xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 3d403c71)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
218** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
219** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
220** sqlite3 object.
221*/
222typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
223
224/*
225** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
226** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
227**
228** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
229** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
230**
231** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
232** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
233** compatibility only.
234**
235** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
236** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
237** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
238** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
239*/
240#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
241  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
242  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
243#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
244  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
245  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
246#else
247  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
248  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
249#endif
250typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
251typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
252
253/*
254** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
255** substitute integer for floating-point.
256*/
257#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
258# define double sqlite3_int64
259#endif
260
261/*
262** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
263**
264** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
265** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
266** successfully destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
267**
268** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
269** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
270** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
271** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
272** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
273** SQLITE_BUSY.
274**
275** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
276** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
277**
278** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
279** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
280** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
281** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
282** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a
283** harmless no-op.
284*/
285int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
286
287/*
288** The type for a callback function.
289** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
290** compatibility and is not documented.
291*/
292typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
293
294/*
295** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
296**
297** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
298** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
299** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
300** without having to use a lot of C code.
301**
302** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
303** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
304** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
305** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
306** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
307** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
308** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
309** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
310** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
311** ignored.
312**
313** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
314** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
315** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
316** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
317** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
318** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
319** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
320** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
321** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
322** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
323** NULL before returning.
324**
325** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
326** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
327** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
328**
329** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
330** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
331** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
332** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
333** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
334** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
335** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
336** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
337** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
338**
339** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
340** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
341** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
342** is not changed.
343**
344** Restrictions:
345**
346** <ul>
347** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
348**      is a valid and open [database connection].
349** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
350**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
351** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
352**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
353** </ul>
354*/
355int sqlite3_exec(
356  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
357  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
358  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
359  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
360  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
361);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
365** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
366** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
367**
368** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
369** here in order to indicate success or failure.
370**
371** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
372**
373** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
374** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
375*/
376#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
377/* beginning-of-error-codes */
378#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
379#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
380#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
381#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
382#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
383#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
384#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
385#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
386#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
387#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
388#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
389#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
390#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
391#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
392#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
393#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
394#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
395#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
396#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
397#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
398#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
399#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
400#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
401#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
402#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
403#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
404#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
405#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
406/* end-of-error-codes */
407
408/*
409** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
410** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
411** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
412**
413** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
414** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
415** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
416** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
417** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
418** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
419** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
420** on a per database connection basis using the
421** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
422**
423** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
424** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
425** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
426** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
427**
428** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
429** be exactly zero.
430*/
431#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
432#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
433#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
434#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
435#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
436#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
437#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
438#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
439#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
440#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
441#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
442#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
453#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
454#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
455#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
456#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
457#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
458#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
459#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
460#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
461
462/*
463** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
464**
465** These bit values are intended for use in the
466** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
467** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
468*/
469#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
470#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
471#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
472#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
473#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
474#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
475#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
476#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
477#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
478#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
479#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
480#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
481#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
482#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
483#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
484#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
485#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
486#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
487#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
488
489/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
490
491/*
492** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
493**
494** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
495** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
496** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
497** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
498** refers to.
499**
500** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
501** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
502** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
503** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
504** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
505** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
506** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
507** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
508** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
509** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
510** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
511** file that were written at the application level might have changed
512** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
513** guaranteed to be unchanged.
514*/
515#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
516#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
517#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
518#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
519#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
520#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
521#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
522#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
523#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
524#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
525#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
526#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
527#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
528
529/*
530** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
531**
532** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
533** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
534** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
535*/
536#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
537#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
538#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
539#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
540#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
541
542/*
543** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
544**
545** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
546** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
547** these integer values as the second argument.
548**
549** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
550** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
551** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
552** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
553** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
554** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
555**
556** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
557** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
558** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
559** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
560** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
561** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
562** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
563** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
564** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
565** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
566** cares about the difference.)
567*/
568#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
569#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
570#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
571
572/*
573** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
574**
575** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
576** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
577** implementations will
578** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
579** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
580** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
581** I/O operations on the open file.
582*/
583typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
584struct sqlite3_file {
585  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
586};
587
588/*
589** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
590**
591** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
592** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
593** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
594** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
595** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
596**
597** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
598** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
599** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
600** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
601** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
602** to NULL.
603**
604** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
605** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
606** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
607** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
608** and not its inode needs to be synced.
609**
610** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
611** <ul>
612** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
613** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
614** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
615** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
616** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
617** </ul>
618** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
619** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
620** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
621** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
622** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
623**
624** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
625** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
626** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
627** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
628** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
629** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
630** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
631** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
632** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
633** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
634** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
635** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
636** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
637** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
638** recognize.
639**
640** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
641** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
642** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
643** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
644** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
645** underlying device:
646**
647** <ul>
648** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
649** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
650** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
651** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
652** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
653** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
654** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
655** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
656** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
657** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
658** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
659** </ul>
660**
661** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
662** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
663** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
664** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
665** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
666** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
667** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
668** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
669** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
670** to xWrite().
671**
672** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
673** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
674** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
675** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
676** database corruption.
677*/
678typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
679struct sqlite3_io_methods {
680  int iVersion;
681  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
682  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
683  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
684  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
685  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
686  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
687  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
688  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
689  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
690  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
691  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
692  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
693  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
694  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
695  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
696  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
697  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
698  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
699  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
700};
701
702/*
703** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
704**
705** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
706** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
707** interface.
708**
709** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
710** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
711** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
712** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
713** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
714** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
715** is defined.
716** <ul>
717** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
718** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
719** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
720** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
721** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
722** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
723** file run faster.
724**
725** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
726** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
727** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
728** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
729** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
730** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
731** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
732** improve performance on some systems.
733**
734** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
735** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
736** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
737** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
738** additional information.
739**
740** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
741** ^(The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED] opcode is generated internally by
742** SQLite and sent to all VFSes in place of a call to the xSync method
743** when the database connection has [PRAGMA synchronous] set to OFF.)^
744** Some specialized VFSes need this signal in order to operate correctly
745** when [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] is set, but most
746** VFSes do not need this signal and should silently ignore this opcode.
747** Applications should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this
748** opcode as doing so may disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes
749** that do require it.
750**
751** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
752** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
753** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
754** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
755** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
756** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
757** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
758** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
759** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
760** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
761** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
762** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
763** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
764** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
765** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
766** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
767**
768** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
769** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
770** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
771** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
772** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
773** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
774** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
775** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
776** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
777** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
778** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
779** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
780** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
781** WAL persistence setting.
782**
783** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
784** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
785** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
786** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
787** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
788** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
789** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
790** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
791** zero-damage mode setting.
792**
793** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
794** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
795** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
796** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
797** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
798**
799** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
800** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
801** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
802** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
803** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
804** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
805** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
806** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
807** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
808** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
809** is intended for diagnostic use only.
810**
811** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
812** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
813** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
814** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
815** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
816** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
817** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
818** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
819** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
820** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
821** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
822** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
823** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
824** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
825** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
826** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
827** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
828** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
829** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
830** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
831** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
832** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
833** </ul>
834*/
835#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
836#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
837#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
838#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
839#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
840#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
841#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
842#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
843#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
844#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
845#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
846#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
847#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
848#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
849
850/*
851** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
852**
853** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
854** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
855** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
856** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
857**
858** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
859*/
860typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
861
862/*
863** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
864**
865** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
866** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
867** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
868** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
869**
870** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
871** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
872** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
873** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
874** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
875** modified.
876**
877** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
878** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
879** a pathname in this VFS.
880**
881** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
882** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
883** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
884** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
885** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
886** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
887**
888** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
889** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
890** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
891** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
892** object once the object has been registered.
893**
894** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
895** be unique across all VFS modules.
896**
897** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
898** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
899** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
900** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
901** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
902** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
903** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
904** ^SQLite further guarantees that
905** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
906** called. Because of the previous sentence,
907** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
908** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
909** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
910** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
911** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
912** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
913**
914** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
915** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
916** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
917** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
918** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
919** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
920**
921** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
922** call, depending on the object being opened:
923**
924** <ul>
925** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
926** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
927** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
928** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
929** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
930** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
931** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
932** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
933** </ul>)^
934**
935** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
936** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
937** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
938** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
939** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
940** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
941** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
942** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
943**
944** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
945**
946** <ul>
947** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
948** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
949** </ul>
950**
951** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
952** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
953** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
954** databases, and subjournals.
955**
956** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
957** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
958** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
959** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
960** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
961** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
962** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
963** for exclusive access.
964**
965** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
966** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
967** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
968** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
969** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
970** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
971** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
972** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
973** or failure of the xOpen call.
974**
975** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
976** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
977** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
978** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
979** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
980** directory.
981**
982** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
983** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
984** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
985** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
986** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
987** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
988**
989** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
990** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
991** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
992** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
993** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
994** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
995** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
996** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
997** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
998** a floating point value.
999** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1000** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1001** a 24-hour day).
1002** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1003** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1004** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1005** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1006**
1007** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1008** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1009** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1010** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1011** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1012** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1013** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1014** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1015** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1016** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1017** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1018*/
1019typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1020typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1021struct sqlite3_vfs {
1022  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1023  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1024  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1025  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1026  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1027  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1028  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1029               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1030  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1031  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1032  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1033  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1034  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1035  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1036  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1037  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1038  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1039  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1040  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1041  /*
1042  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1043  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1044  */
1045  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1046  /*
1047  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1048  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1049  */
1050  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1051  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1052  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1053  /*
1054  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1055  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1056  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1057  */
1058};
1059
1060/*
1061** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1062**
1063** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1064** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1065** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1066** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1067** simply checks whether the file exists.
1068** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1069** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1070** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1071** the directory).
1072** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1073** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1074** release of SQLite.
1075** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1076** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1077** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1078** SQLite.
