/*
1692** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1693**
1694** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1695** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1696** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1697** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1698** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1699** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1700** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1701** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1702**
1703** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1704** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1705**
1706** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1707** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1708** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1709** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1710** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1711**
1712** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1713** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1714** Most SQL statements are
1715** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1716** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1717** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1718** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1719**
1720** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1721** not create a new trigger context.
1722**
1723** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1724** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1725** trigger context.
1726**
1727** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1728** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1729** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1730** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1731** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1732** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1733** However, the number returned does not include changes
1734** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1735**
1736** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1737** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1738**
1739** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1740** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1741** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1742*/
1743int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1744
1745/*
1746** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1747**
1748** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1749** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1750** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1751** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1752** [foreign key actions]. However,
1753** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1754** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1755** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1756** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1757** are counted.)^
1758** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1759** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1760** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1761**
1762** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1763** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1764**
1765** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1766** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1767** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1768*/
1769int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1770
1771/*
1772** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1773**
1774** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1775** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1776** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1777** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1778** immediately.
1779**
1780** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1781** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1782** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1783** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1784**
1785** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1786** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1787** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1788**
1789** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1790** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1791** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1792** will be rolled back automatically.
1793**
1794** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1795** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1796** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1797** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1798** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1799** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1800** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1801** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1802** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1803** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1804**
1805** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1806** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1807*/
1808void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1809
1810/*
1811** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1812**
1813** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1814** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1815** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1816** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1817** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1818** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1819** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1820** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1821** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1822** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1823** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1824**
1825** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1826** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1827**
1828** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1829** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1830**
1831** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1832** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1833** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1834** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1835** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1836**
1837** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1838** UTF-8 string.
1839**
1840** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1841** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1842*/
1843int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1844int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1845
1846/*
1847** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1848**
1849** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1850** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1851** or process has locked.
1852**
1853** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1854** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1855** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1856**
1857** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1858** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1859** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1860** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1861** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1862** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1863** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1864** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1865**
1866** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1867** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1868** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1869** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1870** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1871** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1872** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1873** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1874** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1875** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1876** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1877** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1878** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1879** the second process to proceed.
1880**
1881** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1882**
1883** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1884** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1885** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1886** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1887** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1888** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1889** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1890** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1891** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1892** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1893** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1894** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1895** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1896** this is important.
1897**
1898** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1899** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1900** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1901** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1902**
1903** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1904** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1905** result in undefined behavior.
1906**
1907** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1908** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1909*/
1910int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1911
1912/*
1913** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1914**
1915** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1916** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1917** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1918** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1919** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1920** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1921**
1922** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1923** turns off all busy handlers.
1924**
1925** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1926** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1927** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1928** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1929*/
1930int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1931
1932/*
1933** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1934**
1935** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
1936** Use of this interface is not recommended.
1937**
1938** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1939** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1940** complete query results from one or more queries.
1941**
1942** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1943** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1944** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1945** and M be the number of columns.
1946**
1947** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1948** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1949** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1950** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1951** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1952** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
1953**
1954** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
1955** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1956** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1957**
1958** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1959** is as follows:
1960**
1961** <blockquote><pre>
1962**        Name        | Age
1963**        -----------------------
1964**        Alice       | 43
1965**        Bob         | 28
1966**        Cindy       | 21
1967** </pre></blockquote>
1968**
1969** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1970** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1971** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1972**
1973** <blockquote><pre>
1974**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1975**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1976**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1977**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1978**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
1979**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
1980**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
1981**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
1982** </pre></blockquote>)^
1983**
1984** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
1985** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
1986** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
1987** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
1988**
1989** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
1990** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
1991** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
1992** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
1993** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
1994** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
1995**
1996** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
1997** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
1998** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
1999** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2000** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2001** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2002** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2003*/
2004int sqlite3_get_table(
2005  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2006  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2007  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2008  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2009  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2010  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2011);
2012void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2013
2014/*
2015** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2016**
2017** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2018** from the standard C library.
2019**
2020** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2021** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2022** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2023** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2024** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2025** memory to hold the resulting string.
2026**
2027** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2028** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2029** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2030** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2031** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2032** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2033** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2034** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2035** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2036** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2037** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2038** now without breaking compatibility.
2039**
2040** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2041** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2042** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2043** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2044** written will be n-1 characters.
2045**
2046** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2047**
2048** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2049** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2050** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2051** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2052**
2053** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2054** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2055** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2056** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2057** the string.
2058**
2059** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2060**
2061** <blockquote><pre>
2062**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2063** </pre></blockquote>
2064**
2065** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2066**
2067** <blockquote><pre>
2068**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2069**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2070**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2071** </pre></blockquote>
2072**
2073** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2074** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2075**
2076** <blockquote><pre>
2077**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2078** </pre></blockquote>
2079**
2080** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2081** would have looked like this:
2082**
2083** <blockquote><pre>
2084**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2085** </pre></blockquote>
2086**
2087** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2088** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2089**
2090** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2091** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2092** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2093** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2094**
2095** <blockquote><pre>
2096**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2097**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2098**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2099** </pre></blockquote>
2100**
2101** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2102** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2103**
2104** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2105** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2106** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2107*/
2108char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2109char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2110char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2111char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2112
2113/*
2114** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2115**
2116** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2117** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2118** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2119** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2120**
2121** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2122** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2123** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2124** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2125** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2126** a NULL pointer.
2127**
2128** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2129** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2130** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2131** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2132** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2133** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2134** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2135** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2136** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2137** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2138**
2139** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2140** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2141** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2142** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2143** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2144** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2145** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2146** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2147** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2148** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2149** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2150** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2151** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2152** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2153** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2154** is not freed.
2155**
2156** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2157** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2158** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2159** option is used.
2160**
2161** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2162** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2163** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2164** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2165**
2166** The Windows OS interface layer calls
2167** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2168** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2169** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2170** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
2171** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2172** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2173**
2174** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2175** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2176** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2177** not yet been released.
2178**
2179** The application must not read or write any part of
2180** a block of memory after it has been released using
2181** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2182*/
2183void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2184void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2185void sqlite3_free(void*);
2186
2187/*
2188** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2189**
2190** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2191** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2192** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2193**
2194** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2195** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2196** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2197** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2198** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2199** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2200** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2201** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2202** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2203**
2204** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2205** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2206** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2207** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2208** prior to the reset.
2209*/
2210sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2211sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2212
2213/*
2214** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2215**
2216** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2217** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2218** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2219** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2220** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2221**
2222** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2223**
2224** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2225** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2226** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2227** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2228** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2229** method.
2230*/
2231void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2232
2233/*
2234** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2235**
2236** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2237** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2238** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2239** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2240** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2241** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2242** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2243** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2244** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2245** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2246** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2247** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2248** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2249** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2250** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2251**
2252** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2253** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2254** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2255** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2256** access is denied.
2257**
2258** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2259** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2260** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2261** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2262** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2263** details about the action to be authorized.
2264**
2265** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2266** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2267** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2268** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2269** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2270** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2271** columns of a table.
2272** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2273** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2274** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2275**
2276** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2277** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2278** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2279** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2280** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2281** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2282** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2283** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2284** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2285** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2286**
2287** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2288** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2289** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2290** in addition to using an authorizer.
2291**
2292** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2293** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2294** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2295** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2296**
2297** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2298** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2299** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2300** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2301**
2302** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2303** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2304** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2305** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2306**
2307** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2308** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2309** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2310** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2311** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2312*/
2313int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2314  sqlite3*,
2315  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2316  void *pUserData
2317);
2318
2319/*
2320** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2321**
2322** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2323** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2324** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2325** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2326** information.
2327**
2328** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2329** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2330*/
2331#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2332#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2333
2334/*
2335** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2336**
2337** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2338** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2339** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2340** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2341** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2342**
2343** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2344** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2345** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2346** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2347** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2348** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2349** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2350** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2351** top-level SQL code.
