xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 42829635)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
218** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
219** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
220** sqlite3 object.
221*/
222typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
223
224/*
225** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
226** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
227**
228** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
229** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
230**
231** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
232** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
233** compatibility only.
234**
235** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
236** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
237** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
238** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
239*/
240#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
241  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
242  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
243#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
244  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
245  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
246#else
247  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
248  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
249#endif
250typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
251typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
252
253/*
254** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
255** substitute integer for floating-point.
256*/
257#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
258# define double sqlite3_int64
259#endif
260
261/*
262** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
263**
264** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
265** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
266** successfully destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
267**
268** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
269** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
270** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
271** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
272** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
273** SQLITE_BUSY.
274**
275** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
276** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
277**
278** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
279** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
280** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
281** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
282** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a
283** harmless no-op.
284*/
285int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
286
287/*
288** The type for a callback function.
289** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
290** compatibility and is not documented.
291*/
292typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
293
294/*
295** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
296**
297** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
298** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
299** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
300** without having to use a lot of C code.
301**
302** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
303** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
304** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
305** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
306** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
307** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
308** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
309** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
310** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
311** ignored.
312**
313** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
314** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
315** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
316** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
317** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
318** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
319** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
320** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
321** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
322** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
323** NULL before returning.
324**
325** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
326** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
327** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
328**
329** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
330** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
331** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
332** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
333** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
334** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
335** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
336** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
337** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
338**
339** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
340** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
341** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
342** is not changed.
343**
344** Restrictions:
345**
346** <ul>
347** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
348**      is a valid and open [database connection].
349** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
350**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
351** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
352**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
353** </ul>
354*/
355int sqlite3_exec(
356  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
357  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
358  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
359  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
360  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
361);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
365** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
366** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
367**
368** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
369** here in order to indicate success or failure.
370**
371** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
372**
373** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
374** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
375*/
376#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
377/* beginning-of-error-codes */
378#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
379#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
380#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
381#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
382#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
383#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
384#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
385#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
386#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
387#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
388#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
389#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
390#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
391#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
392#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
393#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
394#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
395#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
396#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
397#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
398#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
399#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
400#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
401#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
402#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
403#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
404#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
405#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
406/* end-of-error-codes */
407
408/*
409** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
410** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
411** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
412**
413** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
414** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
415** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
416** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
417** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
418** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
419** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
420** on a per database connection basis using the
421** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
422**
423** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
424** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
425** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
426** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
427**
428** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
429** be exactly zero.
430*/
431#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
432#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
433#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
434#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
435#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
436#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
437#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
438#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
439#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
440#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
441#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
442#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
453#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
454#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
455#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
456#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
457#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
458#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
459
460/*
461** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
462**
463** These bit values are intended for use in the
464** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
465** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
466*/
467#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
468#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
469#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
470#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
471#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
472#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
473#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
474#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
475#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
476#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
477#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
478#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
479#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
480#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
481#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
482#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
483#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
484#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
485#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
486
487/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
488
489/*
490** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
491**
492** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
493** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
494** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
495** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
496** refers to.
497**
498** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
499** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
500** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
501** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
502** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
503** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
504** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
505** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
506** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
507** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
508** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
509** file that were written at the application level might have changed
510** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
511** guaranteed to be unchanged.
512*/
513#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
514#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
515#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
516#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
517#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
518#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
519#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
520#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
521#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
522#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
523#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
524#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
525#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
526
527/*
528** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
529**
530** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
531** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
532** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
533*/
534#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
535#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
536#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
537#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
538#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
539
540/*
541** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
542**
543** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
544** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
545** these integer values as the second argument.
546**
547** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
548** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
549** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
550** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
551** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
552** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
553**
554** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
555** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
556** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
557** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
558** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
559** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
560** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
561** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
562** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
563** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
564** cares about the difference.)
565*/
566#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
567#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
568#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
569
570/*
571** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
572**
573** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
574** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
575** implementations will
576** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
577** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
578** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
579** I/O operations on the open file.
580*/
581typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
582struct sqlite3_file {
583  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
584};
585
586/*
587** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
588**
589** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
590** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
591** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
592** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
593** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
594**
595** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
596** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
597** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
598** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
599** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
600** to NULL.
601**
602** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
603** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
604** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
605** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
606** and not its inode needs to be synced.
607**
608** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
609** <ul>
610** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
611** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
612** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
613** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
614** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
615** </ul>
616** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
617** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
618** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
619** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
620** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
621**
622** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
623** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
624** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
625** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
626** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
627** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
628** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
629** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
630** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
631** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
632** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
633** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
634** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
635** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
636** recognize.
637**
638** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
639** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
640** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
641** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
642** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
643** underlying device:
644**
645** <ul>
646** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
647** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
648** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
649** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
650** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
651** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
652** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
653** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
654** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
655** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
656** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
657** </ul>
658**
659** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
660** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
661** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
662** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
663** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
664** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
665** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
666** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
667** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
668** to xWrite().
669**
670** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
671** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
672** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
673** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
674** database corruption.
675*/
676typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
677struct sqlite3_io_methods {
678  int iVersion;
679  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
680  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
681  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
682  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
683  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
684  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
685  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
686  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
687  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
688  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
689  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
690  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
691  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
692  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
693  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
694  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
695  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
696  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
697  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
698};
699
700/*
701** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
702**
703** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
704** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
705** interface.
706**
707** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
708** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
709** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
710** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
711** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
712** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
713** is defined.
714**
715** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
716** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
717** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
718** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
719** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
720** file run faster.
721**
722** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
723** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
724** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
725** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
726** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
727** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
728** improve performance on some systems.
729**
730** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
731** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
732** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
733** additional information.
734**
735** ^(The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED] opcode is generated internally by
736** SQLite and sent to all VFSes in place of a call to the xSync method
737** when the database connection has [PRAGMA synchronous] set to OFF.)^
738** Some specialized VFSes need this signal in order to operate correctly
739** when [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] is set, but most
740** VFSes do not need this signal and should silently ignore this opcode.
741** Applications should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this
742** opcode as doing so may disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes
743** that do require it.
744**
745** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
746** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
747** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
748** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
749** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
750** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
751** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
752** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
753** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
754** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
755** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
756** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
757** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
758** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
759** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
760**
761** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
762** persistent [WAL | Write AHead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
763** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
764** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
765** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
766** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
767** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
768** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
769** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
770** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
771** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
772** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
773** WAL persistence setting.
774**
775** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
776** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
777** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
778** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
779** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
780** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
781** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
782** zero-damage mode setting.
783**
784** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
785** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
786** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
787** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
788**
789** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
790** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
791** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
792** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
793** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
794** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
795** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
796** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
797** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
798** is intended for diagnostic use only.
799*/
800#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
801#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
802#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
803#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
804#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
805#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
806#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
807#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
808#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
809#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
810#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
811#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
812#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
813
814/*
815** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
816**
817** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
818** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
819** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
820** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
821**
822** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
823*/
824typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
825
826/*
827** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
828**
829** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
830** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
831** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
832** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
833**
834** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
835** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
836** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
837** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
838** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
839** modified.
840**
841** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
842** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
843** a pathname in this VFS.
844**
845** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
846** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
847** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
848** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
849** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
850** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
851**
852** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
853** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
854** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
855** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
856** object once the object has been registered.
857**
858** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
859** be unique across all VFS modules.
860**
861** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
862** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
863** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
864** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
865** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
866** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
867** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
868** ^SQLite further guarantees that
869** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
870** called. Because of the previous sentence,
871** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
872** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
873** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
874** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
875** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
876** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
877**
878** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
879** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
880** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
881** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
882** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
883** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
884**
885** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
886** call, depending on the object being opened:
887**
888** <ul>
889** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
890** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
891** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
892** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
893** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
894** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
895** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
896** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
897** </ul>)^
898**
899** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
900** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
901** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
902** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
903** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
904** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
905** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
906** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
907**
908** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
909**
910** <ul>
911** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
912** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
913** </ul>
914**
915** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
916** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
917** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
918** databases, and subjournals.
919**
920** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
921** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
922** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
923** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
924** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
925** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
926** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
927** for exclusive access.
928**
929** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
930** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
931** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
932** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
933** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
934** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
935** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
936** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
937** or failure of the xOpen call.
938**
939** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
940** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
941** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
942** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
943** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
944** directory.
945**
946** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
947** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
948** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
949** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
950** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
951** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
952**
953** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
954** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
955** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
956** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
957** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
958** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
959** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
960** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
961** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
962** a floating point value.
963** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
964** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
965** a 24-hour day).
966** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
967** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
968** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
969** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
970**
971** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
972** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
973** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
974** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
975** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
976** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
977** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
978** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
979** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
980** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
981** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
982*/
983typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
984typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
985struct sqlite3_vfs {
986  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
987  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
988  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
989  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
990  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
991  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
992  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
993               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
994  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
995  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
996  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
997  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
998  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
999  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1000  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1001  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1002  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1003  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1004  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1005  /*
1006  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1007  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1008  */
1009  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1010  /*
1011  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1012  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1013  */
1014  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1015  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1016  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1017  /*
1018  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1019  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1020  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1021  */
1022};
1023
1024/*
1025** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1026**
1027** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1028** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1029** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1030** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1031** simply checks whether the file exists.
1032** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1033** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1034** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1035** the directory).
1036** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1037** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1038** release of SQLite.
1039** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1040** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1041** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1042** SQLite.
1043*/
1044#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1045#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1046#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1047
1048/*
1049** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1050**
1051** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1052** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1053** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1054** xShmLock method:
1055**
1056** <ul>
1057** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1058** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1059** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1060** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1061** </ul>
1062**
1063** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1064** was given no the corresponding lock.
1065**
1066** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1067** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1068** and EXCLUSIVE.