1079*/
1080#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1081#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1082#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1083
1084/*
1085** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1086**
1087** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1088** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1089** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1090** xShmLock method:
1091**
1092** <ul>
1093** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1094** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1095** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1096** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1097** </ul>
1098**
1099** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1100** was given no the corresponding lock.
1101**
1102** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1103** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1104** and EXCLUSIVE.
1105*/
1106#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1107#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1108#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1109#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1110
1111/*
1112** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1113**
1114** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1115** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1116** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1117** lock outside of this range
1118*/
1119#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1120
1121
1122/*
1123** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1124**
1125** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1126** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1127** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1128** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1129** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1130** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1131**
1132** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1133** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1134** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1135** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1136** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1137** are harmless no-ops.)^
1138**
1139** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1140** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1141** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1142** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1143**
1144** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1145** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1146** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1147** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1148** sqlite3_shutdown().
1149**
1150** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1151** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1152** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1153**
1154** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1155** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1156** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1157** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1158**
1159** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1160** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1161** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1162** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1163** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1164** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1165** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1166** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1167** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1168** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1169** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1170** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1171** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1172** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1173**
1174** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1175** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1176** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1177** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1178** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1179** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1180** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1181**
1182** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1183** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1184** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1185** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1186** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1187** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1188** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1189** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1190** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1191** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1192** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1193** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1194** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1195** failure.
1196*/
1197int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1198int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1199int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1200int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1201
1202/*
1203** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1204**
1205** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1206** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1207** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1208** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1209** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1210**
1211** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1212** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1213** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1214** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1215** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1216** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1217** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1218** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1219** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1220**
1221** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1222** [configuration option] that determines
1223** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1224** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1225** in the first argument.
1226**
1227** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1228** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1229** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1230*/
1231int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1232
1233/*
1234** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1235**
1236** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1237** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1238** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1239** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1240**
1241** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1242** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1243** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1244** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1245**
1246** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1247** the call is considered successful.
1248*/
1249int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1250
1251/*
1252** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1253**
1254** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1255** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1256**
1257** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1258** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1259** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1260** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1261** By creating an instance of this object
1262** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1263** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1264** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1265** dynamic memory needs.
1266**
1267** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1268** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1269** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1270** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1271** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1272** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1273** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1274** conditions.
1275**
1276** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1277** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1278** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1279** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1280**
1281** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1282** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1283** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1284**
1285** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1286** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1287** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1288** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1289** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1290** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1291** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1292**
1293** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1294** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1295** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1296** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1297** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1298** xInit and xShutdown.
1299**
1300** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1301** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1302** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1303** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1304** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1305** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1306** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1307** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1308** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1309** serialization.
1310**
1311** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1312** call to xShutdown().
1313*/
1314typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1315struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1316  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1317  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1318  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1319  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1320  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1321  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1322  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1323  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1324};
1325
1326/*
1327** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1328** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1329**
1330** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1331** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1332**
1333** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1334** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1335** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1336** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1337** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1338** is invoked.
1339**
1340** <dl>
1341** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1342** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1343** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1344** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1345** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1346** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1347** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1348** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1349** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1350** configuration option.</dd>
1351**
1352** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1353** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1354** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1355** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1356** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1357** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1358** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1359** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1360** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1361** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1362** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1363** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1364** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1365**
1366** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1367** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1368** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1369** all mutexes including the recursive
1370** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1371** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1372** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1373** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1374** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1375** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1376** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1377** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1378** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1379** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1380** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1381**
1382** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1383** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1384** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1385** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1386** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1387** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1388** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1389**
1390** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1391** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1392** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1393** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1394** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1395** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1396** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1397**
1398** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1399** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1400** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1401** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1402** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1403**   <ul>
1404**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1405**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1406**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1407**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1408**   </ul>)^
1409** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1410** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1411** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1412** </dd>
1413**
1414** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1415** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1416** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1417** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1418** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1419** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1420** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1421** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1422** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1423** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1424** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1425** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1426** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1427** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1428** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1429**
1430** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1431** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1432** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1433** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1434** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1435** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1436** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1437** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1438** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1439** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1440** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1441** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1442** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1443** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1444** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1445** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1446** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1447** The pointer in the first argument must
1448** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1449** will be undefined.</dd>
1450**
1451** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1452** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1453** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1454** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1455** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1456** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1457** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1458** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1459** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1460** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1461** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1462** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1463** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1464** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1465** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1466** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1467**
1468** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1469** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1470** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1471** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1472** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1473** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1474** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1475** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1476** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1477** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1478** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1479**
1480** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1481** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1482** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1483** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1484** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1485** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1486** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1487** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1488** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1489** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1490** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1491** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1492**
1493** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1494** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1495** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1496** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1497** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1498** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1499** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1500** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1501** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1502**
1503** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1504** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1505** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1506** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1507** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1508**
1509** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1510** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1511** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1512** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1513**
1514** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1515** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1516** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1517** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1518** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1519** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1520** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1521** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1522** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1523** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1524** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1525** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1526** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1527** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1528** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1529** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1530** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1531**
1532** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1533** <dd> This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1534** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1535** is globally disabled. If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1536** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1537** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1538** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1539** connection is opened. If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1540** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1541** database connection is opened. By default, URI handling is globally
1542** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1543** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.
1544**
1545** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1546** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1547** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1548** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1549** </dl>
1550*/
1551#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1552#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1553#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1554#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1555#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1556#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1557#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1558#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1559#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1560#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1561#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1562/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1563#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1564#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1565#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1566#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1567#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1568#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1569#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1570
1571/*
1572** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1573**
1574** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1575** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1576**
1577** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1578** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1579** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1580** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1581** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1582** is invoked.
1583**
1584** <dl>
1585** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1586** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1587** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1588** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1589** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1590** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1591** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1592** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1593** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1594** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1595** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1596** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1597** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1598** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1599** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1600** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1601** when the "current value" returned by
1602** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1603** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1604** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1605** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1606**
1607** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1608** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1609** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1610** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1611** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1612** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1613** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1614** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1615** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1616**
1617** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1618** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1619** There should be two additional arguments.
1620** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1621** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1622** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1623** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1624** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1625** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1626**
1627** </dl>
1628*/
1629#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1630#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1631#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1632
1633
1634/*
1635** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1636**
1637** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1638** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1639** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1640*/
1641int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1642
1643/*
1644** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1645**
1646** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1647** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1648** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1649** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1650** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1651** is another alias for the rowid.
1652**
1653** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1654** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1655** in the first argument.  ^As of SQLite version 3.7.7, this routines
1656** records the last insert rowid of both ordinary tables and [virtual tables].
1657** ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1658** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1659**
1660** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1661** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1662** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1663** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1664** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1665** table method began.)^
1666**
1667** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1668** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1669** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1670** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1671** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1672** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1673** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1674** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1675** the return value of this interface.)^
1676**
1677** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1678** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1679**
1680** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1681** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1682**
1683** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1684** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1685** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1686** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1687** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1688** last insert [rowid].
1689*/
1690sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1691
1692/*
1693** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1694**
1695** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1696** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1697** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1698** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1699** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1700** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1701** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1702** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1703**
1704** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1705** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1706**
1707** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1708** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1709** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1710** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1711** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1712**
1713** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1714** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1715** Most SQL statements are
1716** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1717** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1718** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1719** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1720**
1721** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1722** not create a new trigger context.
1723**
1724** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1725** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1726** trigger context.
1727**
1728** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1729** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1730** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1731** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1732** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1733** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1734** However, the number returned does not include changes
1735** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1736**
1737** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1738** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1739**
1740** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1741** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1742** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1743*/
1744int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1745
1746/*
1747** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1748**
1749** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1750** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1751** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1752** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1753** [foreign key actions]. However,
1754** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1755** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1756** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1757** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1758** are counted.)^
1759** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1760** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1761** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1762**
1763** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1764** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1765**
1766** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1767** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1768** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1769*/
1770int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1771
1772/*
1773** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1774**
1775** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1776** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1777** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1778** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1779** immediately.
1780**
1781** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1782** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1783** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1784** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1785**
1786** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1787** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1788** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1789**
1790** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1791** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1792** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1793** will be rolled back automatically.
1794**
1795** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1796** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1797** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1798** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1799** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1800** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1801** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1802** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1803** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1804** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1805**
1806** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1807** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1808*/
1809void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1810
1811/*
1812** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1813**
1814** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1815** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1816** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1817** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1818** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1819** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1820** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1821** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1822** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1823** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1824** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1825**
1826** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1827** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1828**
1829** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1830** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1831**
1832** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1833** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1834** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1835** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1836** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1837**
1838** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1839** UTF-8 string.
1840**
1841** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1842** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1843*/
1844int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1845int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1846
1847/*
1848** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1849**
1850** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1851** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1852** or process has locked.
1853**
1854** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1855** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1856** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1857**
1858** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1859** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1860** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1861** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1862** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1863** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1864** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1865** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1866**
1867** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1868** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1869** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1870** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1871** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1872** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1873** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1874** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1875** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1876** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1877** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1878** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1879** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1880** the second process to proceed.
1881**
1882** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1883**
1884** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1885** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1886** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1887** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1888** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1889** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1890** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1891** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1892** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1893** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1894** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1895** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1896** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1897** this is important.
1898**
1899** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1900** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1901** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1902** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1903**
1904** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1905** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1906** result in undefined behavior.
1907**
1908** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1909** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1910*/
1911int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1912
1913/*
1914** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1915**
1916** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1917** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1918** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1919** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1920** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1921** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1922**
1923** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1924** turns off all busy handlers.
1925**
1926** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1927** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1928** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1929** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1930*/
1931int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1932
1933/*
1934** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1935**
1936** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
1937** Use of this interface is not recommended.
1938**
1939** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1940** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1941** complete query results from one or more queries.
1942**
1943** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1944** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1945** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1946** and M be the number of columns.