2352*/
2353/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2354#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2355#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2356#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2357#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2358#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2359#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2360#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2361#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2362#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2363#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2364#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2365#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2366#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2367#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2368#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2369#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2370#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2371#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2372#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2373#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2374#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2375#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2376#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2377#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2378#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2379#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2380#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2381#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2382#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2383#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2384#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2385#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2386#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2387
2388/*
2389** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2390**
2391** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2392** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2393**
2394** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2395** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2396** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2397** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2398** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2399** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2400** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2401**
2402** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2403** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2404** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2405** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2406** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2407** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2408** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2409** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2410** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2411** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2412*/
2413void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2414SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2415   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2416
2417/*
2418** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2419**
2420** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2421** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2422** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2423** database connection D.  An example use for this
2424** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2425**
2426** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2427** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2428** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2429** invocations of the callback X.
2430**
2431** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2432** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2433** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2434** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2435** than 1.
2436**
2437** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2438** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2439** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2440**
2441** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2442** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2443** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2444** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2445**
2446*/
2447void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2448
2449/*
2450** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2451**
2452** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2453** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2454** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2455** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2456** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2457** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2458** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2459** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2460** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2461** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2462** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2463** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2464**
2465** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2466** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2467** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2468**
2469** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2470** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2471** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2472**
2473** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2474** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2475** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2476** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2477** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2478** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2479** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2480**
2481** <dl>
2482** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2483** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2484** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2485**
2486** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2487** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2488** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2489** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2490**
2491** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2492** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2493** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2494** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2495** </dl>
2496**
2497** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2498** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2499** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2500** then the behavior is undefined.
2501**
2502** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2503** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2504** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2505** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2506** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2507** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2508** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2509** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2510** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2511** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2512** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2513**
2514** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2515** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2516** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2517** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2518**
2519** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2520** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2521** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2522** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2523** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2524** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2525** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2526**
2527** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2528** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2529** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2530**
2531** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2532**
2533** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2534** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2535** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2536** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2537** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2538** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2539** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2540** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2541** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2542** information.
2543**
2544** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2545** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2546** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2547** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2548** present, is ignored.
2549**
2550** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2551** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2552** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2553** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2554** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2555** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2556** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2557**
2558** [[core URI query parameters]]
2559** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2560** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2561** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2562**
2563** <ul>
2564**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2565**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2566**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2567**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2568**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2569**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2570**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2571**
2572**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw" or
2573**     "rwc". Attempting to set it to any other value is an error)^.
2574**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2575**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2576**     third argument to sqlite3_prepare_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2577**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2578**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2579**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2580**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is
2581**     used, it is an error to specify a value for the mode parameter that is
2582**     less restrictive than that specified by the flags passed as the third
2583**     parameter.
2584**
2585**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2586**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2587**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2588**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2589**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2590**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2591**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behaviour requested by setting
2592**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2593** </ul>
2594**
2595** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2596** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2597** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2598** additional information.
2599**
2600** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2601**
2602** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2603** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2604** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2605**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2606** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2607**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2608**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2609**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2610** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2611**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2612** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2613**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2614**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2615**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2616**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2617**          in URI filenames.
2618** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2619**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2620**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2621**          default, use a private cache.
2622** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2623**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2624** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2625**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2626** </table>
2627**
2628** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2629** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2630** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2631** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2632** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2633** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2634** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2635** the results are undefined.
2636**
2637** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2638** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2639** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2640** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2641** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2642*/
2643int sqlite3_open(
2644  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2645  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2646);
2647int sqlite3_open16(
2648  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2649  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2650);
2651int sqlite3_open_v2(
2652  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2653  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2654  int flags,              /* Flags */
2655  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2656);
2657
2658/*
2659** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2660**
2661** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2662** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2663** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2664**
2665** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2666** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2667** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2668** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2669** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2670** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2671** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2672** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2673** a pointer to an empty string.
2674**
2675** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2676** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2677** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2678** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2679** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2680** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2681** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2682** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2683** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2684** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2685**
2686** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2687** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2688** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2689** zero is returned.
2690**
2691** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2692** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2693** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2694** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2695** undesirable.
2696*/
2697const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2698int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2699sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2700
2701
2702/*
2703** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2704**
2705** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2706** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2707** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2708** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2709** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2710** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2711** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2712** disabled.
2713**
2714** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2715** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2716** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2717** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2718** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2719** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2720**
2721** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2722** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2723** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2724** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2725** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2726** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2727** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2728** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2729** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2730**
2731** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2732** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2733** error code and message may or may not be set.
2734*/
2735int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2736int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2737const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2738const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2739
2740/*
2741** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2742** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2743**
2744** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2745** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2746** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2747**
2748** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2749**
2750** <ol>
2751** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2752**      function.
2753** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2754**      interfaces.
2755** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2756** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2757**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2758** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2759** </ol>
2760**
2761** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2762** information.
2763*/
2764typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2765
2766/*
2767** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2768**
2769** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2770** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2771** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2772** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2773** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2774** new limit for that construct.)^
2775**
2776** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2777** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2778** [limits | hard upper bound]
2779** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2780** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2781** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2782** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2783** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2784**
2785** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2786** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2787** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2788** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2789**
2790** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2791** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2792** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2793** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2794** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2795** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2796** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2797** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2798** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2799** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2800** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2801** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2802**
2803** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2804*/
2805int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2806
2807/*
2808** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2809** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2810**
2811** These constants define various performance limits
2812** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2813** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2814** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2815**
2816** <dl>
2817** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2818** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2819**
2820** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2821** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2822**
2823** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2824** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2825** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2826** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2827**
2828** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2829** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2830**
2831** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2832** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2833**
2834** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2835** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2836** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2837** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2838** SQLite.</dd>)^
2839**
2840** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2841** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2842**
2843** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2844** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2845**
2846** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
2847** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2848** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2849** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2850**
2851** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
2852** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2853** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2854**
2855** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2856** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2857** </dl>
2858*/
2859#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2860#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2861#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2862#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2863#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2864#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2865#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2866#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2867#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2868#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2869#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2870
2871/*
2872** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2873** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2874**
2875** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2876** program using one of these routines.
2877**
2878** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2879** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2880** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2881**
2882** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2883** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2884** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2885** use UTF-16.
2886**
2887** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2888** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2889** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2890** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2891** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2892** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2893** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2894** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2895** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
2896** make a copy of the input string.
2897**
2898** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2899** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2900** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2901** what remains uncompiled.
2902**
2903** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2904** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2905** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2906** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2907** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2908** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2909** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2910**
2911** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2912** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2913**
2914** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2915** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2916** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2917** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2918** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2919** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2920** behave differently in three ways:
2921**
2922** <ol>
2923** <li>
2924** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2925** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2926** statement and try to run it again.
2927** </li>
2928**
2929** <li>
2930** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2931** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
2932** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2933** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
2934** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2935** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2936** </li>
2937**
2938** <li>
2939** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
2940** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
2941** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
2942** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
2943** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
2944** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
2945** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
2946** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
2947** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
2948** the
2949** </li>
2950** </ol>
2951*/
2952int sqlite3_prepare(
2953  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2954  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2955  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2956  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2957  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2958);
2959int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2960  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2961  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2962  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2963  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2964  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2965);
2966int sqlite3_prepare16(
2967  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2968  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2969  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2970  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2971  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2972);
2973int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2974  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2975  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2976  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2977  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2978  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2979);
2980
2981/*
2982** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
2983**
2984** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
2985** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
2986** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2987*/
2988const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2989
2990/*
2991** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
2992**
2993** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
2994** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
2995** the content of the database file.
