xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision 1d40cdbd)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#endif
193
194/*
195** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196**
197** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200**
201** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207**
208** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212**
213** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216**
217** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227**
228** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229*/
230int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231
232/*
233** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235**
236** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241** interfaces (such as
242** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244** sqlite3 object.
245*/
246typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247
248/*
249** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251**
252** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254**
255** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257** compatibility only.
258**
259** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263*/
264#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268# else
269    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270# endif
271#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274#else
275  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277#endif
278typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280
281/*
282** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283** substitute integer for floating-point.
284*/
285#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286# define double sqlite3_int64
287#endif
288
289/*
290** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292**
293** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294** for the [sqlite3] object.
295** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297** resources are deallocated.
298**
299** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309**
310** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319**
320** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322**
323** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324** must be either a NULL
325** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329** argument is a harmless no-op.
330*/
331int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333
334/*
335** The type for a callback function.
336** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337** compatibility and is not documented.
338*/
339typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340
341/*
342** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343** METHOD: sqlite3
344**
345** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348** without having to use a lot of C code.
349**
350** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359** ignored.
360**
361** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371** NULL before returning.
372**
373** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376**
377** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386**
387** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390** is not changed.
391**
392** Restrictions:
393**
394** <ul>
395** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396**      is a valid and open [database connection].
397** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401** </ul>
402*/
403int sqlite3_exec(
404  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409);
410
411/*
412** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414**
415** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417**
418** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419**
420** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421*/
422#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423/* beginning-of-error-codes */
424#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454/* end-of-error-codes */
455
456/*
457** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459**
460** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465** and later) include
466** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468** on a per database connection basis using the
469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470** the most recent error can be obtained using
471** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472*/
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
507#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
508#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
509#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
516#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
517#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
518#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
519#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
520#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
521#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
522#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
523#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
524#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
525#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
526#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
527#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
528#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
533#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
534#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
535#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
536#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
537#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
538
539/*
540** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
541**
542** These bit values are intended for use in the
543** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
544** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
545*/
546#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
566
567/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
568
569/*
570** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
571**
572** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
573** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
574** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
575** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
576** refers to.
577**
578** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
579** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
580** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
581** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
582** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
583** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
584** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
585** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
586** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
587** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
588** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
589** file that were written at the application level might have changed
590** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
591** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
592** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
593** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
594** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
595** elevated privileges.
596**
597** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
598** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
599** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
600** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
601*/
602#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
603#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
604#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
605#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
606#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
607#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
608#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
609#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
617
618/*
619** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
620**
621** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
622** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
623** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
624*/
625#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
626#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
627#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
628#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
629#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
630
631/*
632** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
633**
634** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
635** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
636** these integer values as the second argument.
637**
638** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
639** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
640** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
641** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
642** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
643** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
644**
645** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
646** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
647** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
648** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
649** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
650** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
651** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
652** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
653** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
654** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
655** cares about the difference.)
656*/
657#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
658#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
659#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
660
661/*
662** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
663**
664** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
665** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
666** implementations will
667** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
668** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
669** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
670** I/O operations on the open file.
671*/
672typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
673struct sqlite3_file {
674  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
675};
676
677/*
678** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
679**
680** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
681** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
682** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
683** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
684** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
685**
686** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
687** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
688** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
689** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
690** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
691** to NULL.
692**
693** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
694** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
695** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
696** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
697** and not its inode needs to be synced.
698**
699** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
700** <ul>
701** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
702** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
703** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
704** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
705** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
706** </ul>
707** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
708** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
709** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
710** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
711** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
712**
713** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
714** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
715** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
716** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
717** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
718** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
719** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
720** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
721** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
722** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
723** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
724** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
725** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
726** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
727** recognize.
728**
729** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
730** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
731** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
732** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
733** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
734** underlying device:
735**
736** <ul>
737** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
738** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
739** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
740** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
741** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
742** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
743** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
744** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
752** </ul>
753**
754** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
755** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
756** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
757** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
758** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
759** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
760** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
761** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
762** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
763** to xWrite().
764**
765** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
766** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
767** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
768** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
769** database corruption.
770*/
771typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
772struct sqlite3_io_methods {
773  int iVersion;
774  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
775  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
776  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
777  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
778  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
779  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
780  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
781  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
782  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
783  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
784  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
785  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
786  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
787  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
788  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
789  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
790  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
791  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
792  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
793  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
794  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
795  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
796};
797
798/*
799** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
800** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
801**
802** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
803** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
804** interface.
805**
806** <ul>
807** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
808** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
809** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
810** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
811** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
812** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
813** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
814** compile-time option is used.
815**
816** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
817** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
818** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
819** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
820** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
821** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
822** file run faster.
823**
824** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
825** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
826** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
827** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
828** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
829** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
830** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
831** improve performance on some systems.
832**
833** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
834** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
835** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
836** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
837**
838** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
839** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
840** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
841** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
842** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
843**
844** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
845** No longer in use.
846**
847** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
848** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
849** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
850** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
851** because the user has configured SQLite with
852** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
853** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
854** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
855** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
856** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
857** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
858** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
859** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
860**
861** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
862** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
863** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
864** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
865** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
866** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
867** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
868**
869** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
870** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
871** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
872** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
873** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
874** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
875** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
876** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
877** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
878** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
879** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
880** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
881** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
882** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
883** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
884** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
885**
886** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
887** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
888** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
889** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
890** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
891** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
892** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
893** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
894** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
895** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
896** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
897** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
898** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
899** WAL persistence setting.
900**
901** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
902** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
903** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
904** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
905** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
906** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
907** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
908** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
909** zero-damage mode setting.
910**
911** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
912** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
913** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
914** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
915** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
916**
917** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
918** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
919** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
920** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
921** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
922** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
923** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
924** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
925** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
926** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
927** is intended for diagnostic use only.
928**
929** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
930** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
931** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
932** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
933** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
934** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
935** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
936** upper-most shim only.
937**
938** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
939** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
940** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
941** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
942** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
943** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
944** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
945** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
946** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
947** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
948** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
949** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
950** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
951** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
952** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
953** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
954** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
955** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
956** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
957** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
958** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
959** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
960** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
961** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
962**
963** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
964** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
965** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
966** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
967** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
968** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
969** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
970** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
971** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
972** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
973** current operation.