1947**
1948** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1949** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1950** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1951** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1952** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1953** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
1954**
1955** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
1956** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1957** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1958**
1959** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1960** is as follows:
1961**
1962** <blockquote><pre>
1963**        Name        | Age
1964**        -----------------------
1965**        Alice       | 43
1966**        Bob         | 28
1967**        Cindy       | 21
1968** </pre></blockquote>
1969**
1970** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1971** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1972** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1973**
1974** <blockquote><pre>
1975**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1976**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1977**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1978**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1979**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
1980**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
1981**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
1982**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
1983** </pre></blockquote>)^
1984**
1985** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
1986** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
1987** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
1988** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
1989**
1990** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
1991** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
1992** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
1993** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
1994** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
1995** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
1996**
1997** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
1998** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
1999** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2000** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2001** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2002** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2003** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2004*/
2005int sqlite3_get_table(
2006  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2007  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2008  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2009  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2010  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2011  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2012);
2013void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2014
2015/*
2016** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2017**
2018** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2019** from the standard C library.
2020**
2021** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2022** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2023** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2024** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2025** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2026** memory to hold the resulting string.
2027**
2028** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2029** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2030** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2031** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2032** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2033** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2034** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2035** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2036** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2037** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2038** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2039** now without breaking compatibility.
2040**
2041** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2042** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2043** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2044** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2045** written will be n-1 characters.
2046**
2047** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2048**
2049** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2050** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2051** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2052** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2053**
2054** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2055** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2056** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2057** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2058** the string.
2059**
2060** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2061**
2062** <blockquote><pre>
2063**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2064** </pre></blockquote>
2065**
2066** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2067**
2068** <blockquote><pre>
2069**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2070**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2071**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2072** </pre></blockquote>
2073**
2074** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2075** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2076**
2077** <blockquote><pre>
2078**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2079** </pre></blockquote>
2080**
2081** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2082** would have looked like this:
2083**
2084** <blockquote><pre>
2085**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2086** </pre></blockquote>
2087**
2088** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2089** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2090**
2091** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2092** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2093** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2094** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2095**
2096** <blockquote><pre>
2097**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2098**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2099**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2100** </pre></blockquote>
2101**
2102** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2103** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2104**
2105** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2106** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2107** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2108*/
2109char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2110char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2111char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2112char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2113
2114/*
2115** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2116**
2117** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2118** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2119** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2120** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2121**
2122** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2123** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2124** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2125** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2126** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2127** a NULL pointer.
2128**
2129** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2130** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2131** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2132** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2133** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2134** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2135** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2136** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2137** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2138** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2139**
2140** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2141** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2142** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2143** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2144** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2145** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2146** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2147** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2148** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2149** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2150** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2151** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2152** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2153** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2154** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2155** is not freed.
2156**
2157** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2158** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2159** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2160** option is used.
2161**
2162** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2163** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2164** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2165** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2166**
2167** The Windows OS interface layer calls
2168** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2169** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2170** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2171** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
2172** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2173** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2174**
2175** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2176** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2177** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2178** not yet been released.
2179**
2180** The application must not read or write any part of
2181** a block of memory after it has been released using
2182** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2183*/
2184void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2185void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2186void sqlite3_free(void*);
2187
2188/*
2189** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2190**
2191** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2192** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2193** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2194**
2195** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2196** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2197** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2198** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2199** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2200** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2201** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2202** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2203** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2204**
2205** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2206** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2207** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2208** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2209** prior to the reset.
2210*/
2211sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2212sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2213
2214/*
2215** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2216**
2217** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2218** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2219** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2220** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2221** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2222**
2223** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2224**
2225** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2226** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2227** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2228** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2229** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2230** method.
2231*/
2232void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2233
2234/*
2235** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2236**
2237** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2238** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2239** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2240** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2241** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2242** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2243** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2244** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2245** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2246** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2247** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2248** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2249** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2250** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2251** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2252**
2253** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2254** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2255** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2256** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2257** access is denied.
2258**
2259** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2260** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2261** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2262** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2263** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2264** details about the action to be authorized.
2265**
2266** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2267** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2268** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2269** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2270** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2271** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2272** columns of a table.
2273** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2274** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2275** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2276**
2277** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2278** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2279** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2280** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2281** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2282** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2283** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2284** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2285** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2286** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2287**
2288** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2289** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2290** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2291** in addition to using an authorizer.
2292**
2293** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2294** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2295** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2296** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2297**
2298** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2299** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2300** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2301** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2302**
2303** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2304** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2305** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2306** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2307**
2308** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2309** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2310** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2311** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2312** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2313*/
2314int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2315  sqlite3*,
2316  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2317  void *pUserData
2318);
2319
2320/*
2321** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2322**
2323** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2324** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2325** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2326** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2327** information.
2328**
2329** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2330** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2331*/
2332#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2333#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2334
2335/*
2336** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2337**
2338** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2339** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2340** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2341** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2342** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2343**
2344** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2345** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2346** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2347** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2348** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2349** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2350** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2351** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2352** top-level SQL code.
2353*/
2354/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2355#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2356#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2357#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2358#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2359#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2360#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2361#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2362#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2363#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2364#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2365#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2366#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2367#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2368#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2369#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2370#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2371#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2372#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2373#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2374#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2375#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2376#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2377#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2378#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2379#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2380#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2381#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2382#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2383#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2384#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2385#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2386#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2387#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2388
2389/*
2390** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2391**
2392** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2393** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2394**
2395** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2396** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2397** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2398** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2399** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2400** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2401** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2402**
2403** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2404** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2405** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2406** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2407** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2408** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2409** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2410** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2411** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2412** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2413*/
2414void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2415SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2416   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2417
2418/*
2419** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2420**
2421** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2422** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2423** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2424** database connection D.  An example use for this
2425** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2426**
2427** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2428** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2429** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2430** invocations of the callback X.
2431**
2432** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2433** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2434** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2435** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2436** than 1.
2437**
2438** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2439** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2440** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2441**
2442** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2443** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2444** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2445** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2446**
2447*/
2448void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2449
2450/*
2451** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2452**
2453** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2454** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2455** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2456** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2457** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2458** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2459** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2460** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2461** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2462** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2463** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2464** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2465**
2466** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2467** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2468** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2469**
2470** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2471** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2472** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2473**
2474** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2475** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2476** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2477** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2478** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2479** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2480** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2481**
2482** <dl>
2483** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2484** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2485** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2486**
2487** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2488** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2489** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2490** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2491**
2492** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2493** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2494** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2495** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2496** </dl>
2497**
2498** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2499** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2500** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2501** then the behavior is undefined.
2502**
2503** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2504** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2505** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2506** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2507** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2508** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2509** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2510** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2511** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2512** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2513** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2514**
2515** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2516** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2517** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2518** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2519**
2520** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2521** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2522** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2523** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2524** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2525** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2526** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2527**
2528** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2529** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2530** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2531**
2532** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2533**
2534** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2535** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2536** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2537** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2538** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2539** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2540** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2541** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2542** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2543** information.
2544**
2545** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2546** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2547** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2548** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2549** present, is ignored.
2550**
2551** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2552** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2553** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2554** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2555** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2556** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2557** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2558**
2559** [[core URI query parameters]]
2560** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2561** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2562** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2563**
2564** <ul>
2565**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2566**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2567**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2568**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2569**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2570**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2571**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2572**
2573**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw" or
2574**     "rwc". Attempting to set it to any other value is an error)^.
2575**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2576**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2577**     third argument to sqlite3_prepare_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2578**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2579**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2580**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2581**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is
2582**     used, it is an error to specify a value for the mode parameter that is
2583**     less restrictive than that specified by the flags passed as the third
2584**     parameter.
2585**
2586**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2587**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2588**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2589**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2590**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2591**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2592**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behaviour requested by setting
2593**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2594** </ul>
2595**
2596** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2597** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2598** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2599** additional information.
2600**
2601** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2602**
2603** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2604** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2605** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2606**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2607** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2608**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2609**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2610**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2611** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2612**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2613** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2614**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2615**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2616**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2617**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2618**          in URI filenames.
2619** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2620**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2621**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2622**          default, use a private cache.
2623** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2624**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2625** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2626**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2627** </table>
2628**
2629** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2630** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2631** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2632** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2633** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2634** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2635** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2636** the results are undefined.
2637**
2638** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2639** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2640** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2641** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2642** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2643*/
2644int sqlite3_open(
2645  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2646  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2647);
2648int sqlite3_open16(
2649  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2650  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2651);
2652int sqlite3_open_v2(
2653  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2654  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2655  int flags,              /* Flags */
2656  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2657);
2658
2659/*
2660** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2661**
2662** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2663** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2664** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2665**
2666** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2667** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2668** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2669** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2670** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2671** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2672** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2673** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2674** a pointer to an empty string.
2675**
2676** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2677** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2678** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2679** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2680** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2681** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2682** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2683** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2684** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2685** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2686**
2687** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2688** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2689** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2690** zero is returned.
2691**
2692** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2693** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2694** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2695** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2696** undesirable.
2697*/
2698const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2699int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2700sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2701
2702
2703/*
2704** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2705**
2706** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2707** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2708** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2709** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2710** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2711** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2712** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2713** disabled.
2714**
2715** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2716** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2717** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2718** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2719** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2720** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2721**
2722** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2723** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2724** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2725** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2726** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2727** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2728** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2729** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2730** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2731**
2732** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2733** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2734** error code and message may or may not be set.
2735*/
2736int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2737int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2738const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2739const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2740
2741/*
2742** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2743** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2744**
2745** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2746** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2747** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2748**
2749** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2750**
2751** <ol>
2752** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2753**      function.
2754** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2755**      interfaces.
2756** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2757** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2758**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2759** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2760** </ol>
2761**
2762** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2763** information.