2996**
2997** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
2998** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
2999** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3000** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3001** change the database file through side-effects:
3002**
3003** <blockquote><pre>
3004**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3005** </pre></blockquote>
3006**
3007** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3008** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3009**
3010** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3011** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3012** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3013** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3014** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3015** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3016** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3017** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3018*/
3019int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3020
3021/*
3022** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3023**
3024** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3025** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3026** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3027** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3028** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3029** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3030** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3031**
3032** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3033** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3034** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3035** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3036** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3037*/
3038int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3039
3040/*
3041** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3042** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3043**
3044** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3045** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3046** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3047** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3048**
3049** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3050** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3051** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3052** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3053** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3054**
3055** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3056** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3057** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3058** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3059** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3060** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3061** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3062** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3063** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3064** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3065** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3066** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3067**
3068** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3069** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3070** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3071** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3072** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3073** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3074** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3075** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3076*/
3077typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3078
3079/*
3080** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3081**
3082** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3083** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3084** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3085** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3086** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3087** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3088** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3089** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3090*/
3091typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3092
3093/*
3094** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3095** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3096** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3097**
3098** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3099** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3100** templates:
3101**
3102** <ul>
3103** <li>  ?
3104** <li>  ?NNN
3105** <li>  :VVV
3106** <li>  @VVV
3107** <li>  $VVV
3108** </ul>
3109**
3110** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3111** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3112** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3113** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3114**
3115** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3116** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3117** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3118**
3119** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3120** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3121** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3122** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3123** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3124** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3125** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3126** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3127** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3128**
3129** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3130**
3131** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3132** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3133** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3134** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
3135** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3136** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3137** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3138** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3139** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3140** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3141** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3142** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3143**
3144** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3145** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3146** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3147** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3148** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3149** ^If the fifth argument is
3150** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3151** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3152** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3153** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3154** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3155**
3156** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3157** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3158** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3159** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3160** content is later written using
3161** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3162** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3163**
3164** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3165** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3166** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3167** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3168** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3169** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3170**
3171** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3172** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3173**
3174** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3175** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3176** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3177** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3178**
3179** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3180** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3181*/
3182int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3183int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3184int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3185int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3186int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3187int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3188int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3189int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3190int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3191
3192/*
3193** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3194**
3195** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3196** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3197** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3198** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3199** to the parameters at a later time.
3200**
3201** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3202** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3203** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3204** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3205**
3206** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3207** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3208** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3209*/
3210int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3211
3212/*
3213** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3214**
3215** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3216** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3217** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3218** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3219** respectively.
3220** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3221** is included as part of the name.)^
3222** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3223** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3224**
3225** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3226**
3227** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3228** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3229** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3230** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3231** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3232**
3233** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3234** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3235** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3236*/
3237const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3238
3239/*
3240** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3241**
3242** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3243** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3244** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3245** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3246** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3247** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3248**
3249** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3250** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3251** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3252*/
3253int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3254
3255/*
3256** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3257**
3258** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3259** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3260** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3261*/
3262int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3263
3264/*
3265** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3266**
3267** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3268** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3269** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3270**
3271** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3272*/
3273int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3274
3275/*
3276** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3277**
3278** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3279** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3280** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3281** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3282** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3283** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3284** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3285**
3286** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3287** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3288** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3289** or until the next call to
3290** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3291**
3292** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3293** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3294** NULL pointer is returned.
3295**
3296** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3297** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3298** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3299** one release of SQLite to the next.
3300*/
3301const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3302const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3303
3304/*
3305** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3306**
3307** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3308** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3309** [SELECT] statement.
3310** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3311** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3312** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3313** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3314** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3315** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3316** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3317** or until the same information is requested
3318** again in a different encoding.
3319**
3320** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3321** database, table, and column.
3322**
3323** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3324** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3325** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3326** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3327**
3328** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3329** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3330** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3331** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3332** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3333**
3334** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3335** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3336**
3337** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3338** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3339**
3340** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3341** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3342** undefined.
3343**
3344** If two or more threads call one or more
3345** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3346** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3347** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3348*/
3349const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3350const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3351const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3352const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3353const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3354const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3355
3356/*
3357** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3358**
3359** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3360** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3361** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3362** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3363** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3364** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3365** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3366**
3367** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3368**
3369** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3370**
3371** and the following statement to be compiled:
3372**
3373** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3374**
3375** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3376** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3377**
3378** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3379** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3380** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3381** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3382** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3383** used to hold those values.
3384*/
3385const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3386const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3387
3388/*
3389** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3390**
3391** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3392** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3393** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3394** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3395**
3396** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3397** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3398** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3399** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3400** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3401** interface will continue to be supported.
3402**
3403** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3404** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3405** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3406** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3407**
3408** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3409** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3410** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3411** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3412** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3413** continuing.
3414**
3415** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3416** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3417** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3418** machine back to its initial state.
3419**
3420** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3421** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3422** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3423** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3424**
3425** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3426** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3427** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3428** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3429** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3430** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3431** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3432** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3433**
3434** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3435** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3436** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3437** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3438** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3439** more threads at the same moment in time.
3440**
3441** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3442** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3443** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3444** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3445** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3446** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3447** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3448** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3449** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3450** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3451** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3452**
3453** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3454** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3455** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3456** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3457** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3458** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3459** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3460** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3461** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3462** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3463** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3464*/
3465int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3466
3467/*
3468** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3469**
3470** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3471** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3472** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3473** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3474** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3475** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3476** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3477** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3478** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3479** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3480** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3481** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3482**
3483** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3484*/
3485int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3486
3487/*
3488** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3489** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3490**
3491** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3492**
3493** <ul>
3494** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3495** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3496** <li> string
3497** <li> BLOB
3498** <li> NULL
3499** </ul>)^
3500**
3501** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3502**
3503** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3504** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3505** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3506** SQLITE_TEXT.
3507*/
3508#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3509#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3510#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3511#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3512#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3513# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3514#else
3515# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3516#endif
3517#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3518
3519/*
3520** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3521** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3522**
3523** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3524**
3525** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3526** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3527** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3528** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3529** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3530** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3531** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3532** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3533**
3534** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3535** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3536** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3537** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3538** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3539** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3540** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3541** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3542** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3543** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3544** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3545**
3546** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3547** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3548** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3549** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3550** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3551** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3552** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3553** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3554** following a type conversion.
3555**
3556** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3557** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3558** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3559** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3560** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3561** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3562** the number of bytes in that string.
3563** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3564**
3565** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3566** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3567** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3568** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3569** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3570** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3571** the number of bytes in that string.
3572** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3573**
3574** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3575** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3576** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3577** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3578** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3579**
3580** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3581** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3582** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3583**
3584** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3585** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3586** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3587** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3588** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3589** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3590** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3591**
3592** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3593** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3594** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3595** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3596** that are applied:
3597**
3598** <blockquote>
3599** <table border="1">
3600** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3601**
3602** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3603** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3604** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3605** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3606** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3607** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3608** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3609** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3610** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3611** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3612** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3613** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3614** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3615** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3616** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3617** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3618** </table>
3619** </blockquote>)^
3620**
3621** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3622** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3623** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3624** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3625** C programmers.
3626**
3627** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3628** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3629** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3630** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3631** in the following cases:
3632**
3633** <ul>
3634** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3635**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3636**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3637** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3638**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3639**      to UTF-16.</li>
3640** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3641**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3642**      to UTF-8.</li>
3643** </ul>
3644**
3645** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3646** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3647** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3648** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3649** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3650**
3651** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3652** in one of the following ways:
3653**
3654** <ul>
3655**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3656**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3657**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3658** </ul>
3659**
3660** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3661** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3662** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3663** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3664** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3665** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3666** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3667**
3668** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3669** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3670** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3671** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3672** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3673** [sqlite3_free()].
3674**
3675** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3676** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3677** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3678** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3679** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3680*/
3681const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3682int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3683int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3684double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3685int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3686sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3687const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3688const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3689int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3690sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3691
3692/*
3693** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3694**
3695** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3696** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3697** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3698** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3699** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3700** [extended error code].