974**
975** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
976** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
977** to have SQLite generate a
978** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
979** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
980** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
981** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
982** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
983**
984** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
985** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
986** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
987** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
988** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
989** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
990** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
991** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
992** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
993**
994** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
995** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
996** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
997** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
998** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
999** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1000** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1001**
1002** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1003** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1004** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1005** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1006** was first opened.
1007**
1008** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1009** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1010** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1011** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1012** writes the resulting value there.
1013**
1014** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1015** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1016** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1017** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1018** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1019**
1020** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1021** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1022** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1023** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1024** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1025** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1026**
1027** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1028** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1029** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1030**
1031** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1032** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1033** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1034** this opcode.
1035**
1036** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1037** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1038** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1039** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1040** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1041** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1042** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1043** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1044** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1045** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1046** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1047** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1048**
1049** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1050** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1051** operations since the previous successful call to
1052** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1053** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1054** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1055** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1056** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1057** write operations are independent.
1058** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1059** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1060**
1061** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1062** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1063** operations since the previous successful call to
1064** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1065** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1066** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1067** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1068** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1069**
1070** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1071** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1072** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1073** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1074** unsigned integer parameter.
1075** </ul>
1076*/
1077#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1078#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1079#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1080#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1081#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1082#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1083#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1084#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1085#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1086#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1087#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1088#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1089#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1090#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1091#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1092#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1093#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1094#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1095#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1096#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1097#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1098#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1099#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1100#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1101#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1102#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1103#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1104#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1105#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1106#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1107#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1108#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1109#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1110
1111/* deprecated names */
1112#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1113#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1114#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1115
1116
1117/*
1118** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1119**
1120** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1121** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1122** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1123** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1124**
1125** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1126*/
1127typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1128
1129/*
1130** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1131**
1132** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1133** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1134** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1135** on some platforms.
1136*/
1137typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1138
1139/*
1140** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1141**
1142** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1143** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1144** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1145** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1146**
1147** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1148** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1149** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1150** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1151** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1152** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1153** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1154** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1155** Note that the structure
1156** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1157** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1158** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1159**
1160** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1161** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1162** a pathname in this VFS.
1163**
1164** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1165** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1166** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1167** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1168** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1169** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1170**
1171** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1172** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1173** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1174** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1175** object once the object has been registered.
1176**
1177** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1178** be unique across all VFS modules.
1179**
1180** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1181** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1182** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1183** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1184** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1185** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1186** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1187** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1188** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1189** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1190** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1191** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1192** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1193** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1194** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1195** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1196**
1197** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1198** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1199** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1200** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1201** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1202** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1203**
1204** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1205** call, depending on the object being opened:
1206**
1207** <ul>
1208** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1209** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1210** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1211** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1212** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1213** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1214** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1215** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1216** </ul>)^
1217**
1218** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1219** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1220** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1221** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1222** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1223** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1224** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1225** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1226**
1227** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1228**
1229** <ul>
1230** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1231** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1232** </ul>
1233**
1234** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1235** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1236** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1237** databases, and subjournals.
1238**
1239** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1240** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1241** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1242** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1243** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1244** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1245** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1246** for exclusive access.
1247**
1248** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1249** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1250** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1251** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1252** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1253** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1254** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1255** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1256** or failure of the xOpen call.
1257**
1258** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1259** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1260** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1261** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1262** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1263** directory.
1264**
1265** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1266** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1267** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1268** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1269** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1270** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1271**
1272** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1273** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1274** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1275** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1276** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1277** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1278** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1279** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1280** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1281** a floating point value.
1282** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1283** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1284** a 24-hour day).
1285** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1286** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1287** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1288** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1289**
1290** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1291** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1292** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1293** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1294** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1295** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1296** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1297** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1298** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1299** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1300** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1301*/
1302typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1303typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1304struct sqlite3_vfs {
1305  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1306  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1307  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1308  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1309  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1310  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1311  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1312               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1313  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1314  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1315  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1316  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1317  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1318  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1319  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1320  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1321  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1322  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1323  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1324  /*
1325  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1326  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1327  */
1328  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1329  /*
1330  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1331  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1332  */
1333  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1334  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1335  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1336  /*
1337  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1338  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1339  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1340  */
1341};
1342
1343/*
1344** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1345**
1346** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1347** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1348** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1349** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1350** simply checks whether the file exists.
1351** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1352** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1353** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1354** the directory).
1355** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1356** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1357** release of SQLite.
1358** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1359** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1360** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1361** SQLite.
1362*/
1363#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1364#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1365#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1366
1367/*
1368** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1369**
1370** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1371** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1372** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1373** xShmLock method:
1374**
1375** <ul>
1376** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1377** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1378** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1379** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1380** </ul>
1381**
1382** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1383** was given on the corresponding lock.
1384**
1385** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1386** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1387** and EXCLUSIVE.
1388*/
1389#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1390#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1391#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1392#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1393
1394/*
1395** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1396**
1397** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1398** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1399** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1400** lock outside of this range
1401*/
1402#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1403
1404
1405/*
1406** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1407**
1408** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1409** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1410** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1411** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1412** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1413** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1414**
1415** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1416** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1417** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1418** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1419** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1420** are harmless no-ops.)^
1421**
1422** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1423** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1424** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1425** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1426**
1427** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1428** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1429** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1430** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1431** sqlite3_shutdown().
1432**
1433** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1434** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1435** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1436**
1437** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1438** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1439** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1440** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1441**
1442** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1443** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1444** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1445** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1446** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1447** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1448** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1449** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1450** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1451** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1452** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1453** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1454** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1455** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1456**
1457** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1458** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1459** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1460** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1461** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1462** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1463** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1464**
1465** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1466** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1467** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1468** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1469** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1470** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1471** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1472** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1473** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1474** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1475** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1476** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1477** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1478** failure.
1479*/
1480int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1481int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1482int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1483int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1484
1485/*
1486** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1487**
1488** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1489** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1490** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1491** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1492** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1493**
1494** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1495** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1496** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1497**
1498** The sqlite3_config() interface
1499** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1500** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1501** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1502** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1503** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1504** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1505**
1506** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1507** [configuration option] that determines
1508** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1509** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1510** in the first argument.
1511**
1512** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1513** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1514** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1515*/
1516int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1517
1518/*
1519** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1520** METHOD: sqlite3
1521**
1522** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1523** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1524** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1525** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1526**
1527** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1528** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1529** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1530** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1531**
1532** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1533** the call is considered successful.
1534*/
1535int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1536
1537/*
1538** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1539**
1540** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1541** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1542**
1543** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1544** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1545** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1546** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1547** By creating an instance of this object
1548** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1549** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1550** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1551** dynamic memory needs.