2764*/
2765typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2766
2767/*
2768** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2769**
2770** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2771** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2772** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2773** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2774** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2775** new limit for that construct.)^
2776**
2777** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2778** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2779** [limits | hard upper bound]
2780** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2781** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2782** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2783** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2784** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2785**
2786** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2787** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2788** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2789** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2790**
2791** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2792** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2793** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2794** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2795** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2796** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2797** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2798** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2799** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2800** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2801** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2802** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2803**
2804** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2805*/
2806int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2807
2808/*
2809** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2810** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2811**
2812** These constants define various performance limits
2813** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2814** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2815** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2816**
2817** <dl>
2818** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2819** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2820**
2821** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2822** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2823**
2824** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2825** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2826** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2827** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2828**
2829** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2830** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2831**
2832** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2833** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2834**
2835** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2836** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2837** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2838** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2839** SQLite.</dd>)^
2840**
2841** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2842** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2843**
2844** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2845** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2846**
2847** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
2848** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2849** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2850** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2851**
2852** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
2853** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2854** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2855**
2856** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2857** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2858** </dl>
2859*/
2860#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2861#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2862#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2863#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2864#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2865#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2866#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2867#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2868#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2869#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2870#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2871
2872/*
2873** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2874** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2875**
2876** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2877** program using one of these routines.
2878**
2879** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2880** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2881** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2882**
2883** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2884** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2885** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2886** use UTF-16.
2887**
2888** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2889** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2890** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2891** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2892** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2893** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2894** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2895** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2896** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
2897** make a copy of the input string.
2898**
2899** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2900** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2901** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2902** what remains uncompiled.
2903**
2904** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2905** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2906** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2907** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2908** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2909** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2910** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2911**
2912** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2913** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2914**
2915** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2916** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2917** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2918** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2919** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2920** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2921** behave differently in three ways:
2922**
2923** <ol>
2924** <li>
2925** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2926** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2927** statement and try to run it again.
2928** </li>
2929**
2930** <li>
2931** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2932** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
2933** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2934** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
2935** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2936** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2937** </li>
2938**
2939** <li>
2940** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
2941** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
2942** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
2943** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
2944** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
2945** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
2946** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
2947** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
2948** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
2949** the
2950** </li>
2951** </ol>
2952*/
2953int sqlite3_prepare(
2954  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2955  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2956  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2957  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2958  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2959);
2960int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2961  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2962  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2963  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2964  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2965  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2966);
2967int sqlite3_prepare16(
2968  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2969  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2970  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2971  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2972  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2973);
2974int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2975  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2976  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2977  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2978  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2979  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2980);
2981
2982/*
2983** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
2984**
2985** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
2986** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
2987** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2988*/
2989const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2990
2991/*
2992** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
2993**
2994** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
2995** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
2996** the content of the database file.
2997**
2998** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
2999** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3000** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3001** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3002** change the database file through side-effects:
3003**
3004** <blockquote><pre>
3005**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3006** </pre></blockquote>
3007**
3008** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3009** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3010**
3011** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3012** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3013** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3014** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3015** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3016** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3017** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3018** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3019*/
3020int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3021
3022/*
3023** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3024**
3025** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3026** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3027** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3028** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3029** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3030** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3031** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3032**
3033** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3034** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3035** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3036** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3037** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3038*/
3039int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3040
3041/*
3042** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3043** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3044**
3045** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3046** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3047** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3048** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3049**
3050** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3051** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3052** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3053** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3054** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3055**
3056** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3057** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3058** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3059** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3060** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3061** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3062** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3063** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3064** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3065** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3066** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3067** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3068**
3069** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3070** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3071** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3072** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3073** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3074** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3075** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3076** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3077*/
3078typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3079
3080/*
3081** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3082**
3083** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3084** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3085** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3086** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3087** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3088** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3089** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3090** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3091*/
3092typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3093
3094/*
3095** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3096** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3097** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3098**
3099** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3100** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3101** templates:
3102**
3103** <ul>
3104** <li>  ?
3105** <li>  ?NNN
3106** <li>  :VVV
3107** <li>  @VVV
3108** <li>  $VVV
3109** </ul>
3110**
3111** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3112** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3113** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3114** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3115**
3116** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3117** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3118** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3119**
3120** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3121** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3122** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3123** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3124** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3125** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3126** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3127** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3128** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3129**
3130** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3131**
3132** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3133** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3134** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3135** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
3136** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3137** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3138** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3139** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3140** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3141** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3142** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3143** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3144**
3145** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3146** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3147** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3148** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3149** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3150** ^If the fifth argument is
3151** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3152** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3153** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3154** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3155** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3156**
3157** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3158** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3159** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3160** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3161** content is later written using
3162** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3163** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3164**
3165** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3166** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3167** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3168** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3169** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3170** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3171**
3172** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3173** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3174**
3175** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3176** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3177** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3178** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3179**
3180** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3181** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3182*/
3183int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3184int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3185int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3186int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3187int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3188int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3189int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3190int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3191int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3192
3193/*
3194** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3195**
3196** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3197** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3198** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3199** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3200** to the parameters at a later time.
3201**
3202** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3203** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3204** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3205** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3206**
3207** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3208** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3209** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3210*/
3211int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3212
3213/*
3214** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3215**
3216** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3217** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3218** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3219** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3220** respectively.
3221** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3222** is included as part of the name.)^
3223** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3224** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3225**
3226** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3227**
3228** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3229** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3230** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3231** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3232** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3233**
3234** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3235** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3236** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3237*/
3238const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3239
3240/*
3241** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3242**
3243** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3244** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3245** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3246** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3247** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3248** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3249**
3250** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3251** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3252** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3253*/
3254int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3255
3256/*
3257** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3258**
3259** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3260** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3261** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3262*/
3263int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3264
3265/*
3266** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3267**
3268** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3269** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3270** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3271**
3272** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3273*/
3274int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3275
3276/*
3277** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3278**
3279** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3280** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3281** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3282** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3283** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3284** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3285** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3286**
3287** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3288** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3289** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3290** or until the next call to
3291** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3292**
3293** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3294** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3295** NULL pointer is returned.
3296**
3297** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3298** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3299** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3300** one release of SQLite to the next.
3301*/
3302const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3303const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3304
3305/*
3306** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3307**
3308** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3309** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3310** [SELECT] statement.
3311** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3312** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3313** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3314** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3315** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3316** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3317** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3318** or until the same information is requested
3319** again in a different encoding.
3320**
3321** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3322** database, table, and column.
3323**
3324** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3325** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3326** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3327** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3328**
3329** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3330** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3331** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3332** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3333** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3334**
3335** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3336** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3337**
3338** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3339** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3340**
3341** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3342** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3343** undefined.
3344**
3345** If two or more threads call one or more
3346** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3347** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3348** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3349*/
3350const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3351const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3352const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3353const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3354const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3355const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3356
3357/*
3358** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3359**
3360** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3361** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3362** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3363** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3364** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3365** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3366** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3367**
3368** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3369**
3370** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3371**
3372** and the following statement to be compiled:
3373**
3374** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3375**
3376** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3377** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3378**
3379** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3380** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3381** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3382** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3383** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3384** used to hold those values.
3385*/
3386const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3387const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3388
3389/*
3390** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3391**
3392** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3393** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3394** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3395** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3396**
3397** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3398** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3399** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3400** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3401** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3402** interface will continue to be supported.
3403**
3404** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3405** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3406** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3407** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3408**
3409** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3410** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3411** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3412** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3413** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3414** continuing.
3415**
3416** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3417** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3418** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3419** machine back to its initial state.
3420**
3421** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3422** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3423** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3424** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3425**
3426** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3427** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3428** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3429** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3430** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3431** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3432** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3433** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3434**
3435** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3436** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3437** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3438** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3439** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3440** more threads at the same moment in time.
3441**
3442** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3443** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3444** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3445** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3446** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3447** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3448** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3449** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3450** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3451** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3452** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3453**
3454** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3455** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3456** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3457** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3458** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3459** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3460** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3461** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3462** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3463** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3464** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3465*/
3466int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3467
3468/*
3469** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3470**
3471** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3472** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3473** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3474** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3475** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3476** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3477** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3478** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3479** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3480** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3481** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3482** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3483**
3484** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3485*/
3486int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3487
3488/*
3489** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3490** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3491**
3492** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3493**
3494** <ul>
3495** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3496** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3497** <li> string
3498** <li> BLOB
3499** <li> NULL
3500** </ul>)^
3501**
3502** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3503**
3504** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3505** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3506** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3507** SQLITE_TEXT.
3508*/
3509#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3510#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3511#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3512#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3513#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3514# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3515#else
3516# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3517#endif
3518#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3519
3520/*
3521** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3522** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3523**
3524** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3525**
3526** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3527** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3528** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3529** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3530** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3531** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3532** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3533** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3534**
3535** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3536** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3537** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3538** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3539** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3540** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3541** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3542** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3543** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3544** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3545** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3546**
3547** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3548** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3549** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3550** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3551** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3552** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3553** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3554** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3555** following a type conversion.
3556**
3557** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3558** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3559** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3560** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3561** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3562** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3563** the number of bytes in that string.
3564** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3565**
3566** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3567** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3568** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3569** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3570** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3571** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3572** the number of bytes in that string.
3573** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3574**
3575** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3576** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3577** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3578** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3579** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3580**
3581** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3582** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3583** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3584**
3585** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3586** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3587** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3588** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3589** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3590** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3591** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3592**
3593** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3594** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3595** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3596** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3597** that are applied:
3598**
3599** <blockquote>
3600** <table border="1">
3601** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3602**
3603** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3604** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3605** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3606** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3607** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3608** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3609** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3610** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3611** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3612** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3613** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3614** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3615** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3616** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3617** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3618** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3619** </table>
3620** </blockquote>)^
3621**
3622** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3623** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3624** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3625** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3626** C programmers.