1069*/
1070#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1071#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1072#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1073#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1074
1075/*
1076** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1077**
1078** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1079** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1080** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1081** lock outside of this range
1082*/
1083#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1084
1085
1086/*
1087** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1088**
1089** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1090** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1091** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1092** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1093** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1094** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1095**
1096** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1097** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1098** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1099** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1100** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1101** are harmless no-ops.)^
1102**
1103** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1104** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1105** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1106** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1107**
1108** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1109** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1110** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1111** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1112** sqlite3_shutdown().
1113**
1114** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1115** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1116** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1117**
1118** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1119** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1120** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1121** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1122**
1123** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1124** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1125** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1126** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1127** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1128** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1129** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1130** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1131** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1132** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1133** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1134** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1135** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1136** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1137**
1138** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1139** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1140** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1141** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1142** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1143** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1144** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1145**
1146** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1147** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1148** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1149** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1150** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1151** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1152** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1153** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1154** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1155** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1156** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1157** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1158** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1159** failure.
1160*/
1161int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1162int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1163int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1164int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1165
1166/*
1167** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1168**
1169** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1170** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1171** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1172** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1173** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1174**
1175** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1176** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1177** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1178** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1179** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1180** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1181** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1182** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1183** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1184**
1185** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1186** [configuration option] that determines
1187** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1188** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1189** in the first argument.
1190**
1191** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1192** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1193** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1194*/
1195int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1196
1197/*
1198** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1199**
1200** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1201** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1202** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1203** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1204**
1205** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1206** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1207** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1208** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1209**
1210** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1211** the call is considered successful.
1212*/
1213int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1214
1215/*
1216** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1217**
1218** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1219** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1220**
1221** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1222** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1223** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1224** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1225** By creating an instance of this object
1226** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1227** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1228** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1229** dynamic memory needs.
1230**
1231** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1232** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1233** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1234** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1235** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1236** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1237** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1238** conditions.
1239**
1240** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1241** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1242** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1243** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1244**
1245** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1246** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1247** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1248**
1249** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1250** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1251** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1252** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1253** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1254** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1255** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1256**
1257** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1258** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1259** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1260** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1261** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1262** xInit and xShutdown.
1263**
1264** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1265** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1266** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1267** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1268** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1269** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1270** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1271** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1272** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1273** serialization.
1274**
1275** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1276** call to xShutdown().
1277*/
1278typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1279struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1280  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1281  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1282  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1283  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1284  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1285  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1286  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1287  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1288};
1289
1290/*
1291** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1292** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1293**
1294** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1295** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1296**
1297** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1298** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1299** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1300** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1301** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1302** is invoked.
1303**
1304** <dl>
1305** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1306** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1307** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1308** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1309** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1310** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1311** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1312** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1313** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1314** configuration option.</dd>
1315**
1316** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1317** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1318** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1319** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1320** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1321** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1322** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1323** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1324** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1325** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1326** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1327** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1328** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1329**
1330** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1331** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1332** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1333** all mutexes including the recursive
1334** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1335** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1336** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1337** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1338** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1339** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1340** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1341** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1342** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1343** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1344** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1345**
1346** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1347** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1348** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1349** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1350** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1351** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1352** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1353**
1354** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1355** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1356** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1357** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1358** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1359** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1360** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1361**
1362** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1363** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1364** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1365** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1366** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1367**   <ul>
1368**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1369**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1370**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1371**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1372**   </ul>)^
1373** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1374** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1375** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1376** </dd>
1377**
1378** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1379** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1380** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1381** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1382** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1383** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1384** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1385** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1386** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1387** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1388** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1389** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1390** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1391** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1392** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1393**
1394** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1395** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1396** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1397** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1398** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1399** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1400** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1401** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1402** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1403** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1404** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1405** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1406** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1407** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1408** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1409** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1410** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1411** The pointer in the first argument must
1412** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1413** will be undefined.</dd>
1414**
1415** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1416** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1417** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1418** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1419** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1420** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1421** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1422** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1423** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1424** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1425** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1426** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1427** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1428** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1429** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1430** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1431**
1432** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1433** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1434** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1435** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1436** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1437** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1438** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1439** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1440** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1441** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1442** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1443**
1444** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1445** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1446** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1447** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1448** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1449** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1450** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1451** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1452** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1453** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1454** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1455** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1456**
1457** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1458** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1459** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1460** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1461** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1462** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1463** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1464** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1465** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1466**
1467** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1468** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1469** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1470** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1471** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1472**
1473** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1474** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1475** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1476** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1477**
1478** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1479** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1480** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1481** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1482** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1483** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1484** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1485** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1486** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1487** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1488** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1489** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1490** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1491** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1492** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1493** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1494** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1495**
1496** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1497** <dd> This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1498** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1499** is globally disabled. If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1500** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1501** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1502** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1503** connection is opened. If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1504** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1505** database connection is opened. By default, URI handling is globally
1506** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1507** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.
1508**
1509** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1510** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFNIG_GETPCACHE
1511** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1512** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1513** </dl>
1514*/
1515#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1516#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1517#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1518#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1519#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1520#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1521#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1522#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1523#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1524#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1525#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1526/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1527#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1528#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1529#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1530#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1531#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1532#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1533#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1534
1535/*
1536** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1537**
1538** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1539** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1540**
1541** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1542** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1543** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1544** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1545** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1546** is invoked.
1547**
1548** <dl>
1549** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1550** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1551** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1552** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1553** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1554** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1555** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1556** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1557** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1558** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1559** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1560** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1561** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1562** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1563** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1564** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1565** when the "current value" returned by
1566** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1567** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1568** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1569** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1570**
1571** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1572** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1573** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1574** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1575** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1576** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1577** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1578** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1579** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1580**
1581** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1582** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1583** There should be two additional arguments.
1584** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1585** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1586** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1587** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1588** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1589** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1590**
1591** </dl>
1592*/
1593#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1594#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1595#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1596
1597
1598/*
1599** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1600**
1601** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1602** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1603** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1604*/
1605int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1606
1607/*
1608** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1609**
1610** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1611** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1612** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1613** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1614** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1615** is another alias for the rowid.
1616**
1617** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1618** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1619** in the first argument.  ^As of SQLite version 3.7.7, this routines
1620** records the last insert rowid of both ordinary tables and [virtual tables].
1621** ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1622** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1623**
1624** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1625** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1626** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1627** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1628** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1629** table method began.)^
1630**
1631** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1632** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1633** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1634** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1635** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1636** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1637** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1638** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1639** the return value of this interface.)^
1640**
1641** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1642** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1643**
1644** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1645** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1646**
1647** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1648** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1649** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1650** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1651** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1652** last insert [rowid].
1653*/
1654sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1655
1656/*
1657** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1658**
1659** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1660** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1661** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1662** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1663** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1664** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1665** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1666** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1667**
1668** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1669** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1670**
1671** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1672** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1673** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1674** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1675** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1676**
1677** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1678** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1679** Most SQL statements are
1680** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1681** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1682** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1683** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1684**
1685** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1686** not create a new trigger context.
1687**
1688** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1689** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1690** trigger context.
1691**
1692** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1693** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1694** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1695** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1696** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1697** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1698** However, the number returned does not include changes
1699** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1700**
1701** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1702** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1703**
1704** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1705** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1706** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1707*/
1708int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1709
1710/*
1711** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1712**
1713** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1714** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1715** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1716** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1717** [foreign key actions]. However,
1718** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1719** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1720** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1721** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1722** are counted.)^
1723** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1724** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1725** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1726**
1727** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1728** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1729**
1730** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1731** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1732** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1733*/
1734int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1735
1736/*
1737** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1738**
1739** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1740** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1741** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1742** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1743** immediately.
1744**
1745** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1746** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1747** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1748** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1749**
1750** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1751** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1752** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1753**
1754** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1755** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1756** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1757** will be rolled back automatically.
1758**
1759** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1760** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1761** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1762** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1763** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1764** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1765** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1766** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1767** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1768** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1769**
1770** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1771** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1772*/
1773void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1774
1775/*
1776** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1777**
1778** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1779** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1780** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1781** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1782** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1783** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1784** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1785** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1786** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1787** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1788** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1789**
1790** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1791** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1792**
1793** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1794** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1795**
1796** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1797** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1798** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1799** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1800** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1801**
1802** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1803** UTF-8 string.
1804**
1805** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1806** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1807*/
1808int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1809int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1810
1811/*
1812** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1813**
1814** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1815** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1816** or process has locked.
1817**
1818** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1819** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1820** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1821**
1822** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1823** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1824** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1825** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1826** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1827** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1828** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1829** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1830**
1831** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1832** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1833** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1834** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1835** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1836** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1837** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1838** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1839** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1840** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1841** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1842** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1843** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1844** the second process to proceed.
1845**
1846** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1847**
1848** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1849** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1850** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1851** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1852** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1853** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1854** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1855** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1856** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1857** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1858** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1859** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1860** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1861** this is important.
1862**
1863** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1864** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1865** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1866** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1867**
1868** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1869** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1870** result in undefined behavior.
1871**
1872** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1873** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1874*/
1875int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1876
1877/*
1878** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1879**
1880** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1881** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1882** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1883** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1884** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1885** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1886**
1887** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1888** turns off all busy handlers.
1889**
1890** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1891** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1892** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1893** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1894*/
1895int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1896
1897/*
1898** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1899**
1900** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
1901** Use of this interface is not recommended.
1902**
1903** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1904** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1905** complete query results from one or more queries.
1906**
1907** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1908** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1909** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1910** and M be the number of columns.