1552**
1553** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1554** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1555** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1556** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1557** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1558** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1559** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1560** conditions.
1561**
1562** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1563** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1564** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1565** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1566**
1567** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1568** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1569** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1570**
1571** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1572** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1573** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1574** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1575** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1576** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1577** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1578**
1579** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1580** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1581** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1582** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1583** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1584** xInit and xShutdown.
1585**
1586** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1587** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1588** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1589** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1590** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1591** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1592** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1593** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1594** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1595** serialization.
1596**
1597** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1598** call to xShutdown().
1599*/
1600typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1601struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1602  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1603  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1604  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1605  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1606  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1607  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1608  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1609  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1610};
1611
1612/*
1613** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1614** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1615**
1616** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1617** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1618**
1619** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1620** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1621** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1622** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1623** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1624** is invoked.
1625**
1626** <dl>
1627** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1628** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1629** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1630** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1631** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1632** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1633** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1634** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1635** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1636** configuration option.</dd>
1637**
1638** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1639** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1640** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1641** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1642** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1643** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1644** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1645** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1646** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1647** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1648** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1649** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1650** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1651**
1652** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1653** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1654** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1655** all mutexes including the recursive
1656** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1657** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1658** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1659** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1660** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1661** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1662** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1663** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1664** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1665** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1666** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1667**
1668** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1669** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1670** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1671** The argument specifies
1672** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1673** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1674** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1675** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1676**
1677** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1678** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1679** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1680** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1681** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1682** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1683** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1684** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1685**
1686** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1687** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1688** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1689** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1690** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1691** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1692** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1693** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1694** </dd>
1695**
1696** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1697** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1698** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1699** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1700** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1701**   <ul>
1702**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1703**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1704**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1705**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1706**   </ul>)^
1707** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1708** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1709** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1710** </dd>
1711**
1712** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1713** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1714** </dd>
1715**
1716** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1717** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1718** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1719** cache implementation.
1720** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1721** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1722** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1723** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1724** and the number of cache lines (N).
1725** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1726** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1727** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1728** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1729** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1730** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1731** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1732** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1733** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1734** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1735** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1736** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1737** is exhausted.
1738** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1739** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1740** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1741** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1742** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1743** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1744** additional cache line. </dd>
1745**
1746** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1747** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1748** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1749** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1750** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1751** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1752** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1753** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1754** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1755** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1756** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1757** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1758** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1759** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1760** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1761** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1762** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1763** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1764** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1765**
1766** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1767** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1768** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1769** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1770** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1771** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1772** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1773** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1774** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1775** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1776** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1777**
1778** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1779** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1780** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1781** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1782** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1783** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1784** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1785** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1786** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1787** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1788** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1789** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1790**
1791** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1792** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1793** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1794** The first argument is the
1795** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1796** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1797** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1798** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1799** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1800**
1801** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1802** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1803** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1804** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1805** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1806**
1807** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1808** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1809** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1810** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1811**
1812** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1813** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1814** global [error log].
1815** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1816** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1817** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1818** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1819** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1820** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1821** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1822** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1823** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1824** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1825** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1826** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1827** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1828** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1829** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1830** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1831**
1832** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1833** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1834** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1835** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1836** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1837** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1838** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1839** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1840** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1841** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1842** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1843** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1844** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1845**
1846** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1847** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1848** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1849** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1850** ^The default setting is determined
1851** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1852** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1853** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1854** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1855** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1856** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1857** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1858**
1859** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1860** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1861** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1862** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1863** </dd>
1864**
1865** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1866** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1867** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1868** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1869** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1870** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1871** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1872** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1873** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1874** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1875** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1876** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1877** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1878** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1879** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1880** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1881**
1882** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1883** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1884** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1885** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1886** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1887** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1888** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1889** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1890** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1891** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1892** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1893** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1894** changed to its compile-time default.
1895**
1896** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1897** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1898** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1899** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1900** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1901** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1902**
1903** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1904** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1905** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1906** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1907** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1908** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1909** target platform, and SQLite version.
1910**
1911** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1912** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1913** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1914** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1915** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1916** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1917** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1918** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1919** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1920** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1921**
1922** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1923** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1924** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1925** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1926** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1927** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1928** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1929** exclusively in memory.
1930** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1931** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1932** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1933** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1934** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1935**
1936** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1937** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1938** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1939** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1940** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1941** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1942** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1943** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1944** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1945** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1946** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1947** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1948** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1949** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1950** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1951** </dl>
1952*/
1953#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1954#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1955#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1956#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1957#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1958#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1959#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1960#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1961#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1962#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1963#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1964/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1965#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1966#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1967#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1968#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1969#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1970#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1971#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1972#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1973#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1974#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1975#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1976#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1977#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1978#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1979#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
1980#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
1981
1982/*
1983** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1984**
1985** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1986** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1987**
1988** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1989** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1990** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1991** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1992** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1993** is invoked.
1994**
1995** <dl>
1996** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1997** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1998** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1999** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2000** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2001** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2002** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2003** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2004** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2005** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2006** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2007** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2008** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2009** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2010** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2011** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2012** when the "current value" returned by
2013** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2014** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2015** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2016** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2017**
2018** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2019** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2020** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2021** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2022** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2023** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2024** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2025** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2026** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2027**
2028** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2029** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2030** There should be two additional arguments.
2031** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2032** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2033** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2034** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2035** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2036** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2037**
2038** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2039** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2040** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2041** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2042** There should be two additional arguments.
2043** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2044** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2045** unchanged.
2046** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2047** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2048** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2049** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2050**
2051** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2052** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2053** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2054** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2055** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2056** There should be two additional arguments.
2057** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2058** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2059** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2060** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2061** C-API or the SQL function.
2062** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2063** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2064** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2065** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2066** </dd>
2067**
2068** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2069** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2070** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2071** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2072** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2073** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2074** until after the database connection closes.
2075** </dd>
2076**
2077** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2078** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2079** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2080** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2081** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2082** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2083** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2084** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2085** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2086** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2087** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2088** </dd>
2089**
2090** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2091** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2092** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2093** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2094** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2095** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2096** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2097** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2098** was used during testing in the lab.
2099** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2100** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2101** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2102** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2103** following this call.