3627**
3628** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3629** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3630** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3631** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3632** in the following cases:
3633**
3634** <ul>
3635** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3636**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3637**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3638** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3639**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3640**      to UTF-16.</li>
3641** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3642**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3643**      to UTF-8.</li>
3644** </ul>
3645**
3646** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3647** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3648** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3649** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3650** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3651**
3652** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3653** in one of the following ways:
3654**
3655** <ul>
3656**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3657**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3658**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3659** </ul>
3660**
3661** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3662** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3663** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3664** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3665** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3666** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3667** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3668**
3669** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3670** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3671** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3672** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3673** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3674** [sqlite3_free()].
3675**
3676** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3677** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3678** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3679** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3680** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3681*/
3682const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3683int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3684int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3685double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3686int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3687sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3688const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3689const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3690int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3691sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3692
3693/*
3694** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3695**
3696** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3697** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3698** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3699** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3700** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3701** [extended error code].
3702**
3703** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3704** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3705** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3706** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3707** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3708** completed execution.
3709**
3710** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3711**
3712** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3713** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3714** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3715** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3716** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3717*/
3718int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3719
3720/*
3721** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3722**
3723** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3724** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3725** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3726** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3727** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3728**
3729** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3730** back to the beginning of its program.
3731**
3732** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3733** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3734** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3735** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3736**
3737** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3738** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3739** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3740**
3741** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3742** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3743*/
3744int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3745
3746/*
3747** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3748** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3749** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3750** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3751**
3752** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3753** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3754** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3755** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3756** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3757** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3758** the application data pointer.
3759**
3760** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3761** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3762** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3763** to each database connection separately.
3764**
3765** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3766** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3767** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3768** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3769** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3770** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3771**
3772** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3773** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3774** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3775** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3776** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3777** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3778** undefined.
3779**
3780** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3781** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3782** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3783** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3784** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3785** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3786** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3787** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3788** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3789** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3790** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3791**
3792** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3793** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3794**
3795** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3796** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3797** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3798** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3799** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3800** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3801** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
3802** callbacks.
3803**
3804** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3805** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
3806** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3807** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
3808** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
3809** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
3810** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3811** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
3812** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3813**
3814** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3815** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3816** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3817** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3818** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3819** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3820** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3821** matches the database encoding is a better
3822** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3823** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3824** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3825** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3826**
3827** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3828**
3829** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3830** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3831** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3832** statement in which the function is running.
3833*/
3834int sqlite3_create_function(
3835  sqlite3 *db,
3836  const char *zFunctionName,
3837  int nArg,
3838  int eTextRep,
3839  void *pApp,
3840  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3841  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3842  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3843);
3844int sqlite3_create_function16(
3845  sqlite3 *db,
3846  const void *zFunctionName,
3847  int nArg,
3848  int eTextRep,
3849  void *pApp,
3850  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3851  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3852  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3853);
3854int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3855  sqlite3 *db,
3856  const char *zFunctionName,
3857  int nArg,
3858  int eTextRep,
3859  void *pApp,
3860  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3861  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3862  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3863  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3864);
3865
3866/*
3867** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3868**
3869** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3870** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3871*/
3872#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3873#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3874#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3875#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3876#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3877#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3878
3879/*
3880** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3881** DEPRECATED
3882**
3883** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3884** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3885** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3886** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3887** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3888*/
3889#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3890SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3891SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3892SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3893SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3894SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3895SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3896#endif
3897
3898/*
3899** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3900**
3901** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3902** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3903** the function or aggregate.
3904**
3905** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3906** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3907** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3908** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3909** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3910** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3911** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3912**
3913** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3914** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3915** object results in undefined behavior.
3916**
3917** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3918** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3919** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3920**
3921** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3922** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
3923** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3924** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3925**
3926** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3927** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3928** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3929** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3930** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3931** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3932** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
3933**
3934** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3935** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3936** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3937** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3938** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3939**
3940** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3941** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3942*/
3943const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3944int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3945int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3946double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3947int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3948sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3949const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3950const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3951const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3952const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3953int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3954int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3955
3956/*
3957** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
3958**
3959** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
3960** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
3961**
3962** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
3963** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
3964** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
3965** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
3966** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
3967** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
3968** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
3969** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
3970** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
3971** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
3972** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
3973** first time from within xFinal().)^
3974**
3975** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
3976** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
3977**
3978** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
3979** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
3980** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
3981** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
3982** allocation.)^
3983**
3984** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
3985** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
3986**
3987** The first parameter must be a copy of the
3988** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
3989** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
3990** function.
3991**
3992** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3993** the aggregate SQL function is running.
3994*/
3995void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
3996
3997/*
3998** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
3999**
4000** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4001** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4002** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4003** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4004** registered the application defined function.
4005**
4006** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4007** the application-defined function is running.
4008*/
4009void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4010
4011/*
4012** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4013**
4014** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4015** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4016** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4017** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4018** registered the application defined function.
4019*/
4020sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4021
4022/*
4023** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4024**
4025** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
4026** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4027** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4028** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
4029** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
4030** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
4031** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
4032** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4033** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
4034** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
4035**
4036** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4037** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4038** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
4039** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
4040** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
4041** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
4042**
4043** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
4044** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
4045** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
4046** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
4047** not been destroyed.
4048** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
4049** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
4050** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
4051** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
4052**
4053** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
4054** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
4055** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
4056**
4057** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4058** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
4059** values and [parameters].)^
4060**
4061** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4062** the SQL function is running.
4063*/
4064void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4065void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4066
4067
4068/*
4069** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4070**
4071** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4072** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4073** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4074** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4075** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4076** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4077** the content before returning.
4078**
4079** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4080** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
4081*/
4082typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4083#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4084#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4085
4086/*
4087** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4088**
4089** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4090** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4091** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4092** for additional information.
4093**
4094** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4095** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4096** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4097**
4098** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4099** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4100** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4101** third parameter.
4102**
4103** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4104** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4105** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4106**
4107** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4108** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4109** by its 2nd argument.
4110**
4111** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4112** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4113** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4114** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4115** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4116** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4117** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4118** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4119** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4120** message all text up through the first zero character.
4121** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4122** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4123** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4124** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4125** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4126** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4127** modify the text after they return without harm.
4128** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4129** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4130** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4131** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4132**
4133** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4134** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4135**
4136** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
4137** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4138**
4139** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4140** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4141** value given in the 2nd argument.
4142** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4143** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4144** value given in the 2nd argument.
4145**
4146** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4147** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4148**
4149** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4150** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4151** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4152** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4153** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4154** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4155** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4156** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4157** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4158** through the first zero character.
4159** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4160** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4161** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4162** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4163** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4164** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4165** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4166** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4167** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4168** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4169** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4170** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4171** finished using that result.
4172** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4173** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4174** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4175** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4176** when it has finished using that result.
4177** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4178** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4179** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4180** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4181**
4182** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4183** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4184** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4185** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4186** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4187** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4188** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4189** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4190** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4191**
4192** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4193** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4194** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4195*/
4196void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4197void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4198void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4199void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4200void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4201void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4202void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4203void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4204void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4205void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4206void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4207void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4208void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4209void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4210void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4211void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4212
4213/*
4214** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4215**
4216** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4217** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4218**
4219** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4220** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4221** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4222** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4223** considered to be the same name.
4224**
4225** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4226** <ul>
4227** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4228** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4229** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4230** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4231** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4232** </ul>)^
4233** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4234** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4235** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4236** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4237** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4238** on an even byte address.
4239**
4240** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4241** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4242**
4243** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4244** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4245** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4246** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4247** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4248** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4249** that collation is no longer usable.
4250**
4251** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4252** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4253** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4254** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4255** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4256** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4257** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4258** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4259** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4260** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4261** strings A, B, and C:
4262**
4263** <ol>
4264** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4265** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4266** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4267** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4268** </ol>
4269**
4270** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4271** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4272** is undefined.
4273**
4274** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4275** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4276** the collating function is deleted.
4277** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4278** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4279** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4280**
4281** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4282** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4283** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4284** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4285** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4286** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4287** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4288** compatibility.
4289**
4290** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4291*/
4292int sqlite3_create_collation(
4293  sqlite3*,
4294  const char *zName,
4295  int eTextRep,
4296  void *pArg,
4297  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4298);
4299int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4300  sqlite3*,
4301  const char *zName,
4302  int eTextRep,
4303  void *pArg,
4304  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4305  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4306);
4307int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4308  sqlite3*,
4309  const void *zName,
4310  int eTextRep,
4311  void *pArg,
4312  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4313);
4314
4315/*
4316** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4317**
4318** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4319** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4320** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4321** sequence is required.
4322**
4323** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4324** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4325** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4326** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4327** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4328**
4329** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4330** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4331** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4332** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4333** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4334** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4335** required collation sequence.)^
4336**
4337** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4338** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4339** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4340*/
4341int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4342  sqlite3*,
4343  void*,
4344  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4345);
4346int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4347  sqlite3*,
4348  void*,
4349  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4350);
4351
4352#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4353/*
4354** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4355** called right after sqlite3_open().
4356**
4357** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4358** of SQLite.
4359*/
4360int sqlite3_key(
4361  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4362  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4363);
4364
4365/*
4366** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4367** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4368** database is decrypted.
4369**
4370** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4371** of SQLite.
4372*/
4373int sqlite3_rekey(
4374  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4375  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4376);
4377
4378/*
4379** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4380** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4381*/
4382void sqlite3_activate_see(
4383  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4384);
4385#endif
4386
4387#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4388/*
4389** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4390** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4391*/
4392void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4393  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4394);
4395#endif
4396
4397/*
4398** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4399**
4400** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4401** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4402**
4403** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4404** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4405** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4406** requested from the operating system is returned.
4407**
4408** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4409** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4410** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4411** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4412** in the previous paragraphs.
4413*/
4414int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4415
4416/*
4417** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4418**
4419** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4420** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4421** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4422** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4423** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4424** temporary file directory.
4425**
4426** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4427** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4428** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4429** thread.
4430** It is intended that this variable be set once
4431** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4432** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4433** thereafter.
4434**
4435** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4436** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4437** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4438** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4439** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4440** using [sqlite3_free].