1911**
1912** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1913** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1914** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1915** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1916** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1917** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
1918**
1919** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
1920** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1921** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1922**
1923** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1924** is as follows:
1925**
1926** <blockquote><pre>
1927**        Name        | Age
1928**        -----------------------
1929**        Alice       | 43
1930**        Bob         | 28
1931**        Cindy       | 21
1932** </pre></blockquote>
1933**
1934** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1935** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1936** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1937**
1938** <blockquote><pre>
1939**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1940**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1941**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1942**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1943**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
1944**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
1945**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
1946**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
1947** </pre></blockquote>)^
1948**
1949** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
1950** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
1951** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
1952** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
1953**
1954** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
1955** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
1956** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
1957** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
1958** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
1959** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
1960**
1961** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
1962** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
1963** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
1964** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
1965** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
1966** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
1967** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
1968*/
1969int sqlite3_get_table(
1970  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
1971  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
1972  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
1973  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
1974  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
1975  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
1976);
1977void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
1978
1979/*
1980** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
1981**
1982** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
1983** from the standard C library.
1984**
1985** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
1986** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
1987** The strings returned by these two routines should be
1988** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
1989** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
1990** memory to hold the resulting string.
1991**
1992** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
1993** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
1994** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
1995** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
1996** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
1997** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
1998** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
1999** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2000** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2001** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2002** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2003** now without breaking compatibility.
2004**
2005** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2006** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2007** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2008** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2009** written will be n-1 characters.
2010**
2011** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2012**
2013** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2014** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2015** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2016** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2017**
2018** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2019** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2020** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2021** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2022** the string.
2023**
2024** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2025**
2026** <blockquote><pre>
2027**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2028** </pre></blockquote>
2029**
2030** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2031**
2032** <blockquote><pre>
2033**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2034**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2035**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2036** </pre></blockquote>
2037**
2038** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2039** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2040**
2041** <blockquote><pre>
2042**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2043** </pre></blockquote>
2044**
2045** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2046** would have looked like this:
2047**
2048** <blockquote><pre>
2049**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2050** </pre></blockquote>
2051**
2052** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2053** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2054**
2055** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2056** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2057** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2058** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2059**
2060** <blockquote><pre>
2061**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2062**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2063**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2064** </pre></blockquote>
2065**
2066** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2067** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2068**
2069** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2070** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2071** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2072*/
2073char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2074char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2075char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2076char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2077
2078/*
2079** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2080**
2081** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2082** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2083** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2084** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2085**
2086** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2087** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2088** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2089** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2090** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2091** a NULL pointer.
2092**
2093** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2094** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2095** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2096** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2097** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2098** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2099** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2100** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2101** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2102** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2103**
2104** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2105** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2106** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2107** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2108** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2109** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2110** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2111** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2112** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2113** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2114** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2115** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2116** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2117** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2118** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2119** is not freed.
2120**
2121** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2122** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2123** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2124** option is used.
2125**
2126** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2127** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2128** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2129** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2130**
2131** The Windows OS interface layer calls
2132** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2133** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2134** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2135** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
2136** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2137** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2138**
2139** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2140** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2141** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2142** not yet been released.
2143**
2144** The application must not read or write any part of
2145** a block of memory after it has been released using
2146** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2147*/
2148void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2149void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2150void sqlite3_free(void*);
2151
2152/*
2153** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2154**
2155** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2156** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2157** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2158**
2159** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2160** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2161** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2162** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2163** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2164** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2165** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2166** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2167** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2168**
2169** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2170** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2171** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2172** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2173** prior to the reset.
2174*/
2175sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2176sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2177
2178/*
2179** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2180**
2181** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2182** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2183** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2184** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2185** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2186**
2187** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2188**
2189** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2190** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2191** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2192** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2193** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2194** method.
2195*/
2196void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2197
2198/*
2199** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2200**
2201** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2202** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2203** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2204** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2205** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2206** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2207** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2208** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2209** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2210** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2211** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2212** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2213** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2214** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2215** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2216**
2217** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2218** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2220** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2221** access is denied.
2222**
2223** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2224** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2225** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2226** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2227** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2228** details about the action to be authorized.
2229**
2230** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2231** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2232** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2233** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2234** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2235** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2236** columns of a table.
2237** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2238** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2239** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2240**
2241** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2242** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2243** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2244** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2245** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2246** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2247** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2248** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2249** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2250** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2251**
2252** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2253** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2254** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2255** in addition to using an authorizer.
2256**
2257** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2258** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2259** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2260** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2261**
2262** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2263** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2264** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2265** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2266**
2267** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2268** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2269** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2270** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2271**
2272** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2273** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2274** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2275** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2276** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2277*/
2278int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2279  sqlite3*,
2280  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2281  void *pUserData
2282);
2283
2284/*
2285** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2286**
2287** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2288** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2289** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2290** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2291** information.
2292**
2293** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2294** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2295*/
2296#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2297#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2298
2299/*
2300** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2301**
2302** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2303** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2304** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2305** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2306** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2307**
2308** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2309** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2310** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2311** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2312** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2313** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2314** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2315** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2316** top-level SQL code.
2317*/
2318/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2319#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2320#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2321#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2322#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2323#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2324#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2325#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2326#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2327#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2328#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2329#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2330#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2331#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2332#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2333#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2334#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2335#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2336#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2337#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2338#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2339#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2340#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2341#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2342#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2343#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2344#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2345#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2346#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2347#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2348#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2349#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2350#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2351#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2352
2353/*
2354** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2355**
2356** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2357** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2358**
2359** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2360** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2361** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2362** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2363** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2364** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2365** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2366**
2367** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2368** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2369** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2370** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2371** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2372** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2373** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2374** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2375** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2376** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2377*/
2378void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2379SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2380   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2381
2382/*
2383** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2384**
2385** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2386** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2387** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2388** database connection D.  An example use for this
2389** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2390**
2391** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2392** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2393** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2394** invocations of the callback X.
2395**
2396** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2397** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2398** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2399** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2400** than 1.
2401**
2402** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2403** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2404** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2405**
2406** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2407** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2408** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2409** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2410**
2411*/
2412void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2413
2414/*
2415** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2416**
2417** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2418** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2419** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2420** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2421** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2422** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2423** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2424** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2425** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2426** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2427** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2428** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2429**
2430** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2431** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2432** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2433**
2434** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2435** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2436** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2437**
2438** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2439** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2440** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2441** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2442** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2443** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2444** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2445**
2446** <dl>
2447** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2448** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2449** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2450**
2451** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2452** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2453** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2454** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2455**
2456** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2457** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2458** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2459** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2460** </dl>
2461**
2462** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2463** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2464** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2465** then the behavior is undefined.
2466**
2467** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2468** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2469** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2470** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2471** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2472** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2473** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2474** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2475** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2476** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2477** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2478**
2479** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2480** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2481** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2482** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2483**
2484** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2485** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2486** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2487** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2488** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2489** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2490** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2491**
2492** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2493** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2494** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2495**
2496** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2497**
2498** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2499** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2500** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2501** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2502** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2503** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2504** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2505** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2506** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2507** information.
2508**
2509** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2510** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2511** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2512** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2513** present, is ignored.
2514**
2515** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2516** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2517** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2518** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2519** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2520** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2521** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2522**
2523** [[core URI query parameters]]
2524** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2525** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2526** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2527**
2528** <ul>
2529**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2530**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2531**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2532**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2533**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2534**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2535**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2536**
2537**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw" or
2538**     "rwc". Attempting to set it to any other value is an error)^.
2539**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2540**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2541**     third argument to sqlite3_prepare_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2542**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2543**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2544**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2545**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is
2546**     used, it is an error to specify a value for the mode parameter that is
2547**     less restrictive than that specified by the flags passed as the third
2548**     parameter.
2549**
2550**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2551**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2552**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2553**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2554**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2555**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2556**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behaviour requested by setting
2557**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2558** </ul>
2559**
2560** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2561** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2562** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2563** additional information.
2564**
2565** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2566**
2567** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2568** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2569** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2570**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2571** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2572**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2573**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2574**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2575** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2576**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2577** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2578**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2579**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2580**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2581**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2582**          in URI filenames.
2583** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2584**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2585**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2586**          default, use a private cache.
2587** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2588**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2589** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2590**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2591** </table>
2592**
2593** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2594** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2595** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2596** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2597** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2598** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2599** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2600** the results are undefined.
2601**
2602** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2603** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2604** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2605** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2606** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2607*/
2608int sqlite3_open(
2609  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2610  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2611);
2612int sqlite3_open16(
2613  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2614  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2615);
2616int sqlite3_open_v2(
2617  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2618  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2619  int flags,              /* Flags */
2620  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2621);
2622
2623/*
2624** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2625**
2626** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2627** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2628** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2629**
2630** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2631** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2632** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2633** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2634** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2635** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2636** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2637** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2638** a pointer to an empty string.
2639**
2640** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2641** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2642** of P.  The value of P is true if it is "yes" or "true" or "on" or
2643** a non-zero number and is false otherwise.  If P is not a query parameter
2644** on F then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2645**
2646** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2647** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2648** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2649** zero is returned.
2650**
2651** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2652** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2653** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2654** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2655** undesirable.
2656*/
2657const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2658int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2659sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2660
2661
2662/*
2663** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2664**
2665** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2666** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2667** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2668** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2669** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2670** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2671** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2672** disabled.
2673**
2674** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2675** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2676** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2677** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2678** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2679** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2680**
2681** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2682** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2683** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2684** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2685** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2686** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2687** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2688** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2689** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2690**
2691** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2692** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2693** error code and message may or may not be set.
2694*/
2695int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2696int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2697const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2698const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2699
2700/*
2701** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2702** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2703**
2704** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2705** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2706** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2707**
2708** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2709**
2710** <ol>
2711** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2712**      function.
2713** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2714**      interfaces.
2715** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2716** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2717**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2718** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2719** </ol>
2720**
2721** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2722** information.