3701**
3702** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3703** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3704** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3705** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3706** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3707** completed execution.
3708**
3709** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3710**
3711** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3712** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3713** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3714** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3715** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3716*/
3717int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3718
3719/*
3720** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3721**
3722** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3723** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3724** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3725** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3726** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3727**
3728** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3729** back to the beginning of its program.
3730**
3731** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3732** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3733** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3734** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3735**
3736** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3737** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3738** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3739**
3740** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3741** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3742*/
3743int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3744
3745/*
3746** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3747** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3748** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3749** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3750**
3751** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3752** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3753** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3754** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3755** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3756** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3757** the application data pointer.
3758**
3759** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3760** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3761** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3762** to each database connection separately.
3763**
3764** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3765** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3766** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3767** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3768** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3769** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3770**
3771** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3772** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3773** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3774** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3775** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3776** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3777** undefined.
3778**
3779** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3780** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3781** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3782** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3783** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3784** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3785** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3786** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3787** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3788** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3789** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3790**
3791** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3792** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3793**
3794** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3795** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3796** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3797** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3798** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3799** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3800** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
3801** callbacks.
3802**
3803** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3804** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
3805** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3806** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
3807** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
3808** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
3809** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3810** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
3811** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3812**
3813** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3814** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3815** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3816** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3817** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3818** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3819** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3820** matches the database encoding is a better
3821** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3822** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3823** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3824** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3825**
3826** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3827**
3828** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3829** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3830** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3831** statement in which the function is running.
3832*/
3833int sqlite3_create_function(
3834  sqlite3 *db,
3835  const char *zFunctionName,
3836  int nArg,
3837  int eTextRep,
3838  void *pApp,
3839  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3840  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3841  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3842);
3843int sqlite3_create_function16(
3844  sqlite3 *db,
3845  const void *zFunctionName,
3846  int nArg,
3847  int eTextRep,
3848  void *pApp,
3849  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3850  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3851  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3852);
3853int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3854  sqlite3 *db,
3855  const char *zFunctionName,
3856  int nArg,
3857  int eTextRep,
3858  void *pApp,
3859  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3860  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3861  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3862  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3863);
3864
3865/*
3866** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3867**
3868** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3869** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3870*/
3871#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3872#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3873#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3874#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3875#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3876#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3877
3878/*
3879** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3880** DEPRECATED
3881**
3882** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3883** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3884** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3885** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3886** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3887*/
3888#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3889SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3890SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3891SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3892SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3893SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3894SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3895#endif
3896
3897/*
3898** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3899**
3900** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3901** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3902** the function or aggregate.
3903**
3904** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3905** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3906** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3907** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3908** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3909** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3910** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3911**
3912** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3913** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3914** object results in undefined behavior.
3915**
3916** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3917** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3918** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3919**
3920** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3921** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
3922** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3923** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3924**
3925** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3926** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3927** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3928** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3929** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3930** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3931** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
3932**
3933** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3934** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3935** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3936** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3937** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3938**
3939** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3940** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3941*/
3942const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3943int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3944int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3945double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3946int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3947sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3948const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3949const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3950const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3951const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3952int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3953int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3954
3955/*
3956** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
3957**
3958** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
3959** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
3960**
3961** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
3962** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
3963** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
3964** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
3965** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
3966** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
3967** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
3968** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
3969** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
3970** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
3971** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
3972** first time from within xFinal().)^
3973**
3974** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
3975** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
3976**
3977** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
3978** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
3979** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
3980** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
3981** allocation.)^
3982**
3983** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
3984** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
3985**
3986** The first parameter must be a copy of the
3987** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
3988** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
3989** function.
3990**
3991** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3992** the aggregate SQL function is running.
3993*/
3994void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
3995
3996/*
3997** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
3998**
3999** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4000** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4001** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4002** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4003** registered the application defined function.
4004**
4005** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4006** the application-defined function is running.
4007*/
4008void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4009
4010/*
4011** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4012**
4013** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4014** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4015** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4016** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4017** registered the application defined function.
4018*/
4019sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4020
4021/*
4022** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4023**
4024** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
4025** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4026** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4027** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
4028** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
4029** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
4030** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
4031** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4032** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
4033** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
4034**
4035** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4036** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4037** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
4038** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
4039** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
4040** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
4041**
4042** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
4043** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
4044** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
4045** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
4046** not been destroyed.
4047** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
4048** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
4049** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
4050** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
4051**
4052** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
4053** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
4054** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
4055**
4056** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4057** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
4058** values and [parameters].)^
4059**
4060** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4061** the SQL function is running.
4062*/
4063void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4064void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4065
4066
4067/*
4068** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4069**
4070** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4071** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4072** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4073** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4074** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4075** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4076** the content before returning.
4077**
4078** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4079** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
4080*/
4081typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4082#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4083#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4084
4085/*
4086** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4087**
4088** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4089** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4090** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4091** for additional information.
4092**
4093** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4094** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4095** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4096**
4097** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4098** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4099** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4100** third parameter.
4101**
4102** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4103** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4104** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4105**
4106** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4107** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4108** by its 2nd argument.
4109**
4110** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4111** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4112** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4113** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4114** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4115** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4116** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4117** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4118** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4119** message all text up through the first zero character.
4120** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4121** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4122** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4123** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4124** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4125** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4126** modify the text after they return without harm.
4127** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4128** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4129** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4130** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4131**
4132** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4133** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4134**
4135** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4136** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4137**
4138** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4139** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4140** value given in the 2nd argument.
4141** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4142** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4143** value given in the 2nd argument.
4144**
4145** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4146** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4147**
4148** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4149** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4150** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4151** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4152** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4153** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4154** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4155** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4156** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4157** through the first zero character.
4158** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4159** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4160** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4161** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4162** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4163** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4164** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4165** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4166** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4167** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4168** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4169** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4170** finished using that result.
4171** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4172** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4173** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4174** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4175** when it has finished using that result.
4176** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4177** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4178** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4179** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4180**
4181** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4182** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4183** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4184** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4185** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4186** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4187** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4188** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4189** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4190**
4191** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4192** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4193** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4194*/
4195void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4196void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4197void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4198void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4199void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4200void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4201void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4202void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4203void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4204void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4205void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4206void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4207void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4208void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4209void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4210void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4211
4212/*
4213** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4214**
4215** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4216** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4217**
4218** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4219** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4220** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4221** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4222** considered to be the same name.
4223**
4224** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4225** <ul>
4226** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4227** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4228** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4229** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4230** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4231** </ul>)^
4232** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4233** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4234** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4235** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4236** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4237** on an even byte address.
4238**
4239** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4240** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4241**
4242** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4243** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4244** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4245** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4246** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4247** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4248** that collation is no longer usable.
4249**
4250** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4251** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4252** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4253** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4254** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4255** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4256** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4257** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4258** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4259** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4260** strings A, B, and C:
4261**
4262** <ol>
4263** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4264** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4265** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4266** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4267** </ol>
4268**
4269** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4270** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4271** is undefined.
4272**
4273** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4274** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4275** the collating function is deleted.
4276** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4277** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4278** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4279**
4280** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4281** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4282** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4283** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4284** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4285** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4286** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4287** compatibility.
4288**
4289** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4290*/
4291int sqlite3_create_collation(
4292  sqlite3*,
4293  const char *zName,
4294  int eTextRep,
4295  void *pArg,
4296  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4297);
4298int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4299  sqlite3*,
4300  const char *zName,
4301  int eTextRep,
4302  void *pArg,
4303  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4304  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4305);
4306int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4307  sqlite3*,
4308  const void *zName,
4309  int eTextRep,
4310  void *pArg,
4311  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4312);
4313
4314/*
4315** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4316**
4317** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4318** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4319** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4320** sequence is required.