2104** </dd>
2105**
2106** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2107** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2108** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2109** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2110** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2111** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2112** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2113** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2114** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2115** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2116** </dd>
2117**
2118** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2119** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2120** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2121** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2122** a badly corrupted database file:
2123** <ol>
2124** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2125** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2126** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2127** </ol>
2128** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2129** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2130** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2131** </dd>
2132** </dl>
2133*/
2134#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2135#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2136#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2137#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2138#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2139#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2140#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2141#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2142#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2143#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2144#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1009 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2145
2146/*
2147** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2148** METHOD: sqlite3
2149**
2150** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2151** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2152** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2153*/
2154int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2155
2156/*
2157** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2158** METHOD: sqlite3
2159**
2160** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2161** has a unique 64-bit signed
2162** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2163** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2164** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2165** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2166** is another alias for the rowid.
2167**
2168** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2169** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2170** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2171** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2172** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2173** zero.
2174**
2175** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2176** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2177** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2178**
2179** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2180** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2181** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2182** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2183** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2184** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2185** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2186** control to the user.
2187**
2188** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2189** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2190** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2191** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2192**
2193** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2194** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2195** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2196** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2197** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2198** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2199** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2200** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2201** the return value of this interface.)^
2202**
2203** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2204** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2205**
2206** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2207** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2208**
2209** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2210** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2211** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2212** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2213** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2214** last insert [rowid].
2215*/
2216sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2217
2218/*
2219** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2220** METHOD: sqlite3
2221**
2222** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2223** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2224** without inserting a row into the database.
2225*/
2226void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2227
2228/*
2229** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2230** METHOD: sqlite3
2231**
2232** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2233** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2234** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2235** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2236** returned by this function.
2237**
2238** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2239** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2240** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2241**
2242** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2243** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2244** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2245** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2246** tables are counted.
2247**
2248** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2249** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2250** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2251** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2252**
2253** <ul>
2254**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2255**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2256**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2257**
2258**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2259**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2260**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2261**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2262**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2263** </ul>
2264**
2265** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2266** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2267** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2268** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2269** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2270** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2271**
2272** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2273** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2274**
2275** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2276** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2277** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2278*/
2279int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2280
2281/*
2282** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2283** METHOD: sqlite3
2284**
2285** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2286** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2287** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2288** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2289** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2290**
2291** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2292** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2293** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2294** are not counted.
2295**
2296** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2297** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2298**
2299** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2300** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2301** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2302*/
2303int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2304
2305/*
2306** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2307** METHOD: sqlite3
2308**
2309** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2310** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2311** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2312** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2313** immediately.
2314**
2315** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2316** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2317** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2318** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2319**
2320** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2321** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2322** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2323**
2324** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2325** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2326** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2327** will be rolled back automatically.
2328**
2329** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2330** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2331** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2332** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2333** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2334** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2335** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2336** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2337** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2338** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2339*/
2340void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2341
2342/*
2343** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2344**
2345** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2346** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2347** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2348** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2349** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2350** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2351** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2352** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2353** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2354** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2355** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2356**
2357** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2358** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2359**
2360** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2361** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2362**
2363** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2364** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2365** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2366** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2367** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2368**
2369** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2370** UTF-8 string.
2371**
2372** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2373** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2374*/
2375int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2376int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2377
2378/*
2379** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2380** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2381** METHOD: sqlite3
2382**
2383** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2384** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2385** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2386** [database connection] D when another thread
2387** or process has the table locked.
2388** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2389** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2390**
2391** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2392** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2393** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2394**
2395** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2396** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2397** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2398** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2399** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2400** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2401** to the application.
2402** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2403** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2404**
2405** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2406** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2407** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2408** to the application instead of invoking the
2409** busy handler.
2410** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2411** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2412** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2413** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2414** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2415** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2416** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2417** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2418** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2419** the second process to proceed.
2420**
2421** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2422**
2423** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2424** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2425** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2426** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2427** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2428**
2429** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2430** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2431** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2432** result in undefined behavior.
2433**
2434** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2435** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2436*/
2437int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2438
2439/*
2440** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2441** METHOD: sqlite3
2442**
2443** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2444** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2445** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2446** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2447** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2448** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2449**
2450** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2451** turns off all busy handlers.
2452**
2453** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2454** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2455** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2456** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2457**
2458** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2459*/
2460int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2461
2462/*
2463** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2464** METHOD: sqlite3
2465**
2466** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2467** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2468**
2469** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2470** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2471** complete query results from one or more queries.
2472**
2473** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2474** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2475** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2476** and M be the number of columns.
2477**
2478** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2479** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2480** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2481** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2482** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2483** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2484**
2485** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2486** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2487** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2488**
2489** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2490** is as follows:
2491**
2492** <blockquote><pre>
2493**        Name        | Age
2494**        -----------------------
2495**        Alice       | 43
2496**        Bob         | 28
2497**        Cindy       | 21
2498** </pre></blockquote>
2499**
2500** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2501** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2502** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2503**
2504** <blockquote><pre>
2505**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2506**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2507**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2508**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2509**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2510**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2511**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2512**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2513** </pre></blockquote>)^
2514**
2515** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2516** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2517** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2518** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2519**
2520** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2521** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2522** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2523** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2524** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2525** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2526**
2527** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2528** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2529** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2530** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2531** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2532** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2533** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2534*/
2535int sqlite3_get_table(
2536  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2537  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2538  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2539  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2540  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2541  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2542);
2543void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2544
2545/*
2546** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2547**
2548** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2549** from the standard C library.
2550** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2551** the standard library printf()
2552** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2553** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2554**
2555** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2556** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2557** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2558** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2559** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2560** memory to hold the resulting string.
2561**
2562** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2563** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2564** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2565** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2566** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2567** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2568** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2569** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2570** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2571** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2572** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2573** now without breaking compatibility.
2574**
2575** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2576** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2577** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2578** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2579** written will be n-1 characters.
2580**
2581** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2582**
2583** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2584*/
2585char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2586char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2587char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2588char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2589
2590/*
2591** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2592**
2593** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2594** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2595** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2596** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2597**
2598** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2599** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2600** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2601** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2602** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2603** a NULL pointer.
2604**
2605** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2606** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2607** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2608**
2609** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2610** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2611** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2612** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2613** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2614** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2615** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2616** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2617** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2618** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2619**
2620** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2621** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2622** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2623** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2624** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2625** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2626** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2627** sqlite3_free(X).
2628** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2629** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2630** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2631** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2632** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2633** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2634** prior allocation is not freed.
2635**
2636** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2637** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2638** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2639**
2640** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2641** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2642** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2643** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2644** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2645** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2646** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2647** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2648** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2649**
2650** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2651** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2652** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2653** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2654** option is used.