2723*/
2724typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2725
2726/*
2727** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2728**
2729** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2730** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2731** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2732** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2733** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2734** new limit for that construct.)^
2735**
2736** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2737** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2738** [limits | hard upper bound]
2739** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2740** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2741** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2742** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2743** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2744**
2745** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2746** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2747** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2748** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2749**
2750** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2751** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2752** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2753** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2754** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2755** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2756** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2757** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2758** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2759** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2760** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2761** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2762**
2763** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2764*/
2765int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2766
2767/*
2768** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2769** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2770**
2771** These constants define various performance limits
2772** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2773** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2774** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2775**
2776** <dl>
2777** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2778** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2779**
2780** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2781** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2782**
2783** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2784** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2785** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2786** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2787**
2788** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2789** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2790**
2791** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2792** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2793**
2794** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2795** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2796** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2797** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2798** SQLite.</dd>)^
2799**
2800** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2801** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2802**
2803** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2804** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2805**
2806** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
2807** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2808** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2809** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2810**
2811** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
2812** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2813** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2814**
2815** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2816** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2817** </dl>
2818*/
2819#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2820#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2821#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2822#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2823#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2824#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2825#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2826#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2827#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2828#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2829#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2830
2831/*
2832** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2833** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2834**
2835** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2836** program using one of these routines.
2837**
2838** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2839** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2840** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2841**
2842** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2843** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2844** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2845** use UTF-16.
2846**
2847** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2848** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2849** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2850** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2851** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2852** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2853** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2854** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2855** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
2856** make a copy of the input string.
2857**
2858** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2859** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2860** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2861** what remains uncompiled.
2862**
2863** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2864** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2865** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2866** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2867** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2868** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2869** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2870**
2871** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2872** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2873**
2874** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2875** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2876** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2877** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2878** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2879** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2880** behave differently in three ways:
2881**
2882** <ol>
2883** <li>
2884** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2885** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2886** statement and try to run it again.
2887** </li>
2888**
2889** <li>
2890** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2891** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
2892** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2893** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
2894** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2895** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2896** </li>
2897**
2898** <li>
2899** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
2900** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
2901** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
2902** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
2903** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
2904** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
2905** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
2906** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
2907** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
2908** the
2909** </li>
2910** </ol>
2911*/
2912int sqlite3_prepare(
2913  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2914  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2915  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2916  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2917  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2918);
2919int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2920  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2921  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2922  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2923  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2924  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2925);
2926int sqlite3_prepare16(
2927  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2928  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2929  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2930  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2931  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2932);
2933int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2934  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2935  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2936  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2937  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2938  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2939);
2940
2941/*
2942** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
2943**
2944** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
2945** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
2946** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2947*/
2948const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2949
2950/*
2951** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
2952**
2953** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
2954** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
2955** the content of the database file.
2956**
2957** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
2958** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
2959** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
2960** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
2961** change the database file through side-effects:
2962**
2963** <blockquote><pre>
2964**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
2965** </pre></blockquote>
2966**
2967** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
2968** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
2969**
2970** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
2971** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
2972** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
2973** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
2974** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
2975** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
2976** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
2977** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
2978*/
2979int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2980
2981/*
2982** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
2983**
2984** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
2985** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
2986** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
2987** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
2988** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
2989** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
2990** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
2991**
2992** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
2993** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
2994** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
2995** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
2996** statements that are holding a transaction open.
2997*/
2998int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
2999
3000/*
3001** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3002** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3003**
3004** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3005** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3006** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3007** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3008**
3009** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3010** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3011** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3012** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3013** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3014**
3015** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3016** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3017** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3018** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3019** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3020** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3021** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3022** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3023** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3024** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3025** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3026** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3027**
3028** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3029** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3030** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3031** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3032** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3033** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3034** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3035** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3036*/
3037typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3038
3039/*
3040** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3041**
3042** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3043** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3044** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3045** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3046** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3047** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3048** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3049** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3050*/
3051typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3052
3053/*
3054** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3055** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3056** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3057**
3058** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3059** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3060** templates:
3061**
3062** <ul>
3063** <li>  ?
3064** <li>  ?NNN
3065** <li>  :VVV
3066** <li>  @VVV
3067** <li>  $VVV
3068** </ul>
3069**
3070** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3071** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3072** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3073** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3074**
3075** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3076** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3077** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3078**
3079** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3080** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3081** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3082** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3083** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3084** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3085** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3086** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3087** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3088**
3089** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3090**
3091** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3092** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3093** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3094** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
3095** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3096** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3097** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3098** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3099** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3100** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3101** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3102** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3103**
3104** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3105** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3106** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3107** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3108** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3109** ^If the fifth argument is
3110** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3111** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3112** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3113** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3114** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3115**
3116** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3117** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3118** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3119** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3120** content is later written using
3121** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3122** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3123**
3124** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3125** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3126** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3127** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3128** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3129** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3130**
3131** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3132** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3133**
3134** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3135** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3136** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3137** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3138**
3139** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3140** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3141*/
3142int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3143int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3144int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3145int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3146int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3147int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3148int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3149int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3150int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3151
3152/*
3153** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3154**
3155** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3156** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3157** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3158** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3159** to the parameters at a later time.
3160**
3161** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3162** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3163** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3164** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3165**
3166** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3167** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3168** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3169*/
3170int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3171
3172/*
3173** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3174**
3175** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3176** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3177** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3178** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3179** respectively.
3180** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3181** is included as part of the name.)^
3182** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3183** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3184**
3185** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3186**
3187** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3188** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3189** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3190** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3191** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3192**
3193** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3194** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3195** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3196*/
3197const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3198
3199/*
3200** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3201**
3202** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3203** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3204** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3205** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3206** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3207** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3208**
3209** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3210** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3211** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3212*/
3213int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3214
3215/*
3216** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3217**
3218** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3219** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3220** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3221*/
3222int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3223
3224/*
3225** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3226**
3227** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3228** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3229** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3230**
3231** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3232*/
3233int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3234
3235/*
3236** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3237**
3238** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3239** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3240** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3241** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3242** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3243** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3244** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3245**
3246** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3247** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3248** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3249** or until the next call to
3250** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3251**
3252** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3253** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3254** NULL pointer is returned.
3255**
3256** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3257** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3258** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3259** one release of SQLite to the next.
3260*/
3261const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3262const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3263
3264/*
3265** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3266**
3267** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3268** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3269** [SELECT] statement.
3270** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3271** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3272** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3273** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3274** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3275** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3276** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3277** or until the same information is requested
3278** again in a different encoding.
3279**
3280** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3281** database, table, and column.
3282**
3283** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3284** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3285** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3286** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3287**
3288** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3289** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3290** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3291** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3292** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3293**
3294** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3295** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3296**
3297** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3298** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3299**
3300** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3301** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3302** undefined.
3303**
3304** If two or more threads call one or more
3305** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3306** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3307** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3308*/
3309const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3310const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3311const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3312const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3313const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3314const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3315
3316/*
3317** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3318**
3319** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3320** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3321** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3322** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3323** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3324** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3325** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3326**
3327** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3328**
3329** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3330**
3331** and the following statement to be compiled:
3332**
3333** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3334**
3335** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3336** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3337**
3338** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3339** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3340** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3341** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3342** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3343** used to hold those values.
3344*/
3345const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3346const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3347
3348/*
3349** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3350**
3351** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3352** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3353** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3354** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3355**
3356** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3357** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3358** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3359** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3360** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3361** interface will continue to be supported.
3362**
3363** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3364** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3365** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3366** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3367**
3368** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3369** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3370** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3371** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3372** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3373** continuing.
3374**
3375** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3376** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3377** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3378** machine back to its initial state.
3379**
3380** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3381** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3382** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3383** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3384**
3385** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3386** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3387** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3388** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3389** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3390** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3391** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3392** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3393**
3394** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3395** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3396** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3397** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3398** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3399** more threads at the same moment in time.
3400**
3401** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3402** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3403** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3404** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3405** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3406** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3407** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3408** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3409** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3410** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3411** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3412**
3413** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3414** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3415** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3416** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3417** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3418** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3419** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3420** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3421** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3422** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3423** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3424*/
3425int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3426
3427/*
3428** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3429**
3430** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3431** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3432** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3433** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3434** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3435** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3436** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3437** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3438** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3439** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3440** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3441** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3442**
3443** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3444*/
3445int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3446
3447/*
3448** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3449** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3450**
3451** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3452**
3453** <ul>
3454** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3455** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3456** <li> string
3457** <li> BLOB
3458** <li> NULL
3459** </ul>)^
3460**
3461** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3462**
3463** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3464** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3465** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3466** SQLITE_TEXT.
3467*/
3468#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3469#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3470#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3471#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3472#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3473# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3474#else
3475# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3476#endif
3477#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3478
3479/*
3480** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3481** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3482**
3483** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3484**
3485** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3486** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3487** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3488** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3489** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3490** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3491** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3492** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3493**
3494** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3495** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3496** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3497** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3498** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3499** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3500** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3501** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3502** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3503** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3504** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3505**
3506** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3507** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3508** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3509** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3510** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3511** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3512** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3513** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3514** following a type conversion.
3515**
3516** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3517** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3518** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3519** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3520** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3521** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3522** the number of bytes in that string.
3523** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3524**
3525** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3526** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3527** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3528** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3529** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3530** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3531** the number of bytes in that string.
3532** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3533**
3534** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3535** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3536** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3537** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3538** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3539**
3540** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3541** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3542** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3543**
3544** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3545** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3546** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3547** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3548** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3549** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3550** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3551**
3552** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3553** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3554** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3555** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3556** that are applied:
3557**
3558** <blockquote>
3559** <table border="1">
3560** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3561**
3562** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3563** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3564** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3565** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3566** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3567** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3568** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3569** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3570** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3571** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3572** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3573** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3574** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3575** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3576** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3577** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3578** </table>
3579** </blockquote>)^
3580**
3581** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3582** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3583** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3584** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3585** C programmers.