4321**
4322** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4323** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4324** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4325** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4326** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4327**
4328** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4329** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4330** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4331** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4332** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4333** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4334** required collation sequence.)^
4335**
4336** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4337** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4338** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4339*/
4340int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4341  sqlite3*,
4342  void*,
4343  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4344);
4345int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4346  sqlite3*,
4347  void*,
4348  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4349);
4350
4351#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4352/*
4353** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4354** called right after sqlite3_open().
4355**
4356** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4357** of SQLite.
4358*/
4359int sqlite3_key(
4360  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4361  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4362);
4363
4364/*
4365** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4366** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4367** database is decrypted.
4368**
4369** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4370** of SQLite.
4371*/
4372int sqlite3_rekey(
4373  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4374  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4375);
4376
4377/*
4378** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4379** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4380*/
4381void sqlite3_activate_see(
4382  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4383);
4384#endif
4385
4386#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4387/*
4388** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4389** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4390*/
4391void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4392  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4393);
4394#endif
4395
4396/*
4397** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4398**
4399** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4400** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4401**
4402** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4403** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4404** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4405** requested from the operating system is returned.
4406**
4407** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4408** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4409** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4410** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4411** in the previous paragraphs.
4412*/
4413int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4414
4415/*
4416** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4417**
4418** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4419** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4420** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4421** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4422** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4423** temporary file directory.
4424**
4425** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4426** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4427** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4428** thread.
4429** It is intended that this variable be set once
4430** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4431** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4432** thereafter.
4433**
4434** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4435** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4436** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4437** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4438** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4439** using [sqlite3_free].
4440** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4441** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4442** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4443*/
4444SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4445
4446/*
4447** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4448** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4449**
4450** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4451** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4452** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4453** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4454** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4455**
4456** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4457** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4458** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4459** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4460** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4461** an error is to use this function.
4462**
4463** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4464** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4465** is undefined.
4466*/
4467int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4468
4469/*
4470** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4471**
4472** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4473** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4474** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4475** that was the first argument
4476** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4477** create the statement in the first place.
4478*/
4479sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4480
4481/*
4482** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4483**
4484** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4485** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4486** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4487** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4488** a NULL pointer is returned.
4489**
4490** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4491** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4492** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4493** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4494*/
4495const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4496
4497/*
4498** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4499**
4500** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4501** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4502** the name of a database on connection D.
4503*/
4504int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4505
4506/*
4507** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4508**
4509** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4510** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4511** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4512** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4513** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4514**
4515** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4516** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4517** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4518*/
4519sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4520
4521/*
4522** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4523**
4524** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4525** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4526** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4527** for the same database connection is overridden.
4528** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4529** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4530** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4531** for the same database connection is overridden.
4532** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4533** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4534** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4535**
4536** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4537** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4538** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4539** the first call for each function on D.
4540**
4541** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4542** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4543** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4544** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4545** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4546** or rollback hook in the first place.
4547** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4548** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4549** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4550**
4551** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4552**
4553** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4554** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4555** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4556** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4557** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4558**
4559** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4560** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4561** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4562** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4563** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4564**
4565** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4566*/
4567void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4568void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4569
4570/*
4571** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4572**
4573** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4574** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4575** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4576** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4577** for the same database connection is overridden.
4578**
4579** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4580** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4581** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4582** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4583** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4584** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4585** to be invoked.
4586** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4587** database and table name containing the affected row.
4588** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4589** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4590**
4591** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4592** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4593**
4594** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4595** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4596** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4597** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4598** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4599** release of SQLite.
4600**
4601** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4602** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4603** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4604** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4605** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4606** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4607**
4608** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4609** returns the P argument from the previous call
4610** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4611** the first call on D.
4612**
4613** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4614** interfaces.
4615*/
4616void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4617  sqlite3*,
4618  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4619  void*
4620);
4621
4622/*
4623** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4624** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
4625**
4626** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4627** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4628** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4629** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4630**
4631** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4632** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4633** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4634**
4635** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4636** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4637** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4638** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4639**
4640** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4641** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4642**
4643** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4644** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4645** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4646**
4647** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4648*/
4649int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4650
4651/*
4652** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4653**
4654** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4655** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4656** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4657** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4658** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4659** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4660** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4661** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4662**
4663** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4664*/
4665int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4666
4667/*
4668** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4669**
4670** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4671** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4672** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is effect even
4673** when then [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4674** omitted.
4675**
4676** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4677*/
4678int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4679
4680/*
4681** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4682**
4683** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4684** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4685** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4686** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4687** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4688** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4689** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4690** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4691** is advisory only.
4692**
4693** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4694** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4695** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4696** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4697** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4698** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4699**
4700** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4701**
4702** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4703** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4704**
4705** <ul>
4706** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4707** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4708**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4709**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4710** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
4711**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
4712** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4713**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4714**      from the heap.
4715** </ul>)^
4716**
4717** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4718** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4719** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4720** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4721** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4722** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4723** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4724** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4725** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4726**
4727** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4728** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4729*/
4730sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4731
4732/*
4733** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4734** DEPRECATED
4735**
4736** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4737** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4738** only.  All new applications should use the
4739** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4740*/
4741SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4742
4743
4744/*
4745** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4746**
4747** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4748** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4749** passed as the first function argument.
4750**
4751** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4752** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4753** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4754** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4755** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4756** resolve unqualified table references.
4757**
4758** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4759** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4760** may be NULL.
4761**
4762** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4763** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4764** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4765**
4766** ^(<blockquote>
4767** <table border="1">
4768** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4769**
4770** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4771** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4772** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4773** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4774** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4775** </table>
4776** </blockquote>)^
4777**
4778** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4779** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4780** call to any SQLite API function.
4781**
4782** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4783**
4784** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4785** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4786** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4787** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4788** parameters are set as follows:
4789**
4790** <pre>
4791**     data type: "INTEGER"
4792**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4793**     not null: 0
4794**     primary key: 1
4795**     auto increment: 0
4796** </pre>)^
4797**
4798** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4799** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4800** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4801** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4802**
4803** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4804** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4805*/
4806int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4807  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4808  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4809  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4810  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4811  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4812  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4813  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4814  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4815  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4816);
4817
4818/*
4819** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4820**
4821** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4822**
4823** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4824** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4825**
4826** ^The entry point is zProc.
4827** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4828** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4829** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4830** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4831** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4832** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4833** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4834** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4835** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4836**
4837** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4838** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4839** otherwise an error will be returned.
4840**
4841** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4842*/
4843int sqlite3_load_extension(
4844  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4845  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4846  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4847  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4848);
4849
4850/*
4851** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4852**
4853** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4854** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4855** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4856** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4857**
4858** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4859** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4860** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4861** it back off again.
4862*/
4863int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4864
4865/*
4866** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
4867**
4868** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
4869** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
4870** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked SQLite extension
4871** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
4872**
4873** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
4874** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
4875** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
4876** entry point where as follows:
4877**
4878** <blockquote><pre>
4879** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
4880** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
4881** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
4882** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
4883** &nbsp;  );
4884** </pre></blockquote>)^
4885**
4886** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
4887** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
4888** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
4889** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
4890** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
4891** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
4892** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
4893**
4894** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
4895** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
4896** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
4897**
4898** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].
4899*/
4900int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
4901
4902/*
4903** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
4904**
4905** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
4906** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
4907*/
4908void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4909
4910/*
4911** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4912** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4913** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4914**
4915** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4916** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4917*/
4918
4919/*
4920** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4921*/
4922typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4923typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4924typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4925typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4926
4927/*
4928** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
4929** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
4930**
4931** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
4932** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
4933** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
4934**
4935** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
4936** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
4937** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
4938** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
4939** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
4940** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
4941** any database connection.