2655**
2656** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2657** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2658** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2659** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2660**
2661** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2662** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2663** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2664** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2665** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2666** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2667** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2668**
2669** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2670** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2671** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2672** not yet been released.
2673**
2674** The application must not read or write any part of
2675** a block of memory after it has been released using
2676** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2677*/
2678void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2679void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2680void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2681void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2682void sqlite3_free(void*);
2683sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2684
2685/*
2686** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2687**
2688** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2689** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2690** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2691**
2692** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2693** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2694** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2695** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2696** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2697** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2698** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2699** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2700** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2701**
2702** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2703** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2704** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2705** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2706** prior to the reset.
2707*/
2708sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2709sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2710
2711/*
2712** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2713**
2714** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2715** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2716** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2717** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2718** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2719**
2720** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2721** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2722**
2723** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2724** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2725** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2726** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2727** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2728** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2729** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2730** method.
2731*/
2732void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2733
2734/*
2735** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2736** METHOD: sqlite3
2737** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2738**
2739** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2740** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2741** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2742** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2743** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2744** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2745** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2746** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2747** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2748** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2749** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2750** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2751** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2752** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2753** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2754** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2755**
2756** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2757** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2758** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2759** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2760** access is denied.
2761**
2762** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2763** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2764** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2765** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2766** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2767** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2768** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2769** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2770**
2771** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2772** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2773** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2774** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2775** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2776** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2777** columns of a table.
2778** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2779** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2780** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2781** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2782** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2783** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2784** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2785**
2786** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2787** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2788** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2789** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2790** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2791** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2792** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2793** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2794** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2795** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2796**
2797** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2798** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2799** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2800** in addition to using an authorizer.
2801**
2802** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2803** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2804** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2805** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2806**
2807** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2808** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2809** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2810** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2811**
2812** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2813** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2814** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2815** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2816**
2817** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2818** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2819** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2820** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2821** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2822*/
2823int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2824  sqlite3*,
2825  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2826  void *pUserData
2827);
2828
2829/*
2830** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2831**
2832** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2833** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2834** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2835** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2836** information.
2837**
2838** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2839** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2840*/
2841#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2842#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2843
2844/*
2845** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2846**
2847** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2848** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2849** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2850** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2851** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2852**
2853** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2854** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2855** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2856** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2857** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2858** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2859** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2860** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2861** top-level SQL code.
2862*/
2863/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2864#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2865#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2866#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2867#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2868#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2869#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2870#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2871#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2872#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2873#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2874#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2875#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2876#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2877#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2878#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2879#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2880#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2881#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2882#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2883#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2884#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2885#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2886#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2887#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2888#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2889#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2890#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2891#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2892#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2893#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2894#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2895#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2896#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2897#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2898
2899/*
2900** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2901** METHOD: sqlite3
2902**
2903** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2904** instead of the routines described here.
2905**
2906** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2907** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2908**
2909** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2910** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2911** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2912** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2913** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2914** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2915** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2916**
2917** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2918** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2919**
2920** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2921** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2922** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2923** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2924** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2925** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2926** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2927** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2928** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2929** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2930*/
2931SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2932   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2933SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2934   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2935
2936/*
2937** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2938** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2939**
2940** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2941** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
2942** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2943** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2944** is one of the following constants.
2945**
2946** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2947**
2948** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2949** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2950** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2951** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2952** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2953**
2954** <dl>
2955** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2956** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2957** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2958** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2959** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2960** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2961** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2962** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2963** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2964** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2965** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2966**
2967** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2968** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2969** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2970** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2971** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2972** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2973** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2974**
2975** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2976** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2977** statement generates a single row of result.
2978** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2979** X argument is unused.
2980**
2981** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2982** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2983** connection closes.
2984** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2985** and the X argument is unused.
2986** </dl>
2987*/
2988#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2989#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2990#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2991#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2992
2993/*
2994** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2995** METHOD: sqlite3
2996**
2997** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2998** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2999** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3000** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3001** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3002** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3003**
3004** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3005** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3006**
3007** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3008** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3009** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3010** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3011**
3012** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3013** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3014** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3015** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3016** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3017**
3018** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3019** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3020** are deprecated.
3021*/
3022int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3023  sqlite3*,
3024  unsigned uMask,
3025  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3026  void *pCtx
3027);
3028
3029/*
3030** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3031** METHOD: sqlite3
3032**
3033** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3034** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3035** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3036** database connection D.  An example use for this
3037** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3038**
3039** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3040** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3041** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3042** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3043** handler is disabled.
3044**
3045** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3046** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3047** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3048** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3049** than 1.
3050**
3051** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3052** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3053** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3054**
3055** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3056** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3057** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3058** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3059**
3060*/
3061void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3062
3063/*
3064** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3065** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3066**
3067** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3068** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3069** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3070** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3071** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3072** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3073** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3074** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3075** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3076** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3077** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3078** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3079**
3080** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3081** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3082** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3083**
3084** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3085** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3086** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3087**
3088** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3089** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3090** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3091** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3092** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3093** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3094** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3095**
3096** <dl>
3097** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3098** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3099** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3100**
3101** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3102** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3103** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3104** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3105**
3106** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3107** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3108** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3109** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3110** </dl>
3111**
3112** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3113** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3114** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3115** then the behavior is undefined.
3116**
3117** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3118** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3119** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3120** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3121** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3122** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3123** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3124** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3125** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3126** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3127** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3128**
3129** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3130** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3131** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3132** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3133**
3134** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3135** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3136** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3137** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3138** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3139** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3140** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3141**
3142** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3143** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3144** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3145**
3146** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3147**
3148** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3149** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3150** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3151** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3152** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3153** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3154** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3155** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3156** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3157** information.
3158**
3159** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3160** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3161** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3162** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3163** present, is ignored.
3164**
3165** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3166** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3167** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3168** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3169** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3170** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3171** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3172**
3173** [[core URI query parameters]]
3174** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3175** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3176** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3177** following query parameters:
3178**
3179** <ul>
3180**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3181**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3182**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3183**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3184**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3185**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3186**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3187**
3188**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3189**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3190**     an error)^.
3191**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3192**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3193**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3194**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3195**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3196**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3197**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3198**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3199**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3200**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3201**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3202**
3203**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3204**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3205**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3206**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3207**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3208**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3209**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3210**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3211**
3212**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3213**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3214**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3215**
3216**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3217**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3218**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3219**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3220**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3221**     processes uses nolock=1.