3586**
3587** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3588** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3589** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3590** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3591** in the following cases:
3592**
3593** <ul>
3594** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3595**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3596**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3597** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3598**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3599**      to UTF-16.</li>
3600** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3601**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3602**      to UTF-8.</li>
3603** </ul>
3604**
3605** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3606** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3607** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3608** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3609** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3610**
3611** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3612** in one of the following ways:
3613**
3614** <ul>
3615**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3616**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3617**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3618** </ul>
3619**
3620** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3621** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3622** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3623** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3624** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3625** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3626** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3627**
3628** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3629** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3630** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3631** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3632** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3633** [sqlite3_free()].
3634**
3635** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3636** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3637** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3638** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3639** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3640*/
3641const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3642int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3643int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3644double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3645int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3646sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3647const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3648const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3649int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3650sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3651
3652/*
3653** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3654**
3655** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3656** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3657** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3658** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3659** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3660** [extended error code].
3661**
3662** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3663** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3664** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3665** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3666** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3667** completed execution.
3668**
3669** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3670**
3671** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3672** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3673** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3674** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3675** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3676*/
3677int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3678
3679/*
3680** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3681**
3682** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3683** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3684** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3685** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3686** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3687**
3688** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3689** back to the beginning of its program.
3690**
3691** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3692** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3693** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3694** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3695**
3696** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3697** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3698** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3699**
3700** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3701** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3702*/
3703int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3704
3705/*
3706** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3707** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3708** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3709** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3710**
3711** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3712** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3713** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3714** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3715** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3716** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3717** the application data pointer.
3718**
3719** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3720** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3721** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3722** to each database connection separately.
3723**
3724** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3725** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3726** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3727** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3728** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3729** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3730**
3731** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3732** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3733** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3734** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3735** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3736** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3737** undefined.
3738**
3739** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3740** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3741** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3742** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3743** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3744** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3745** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3746** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3747** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3748** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3749** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3750**
3751** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3752** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3753**
3754** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3755** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3756** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3757** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3758** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3759** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3760** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
3761** callbacks.
3762**
3763** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3764** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
3765** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3766** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
3767** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
3768** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
3769** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3770** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
3771** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3772**
3773** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3774** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3775** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3776** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3777** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3778** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3779** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3780** matches the database encoding is a better
3781** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3782** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3783** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3784** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3785**
3786** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3787**
3788** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3789** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3790** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3791** statement in which the function is running.
3792*/
3793int sqlite3_create_function(
3794  sqlite3 *db,
3795  const char *zFunctionName,
3796  int nArg,
3797  int eTextRep,
3798  void *pApp,
3799  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3800  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3801  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3802);
3803int sqlite3_create_function16(
3804  sqlite3 *db,
3805  const void *zFunctionName,
3806  int nArg,
3807  int eTextRep,
3808  void *pApp,
3809  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3810  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3811  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3812);
3813int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3814  sqlite3 *db,
3815  const char *zFunctionName,
3816  int nArg,
3817  int eTextRep,
3818  void *pApp,
3819  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3820  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3821  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3822  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3823);
3824
3825/*
3826** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3827**
3828** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3829** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3830*/
3831#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3832#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3833#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3834#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3835#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3836#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3837
3838/*
3839** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3840** DEPRECATED
3841**
3842** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3843** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3844** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3845** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3846** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3847*/
3848#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3849SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3850SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3851SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3852SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3853SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3854SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3855#endif
3856
3857/*
3858** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3859**
3860** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3861** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3862** the function or aggregate.
3863**
3864** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3865** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3866** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3867** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3868** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3869** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3870** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3871**
3872** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3873** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3874** object results in undefined behavior.
3875**
3876** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3877** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3878** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3879**
3880** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3881** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
3882** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3883** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3884**
3885** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3886** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3887** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3888** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3889** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3890** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3891** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
3892**
3893** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3894** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3895** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3896** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3897** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3898**
3899** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3900** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3901*/
3902const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3903int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3904int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3905double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3906int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3907sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3908const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3909const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3910const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3911const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3912int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3913int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3914
3915/*
3916** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
3917**
3918** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
3919** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
3920**
3921** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
3922** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
3923** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
3924** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
3925** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
3926** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
3927** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
3928** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
3929** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
3930** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
3931** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
3932** first time from within xFinal().)^
3933**
3934** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
3935** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
3936**
3937** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
3938** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
3939** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
3940** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
3941** allocation.)^
3942**
3943** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
3944** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
3945**
3946** The first parameter must be a copy of the
3947** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
3948** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
3949** function.
3950**
3951** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3952** the aggregate SQL function is running.
3953*/
3954void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
3955
3956/*
3957** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
3958**
3959** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
3960** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
3961** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3962** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3963** registered the application defined function.
3964**
3965** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3966** the application-defined function is running.
3967*/
3968void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
3969
3970/*
3971** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
3972**
3973** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
3974** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
3975** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3976** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3977** registered the application defined function.
3978*/
3979sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
3980
3981/*
3982** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
3983**
3984** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
3985** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
3986** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
3987** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
3988** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
3989** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
3990** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
3991** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
3992** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
3993** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
3994**
3995** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
3996** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
3997** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
3998** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
3999** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
4000** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
4001**
4002** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
4003** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
4004** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
4005** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
4006** not been destroyed.
4007** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
4008** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
4009** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
4010** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
4011**
4012** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
4013** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
4014** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
4015**
4016** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4017** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
4018** values and [parameters].)^
4019**
4020** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4021** the SQL function is running.
4022*/
4023void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4024void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4025
4026
4027/*
4028** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4029**
4030** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4031** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4032** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4033** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4034** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4035** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4036** the content before returning.
4037**
4038** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4039** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
4040*/
4041typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4042#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4043#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4044
4045/*
4046** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4047**
4048** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4049** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4050** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4051** for additional information.
4052**
4053** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4054** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4055** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4056**
4057** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4058** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4059** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4060** third parameter.
4061**
4062** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4063** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4064** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4065**
4066** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4067** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4068** by its 2nd argument.
4069**
4070** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4071** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4072** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4073** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4074** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4075** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4076** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4077** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4078** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4079** message all text up through the first zero character.
4080** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4081** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4082** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4083** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4084** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4085** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4086** modify the text after they return without harm.
4087** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4088** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4089** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4090** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4091**
4092** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4093** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4094**
4095** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4096** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4097**
4098** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4099** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4100** value given in the 2nd argument.
4101** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4102** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4103** value given in the 2nd argument.
4104**
4105** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4106** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4107**
4108** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4109** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4110** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4111** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4112** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4113** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4114** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4115** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4116** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4117** through the first zero character.
4118** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4119** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4120** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4121** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4122** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4123** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4124** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4125** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4126** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4127** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4128** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4129** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4130** finished using that result.
4131** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4132** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4133** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4134** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4135** when it has finished using that result.
4136** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4137** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4138** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4139** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4140**
4141** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4142** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4143** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4144** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4145** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4146** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4147** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4148** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4149** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4150**
4151** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4152** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4153** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4154*/
4155void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4156void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4157void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4158void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4159void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4160void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4161void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4162void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4163void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4164void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4165void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4166void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4167void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4168void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4169void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4170void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4171
4172/*
4173** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4174**
4175** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4176** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4177**
4178** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4179** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4180** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4181** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4182** considered to be the same name.
4183**
4184** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4185** <ul>
4186** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4187** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4188** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4189** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4190** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4191** </ul>)^
4192** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4193** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4194** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4195** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4196** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4197** on an even byte address.
4198**
4199** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4200** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4201**
4202** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4203** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4204** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4205** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4206** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4207** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4208** that collation is no longer usable.
4209**
4210** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4211** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4212** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4213** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4214** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4215** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4216** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4217** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4218** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4219** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4220** strings A, B, and C:
4221**
4222** <ol>
4223** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4224** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4225** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4226** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4227** </ol>
4228**
4229** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4230** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4231** is undefined.
4232**
4233** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4234** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4235** the collating function is deleted.
4236** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4237** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4238** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4239**
4240** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4241** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4242** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4243** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4244** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4245** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4246** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4247** compatibility.
4248**
4249** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4250*/
4251int sqlite3_create_collation(
4252  sqlite3*,
4253  const char *zName,
4254  int eTextRep,
4255  void *pArg,
4256  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4257);
4258int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4259  sqlite3*,
4260  const char *zName,
4261  int eTextRep,
4262  void *pArg,
4263  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4264  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4265);
4266int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4267  sqlite3*,
4268  const void *zName,
4269  int eTextRep,
4270  void *pArg,
4271  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4272);
4273
4274/*
4275** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4276**
4277** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4278** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4279** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4280** sequence is required.
4281**
4282** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4283** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4284** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4285** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4286** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4287**
4288** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4289** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4290** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4291** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4292** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4293** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4294** required collation sequence.)^
4295**
4296** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4297** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4298** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4299*/
4300int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4301  sqlite3*,
4302  void*,
4303  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4304);
4305int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4306  sqlite3*,
4307  void*,
4308  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4309);
4310
4311#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4312/*
4313** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4314** called right after sqlite3_open().
4315**
4316** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4317** of SQLite.
4318*/
4319int sqlite3_key(
4320  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4321  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4322);
4323
4324/*
4325** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4326** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4327** database is decrypted.
4328**
4329** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4330** of SQLite.
4331*/
4332int sqlite3_rekey(
4333  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4334  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4335);
4336
4337/*
4338** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4339** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4340*/
4341void sqlite3_activate_see(
4342  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4343);
4344#endif
4345
4346#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4347/*
4348** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4349** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4350*/
4351void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4352  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4353);
4354#endif
4355
4356/*
4357** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4358**
4359** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4360** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4361**
4362** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4363** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4364** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4365** requested from the operating system is returned.
4366**
4367** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4368** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4369** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4370** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4371** in the previous paragraphs.
4372*/
4373int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4374
4375/*
4376** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4377**
4378** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4379** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4380** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4381** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4382** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4383** temporary file directory.
4384**
4385** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4386** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4387** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4388** thread.
4389** It is intended that this variable be set once
4390** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4391** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4392** thereafter.
4393**
4394** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4395** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4396** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4397** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4398** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4399** using [sqlite3_free].