4441** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4442** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4443** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4444*/
4445SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4446
4447/*
4448** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4449** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4450**
4451** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4452** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4453** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4454** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4455** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4456**
4457** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4458** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4459** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4460** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4461** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4462** an error is to use this function.
4463**
4464** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4465** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4466** is undefined.
4467*/
4468int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4469
4470/*
4471** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4472**
4473** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4474** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4475** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4476** that was the first argument
4477** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4478** create the statement in the first place.
4479*/
4480sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4481
4482/*
4483** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4484**
4485** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4486** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4487** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4488** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4489** a NULL pointer is returned.
4490**
4491** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4492** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4493** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4494** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4495*/
4496const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4497
4498/*
4499** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4500**
4501** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4502** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4503** the name of a database on connection D.
4504*/
4505int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4506
4507/*
4508** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4509**
4510** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4511** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4512** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4513** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4514** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4515**
4516** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4517** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4518** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4519*/
4520sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4521
4522/*
4523** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4524**
4525** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4526** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4527** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4528** for the same database connection is overridden.
4529** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4530** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4531** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4532** for the same database connection is overridden.
4533** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4534** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4535** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4536**
4537** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4538** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4539** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4540** the first call for each function on D.
4541**
4542** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4543** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4544** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4545** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4546** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4547** or rollback hook in the first place.
4548** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4549** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4550** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4551**
4552** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4553**
4554** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4555** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4556** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4557** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4558** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4559**
4560** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4561** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4562** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4563** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4564** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4565**
4566** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4567*/
4568void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4569void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4570
4571/*
4572** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4573**
4574** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4575** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4576** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4577** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4578** for the same database connection is overridden.
4579**
4580** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4581** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4582** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4583** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4584** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4585** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4586** to be invoked.
4587** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4588** database and table name containing the affected row.
4589** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4590** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4591**
4592** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4593** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4594**
4595** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4596** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4597** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4598** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4599** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4600** release of SQLite.
4601**
4602** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4603** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4604** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4605** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4606** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4607** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4608**
4609** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4610** returns the P argument from the previous call
4611** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4612** the first call on D.
4613**
4614** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4615** interfaces.
4616*/
4617void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4618  sqlite3*,
4619  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4620  void*
4621);
4622
4623/*
4624** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4625** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
4626**
4627** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4628** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4629** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4630** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4631**
4632** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4633** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4634** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4635**
4636** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4637** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4638** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4639** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4640**
4641** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4642** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4643**
4644** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4645** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4646** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4647**
4648** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4649*/
4650int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4651
4652/*
4653** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4654**
4655** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4656** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4657** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4658** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4659** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4660** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4661** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4662** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4663**
4664** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4665*/
4666int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4667
4668/*
4669** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4670**
4671** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4672** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4673** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is effect even
4674** when then [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4675** omitted.
4676**
4677** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4678*/
4679int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4680
4681/*
4682** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4683**
4684** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4685** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4686** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4687** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4688** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4689** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4690** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4691** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4692** is advisory only.
4693**
4694** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4695** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4696** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4697** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4698** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4699** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4700**
4701** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4702**
4703** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4704** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4705**
4706** <ul>
4707** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4708** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4709**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4710**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4711** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
4712**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
4713** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4714**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4715**      from the heap.
4716** </ul>)^
4717**
4718** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4719** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4720** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4721** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4722** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4723** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4724** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4725** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4726** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4727**
4728** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4729** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4730*/
4731sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4732
4733/*
4734** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4735** DEPRECATED
4736**
4737** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4738** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4739** only.  All new applications should use the
4740** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4741*/
4742SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4743
4744
4745/*
4746** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4747**
4748** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4749** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4750** passed as the first function argument.
4751**
4752** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4753** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4754** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4755** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4756** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4757** resolve unqualified table references.
4758**
4759** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4760** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4761** may be NULL.
4762**
4763** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4764** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4765** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4766**
4767** ^(<blockquote>
4768** <table border="1">
4769** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4770**
4771** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4772** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4773** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4774** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4775** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4776** </table>
4777** </blockquote>)^
4778**
4779** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4780** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4781** call to any SQLite API function.
4782**
4783** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4784**
4785** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4786** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4787** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4788** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4789** parameters are set as follows:
4790**
4791** <pre>
4792**     data type: "INTEGER"
4793**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4794**     not null: 0
4795**     primary key: 1
4796**     auto increment: 0
4797** </pre>)^
4798**
4799** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4800** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4801** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4802** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4803**
4804** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4805** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4806*/
4807int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4808  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4809  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4810  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4811  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4812  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4813  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4814  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4815  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4816  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4817);
4818
4819/*
4820** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4821**
4822** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4823**
4824** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4825** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4826**
4827** ^The entry point is zProc.
4828** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4829** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4830** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4831** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4832** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4833** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4834** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4835** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4836** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4837**
4838** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4839** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4840** otherwise an error will be returned.
4841**
4842** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4843*/
4844int sqlite3_load_extension(
4845  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4846  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4847  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4848  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4849);
4850
4851/*
4852** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4853**
4854** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4855** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4856** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4857** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4858**
4859** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4860** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4861** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4862** it back off again.
4863*/
4864int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4865
4866/*
4867** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
4868**
4869** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
4870** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
4871** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked SQLite extension
4872** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
4873**
4874** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
4875** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
4876** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
4877** entry point where as follows:
4878**
4879** <blockquote><pre>
4880** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
4881** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
4882** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
4883** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
4884** &nbsp;  );
4885** </pre></blockquote>)^
4886**
4887** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
4888** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
4889** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
4890** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
4891** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
4892** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
4893** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
4894**
4895** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
4896** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
4897** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
4898**
4899** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].
4900*/
4901int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
4902
4903/*
4904** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
4905**
4906** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
4907** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
4908*/
4909void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4910
4911/*
4912** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4913** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4914** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4915**
4916** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4917** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4918*/
4919
4920/*
4921** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4922*/
4923typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4924typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4925typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4926typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4927
4928/*
4929** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
4930** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
4931**
4932** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
4933** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
4934** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
4935**
4936** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
4937** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
4938** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
4939** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
4940** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
4941** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
4942** any database connection.
4943*/
4944struct sqlite3_module {
4945  int iVersion;
4946  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4947               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4948               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4949  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4950               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4951               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4952  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
4953  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4954  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4955  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
4956  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4957  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
4958                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
4959  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4960  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4961  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
4962  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
4963  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
4964  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4965  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4966  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4967  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4968  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
4969                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4970                       void **ppArg);
4971  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
4972  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
4973  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
4974  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4975  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4976  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
4977};
4978
4979/*
4980** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
4981** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
4982**
4983** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
4984** of the [virtual table] interface to
4985** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
4986** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
4987** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
4988** results into the **Outputs** fields.
4989**
4990** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
4991**
4992** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
4993**
4994** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
4995** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
4996** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
4997** ^(The index of the column is stored in
4998** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
4999** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5000** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5001**
5002** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5003** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5004** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5005** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5006** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5007**
5008** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5009** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5010**
5011** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5012** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5013** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5014** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5015** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5016** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5017**
5018** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5019** [xFilter] method.
5020** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5021** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5022**
5023** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5024** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5025** sorting step is required.
5026**
5027** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
5028** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
5029** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
5030** cost of approximately log(N).
5031*/
5032struct sqlite3_index_info {
5033  /* Inputs */
5034  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5035  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5036     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5037     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5038     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5039     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5040  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5041  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5042  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5043     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5044     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5045  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5046  /* Outputs */
5047  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5048    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5049    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5050  } *aConstraintUsage;
5051  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5052  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5053  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5054  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5055  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5056};
5057
5058/*
5059** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5060**
5061** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5062** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5063** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5064** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5065*/
5066#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5067#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5068#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5069#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5070#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5071#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5072
5073/*
5074** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5075**
5076** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5077** ^Module names must be registered before
5078** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5079** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5080**
5081** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5082** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5083** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5084** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5085** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5086** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5087** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5088**
5089** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5090** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5091** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5092** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5093** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5094** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5095** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5096** destructor.
5097*/
5098int sqlite3_create_module(
5099  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5100  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5101  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5102  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5103);
5104int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5105  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5106  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5107  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5108  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5109  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5110);
5111
5112/*
5113** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5114** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5115**
5116** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5117** of this object to describe a particular instance
5118** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5119** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5120** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5121** common to all module implementations.
5122**
5123** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5124** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5125** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5126** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5127** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5128** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5129*/
5130struct sqlite3_vtab {
5131  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5132  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5133  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5134  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5135};
5136
5137/*
5138** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5139** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5140**
5141** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5142** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5143** [virtual table] and are used
5144** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5145** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5146** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5147** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5148** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5149** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5150**
5151** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5152** are common to all implementations.
5153*/
5154struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5155  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5156  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5157};
5158
5159/*
5160** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5161**
5162** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5163** [virtual table module] call this interface
5164** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5165** the virtual tables they implement.
5166*/
5167int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5168
5169/*
5170** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5171**
5172** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5173** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5174** But global versions of those functions
5175** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5176**
5177** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5178** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5179** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5180** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5181** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5182** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5183** by a [virtual table].
5184*/
5185int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5186
5187/*
5188** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5189** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5190** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5191** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5192**
5193** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5194** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5195*/
5196
5197/*
5198** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5199** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5200**
5201** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5202** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5203** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5204** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5205** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5206** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5207** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5208*/
5209typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5210
5211/*
5212** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5213**
5214** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5215** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5216** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5217**
5218** <pre>
5219**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5220** </pre>)^
5221**
5222** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5223** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5224** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5225** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5226** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5227**
5228** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5229** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5230** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5231** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5232** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5233**
5234** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5235** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5236** to be a null pointer.)^
5237** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5238** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5239** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5240** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5241** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5242**
5243** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5244** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5245** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5246** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5247** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5248** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5249** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5250** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5251** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5252** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5253**
5254** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5255** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5256** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5257** blob.