3222**
3223**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3224**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3225**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3226**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3227**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3228**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3229**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3230**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3231**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3232**
3233** </ul>
3234**
3235** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3236** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3237** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3238** additional information.
3239**
3240** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3241**
3242** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3243** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3244** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3245**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3246** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3247**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3248**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3249**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3250** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3251**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3252** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3253**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3254**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3255**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3256**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3257**          in URI filenames.
3258** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3259**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3260**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3261**          default, use a private cache.
3262** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3263**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3264**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3265** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3266**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3267** </table>
3268**
3269** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3270** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3271** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3272** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3273** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3274** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3275** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3276** the results are undefined.
3277**
3278** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3279** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3280** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3281** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3282** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3283**
3284** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3285** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3286** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3287**
3288** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3289*/
3290int sqlite3_open(
3291  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3292  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3293);
3294int sqlite3_open16(
3295  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3296  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3297);
3298int sqlite3_open_v2(
3299  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3300  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3301  int flags,              /* Flags */
3302  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3303);
3304
3305/*
3306** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3307**
3308** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3309** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3310** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3311**
3312** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3313** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3314** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3315** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3316** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3317** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3318** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3319** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3320** a pointer to an empty string.
3321**
3322** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3323** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3324** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3325** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3326** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3327** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3328** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3329** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3330** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3331** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3332**
3333** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3334** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3335** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3336** zero is returned.
3337**
3338** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3339** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3340** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3341** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3342** undesirable.
3343*/
3344const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3345int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3346sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3347
3348
3349/*
3350** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3351** METHOD: sqlite3
3352**
3353** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3354** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3355** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3356** API call.
3357** If the most recent API call was successful,
3358** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3359** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3360** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3361** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3362** disabled.
3363**
3364** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3365** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3366** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3367** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3368** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3369** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3370**
3371** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3372** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3373** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3374** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3375**
3376** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3377** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3378** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3379** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3380** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3381** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3382** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3383** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3384** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3385**
3386** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3387** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3388** error code and message may or may not be set.
3389*/
3390int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3391int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3392const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3393const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3394const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3395
3396/*
3397** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3398** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3399**
3400** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3401** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3402**
3403** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3404** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3405** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3406** prepared statement before it can be run.
3407**
3408** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3409**
3410** <ol>
3411** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3412** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3413**      interfaces.
3414** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3415** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3416**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3417** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3418** </ol>
3419*/
3420typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3421
3422/*
3423** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3424** METHOD: sqlite3
3425**
3426** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3427** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3428** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3429** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3430** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3431** new limit for that construct.)^
3432**
3433** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3434** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3435** [limits | hard upper bound]
3436** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3437** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3438** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3439** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3440** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3441**
3442** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3443** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3444** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3445** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3446**
3447** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3448** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3449** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3450** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3451** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3452** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3453** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3454** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3455** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3456** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3457** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3458** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3459**
3460** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3461*/
3462int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3463
3464/*
3465** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3466** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3467**
3468** These constants define various performance limits
3469** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3470** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3471** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3472**
3473** <dl>
3474** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3475** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3476**
3477** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3478** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3479**
3480** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3481** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3482** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3483** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3484**
3485** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3486** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3487**
3488** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3489** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3490**
3491** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3492** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3493** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3494** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3495** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3496**
3497** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3498** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3499**
3500** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3501** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3502**
3503** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3504** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3505** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3506** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3507**
3508** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3509** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3510** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3511**
3512** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3513** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3514**
3515** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3516** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3517** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3518** </dl>
3519*/
3520#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3521#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3522#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3523#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3524#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3525#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3526#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3527#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3528#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3529#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3530#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3531#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3532
3533/*
3534** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3535**
3536** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3537** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3538** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3539**
3540** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3541**
3542** <dl>
3543** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3544** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3545** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3546** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3547** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3548** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3549** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3550** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3551** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3552** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3553** </dl>
3554*/
3555#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3556
3557/*
3558** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3559** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3560** METHOD: sqlite3
3561** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3562**
3563** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3564** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3565** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3566**
3567** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3568** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3569** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3570** for special purposes.
3571**
3572** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3573** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3574** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3575** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3576**
3577** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3578** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3579** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3580**
3581** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3582** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3583** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3584** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3585** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3586**
3587** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3588** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3589** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3590** statement is generated.
3591** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3592** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3593** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3594** the nul-terminator.
3595**
3596** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3597** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3598** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3599** what remains uncompiled.
3600**
3601** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3602** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3603** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3604** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3605** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3606** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3607** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3608**
3609** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3610** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3611**
3612** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3613** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3614** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3615** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3616** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3617** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3618** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3619** behave differently in three ways:
3620**
3621** <ol>
3622** <li>
3623** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3624** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3625** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3626** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3627** </li>
3628**
3629** <li>
3630** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3631** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3632** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3633** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3634** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3635** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3636** </li>
3637**
3638** <li>
3639** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3640** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3641** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3642** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3643** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3644** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3645** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3646** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3647** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3648** </li>
3649** </ol>
3650**
3651** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3652** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3653** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3654** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3655** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3656*/
3657int sqlite3_prepare(
3658  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3659  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3660  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3661  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3662  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3663);
3664int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3665  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3666  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3667  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3668  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3669  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3670);
3671int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3672  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3673  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3674  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3675  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3676  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3677  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3678);
3679int sqlite3_prepare16(
3680  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3681  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3682  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3683  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3684  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3685);
3686int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3687  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3688  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3689  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3690  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3691  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3692);
3693int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3694  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3695  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3696  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3697  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3698  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3699  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3700);
3701
3702/*
3703** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3704** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3705**
3706** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3707** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3708** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3709** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3710** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3711** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3712** [bound parameters] expanded.
3713**
3714** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3715** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3716** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3717** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3718** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3719**
3720** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3721** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3722** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3723**
3724** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3725** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3726** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3727**
3728** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3729** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3730** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3731** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3732** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3733*/
3734const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3735char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3736
3737/*
3738** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3739** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3740**
3741** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3742** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3743** the content of the database file.