4942*/
4943struct sqlite3_module {
4944  int iVersion;
4945  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4946               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4947               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4948  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4949               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4950               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4951  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
4952  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4953  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4954  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
4955  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4956  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
4957                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
4958  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4959  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4960  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
4961  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
4962  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
4963  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4964  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4965  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4966  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4967  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
4968                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4969                       void **ppArg);
4970  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
4971  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
4972  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
4973  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4974  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4975  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4976};
4977
4978/*
4979** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
4980** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
4981**
4982** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
4983** of the [virtual table] interface to
4984** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
4985** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
4986** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
4987** results into the **Outputs** fields.
4988**
4989** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
4990**
4991** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
4992**
4993** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
4994** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
4995** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
4996** ^(The index of the column is stored in
4997** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
4998** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
4999** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5000**
5001** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5002** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5003** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5004** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5005** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5006**
5007** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5008** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5009**
5010** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5011** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5012** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5013** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5014** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5015** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5016**
5017** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5018** [xFilter] method.
5019** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5020** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5021**
5022** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5023** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5024** sorting step is required.
5025**
5026** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
5027** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
5028** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
5029** cost of approximately log(N).
5030*/
5031struct sqlite3_index_info {
5032  /* Inputs */
5033  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5034  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5035     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5036     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5037     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5038     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5039  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5040  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5041  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5042     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5043     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5044  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5045  /* Outputs */
5046  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5047    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5048    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5049  } *aConstraintUsage;
5050  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5051  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5052  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5053  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5054  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5055};
5056
5057/*
5058** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5059**
5060** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5061** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5062** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5063** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5064*/
5065#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5066#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5067#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5068#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5069#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5070#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5071
5072/*
5073** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5074**
5075** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5076** ^Module names must be registered before
5077** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5078** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5079**
5080** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5081** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5082** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5083** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5084** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5085** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5086** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5087**
5088** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5089** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5090** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5091** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5092** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5093** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5094** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5095** destructor.
5096*/
5097int sqlite3_create_module(
5098  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5099  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5100  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5101  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5102);
5103int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5104  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5105  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5106  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5107  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5108  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5109);
5110
5111/*
5112** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5113** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5114**
5115** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5116** of this object to describe a particular instance
5117** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5118** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5119** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5120** common to all module implementations.
5121**
5122** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5123** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5124** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5125** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5126** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5127** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5128*/
5129struct sqlite3_vtab {
5130  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5131  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5132  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5133  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5134};
5135
5136/*
5137** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5138** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5139**
5140** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5141** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5142** [virtual table] and are used
5143** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5144** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5145** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5146** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5147** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5148** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5149**
5150** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5151** are common to all implementations.
5152*/
5153struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5154  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5155  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5156};
5157
5158/*
5159** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5160**
5161** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5162** [virtual table module] call this interface
5163** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5164** the virtual tables they implement.
5165*/
5166int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5167
5168/*
5169** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5170**
5171** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5172** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5173** But global versions of those functions
5174** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5175**
5176** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5177** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5178** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5179** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5180** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5181** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5182** by a [virtual table].
5183*/
5184int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5185
5186/*
5187** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5188** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5189** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5190** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5191**
5192** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5193** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5194*/
5195
5196/*
5197** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5198** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5199**
5200** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5201** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5202** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5203** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5204** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5205** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5206** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5207*/
5208typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5209
5210/*
5211** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5212**
5213** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5214** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5215** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5216**
5217** <pre>
5218**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5219** </pre>)^
5220**
5221** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5222** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5223** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5224** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5225** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5226**
5227** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5228** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5229** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5230** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5231** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5232**
5233** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5234** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5235** to be a null pointer.)^
5236** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5237** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5238** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5239** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5240** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5241**
5242** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5243** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5244** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5245** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5246** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5247** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5248** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5249** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5250** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5251** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5252**
5253** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5254** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5255** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5256** blob.
5257**
5258** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5259** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5260** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5261** this interface.
5262**
5263** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5264** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5265*/
5266int sqlite3_blob_open(
5267  sqlite3*,
5268  const char *zDb,
5269  const char *zTable,
5270  const char *zColumn,
5271  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5272  int flags,
5273  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5274);
5275
5276/*
5277** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5278**
5279** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5280** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5281** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5282** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5283** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5284** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5285**
5286** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5287** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5288** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5289** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5290** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5291** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5292** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5293** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5294** always returns zero.
5295**
5296** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5297*/
5298SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5299
5300/*
5301** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5302**
5303** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5304**
5305** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5306** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5307** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5308** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5309** until the close operation if they will fit.
5310**
5311** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5312** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5313** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5314** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5315**
5316** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5317** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5318**
5319** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5320** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5321*/
5322int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5323
5324/*
5325** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5326**
5327** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5328** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5329** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5330** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5331**
5332** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5333** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5334** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5335** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5336*/
5337int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5338
5339/*
5340** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5341**
5342** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5343** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5344** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5345**
5346** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5347** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5348** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5349** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5350** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5351**
5352** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5353** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5354**
5355** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5356** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5357**
5358** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5359** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5360** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5361** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5362**
5363** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5364*/
5365int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5366
5367/*
5368** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5369**
5370** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5371** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5372** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5373**
5374** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5375** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5376** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5377**
5378** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5379** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5380** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5381** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5382** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5383** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5384** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5385**
5386** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5387** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5388** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5389** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5390** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5391** or by other independent statements.
5392**
5393** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5394** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5395**
5396** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5397** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5398** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5399** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5400**
5401** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5402*/
5403int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5404
5405/*
5406** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5407**
5408** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5409** that SQLite uses to interact
5410** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5411** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5412** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5413** The following interfaces are provided.
5414**
5415** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5416** ^Names are case sensitive.
5417** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5418** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5419** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5420**
5421** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5422** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5423** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5424** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5425** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5426** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5427** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5428** then the behavior is undefined.
5429**
5430** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5431** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5432** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5433*/
5434sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5435int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5436int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5437
5438/*
5439** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5440**
5441** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5442** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5443** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5444** permitted to use any of these routines.
5445**
5446** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5447** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5448** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5449** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5450**
5451** <ul>
5452** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
5453** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5454** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5455** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5456** </ul>)^
5457**
5458** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5459** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5460** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
5461** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
5462** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
5463**
5464** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5465** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5466** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5467** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5468** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5469** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5470** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5471**
5472** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5473** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5474** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5475** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5476** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5477**
5478** <ul>
5479** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5480** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5481** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5482** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5483** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5484** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5485** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5486** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5487** </ul>)^
5488**
5489** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5490** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5491** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5492** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5493** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5494** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5495** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5496** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5497** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5498** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5499**
5500** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5501** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5502** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5503** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5504** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5505** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5506** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5507** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5508**
5509** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5510** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5511** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5512** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5513** the same type number.
5514**
5515** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5516** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5517** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5518** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5519** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5520** a static mutex.
5521**
5522** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5523** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5524** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5525** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5526** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5527** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5528** In such cases the,
5529** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5530** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5531** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5532** SQLite will never exhibit
5533** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5534**
5535** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5536** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5537** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5538** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5539**
5540** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5541** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5542** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5543** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5544** never do either.)^
5545**
5546** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5547** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5548** behave as no-ops.
5549**
5550** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5551*/
5552sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5553void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5554void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5555int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5556void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5557
5558/*
5559** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5560**
5561** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5562** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5563**
5564** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5565** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5566** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5567** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5568** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5569** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5570** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5571** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5572** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5573**
5574** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5575** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5576** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5577** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5578**
5579** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5580** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5581** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5582** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5583** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5584** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5585**
5586** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5587** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5588** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5589**
5590** <ul>
5591**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5592**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5593**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5594**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5595**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5596**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5597**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5598** </ul>)^
5599**
5600** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5601** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5602** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5603** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5604** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5605** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5606** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5607**
5608** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5609** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5610** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5611** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5612**
5613** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5614** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5615** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5616** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5617**
5618** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5619** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5620** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5621** prior to returning.