4400** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4401** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4402** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4403*/
4404SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4405
4406/*
4407** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4408** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4409**
4410** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4411** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4412** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4413** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4414** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4415**
4416** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4417** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4418** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4419** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4420** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4421** an error is to use this function.
4422**
4423** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4424** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4425** is undefined.
4426*/
4427int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4428
4429/*
4430** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4431**
4432** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4433** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4434** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4435** that was the first argument
4436** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4437** create the statement in the first place.
4438*/
4439sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4440
4441/*
4442** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4443**
4444** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4445** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4446** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4447** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4448** a NULL pointer is returned.
4449**
4450** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4451** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4452** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4453** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4454*/
4455const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4456
4457/*
4458** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4459**
4460** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4461** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4462** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4463** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4464** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4465**
4466** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4467** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4468** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4469*/
4470sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4471
4472/*
4473** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4474**
4475** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4476** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4477** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4478** for the same database connection is overridden.
4479** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4480** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4481** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4482** for the same database connection is overridden.
4483** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4484** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4485** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4486**
4487** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4488** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4489** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4490** the first call for each function on D.
4491**
4492** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4493** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4494** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4495** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4496** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4497** or rollback hook in the first place.
4498** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4499** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4500** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4501**
4502** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4503**
4504** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4505** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4506** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4507** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4508** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4509**
4510** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4511** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4512** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4513** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4514** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4515**
4516** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4517*/
4518void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4519void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4520
4521/*
4522** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4523**
4524** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4525** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4526** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4527** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4528** for the same database connection is overridden.
4529**
4530** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4531** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4532** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4533** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4534** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4535** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4536** to be invoked.
4537** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4538** database and table name containing the affected row.
4539** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4540** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4541**
4542** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4543** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4544**
4545** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4546** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4547** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4548** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4549** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4550** release of SQLite.
4551**
4552** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4553** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4554** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4555** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4556** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4557** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4558**
4559** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4560** returns the P argument from the previous call
4561** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4562** the first call on D.
4563**
4564** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4565** interfaces.
4566*/
4567void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4568  sqlite3*,
4569  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4570  void*
4571);
4572
4573/*
4574** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4575** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
4576**
4577** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4578** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4579** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4580** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4581**
4582** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4583** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4584** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4585**
4586** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4587** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4588** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4589** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4590**
4591** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4592** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4593**
4594** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4595** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4596** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4597**
4598** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4599*/
4600int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4601
4602/*
4603** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4604**
4605** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4606** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4607** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4608** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4609** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4610** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4611** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4612** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4613**
4614** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4615*/
4616int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4617
4618/*
4619** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4620**
4621** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4622** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4623** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is effect even
4624** when then [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4625** omitted.
4626**
4627** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4628*/
4629int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4630
4631/*
4632** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4633**
4634** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4635** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4636** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4637** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4638** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4639** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4640** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4641** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4642** is advisory only.
4643**
4644** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4645** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4646** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4647** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4648** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4649** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4650**
4651** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4652**
4653** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4654** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4655**
4656** <ul>
4657** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4658** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4659**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4660**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4661** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
4662**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
4663** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4664**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4665**      from the heap.
4666** </ul>)^
4667**
4668** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4669** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4670** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4671** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4672** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4673** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4674** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4675** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4676** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4677**
4678** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4679** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4680*/
4681sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4682
4683/*
4684** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4685** DEPRECATED
4686**
4687** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4688** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4689** only.  All new applications should use the
4690** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4691*/
4692SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4693
4694
4695/*
4696** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4697**
4698** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4699** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4700** passed as the first function argument.
4701**
4702** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4703** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4704** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4705** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4706** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4707** resolve unqualified table references.
4708**
4709** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4710** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4711** may be NULL.
4712**
4713** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4714** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4715** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4716**
4717** ^(<blockquote>
4718** <table border="1">
4719** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4720**
4721** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4722** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4723** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4724** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4725** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4726** </table>
4727** </blockquote>)^
4728**
4729** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4730** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4731** call to any SQLite API function.
4732**
4733** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4734**
4735** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4736** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4737** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4738** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4739** parameters are set as follows:
4740**
4741** <pre>
4742**     data type: "INTEGER"
4743**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4744**     not null: 0
4745**     primary key: 1
4746**     auto increment: 0
4747** </pre>)^
4748**
4749** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4750** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4751** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4752** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4753**
4754** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4755** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4756*/
4757int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4758  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4759  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4760  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4761  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4762  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4763  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4764  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4765  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4766  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4767);
4768
4769/*
4770** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4771**
4772** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4773**
4774** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4775** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4776**
4777** ^The entry point is zProc.
4778** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4779** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4780** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4781** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4782** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4783** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4784** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4785** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4786** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4787**
4788** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4789** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4790** otherwise an error will be returned.
4791**
4792** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4793*/
4794int sqlite3_load_extension(
4795  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4796  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4797  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4798  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4799);
4800
4801/*
4802** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4803**
4804** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4805** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4806** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4807** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4808**
4809** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4810** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4811** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4812** it back off again.
4813*/
4814int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4815
4816/*
4817** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
4818**
4819** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
4820** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
4821** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked SQLite extension
4822** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
4823**
4824** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
4825** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
4826** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
4827** entry point where as follows:
4828**
4829** <blockquote><pre>
4830** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
4831** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
4832** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
4833** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
4834** &nbsp;  );
4835** </pre></blockquote>)^
4836**
4837** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
4838** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
4839** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
4840** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
4841** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
4842** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
4843** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
4844**
4845** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
4846** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
4847** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
4848**
4849** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].
4850*/
4851int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
4852
4853/*
4854** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
4855**
4856** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
4857** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
4858*/
4859void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4860
4861/*
4862** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4863** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4864** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4865**
4866** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4867** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4868*/
4869
4870/*
4871** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4872*/
4873typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4874typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4875typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4876typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4877
4878/*
4879** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
4880** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
4881**
4882** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
4883** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
4884** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
4885**
4886** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
4887** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
4888** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
4889** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
4890** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
4891** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
4892** any database connection.
4893*/
4894struct sqlite3_module {
4895  int iVersion;
4896  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4897               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4898               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4899  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4900               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4901               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4902  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
4903  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4904  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4905  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
4906  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4907  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
4908                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
4909  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4910  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4911  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
4912  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
4913  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
4914  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4915  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4916  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4917  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4918  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
4919                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4920                       void **ppArg);
4921  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
4922  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
4923  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
4924  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4925  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4926  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4927};
4928
4929/*
4930** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
4931** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
4932**
4933** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
4934** of the [virtual table] interface to
4935** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
4936** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
4937** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
4938** results into the **Outputs** fields.
4939**
4940** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
4941**
4942** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
4943**
4944** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
4945** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
4946** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
4947** ^(The index of the column is stored in
4948** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
4949** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
4950** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
4951**
4952** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
4953** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
4954** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
4955** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
4956** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
4957**
4958** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
4959** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
4960**
4961** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
4962** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
4963** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
4964** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
4965** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
4966** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
4967**
4968** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
4969** [xFilter] method.
4970** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
4971** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
4972**
4973** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
4974** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
4975** sorting step is required.
4976**
4977** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
4978** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
4979** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
4980** cost of approximately log(N).
4981*/
4982struct sqlite3_index_info {
4983  /* Inputs */
4984  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
4985  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
4986     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
4987     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
4988     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
4989     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
4990  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
4991  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
4992  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
4993     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
4994     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
4995  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
4996  /* Outputs */
4997  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
4998    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
4999    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5000  } *aConstraintUsage;
5001  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5002  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5003  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5004  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5005  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5006};
5007
5008/*
5009** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5010**
5011** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5012** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5013** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5014** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5015*/
5016#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5017#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5018#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5019#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5020#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5021#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5022
5023/*
5024** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5025**
5026** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5027** ^Module names must be registered before
5028** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5029** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5030**
5031** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5032** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5033** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5034** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5035** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5036** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5037** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5038**
5039** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5040** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5041** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5042** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5043** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5044** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5045** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5046** destructor.
5047*/
5048int sqlite3_create_module(
5049  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5050  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5051  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5052  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5053);
5054int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5055  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5056  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5057  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5058  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5059  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5060);
5061
5062/*
5063** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5064** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5065**
5066** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5067** of this object to describe a particular instance
5068** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5069** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5070** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5071** common to all module implementations.
5072**
5073** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5074** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5075** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5076** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5077** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5078** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5079*/
5080struct sqlite3_vtab {
5081  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5082  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5083  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5084  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5085};
5086
5087/*
5088** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5089** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5090**
5091** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5092** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5093** [virtual table] and are used
5094** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5095** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5096** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5097** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5098** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5099** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5100**
5101** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5102** are common to all implementations.
5103*/
5104struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5105  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5106  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5107};
5108
5109/*
5110** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5111**
5112** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5113** [virtual table module] call this interface
5114** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5115** the virtual tables they implement.
5116*/
5117int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5118
5119/*
5120** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5121**
5122** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5123** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5124** But global versions of those functions
5125** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5126**
5127** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5128** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5129** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5130** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5131** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5132** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5133** by a [virtual table].
5134*/
5135int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5136
5137/*
5138** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5139** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5140** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5141** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5142**
5143** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5144** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5145*/
5146
5147/*
5148** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5149** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5150**
5151** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5152** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5153** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5154** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5155** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5156** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5157** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5158*/
5159typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5160
5161/*
5162** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5163**
5164** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5165** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5166** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5167**
5168** <pre>
5169**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5170** </pre>)^
5171**
5172** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5173** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5174** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5175** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5176** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5177**
5178** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5179** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5180** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5181** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5182** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5183**
5184** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5185** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5186** to be a null pointer.)^
5187** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5188** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5189** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5190** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5191** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5192**
5193** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5194** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5195** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5196** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5197** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5198** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5199** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5200** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5201** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5202** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5203**
5204** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5205** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5206** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5207** blob.