3744**
3745** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3746** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3747** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3748** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3749** change the database file through side-effects:
3750**
3751** <blockquote><pre>
3752**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3753** </pre></blockquote>
3754**
3755** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3756** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3757**
3758** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3759** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3760** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3761** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3762** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3763** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3764** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3765** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3766** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3767** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3768** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3769** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3770*/
3771int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3772
3773/*
3774** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3775** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3776**
3777** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3778** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3779** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3780** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3781** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3782** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3783** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3784** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3785**
3786** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3787** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3788** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3789** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3790** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3791*/
3792int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3793
3794/*
3795** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3796** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3797**
3798** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3799** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3800** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3801** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3802**
3803** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3804** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3805** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3806** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3807** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3808** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3809** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3810**
3811** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3812** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3813** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3814** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3815** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3816** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3817** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3818** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3819** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3820** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3821** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3822** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3823**
3824** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3825** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3826** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3827** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3828** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3829** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3830** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3831** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3832** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3833*/
3834typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3835
3836/*
3837** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3838**
3839** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3840** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3841** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3842** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3843** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3844** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3845** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3846** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3847*/
3848typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3849
3850/*
3851** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3852** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3853** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3854** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3855**
3856** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3857** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3858** templates:
3859**
3860** <ul>
3861** <li>  ?
3862** <li>  ?NNN
3863** <li>  :VVV
3864** <li>  @VVV
3865** <li>  $VVV
3866** </ul>
3867**
3868** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3869** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3870** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3871** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3872**
3873** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3874** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3875** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3876**
3877** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3878** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3879** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3880** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3881** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3882** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3883** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3884** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3885** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3886**
3887** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3888** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3889** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3890** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3891**
3892** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3893** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3894** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3895** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3896** is negative, then the length of the string is
3897** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3898** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3899** the behavior is undefined.
3900** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3901** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3902** that parameter must be the byte offset
3903** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3904** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3905** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3906** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3907** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3908**
3909** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3910** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3911** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3912** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3913** ^If the fifth argument is
3914** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3915** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3916** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3917** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3918** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3919**
3920** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3921** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3922** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3923** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3924** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3925** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3926** is undefined.
3927**
3928** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3929** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3930** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3931** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3932** content is later written using
3933** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3934** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3935**
3936** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
3937** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
3938** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
3939** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
3940** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
3941** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
3942** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
3943** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
3944**
3945** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3946** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3947** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3948** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3949** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3950** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3951**
3952** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3953** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3954**
3955** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3956** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3957** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3958** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3959** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3960** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3961** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3962**
3963** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3964** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3965*/
3966int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3967int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3968                        void(*)(void*));
3969int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3970int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3971int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3972int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3973int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3974int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3975int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3976                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3977int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3978int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
3979int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3980int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3981
3982/*
3983** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3984** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3985**
3986** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3987** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3988** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3989** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3990** to the parameters at a later time.
3991**
3992** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3993** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3994** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3995** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3996**
3997** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3998** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3999** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4000*/
4001int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4002
4003/*
4004** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4005** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4006**
4007** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4008** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4009** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4010** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4011** respectively.
4012** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4013** is included as part of the name.)^
4014** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4015** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4016**
4017** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4018**
4019** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4020** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4021** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4022** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4023** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4024**
4025** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4026** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4027** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4028*/
4029const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4030
4031/*
4032** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4033** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4034**
4035** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4036** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4037** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4038** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4039** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4040** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4041** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4042**
4043** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4044** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4045** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4046*/
4047int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4048
4049/*
4050** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4051** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4052**
4053** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4054** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4055** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4056*/
4057int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4058
4059/*
4060** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4061** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4062**
4063** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4064** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4065** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4066** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4067** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4068** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4069** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4070**
4071** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4072*/
4073int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4074
4075/*
4076** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4077** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4078**
4079** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4080** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4081** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4082** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4083** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4084** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4085** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4086**
4087** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4088** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4089** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4090** or until the next call to
4091** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4092**
4093** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4094** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4095** NULL pointer is returned.
4096**
4097** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4098** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4099** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4100** one release of SQLite to the next.
4101*/
4102const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4103const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4104
4105/*
4106** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4107** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4108**
4109** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4110** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4111** [SELECT] statement.
4112** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4113** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4114** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4115** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4116** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4117** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4118** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4119** or until the same information is requested
4120** again in a different encoding.
4121**
4122** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4123** database, table, and column.
4124**
4125** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4126** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4127** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4128** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4129**
4130** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4131** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4132** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4133** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4134** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4135**
4136** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4137** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4138**
4139** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4140** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4141**
4142** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4143** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4144** undefined.
4145**
4146** If two or more threads call one or more
4147** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4148** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4149** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4150*/
4151const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4152const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4153const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4154const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4155const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4156const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4157
4158/*
4159** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4160** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4161**
4162** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4163** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4164** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4165** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4166** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4167** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4168** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4169**
4170** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4171**
4172** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4173**
4174** and the following statement to be compiled:
4175**
4176** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4177**
4178** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4179** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4180**
4181** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4182** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4183** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4184** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4185** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4186** used to hold those values.
4187*/
4188const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4189const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4190
4191/*
4192** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4193** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4194**
4195** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4196** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4197** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4198** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4199** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4200**
4201** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4202** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4203** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4204** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4205** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4206** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4207** interface will continue to be supported.
4208**
4209** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4210** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4211** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4212** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4213**
4214** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4215** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4216** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4217** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4218** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4219** continuing.
4220**
4221** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4222** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4223** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4224** machine back to its initial state.
4225**
4226** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4227** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4228** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4229** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4230**
4231** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4232** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4233** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4234** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4235** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4236** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4237** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4238** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4239**
4240** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4241** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4242** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4243** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4244** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4245** more threads at the same moment in time.
4246**
4247** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4248** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4249** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4250** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4251** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4252** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4253** sqlite3_step() began
4254** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4255** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4256** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4257** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4258** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4259**
4260** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4261** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4262** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4263** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4264** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4265** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4266** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4267** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4268** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4269** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4270** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4271** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4272*/
4273int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4274
4275/*
4276** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4277** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4278**
4279** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4280** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4281** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4282** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4283** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4284** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4285** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4286** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4287** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4288** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4289** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4290** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4291**
4292** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4293*/
4294int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4295
4296/*
4297** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4298** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4299**
4300** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4301**
4302** <ul>
4303** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4304** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4305** <li> string
4306** <li> BLOB
4307** <li> NULL
4308** </ul>)^
4309**
4310** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4311**
4312** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4313** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4314** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4315** SQLITE_TEXT.