5622*/
5623typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5624struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5625  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5626  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5627  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5628  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5629  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5630  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5631  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5632  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5633  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5634};
5635
5636/*
5637** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5638**
5639** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5640** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5641** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5642** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5643** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5644** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5645** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5646** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5647**
5648** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5649** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5650**
5651** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5652** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5653** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5654** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5655**
5656** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5657** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5658** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5659** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5660** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5661** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5662** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5663** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5664*/
5665#ifndef NDEBUG
5666int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5667int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5668#endif
5669
5670/*
5671** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5672**
5673** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5674** which is one of these integer constants.
5675**
5676** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5677** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5678** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5679*/
5680#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5681#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5682#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5683#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5684#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5685#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5686#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5687#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5688#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
5689#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
5690
5691/*
5692** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5693**
5694** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5695** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5696** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5697** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5698** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5699*/
5700sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5701
5702/*
5703** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5704**
5705** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5706** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5707** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5708** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5709** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5710** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5711** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5712** main database file.
5713** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5714** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5715** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5716** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5717**
5718** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
5719** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
5720** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
5721** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
5722** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
5723**
5724** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5725** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5726** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5727** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5728** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5729** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5730** xFileControl method.
5731**
5732** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5733*/
5734int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5735
5736/*
5737** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5738**
5739** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5740** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5741** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5742** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5743**
5744** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5745** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5746** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5747**
5748** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5749** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5750** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5751** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5752*/
5753int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5754
5755/*
5756** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5757**
5758** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5759** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5760**
5761** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5762** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5763** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5764** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5765*/
5766#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5767#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5768#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5769#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5770#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5771#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5772#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5773#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5774#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5775#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5776#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5777#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5778#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5779#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
5780#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
5781#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
5782#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    19
5783
5784/*
5785** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5786**
5787** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5788** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5789** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5790** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5791** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5792** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5793** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5794** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5795** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5796** value.  For those parameters
5797** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5798** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5799** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5800**
5801** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5802** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5803**
5804** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5805** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5806** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5807** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5808** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5809** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5810**
5811** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5812*/
5813int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5814
5815
5816/*
5817** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5818** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
5819**
5820** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5821** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5822**
5823** <dl>
5824** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5825** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5826** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5827** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5828** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5829** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5830** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5831** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5832** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5833**
5834** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5835** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5836** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5837** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5838** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5839** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5840**
5841** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5842** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
5843** currently checked out.</dd>)^
5844**
5845** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5846** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5847** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5848** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5849** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5850**
5851** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
5852** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5853** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5854** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5855** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5856** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5857** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5858** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5859** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5860**
5861** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5862** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5863** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5864** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5865** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5866**
5867** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5868** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5869** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5870** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5871** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5872** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5873** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
5874**
5875** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5876** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5877** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5878** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5879** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5880** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5881** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5882** slots were available.
5883** </dd>)^
5884**
5885** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
5886** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5887** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5888** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5889** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5890**
5891** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
5892** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
5893** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
5894** </dl>
5895**
5896** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
5897*/
5898#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
5899#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
5900#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
5901#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
5902#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
5903#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
5904#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
5905#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
5906#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
5907#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
5908
5909/*
5910** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
5911**
5912** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5913** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
5914** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
5915** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
5916** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
5917** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
5918** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
5919** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
5920**
5921** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
5922** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
5923** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
5924** reset back down to the current value.
5925**
5926** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5927** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5928**
5929** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
5930*/
5931int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
5932
5933/*
5934** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
5935** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
5936**
5937** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
5938** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
5939**
5940** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
5941** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
5942** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
5943** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
5944** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
5945**
5946** <dl>
5947** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
5948** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
5949** checked out.</dd>)^
5950**
5951** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
5952** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
5953** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5954** the current value is always zero.)^
5955**
5956** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
5957** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
5958** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5959** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
5960** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
5961** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5962** the current value is always zero.)^
5963**
5964** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
5965** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
5966** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5967** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
5968** memory already being in use.
5969** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5970** the current value is always zero.)^
5971**
5972** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
5973** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5974** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
5975** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
5976**
5977** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
5978** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5979** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
5980** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
5981** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
5982** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
5983** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
5984** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
5985**
5986** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
5987** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5988** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
5989** the database connection.)^
5990** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
5991** </dd>
5992**
5993** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
5994** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
5995** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
5996** is always 0.
5997** </dd>
5998**
5999** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6000** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6001** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6002** is always 0.
6003** </dd>
6004**
6005** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6006** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6007** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6008** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6009** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6010** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6011** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6012** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined). ^The
6013** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6014** </dd>
6015** </dl>
6016*/
6017#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6018#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6019#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6020#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6021#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6022#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6023#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6024#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6025#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6026#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6027#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                  9   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6028
6029
6030/*
6031** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6032**
6033** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6034** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6035** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6036** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6037** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6038** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6039** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6040** an index.
6041**
6042** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6043** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6044** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6045** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6046** to be interrogated.)^
6047** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6048** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6049** interface call returns.
6050**
6051** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6052*/
6053int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6054
6055/*
6056** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6057** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6058**
6059** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6060** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6061** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6062**
6063** <dl>
6064** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6065** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6066** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6067** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6068** careful use of indices.</dd>
6069**
6070** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6071** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6072** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6073** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6074**
6075** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6076** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6077** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6078** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6079** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6080** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6081** </dl>
6082*/
6083#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6084#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6085#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6086
6087/*
6088** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6089**
6090** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6091** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6092** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6093** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6094** to the object.
6095**
6096** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6097*/
6098typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6099
6100/*
6101** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6102**
6103** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6104** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6105** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6106** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6107**
6108** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6109*/
6110typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6111struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6112  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6113  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6114};
6115
6116/*
6117** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6118** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6119**
6120** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6121** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6122** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6123** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6124** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6125** By implementing a
6126** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6127** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6128** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6129** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6130** how long.
6131**
6132** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6133** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6134** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6135**
6136** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6137** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6138** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6139** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6140**
6141** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6142** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6143** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6144** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6145** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6146** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6147** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6148** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6149** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6150** page cache.)^
6151**
6152** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6153** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6154** It can be used to clean up
6155** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6156** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6157**
6158** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6159** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6160** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6161** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6162** in multithreaded applications.
6163**
6164** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6165** call to xShutdown().
6166**
6167** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6168** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6169** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6170** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6171** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6172** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6173** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6174** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6175** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6176** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6177** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6178** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6179** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6180** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6181** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6182** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6183** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6184** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6185** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6186** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6187** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6188** never contain any unpinned pages.
6189**
6190** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6191** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6192** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6193** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6194** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6195** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6196** value; it is advisory only.
6197**
6198** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6199** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6200** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6201**
6202** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6203** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6204** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6205** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6206** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6207** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6208** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6209** for each entry in the page cache.
6210**
6211** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6212** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6213** to be "pinned".
6214**
6215** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6216** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6217** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6218** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6219** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6220**
6221** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6222** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
6223** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6224** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6225**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6226** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6227**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6228** </table>
6229**
6230** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6231** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6232** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6233** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6234** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6235**
6236** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6237** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6238** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6239** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6240** ^If the discard parameter is
6241** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6242** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6243** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6244**
6245** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6246** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6247** to xFetch().
6248**
6249** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6250** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6251** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6252** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6253** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6254** to be pinned.
6255**
6256** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6257** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6258** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6259** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6260** they can be safely discarded.
6261**
6262** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6263** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6264** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6265** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6266** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6267** functions.
6268**
6269** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6270** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6271** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6272** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6273** do their best.