5208**
5209** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5210** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5211** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5212** this interface.
5213**
5214** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5215** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5216*/
5217int sqlite3_blob_open(
5218  sqlite3*,
5219  const char *zDb,
5220  const char *zTable,
5221  const char *zColumn,
5222  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5223  int flags,
5224  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5225);
5226
5227/*
5228** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5229**
5230** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5231** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5232** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5233** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5234** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5235** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5236**
5237** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5238** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5239** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5240** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5241** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5242** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5243** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5244** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5245** always returns zero.
5246**
5247** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5248*/
5249SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5250
5251/*
5252** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5253**
5254** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5255**
5256** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5257** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5258** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5259** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5260** until the close operation if they will fit.
5261**
5262** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5263** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5264** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5265** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5266**
5267** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5268** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5269**
5270** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5271** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5272*/
5273int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5274
5275/*
5276** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5277**
5278** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5279** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5280** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5281** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5282**
5283** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5284** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5285** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5286** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5287*/
5288int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5289
5290/*
5291** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5292**
5293** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5294** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5295** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5296**
5297** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5298** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5299** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5300** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5301** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5302**
5303** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5304** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5305**
5306** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5307** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5308**
5309** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5310** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5311** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5312** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5313**
5314** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5315*/
5316int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5317
5318/*
5319** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5320**
5321** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5322** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5323** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5324**
5325** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5326** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5327** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5328**
5329** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5330** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5331** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5332** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5333** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5334** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5335** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5336**
5337** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5338** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5339** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5340** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5341** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5342** or by other independent statements.
5343**
5344** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5345** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5346**
5347** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5348** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5349** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5350** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5351**
5352** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5353*/
5354int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5355
5356/*
5357** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5358**
5359** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5360** that SQLite uses to interact
5361** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5362** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5363** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5364** The following interfaces are provided.
5365**
5366** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5367** ^Names are case sensitive.
5368** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5369** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5370** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5371**
5372** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5373** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5374** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5375** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5376** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5377** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5378** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5379** then the behavior is undefined.
5380**
5381** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5382** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5383** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5384*/
5385sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5386int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5387int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5388
5389/*
5390** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5391**
5392** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5393** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5394** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5395** permitted to use any of these routines.
5396**
5397** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5398** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5399** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5400** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5401**
5402** <ul>
5403** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
5404** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5405** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5406** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5407** </ul>)^
5408**
5409** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5410** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5411** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
5412** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
5413** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
5414**
5415** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5416** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5417** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5418** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5419** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5420** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5421** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5422**
5423** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5424** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5425** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5426** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5427** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5428**
5429** <ul>
5430** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5431** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5432** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5433** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5434** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5435** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5436** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5437** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5438** </ul>)^
5439**
5440** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5441** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5442** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5443** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5444** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5445** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5446** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5447** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5448** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5449** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5450**
5451** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5452** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5453** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5454** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5455** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5456** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5457** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5458** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5459**
5460** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5461** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5462** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5463** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5464** the same type number.
5465**
5466** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5467** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5468** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5469** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5470** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5471** a static mutex.
5472**
5473** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5474** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5475** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5476** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5477** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5478** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5479** In such cases the,
5480** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5481** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5482** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5483** SQLite will never exhibit
5484** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5485**
5486** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5487** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5488** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5489** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5490**
5491** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5492** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5493** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5494** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5495** never do either.)^
5496**
5497** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5498** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5499** behave as no-ops.
5500**
5501** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5502*/
5503sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5504void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5505void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5506int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5507void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5508
5509/*
5510** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5511**
5512** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5513** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5514**
5515** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5516** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5517** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5518** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5519** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5520** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5521** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5522** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5523** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5524**
5525** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5526** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5527** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5528** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5529**
5530** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5531** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5532** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5533** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5534** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5535** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5536**
5537** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5538** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5539** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5540**
5541** <ul>
5542**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5543**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5544**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5545**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5546**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5547**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5548**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5549** </ul>)^
5550**
5551** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5552** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5553** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5554** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5555** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5556** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5557** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5558**
5559** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5560** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5561** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5562** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5563**
5564** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5565** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5566** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5567** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5568**
5569** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5570** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5571** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5572** prior to returning.
5573*/
5574typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5575struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5576  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5577  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5578  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5579  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5580  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5581  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5582  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5583  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5584  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5585};
5586
5587/*
5588** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5589**
5590** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5591** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5592** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5593** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5594** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5595** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5596** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5597** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5598**
5599** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5600** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5601**
5602** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5603** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5604** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5605** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5606**
5607** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5608** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5609** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5610** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5611** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5612** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5613** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5614** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5615*/
5616#ifndef NDEBUG
5617int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5618int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5619#endif
5620
5621/*
5622** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5623**
5624** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5625** which is one of these integer constants.
5626**
5627** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5628** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5629** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5630*/
5631#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5632#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5633#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5634#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5635#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5636#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5637#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5638#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5639#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
5640#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
5641
5642/*
5643** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5644**
5645** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5646** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5647** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5648** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5649** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5650*/
5651sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5652
5653/*
5654** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5655**
5656** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5657** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5658** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5659** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5660** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5661** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5662** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5663** main database file.
5664** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5665** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5666** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5667** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5668**
5669** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
5670** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
5671** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
5672** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
5673** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
5674**
5675** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5676** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5677** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5678** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5679** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5680** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5681** xFileControl method.
5682**
5683** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5684*/
5685int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5686
5687/*
5688** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5689**
5690** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5691** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5692** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5693** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5694**
5695** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5696** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5697** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5698**
5699** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5700** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5701** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5702** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5703*/
5704int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5705
5706/*
5707** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5708**
5709** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5710** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5711**
5712** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5713** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5714** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5715** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5716*/
5717#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5718#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5719#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5720#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5721#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5722#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5723#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5724#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5725#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5726#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5727#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5728#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5729#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5730#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
5731#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
5732#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
5733#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    19
5734
5735/*
5736** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5737**
5738** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5739** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5740** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5741** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5742** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5743** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5744** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5745** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5746** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5747** value.  For those parameters
5748** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5749** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5750** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5751**
5752** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5753** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5754**
5755** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5756** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5757** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5758** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5759** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5760** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5761**
5762** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5763*/
5764int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5765
5766
5767/*
5768** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5769** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
5770**
5771** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5772** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5773**
5774** <dl>
5775** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5776** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5777** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5778** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5779** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5780** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5781** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5782** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5783** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5784**
5785** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5786** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5787** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5788** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5789** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5790** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5791**
5792** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5793** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
5794** currently checked out.</dd>)^
5795**
5796** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5797** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5798** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5799** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5800** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5801**
5802** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
5803** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5804** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5805** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5806** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5807** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5808** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5809** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5810** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5811**
5812** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5813** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5814** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5815** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5816** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5817**
5818** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5819** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5820** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5821** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5822** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5823** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5824** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
5825**
5826** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5827** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5828** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5829** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5830** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5831** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5832** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5833** slots were available.
5834** </dd>)^
5835**
5836** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
5837** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5838** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5839** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5840** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5841**
5842** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
5843** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
5844** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
5845** </dl>
5846**
5847** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
5848*/
5849#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
5850#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
5851#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
5852#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
5853#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
5854#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
5855#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
5856#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
5857#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
5858#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
5859
5860/*
5861** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
5862**
5863** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5864** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
5865** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
5866** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
5867** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
5868** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
5869** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
5870** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
5871**
5872** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
5873** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
5874** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
5875** reset back down to the current value.
5876**
5877** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5878** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5879**
5880** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
5881*/
5882int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
5883
5884/*
5885** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
5886** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
5887**
5888** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
5889** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
5890**
5891** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
5892** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
5893** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
5894** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
5895** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
5896**
5897** <dl>
5898** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
5899** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
5900** checked out.</dd>)^
5901**
5902** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
5903** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
5904** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5905** the current value is always zero.)^
5906**
5907** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
5908** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
5909** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5910** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
5911** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
5912** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5913** the current value is always zero.)^
5914**
5915** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
5916** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
5917** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5918** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
5919** memory already being in use.
5920** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5921** the current value is always zero.)^
5922**
5923** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
5924** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5925** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
5926** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
5927**
5928** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
5929** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5930** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
5931** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
5932** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
5933** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
5934** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
5935** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
5936**
5937** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
5938** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5939** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
5940** the database connection.)^
5941** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
5942** </dd>
5943**
5944** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
5945** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
5946** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
5947** is always 0.
5948** </dd>
5949**
5950** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
5951** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
5952** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
5953** is always 0.
5954** </dd>
5955** </dl>
5956*/
5957#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
5958#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
5959#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
5960#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
5961#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
5962#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
5963#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
5964#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
5965#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
5966#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                  8   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
5967
5968
5969/*
5970** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
5971**
5972** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
5973** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
5974** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
5975** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
5976** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
5977** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
5978** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
5979** an index.
5980**
5981** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
5982** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
5983** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
5984** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
5985** to be interrogated.)^
5986** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
5987** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
5988** interface call returns.
5989**
5990** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
5991*/
5992int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
5993
5994/*
5995** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
5996** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
5997**
5998** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
5999** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6000** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6001**
6002** <dl>
6003** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6004** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6005** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6006** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6007** careful use of indices.</dd>
6008**
6009** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6010** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6011** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6012** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6013**
6014** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6015** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6016** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6017** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6018** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6019** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6020** </dl>
6021*/
6022#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6023#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6024#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6025
6026/*
6027** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6028**
6029** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6030** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6031** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6032** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6033** to the object.
6034**
6035** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6036*/
6037typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6038
6039/*
6040** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6041**
6042** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6043** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6044** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6045** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6046**
6047** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6048*/
6049typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6050struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6051  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6052  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6053};
6054
6055/*
6056** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6057** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6058**
6059** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6060** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6061** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6062** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6063** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6064** By implementing a
6065** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6066** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6067** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6068** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6069** how long.