5258**
5259** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5260** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5261** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5262** this interface.
5263**
5264** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5265** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5266*/
5267int sqlite3_blob_open(
5268  sqlite3*,
5269  const char *zDb,
5270  const char *zTable,
5271  const char *zColumn,
5272  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5273  int flags,
5274  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5275);
5276
5277/*
5278** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5279**
5280** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5281** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5282** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5283** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5284** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5285** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5286**
5287** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5288** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5289** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5290** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5291** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5292** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5293** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5294** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5295** always returns zero.
5296**
5297** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5298*/
5299SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5300
5301/*
5302** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5303**
5304** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5305**
5306** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5307** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5308** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5309** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5310** until the close operation if they will fit.
5311**
5312** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5313** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5314** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5315** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5316**
5317** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5318** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5319**
5320** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5321** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5322*/
5323int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5324
5325/*
5326** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5327**
5328** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5329** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5330** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5331** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5332**
5333** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5334** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5335** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5336** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5337*/
5338int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5339
5340/*
5341** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5342**
5343** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5344** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5345** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5346**
5347** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5348** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5349** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5350** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5351** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5352**
5353** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5354** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5355**
5356** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5357** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5358**
5359** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5360** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5361** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5362** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5363**
5364** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5365*/
5366int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5367
5368/*
5369** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5370**
5371** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5372** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5373** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5374**
5375** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5376** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5377** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5378**
5379** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5380** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5381** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5382** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5383** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5384** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5385** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5386**
5387** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5388** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5389** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5390** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5391** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5392** or by other independent statements.
5393**
5394** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5395** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5396**
5397** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5398** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5399** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5400** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5401**
5402** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5403*/
5404int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5405
5406/*
5407** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5408**
5409** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5410** that SQLite uses to interact
5411** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5412** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5413** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5414** The following interfaces are provided.
5415**
5416** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5417** ^Names are case sensitive.
5418** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5419** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5420** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5421**
5422** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5423** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5424** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5425** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5426** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5427** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5428** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5429** then the behavior is undefined.
5430**
5431** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5432** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5433** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5434*/
5435sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5436int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5437int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5438
5439/*
5440** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5441**
5442** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5443** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5444** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5445** permitted to use any of these routines.
5446**
5447** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5448** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5449** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5450** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5451**
5452** <ul>
5453** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
5454** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5455** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5456** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5457** </ul>)^
5458**
5459** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5460** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5461** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
5462** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
5463** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
5464**
5465** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5466** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5467** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5468** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5469** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5470** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5471** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5472**
5473** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5474** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5475** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5476** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5477** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5478**
5479** <ul>
5480** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5481** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5482** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5483** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5484** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5485** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5486** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5487** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5488** </ul>)^
5489**
5490** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5491** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5492** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5493** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5494** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5495** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5496** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5497** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5498** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5499** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5500**
5501** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5502** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5503** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5504** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5505** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5506** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5507** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5508** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5509**
5510** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5511** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5512** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5513** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5514** the same type number.
5515**
5516** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5517** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5518** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5519** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5520** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5521** a static mutex.
5522**
5523** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5524** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5525** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5526** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5527** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5528** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5529** In such cases the,
5530** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5531** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5532** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5533** SQLite will never exhibit
5534** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5535**
5536** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5537** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5538** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5539** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5540**
5541** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5542** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5543** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5544** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5545** never do either.)^
5546**
5547** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5548** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5549** behave as no-ops.
5550**
5551** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5552*/
5553sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5554void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5555void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5556int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5557void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5558
5559/*
5560** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5561**
5562** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5563** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5564**
5565** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5566** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5567** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5568** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5569** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5570** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5571** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5572** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5573** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5574**
5575** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5576** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5577** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5578** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5579**
5580** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5581** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5582** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5583** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5584** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5585** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5586**
5587** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5588** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5589** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5590**
5591** <ul>
5592**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5593**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5594**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5595**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5596**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5597**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5598**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5599** </ul>)^
5600**
5601** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5602** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5603** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5604** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5605** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5606** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5607** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5608**
5609** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5610** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5611** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5612** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5613**
5614** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5615** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5616** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5617** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5618**
5619** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5620** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5621** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5622** prior to returning.
5623*/
5624typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5625struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5626  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5627  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5628  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5629  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5630  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5631  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5632  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5633  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5634  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5635};
5636
5637/*
5638** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5639**
5640** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5641** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5642** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5643** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5644** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5645** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5646** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5647** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5648**
5649** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5650** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5651**
5652** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5653** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5654** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5655** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5656**
5657** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5658** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5659** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5660** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5661** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5662** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5663** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5664** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5665*/
5666#ifndef NDEBUG
5667int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5668int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5669#endif
5670
5671/*
5672** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5673**
5674** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5675** which is one of these integer constants.
5676**
5677** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5678** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5679** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5680*/
5681#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5682#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5683#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5684#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5685#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5686#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5687#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5688#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5689#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
5690#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
5691
5692/*
5693** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5694**
5695** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5696** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5697** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5698** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5699** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5700*/
5701sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5702
5703/*
5704** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5705**
5706** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5707** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5708** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5709** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5710** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5711** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5712** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5713** main database file.
5714** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5715** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5716** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5717** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5718**
5719** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
5720** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
5721** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
5722** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
5723** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
5724**
5725** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5726** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5727** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5728** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5729** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5730** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5731** xFileControl method.
5732**
5733** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5734*/
5735int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5736
5737/*
5738** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5739**
5740** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5741** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5742** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5743** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5744**
5745** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5746** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5747** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5748**
5749** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5750** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5751** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5752** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5753*/
5754int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5755
5756/*
5757** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5758**
5759** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5760** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5761**
5762** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5763** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5764** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5765** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5766*/
5767#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5768#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5769#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5770#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5771#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5772#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5773#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5774#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5775#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5776#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5777#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5778#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5779#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5780#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
5781#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
5782#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
5783#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    19
5784
5785/*
5786** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5787**
5788** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5789** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5790** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5791** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5792** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5793** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5794** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5795** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5796** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5797** value.  For those parameters
5798** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5799** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5800** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5801**
5802** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5803** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5804**
5805** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5806** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5807** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5808** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5809** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5810** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5811**
5812** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5813*/
5814int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5815
5816
5817/*
5818** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5819** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
5820**
5821** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5822** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5823**
5824** <dl>
5825** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5826** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5827** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5828** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5829** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5830** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5831** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5832** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5833** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5834**
5835** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5836** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5837** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5838** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5839** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5840** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5841**
5842** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5843** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
5844** currently checked out.</dd>)^
5845**
5846** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5847** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5848** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5849** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5850** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5851**
5852** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
5853** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5854** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5855** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5856** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5857** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5858** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5859** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5860** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5861**
5862** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5863** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5864** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5865** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5866** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5867**
5868** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5869** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5870** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5871** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5872** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5873** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5874** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
5875**
5876** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5877** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5878** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5879** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5880** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5881** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5882** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5883** slots were available.
5884** </dd>)^
5885**
5886** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
5887** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5888** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5889** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5890** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5891**
5892** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
5893** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
5894** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
5895** </dl>
5896**
5897** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
5898*/
5899#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
5900#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
5901#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
5902#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
5903#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
5904#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
5905#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
5906#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
5907#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
5908#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
5909
5910/*
5911** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
5912**
5913** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5914** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
5915** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
5916** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
5917** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
5918** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
5919** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
5920** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
5921**
5922** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
5923** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
5924** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
5925** reset back down to the current value.
5926**
5927** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5928** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5929**
5930** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
5931*/
5932int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
5933
5934/*
5935** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
5936** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
5937**
5938** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
5939** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
5940**
5941** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
5942** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
5943** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
5944** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
5945** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
5946**
5947** <dl>
5948** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
5949** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
5950** checked out.</dd>)^
5951**
5952** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
5953** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
5954** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5955** the current value is always zero.)^
5956**
5957** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
5958** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
5959** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5960** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
5961** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
5962** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5963** the current value is always zero.)^
5964**
5965** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
5966** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
5967** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
5968** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
5969** memory already being in use.
5970** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
5971** the current value is always zero.)^
5972**
5973** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
5974** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5975** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
5976** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
5977**
5978** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
5979** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5980** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
5981** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
5982** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
5983** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
5984** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
5985** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
5986**
5987** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
5988** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5989** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
5990** the database connection.)^
5991** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
5992** </dd>
5993**
5994** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
5995** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
5996** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
5997** is always 0.
5998** </dd>
5999**
6000** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6001** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6002** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6003** is always 0.
6004** </dd>
6005**
6006** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6007** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6008** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6009** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6010** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6011** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6012** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6013** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6014** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6015** </dd>
6016** </dl>
6017*/
6018#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6019#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6020#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6021#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6022#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6023#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6024#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6025#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6026#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6027#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6028#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                  9   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6029
6030
6031/*
6032** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6033**
6034** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6035** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6036** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6037** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6038** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6039** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6040** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6041** an index.
6042**
6043** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6044** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6045** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6046** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6047** to be interrogated.)^
6048** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6049** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6050** interface call returns.
6051**
6052** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6053*/
6054int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6055
6056/*
6057** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6058** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6059**
6060** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6061** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6062** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6063**
6064** <dl>
6065** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6066** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6067** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6068** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6069** careful use of indices.</dd>
6070**
6071** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6072** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6073** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6074** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6075**
6076** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6077** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6078** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6079** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6080** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6081** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6082** </dl>
6083*/
6084#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6085#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6086#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6087
6088/*
6089** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6090**
6091** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6092** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6093** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6094** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6095** to the object.
6096**
6097** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6098*/
6099typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6100
6101/*
6102** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6103**
6104** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6105** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6106** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6107** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6108**
6109** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6110*/
6111typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6112struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6113  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6114  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6115};
6116
6117/*
6118** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6119** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6120**
6121** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6122** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6123** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6124** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6125** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6126** By implementing a
6127** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6128** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6129** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6130** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6131** how long.