6274*/
6275typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6276struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6277  int iVersion;
6278  void *pArg;
6279  int (*xInit)(void*);
6280  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6281  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6282  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6283  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6284  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6285  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6286  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6287      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6288  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6289  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6290  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6291};
6292
6293/*
6294** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6295** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6296** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6297*/
6298typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6299struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6300  void *pArg;
6301  int (*xInit)(void*);
6302  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6303  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6304  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6305  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6306  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6307  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6308  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6309  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6310  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6311};
6312
6313
6314/*
6315** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6316**
6317** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6318** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6319** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6320** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6321**
6322** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6323*/
6324typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6325
6326/*
6327** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6328**
6329** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6330** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6331** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6332**
6333** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6334**
6335** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6336** for the duration of the backup operation.
6337** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6338** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6339** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6340** preventing other database connections from
6341** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6342**
6343** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6344**   <ol>
6345**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6346**         backup,
6347**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6348**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6349**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6350**         associated with the backup operation.
6351**   </ol>)^
6352** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6353** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6354**
6355** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6356**
6357** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6358** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6359** and the database name, respectively.
6360** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6361** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6362** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6363** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6364** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6365** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6366** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6367** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6368** an error.
6369**
6370** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6371** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6372** destination [database connection] D.
6373** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6374** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6375** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6376** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6377** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6378** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6379** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6380** operation.
6381**
6382** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6383**
6384** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6385** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6386** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6387** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6388** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6389** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6390** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6391** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6392** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6393** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6394** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6395** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6396**
6397** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6398** <ol>
6399** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6400** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6401** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6402** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6403** destination and source page sizes differ.
6404** </ol>)^
6405**
6406** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6407** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6408** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6409** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6410** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6411** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6412** [database connection]
6413** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6414** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6415** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6416** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6417** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6418** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6419** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6420** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6421** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6422**
6423** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6424** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6425** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6426** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6427** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6428** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6429** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6430** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6431** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6432** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6433** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6434** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6435** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6436** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6437** updated at the same time.
6438**
6439** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6440**
6441** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6442** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6443** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6444** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6445** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6446** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6447** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6448** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6449** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6450**
6451** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6452** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6453** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6454** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6455** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6456** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6457**
6458** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6459** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6460** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6461**
6462** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6463** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6464**
6465** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6466** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6467** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6468** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6469** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6470**
6471** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6472** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6473** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6474** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6475** changing.
6476**
6477** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6478**
6479** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6480** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6481** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6482** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6483** from within other threads.
6484**
6485** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6486** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6487** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6488** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6489** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6490** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6491** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6492** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6493**
6494** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6495** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6496** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6497** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6498** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6499** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6500**
6501** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6502** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6503** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6504** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6505** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6506** possible that they return invalid values.
6507*/
6508sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6509  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6510  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6511  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6512  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6513);
6514int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6515int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6516int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6517int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6518
6519/*
6520** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6521**
6522** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6523** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6524** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6525** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6526** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6527** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6528** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6529** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6530**
6531** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6532**
6533** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6534** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6535**
6536** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6537** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6538** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6539** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6540** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6541** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6542** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6543** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6544** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6545** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6546**
6547** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6548** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6549** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6550** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6551** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6552**
6553** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6554** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6555** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6556** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6557**
6558** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6559** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6560** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6561** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6562** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6563** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6564** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6565** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6566**
6567** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6568** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6569** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6570**
6571** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6572** returns SQLITE_OK.
6573**
6574** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6575**
6576** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6577** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6578** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6579** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6580** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6581** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6582**
6583** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6584** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6585** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6586** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6587** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6588** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6589** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6590** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6591**
6592** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6593**
6594** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6595** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6596** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6597** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6598** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6599** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6600** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6601**
6602** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6603** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6604** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6605** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6606** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6607** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6608** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6609** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6610** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6611** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6612** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6613** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6614**
6615** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6616**
6617** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6618** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6619** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6620** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6621** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6622** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6623** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6624** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6625** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6626**
6627** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6628** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6629** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6630** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6631** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6632*/
6633int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6634  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6635  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6636  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6637);
6638
6639
6640/*
6641** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6642**
6643** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
6644** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
6645** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
6646** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
6647*/
6648int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
6649int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
6650
6651/*
6652** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
6653**
6654** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
6655** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
6656** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
6657** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
6658**
6659** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
6660** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
6661** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
6662** is considered bad form.
6663**
6664** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
6665**
6666** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
6667** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
6668** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
6669** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
6670** buffer.
6671*/
6672void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
6673
6674/*
6675** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
6676**
6677** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
6678** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
6679** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
6680** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
6681**
6682** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
6683** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
6684** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
6685**
6686** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
6687** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
6688** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
6689** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
6690** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
6691** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
6692** including those that were just committed.
6693**
6694** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
6695** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
6696** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
6697** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6698** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6699** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6700** are undefined.
6701**
6702** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6703** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6704** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6705** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6706** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6707** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6708*/
6709void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6710  sqlite3*,
6711  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6712  void*
6713);
6714
6715/*
6716** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6717**
6718** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6719** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6720** to automatically [checkpoint]
6721** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6722** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6723** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6724** checkpoints entirely.
6725**
6726** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6727** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6728** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6729** configured by this function.
6730**
6731** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6732** from SQL.
6733**
6734** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6735** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
6736** pages.  The use of this interface
6737** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6738** for a particular application.
6739*/
6740int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6741
6742/*
6743** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6744**
6745** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6746** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6747** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6748** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6749** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6750**
6751** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6752** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6753** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6754** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6755**
6756** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6757*/
6758int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6759
6760/*
6761** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6762**
6763** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
6764** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
6765** eMode parameter:
6766**
6767** <dl>
6768** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
6769**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
6770**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
6771**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
6772**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
6773**
6774** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
6775**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
6776**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
6777**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
6778**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6779**   but not database readers.
6780**
6781** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
6782**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
6783**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
6784**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
6785**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
6786**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6787**   but not database readers.
6788** </dl>
6789**
6790** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
6791** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
6792** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
6793** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
6794** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
6795** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
6796** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
6797**
6798** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
6799** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
6800** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
6801** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
6802**
6803** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
6804** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
6805** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
6806** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
6807** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
6808** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
6809** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
6810** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
6811** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
6812** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
6813**
6814** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
6815** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
6816** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
6817** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
6818** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
6819** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
6820** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
6821** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
6822** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
6823** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
6824**
6825** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
6826** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
6827** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
6828** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
6829*/
6830int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
6831  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
6832  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
6833  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
6834  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
6835  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
6836);
6837
6838/*
6839** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
6840**
6841** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
6842** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6843** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
6844** each of these values.
6845*/
6846#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
6847#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
6848#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
6849
6850/*
6851** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
6852**
6853** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
6854** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
6855** various facets of the virtual table interface.
6856**
6857** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
6858** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
6859**
6860** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
6861** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
6862** may be added in the future.
6863*/
6864int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
6865
6866/*
6867** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
6868**
6869** These macros define the various options to the
6870** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
6871** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
6872**
6873** <dl>
6874** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
6875** <dd>Calls of the form
6876** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
6877** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
6878** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
6879** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
6880** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
6881** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
6882** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
6883** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
6884**
6885** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
6886** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
6887** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
6888** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
6889** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
6890** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
6891** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
6892** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
6893** had been ABORT.
6894**
6895** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
6896** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
6897** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
6898** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
6899** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
6900** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
6901** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
6902** constraint handling.
6903** </dl>
6904*/
6905#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
6906
6907/*
6908** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
6909**
6910** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
6911** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
6912** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
6913** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6914** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
6915** [virtual table].
6916*/
6917int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
6918
6919/*
6920** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
6921**
6922** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
6923** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6924** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
6925**
6926** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
6927** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
6928** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
6929*/
6930#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
6931/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
6932#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
6933/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
6934#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
6935
6936
6937
6938/*
6939** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
6940** builds on processors without floating point support.
6941*/
6942#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
6943# undef double
6944#endif
6945
6946#ifdef __cplusplus
6947}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
6948#endif
6949#endif
6950