6070**
6071** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6072** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6073** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6074**
6075** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6076** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6077** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6078** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6079**
6080** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6081** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6082** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6083** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6084** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6085** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6086** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6087** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6088** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6089** page cache.)^
6090**
6091** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6092** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6093** It can be used to clean up
6094** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6095** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6096**
6097** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6098** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6099** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6100** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6101** in multithreaded applications.
6102**
6103** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6104** call to xShutdown().
6105**
6106** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6107** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6108** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6109** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6110** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6111** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6112** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6113** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6114** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6115** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6116** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6117** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6118** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6119** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6120** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6121** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6122** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6123** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6124** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6125** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6126** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6127** never contain any unpinned pages.
6128**
6129** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6130** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6131** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6132** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6133** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6134** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6135** value; it is advisory only.
6136**
6137** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6138** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6139** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6140**
6141** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6142** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6143** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6144** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6145** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6146** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6147** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6148** for each entry in the page cache.
6149**
6150** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6151** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6152** to be "pinned".
6153**
6154** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6155** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6156** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6157** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6158** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6159**
6160** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6161** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
6162** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6163** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6164**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6165** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6166**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6167** </table>
6168**
6169** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6170** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6171** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6172** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6173** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6174**
6175** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6176** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6177** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6178** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6179** ^If the discard parameter is
6180** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6181** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6182** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6183**
6184** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6185** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6186** to xFetch().
6187**
6188** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6189** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6190** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6191** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6192** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6193** to be pinned.
6194**
6195** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6196** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6197** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6198** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6199** they can be safely discarded.
6200**
6201** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6202** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6203** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6204** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6205** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6206** functions.
6207**
6208** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6209** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6210** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6211** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6212** do their best.
6213*/
6214typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6215struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6216  int iVersion;
6217  void *pArg;
6218  int (*xInit)(void*);
6219  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6220  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6221  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6222  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6223  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6224  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6225  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6226      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6227  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6228  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6229  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6230};
6231
6232/*
6233** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6234** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6235** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6236*/
6237typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6238struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6239  void *pArg;
6240  int (*xInit)(void*);
6241  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6242  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6243  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6244  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6245  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6246  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6247  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6248  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6249  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6250};
6251
6252
6253/*
6254** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6255**
6256** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6257** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6258** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6259** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6260**
6261** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6262*/
6263typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6264
6265/*
6266** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6267**
6268** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6269** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6270** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6271**
6272** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6273**
6274** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6275** for the duration of the backup operation.
6276** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6277** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6278** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6279** preventing other database connections from
6280** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6281**
6282** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6283**   <ol>
6284**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6285**         backup,
6286**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6287**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6288**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6289**         associated with the backup operation.
6290**   </ol>)^
6291** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6292** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6293**
6294** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6295**
6296** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6297** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6298** and the database name, respectively.
6299** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6300** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6301** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6302** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6303** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6304** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6305** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6306** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6307** an error.
6308**
6309** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6310** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6311** destination [database connection] D.
6312** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6313** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6314** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6315** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6316** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6317** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6318** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6319** operation.
6320**
6321** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6322**
6323** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6324** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6325** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6326** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6327** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6328** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6329** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6330** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6331** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6332** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6333** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6334** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6335**
6336** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6337** <ol>
6338** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6339** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6340** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6341** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6342** destination and source page sizes differ.
6343** </ol>)^
6344**
6345** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6346** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6347** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6348** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6349** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6350** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6351** [database connection]
6352** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6353** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6354** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6355** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6356** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6357** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6358** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6359** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6360** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6361**
6362** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6363** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6364** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6365** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6366** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6367** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6368** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6369** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6370** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6371** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6372** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6373** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6374** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6375** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6376** updated at the same time.
6377**
6378** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6379**
6380** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6381** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6382** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6383** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6384** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6385** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6386** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6387** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6388** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6389**
6390** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6391** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6392** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6393** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6394** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6395** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6396**
6397** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6398** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6399** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6400**
6401** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6402** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6403**
6404** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6405** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6406** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6407** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6408** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6409**
6410** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6411** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6412** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6413** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6414** changing.
6415**
6416** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6417**
6418** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6419** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6420** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6421** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6422** from within other threads.
6423**
6424** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6425** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6426** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6427** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6428** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6429** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6430** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6431** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6432**
6433** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6434** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6435** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6436** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6437** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6438** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6439**
6440** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6441** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6442** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6443** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6444** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6445** possible that they return invalid values.
6446*/
6447sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6448  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6449  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6450  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6451  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6452);
6453int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6454int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6455int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6456int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6457
6458/*
6459** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6460**
6461** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6462** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6463** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6464** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6465** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6466** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6467** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6468** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6469**
6470** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6471**
6472** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6473** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6474**
6475** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6476** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6477** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6478** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6479** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6480** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6481** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6482** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6483** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6484** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6485**
6486** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6487** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6488** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6489** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6490** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6491**
6492** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6493** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6494** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6495** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6496**
6497** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6498** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6499** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6500** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6501** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6502** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6503** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6504** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6505**
6506** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6507** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6508** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6509**
6510** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6511** returns SQLITE_OK.
6512**
6513** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6514**
6515** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6516** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6517** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6518** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6519** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6520** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6521**
6522** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6523** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6524** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6525** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6526** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6527** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6528** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6529** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6530**
6531** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6532**
6533** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6534** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6535** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6536** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6537** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6538** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6539** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6540**
6541** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6542** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6543** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6544** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6545** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6546** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6547** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6548** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6549** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6550** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6551** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6552** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6553**
6554** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6555**
6556** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6557** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6558** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6559** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6560** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6561** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6562** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6563** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6564** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6565**
6566** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6567** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6568** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6569** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6570** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6571*/
6572int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6573  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6574  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6575  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6576);
6577
6578
6579/*
6580** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6581**
6582** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
6583** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
6584** case-independent fashion, using the same definition of case independence
6585** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
6586*/
6587int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
6588
6589/*
6590** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
6591**
6592** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
6593** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
6594** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
6595** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
6596**
6597** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
6598** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
6599** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
6600** is considered bad form.
6601**
6602** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
6603**
6604** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
6605** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
6606** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
6607** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
6608** buffer.
6609*/
6610void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
6611
6612/*
6613** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
6614**
6615** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
6616** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
6617** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
6618** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
6619**
6620** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
6621** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
6622** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
6623**
6624** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
6625** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
6626** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
6627** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
6628** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
6629** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
6630** including those that were just committed.
6631**
6632** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
6633** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
6634** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
6635** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6636** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6637** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6638** are undefined.
6639**
6640** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6641** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6642** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6643** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6644** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6645** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6646*/
6647void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6648  sqlite3*,
6649  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6650  void*
6651);
6652
6653/*
6654** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6655**
6656** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6657** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6658** to automatically [checkpoint]
6659** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6660** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6661** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6662** checkpoints entirely.
6663**
6664** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6665** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6666** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6667** configured by this function.
6668**
6669** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6670** from SQL.
6671**
6672** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6673** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
6674** pages.  The use of this interface
6675** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6676** for a particular application.
6677*/
6678int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6679
6680/*
6681** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6682**
6683** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6684** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6685** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6686** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6687** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6688**
6689** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6690** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6691** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6692** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6693**
6694** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6695*/
6696int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6697
6698/*
6699** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6700**
6701** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
6702** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
6703** eMode parameter:
6704**
6705** <dl>
6706** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
6707**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
6708**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
6709**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
6710**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
6711**
6712** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
6713**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
6714**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
6715**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
6716**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6717**   but not database readers.
6718**
6719** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
6720**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
6721**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
6722**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
6723**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
6724**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6725**   but not database readers.
6726** </dl>
6727**
6728** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
6729** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
6730** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
6731** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
6732** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
6733** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
6734** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
6735**
6736** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
6737** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
6738** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
6739** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
6740**
6741** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
6742** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
6743** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
6744** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
6745** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
6746** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
6747** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
6748** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
6749** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
6750** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
6751**
6752** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
6753** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
6754** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
6755** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
6756** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
6757** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
6758** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
6759** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
6760** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
6761** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
6762**
6763** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
6764** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
6765** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
6766** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
6767*/
6768int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
6769  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
6770  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
6771  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
6772  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
6773  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
6774);
6775
6776/*
6777** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
6778**
6779** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
6780** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6781** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
6782** each of these values.
6783*/
6784#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
6785#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
6786#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
6787
6788/*
6789** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
6790**
6791** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
6792** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
6793** various facets of the virtual table interface.
6794**
6795** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
6796** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
6797**
6798** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
6799** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
6800** may be added in the future.
6801*/
6802int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
6803
6804/*
6805** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
6806**
6807** These macros define the various options to the
6808** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
6809** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
6810**
6811** <dl>
6812** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
6813** <dd>Calls of the form
6814** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
6815** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
6816** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
6817** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
6818** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
6819** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
6820** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
6821** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
6822**
6823** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
6824** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
6825** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
6826** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
6827** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
6828** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
6829** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
6830** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
6831** had been ABORT.
6832**
6833** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
6834** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
6835** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
6836** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
6837** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
6838** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
6839** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
6840** constraint handling.
6841** </dl>
6842*/
6843#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
6844
6845/*
6846** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
6847**
6848** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
6849** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
6850** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
6851** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6852** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
6853** [virtual table].
6854*/
6855int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
6856
6857/*
6858** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
6859**
6860** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
6861** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6862** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
6863**
6864** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
6865** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
6866** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
6867*/
6868#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
6869/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
6870#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
6871/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
6872#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
6873
6874
6875
6876/*
6877** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
6878** builds on processors without floating point support.
6879*/
6880#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
6881# undef double
6882#endif
6883
6884#ifdef __cplusplus
6885}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
6886#endif
6887#endif
6888