6132**
6133** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6134** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6135** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6136**
6137** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6138** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6139** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6140** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6141**
6142** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6143** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6144** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6145** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6146** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6147** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6148** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6149** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6150** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6151** page cache.)^
6152**
6153** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6154** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6155** It can be used to clean up
6156** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6157** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6158**
6159** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6160** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6161** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6162** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6163** in multithreaded applications.
6164**
6165** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6166** call to xShutdown().
6167**
6168** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6169** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6170** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6171** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6172** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6173** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6174** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6175** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6176** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6177** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6178** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6179** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6180** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6181** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6182** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6183** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6184** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6185** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6186** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6187** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6188** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6189** never contain any unpinned pages.
6190**
6191** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6192** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6193** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6194** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6195** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6196** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6197** value; it is advisory only.
6198**
6199** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6200** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6201** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6202**
6203** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6204** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6205** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6206** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6207** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6208** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6209** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6210** for each entry in the page cache.
6211**
6212** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6213** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6214** to be "pinned".
6215**
6216** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6217** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6218** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6219** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6220** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6221**
6222** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6223** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
6224** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6225** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6226**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6227** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6228**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6229** </table>
6230**
6231** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6232** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6233** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6234** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6235** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6236**
6237** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6238** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6239** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6240** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6241** ^If the discard parameter is
6242** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6243** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6244** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6245**
6246** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6247** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6248** to xFetch().
6249**
6250** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6251** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6252** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6253** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6254** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6255** to be pinned.
6256**
6257** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6258** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6259** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6260** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6261** they can be safely discarded.
6262**
6263** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6264** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6265** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6266** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6267** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6268** functions.
6269**
6270** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6271** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6272** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6273** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6274** do their best.
6275*/
6276typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6277struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6278  int iVersion;
6279  void *pArg;
6280  int (*xInit)(void*);
6281  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6282  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6283  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6284  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6285  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6286  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6287  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6288      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6289  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6290  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6291  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6292};
6293
6294/*
6295** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6296** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6297** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6298*/
6299typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6300struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6301  void *pArg;
6302  int (*xInit)(void*);
6303  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6304  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6305  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6306  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6307  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6308  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6309  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6310  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6311  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6312};
6313
6314
6315/*
6316** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6317**
6318** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6319** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6320** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6321** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6322**
6323** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6324*/
6325typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6326
6327/*
6328** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6329**
6330** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6331** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6332** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6333**
6334** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6335**
6336** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6337** for the duration of the backup operation.
6338** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6339** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6340** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6341** preventing other database connections from
6342** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6343**
6344** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6345**   <ol>
6346**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6347**         backup,
6348**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6349**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6350**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6351**         associated with the backup operation.
6352**   </ol>)^
6353** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6354** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6355**
6356** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6357**
6358** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6359** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6360** and the database name, respectively.
6361** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6362** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6363** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6364** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6365** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6366** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6367** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6368** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6369** an error.
6370**
6371** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6372** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6373** destination [database connection] D.
6374** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6375** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6376** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6377** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6378** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6379** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6380** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6381** operation.
6382**
6383** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6384**
6385** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6386** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6387** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6388** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6389** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6390** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6391** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6392** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6393** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6394** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6395** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6396** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6397**
6398** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6399** <ol>
6400** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6401** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6402** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6403** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6404** destination and source page sizes differ.
6405** </ol>)^
6406**
6407** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6408** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6409** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6410** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6411** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6412** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6413** [database connection]
6414** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6415** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6416** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6417** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6418** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6419** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6420** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6421** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6422** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6423**
6424** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6425** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6426** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6427** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6428** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6429** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6430** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6431** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6432** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6433** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6434** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6435** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6436** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6437** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6438** updated at the same time.
6439**
6440** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6441**
6442** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6443** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6444** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6445** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6446** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6447** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6448** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6449** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6450** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6451**
6452** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6453** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6454** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6455** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6456** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6457** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6458**
6459** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6460** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6461** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6462**
6463** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6464** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6465**
6466** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6467** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6468** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6469** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6470** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6471**
6472** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6473** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6474** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6475** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6476** changing.
6477**
6478** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6479**
6480** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6481** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6482** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6483** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6484** from within other threads.
6485**
6486** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6487** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6488** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6489** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6490** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6491** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6492** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6493** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6494**
6495** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6496** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6497** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6498** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6499** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6500** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6501**
6502** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6503** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6504** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6505** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6506** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6507** possible that they return invalid values.
6508*/
6509sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6510  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6511  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6512  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6513  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6514);
6515int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6516int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6517int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6518int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6519
6520/*
6521** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6522**
6523** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6524** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6525** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6526** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6527** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6528** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6529** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6530** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6531**
6532** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6533**
6534** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6535** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6536**
6537** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6538** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6539** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6540** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6541** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6542** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6543** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6544** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6545** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6546** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6547**
6548** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6549** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6550** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6551** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6552** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6553**
6554** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6555** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6556** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6557** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6558**
6559** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6560** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6561** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6562** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6563** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6564** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6565** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6566** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6567**
6568** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6569** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6570** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6571**
6572** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6573** returns SQLITE_OK.
6574**
6575** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6576**
6577** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6578** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6579** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6580** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6581** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6582** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6583**
6584** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6585** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6586** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6587** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6588** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6589** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6590** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6591** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6592**
6593** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6594**
6595** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6596** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6597** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6598** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6599** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6600** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6601** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6602**
6603** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6604** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6605** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6606** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6607** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6608** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6609** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6610** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6611** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6612** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6613** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6614** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6615**
6616** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6617**
6618** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6619** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6620** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6621** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6622** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6623** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6624** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6625** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6626** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6627**
6628** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6629** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6630** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6631** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6632** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6633*/
6634int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6635  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6636  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6637  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6638);
6639
6640
6641/*
6642** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6643**
6644** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
6645** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
6646** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
6647** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
6648*/
6649int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
6650int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
6651
6652/*
6653** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
6654**
6655** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
6656** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
6657** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
6658** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
6659**
6660** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
6661** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
6662** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
6663** is considered bad form.
6664**
6665** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
6666**
6667** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
6668** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
6669** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
6670** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
6671** buffer.
6672*/
6673void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
6674
6675/*
6676** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
6677**
6678** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
6679** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
6680** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
6681** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
6682**
6683** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
6684** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
6685** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
6686**
6687** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
6688** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
6689** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
6690** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
6691** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
6692** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
6693** including those that were just committed.
6694**
6695** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
6696** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
6697** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
6698** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6699** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6700** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6701** are undefined.
6702**
6703** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6704** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6705** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6706** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6707** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6708** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6709*/
6710void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6711  sqlite3*,
6712  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6713  void*
6714);
6715
6716/*
6717** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6718**
6719** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6720** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6721** to automatically [checkpoint]
6722** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6723** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6724** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6725** checkpoints entirely.
6726**
6727** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6728** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6729** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6730** configured by this function.
6731**
6732** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6733** from SQL.
6734**
6735** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6736** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
6737** pages.  The use of this interface
6738** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6739** for a particular application.
6740*/
6741int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6742
6743/*
6744** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6745**
6746** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6747** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6748** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6749** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6750** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6751**
6752** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6753** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6754** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6755** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6756**
6757** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6758*/
6759int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6760
6761/*
6762** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6763**
6764** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
6765** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
6766** eMode parameter:
6767**
6768** <dl>
6769** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
6770**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
6771**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
6772**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
6773**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
6774**
6775** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
6776**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
6777**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
6778**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
6779**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6780**   but not database readers.
6781**
6782** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
6783**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
6784**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
6785**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
6786**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
6787**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6788**   but not database readers.
6789** </dl>
6790**
6791** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
6792** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
6793** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
6794** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
6795** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
6796** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
6797** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
6798**
6799** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
6800** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
6801** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
6802** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
6803**
6804** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
6805** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
6806** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
6807** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
6808** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
6809** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
6810** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
6811** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
6812** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
6813** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
6814**
6815** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
6816** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
6817** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
6818** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
6819** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
6820** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
6821** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
6822** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
6823** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
6824** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
6825**
6826** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
6827** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
6828** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
6829** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
6830*/
6831int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
6832  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
6833  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
6834  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
6835  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
6836  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
6837);
6838
6839/*
6840** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
6841**
6842** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
6843** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6844** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
6845** each of these values.
6846*/
6847#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
6848#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
6849#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
6850
6851/*
6852** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
6853**
6854** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
6855** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
6856** various facets of the virtual table interface.
6857**
6858** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
6859** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
6860**
6861** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
6862** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
6863** may be added in the future.
6864*/
6865int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
6866
6867/*
6868** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
6869**
6870** These macros define the various options to the
6871** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
6872** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
6873**
6874** <dl>
6875** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
6876** <dd>Calls of the form
6877** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
6878** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
6879** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
6880** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
6881** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
6882** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
6883** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
6884** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
6885**
6886** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
6887** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
6888** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
6889** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
6890** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
6891** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
6892** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
6893** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
6894** had been ABORT.
6895**
6896** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
6897** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
6898** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
6899** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
6900** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
6901** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
6902** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
6903** constraint handling.
6904** </dl>
6905*/
6906#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
6907
6908/*
6909** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
6910**
6911** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
6912** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
6913** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
6914** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6915** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
6916** [virtual table].
6917*/
6918int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
6919
6920/*
6921** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
6922**
6923** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
6924** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6925** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
6926**
6927** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
6928** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
6929** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
6930*/
6931#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
6932/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
6933#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
6934/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
6935#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
6936
6937
6938
6939/*
6940** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
6941** builds on processors without floating point support.
6942*/
6943#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
6944# undef double
6945#endif
6946
6947#ifdef __cplusplus
6948}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
6949#endif
6950#endif
6951