4316*/
4317#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4318#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4319#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4320#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4321#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4322# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4323#else
4324# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4325#endif
4326#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4327
4328/*
4329** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4330** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4331** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4332**
4333** <b>Summary:</b>
4334** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4335** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4336** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4337** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4338** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4339** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4340** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4341** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4342** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4343** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4344** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4345** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4346** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4347** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4348** TEXT in bytes
4349** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4350** datatype of the result
4351** </table></blockquote>
4352**
4353** <b>Details:</b>
4354**
4355** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4356** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4357** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4358** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4359** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4360** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4361** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4362** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4363**
4364** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4365** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4366** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4367** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4368** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4369** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4370** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4371** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4372** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4373** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4374** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4375**
4376** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4377** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4378** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4379** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4380** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4381**
4382** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4383** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4384** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4385** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4386** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4387** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4388** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4389** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4390** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4391** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4392** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4393** following a type conversion.
4394**
4395** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4396** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4397** of that BLOB or string.
4398**
4399** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4400** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4401** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4402** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4403** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4404** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4405** the number of bytes in that string.
4406** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4407**
4408** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4409** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4410** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4411** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4412** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4413** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4414** the number of bytes in that string.
4415** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4416**
4417** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4418** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4419** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4420** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4421** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4422**
4423** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4424** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4425** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4426**
4427** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4428** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4429** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4430** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4431** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4432** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4433** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4434** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4435** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4436** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4437** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4438** top-level application code.
4439**
4440** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4441** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4442** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4443** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4444** that are applied:
4445**
4446** <blockquote>
4447** <table border="1">
4448** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4449**
4450** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4451** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4452** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4453** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4454** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4455** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4456** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4457** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4458** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4459** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4460** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4461** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4462** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4463** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4464** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4465** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4466** </table>
4467** </blockquote>)^
4468**
4469** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4470** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4471** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4472** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4473** in the following cases:
4474**
4475** <ul>
4476** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4477**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4478**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4479** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4480**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4481**      to UTF-16.</li>
4482** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4483**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4484**      to UTF-8.</li>
4485** </ul>
4486**
4487** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4488** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4489** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4490** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4491** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4492**
4493** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4494** in one of the following ways:
4495**
4496** <ul>
4497**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4498**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4499**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4500** </ul>
4501**
4502** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4503** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4504** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4505** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4506** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4507** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4508** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4509**
4510** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4511** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4512** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4513** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4514** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4515** [sqlite3_free()].
4516**
4517** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4518** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4519** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4520** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4521** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4522*/
4523const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4524double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4525int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4526sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4527const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4528const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4529sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4530int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4531int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4532int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4533
4534/*
4535** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4536** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4537**
4538** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4539** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4540** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4541** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4542** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4543** [extended error code].
4544**
4545** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4546** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4547** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4548** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4549** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4550** completed execution.
4551**
4552** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4553**
4554** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4555** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4556** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4557** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4558** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4559*/
4560int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4561
4562/*
4563** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4564** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4565**
4566** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4567** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4568** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4569** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4570** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4571**
4572** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4573** back to the beginning of its program.
4574**
4575** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4576** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4577** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4578** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4579**
4580** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4581** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4582** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4583**
4584** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4585** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4586*/
4587int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4588
4589/*
4590** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4591** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4592** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4593** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4594** METHOD: sqlite3
4595**
4596** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4597** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4598** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4599** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4600** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4601** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4602** the application data pointer.
4603**
4604** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4605** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4606** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4607** to each database connection separately.
4608**
4609** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4610** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4611** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4612** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4613** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4614** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4615**
4616** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4617** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4618** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4619** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4620** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4621** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4622** undefined.
4623**
4624** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4625** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4626** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4627** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4628** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4629** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4630** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4631** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4632** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4633** each encoding.
4634** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4635** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4636**
4637** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4638** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4639** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4640** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4641** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4642** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4643** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4644**
4645** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4646** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4647**
4648** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4649** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4650** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4651** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4652** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4653** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4654** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4655** callbacks.
4656**
4657** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4658** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4659** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4660** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4661** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4662** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4663** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4664** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4665** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4666**
4667** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4668** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4669** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4670** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4671** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4672** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4673** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4674** matches the database encoding is a better
4675** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4676** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4677** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4678** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4679**
4680** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4681**
4682** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4683** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4684** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4685** statement in which the function is running.
4686*/
4687int sqlite3_create_function(
4688  sqlite3 *db,
4689  const char *zFunctionName,
4690  int nArg,
4691  int eTextRep,
4692  void *pApp,
4693  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4694  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4695  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4696);
4697int sqlite3_create_function16(
4698  sqlite3 *db,
4699  const void *zFunctionName,
4700  int nArg,
4701  int eTextRep,
4702  void *pApp,
4703  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4704  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4705  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4706);
4707int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4708  sqlite3 *db,
4709  const char *zFunctionName,
4710  int nArg,
4711  int eTextRep,
4712  void *pApp,
4713  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4714  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4715  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4716  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4717);
4718
4719/*
4720** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4721**
4722** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4723** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4724*/
4725#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4726#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4727#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4728#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4729#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4730#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4731
4732/*
4733** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4734**
4735** These constants may be ORed together with the
4736** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4737** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4738** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4739*/
4740#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4741
4742/*
4743** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4744** DEPRECATED
4745**
4746** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4747** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4748** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4749** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4750** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4751*/
4752#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4753SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4754SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4755SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4756SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4757SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4758SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4759                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4760#endif
4761
4762/*
4763** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4764** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4765**
4766** <b>Summary:</b>
4767** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4768** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4769** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4770** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4771** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4772** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4773** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4774** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4775** the native byteorder
4776** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4777** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4778** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4779** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4780** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4781** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4782** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4783** TEXT in bytes
4784** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4785** datatype of the value
4786** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4787** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4788** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4789** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4790** against a virtual table.
4791** </table></blockquote>
4792**
4793** <b>Details:</b>
4794**
4795** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4796** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4797** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4798** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4799**
4800** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4801** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4802** is not threadsafe.
4803**
4804** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4805** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4806** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4807**
4808** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4809** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4810** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4811** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4812**
4813** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4814** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4815** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4816** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4817** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4818** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4819**
4820** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4821** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4822** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4823** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4824** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4825** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4826** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4827** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4828** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4829** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4830**
4831** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4832** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4833** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4834** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4835** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4836** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4837** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4838**
4839** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
4840** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
4841** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
4842** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
4843** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
4844** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
4845** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
4846** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
4847** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
4848** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
4849** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
4850** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
4851**
4852** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4853** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4854** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4855** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4856** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4857**
4858** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4859** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4860*/
4861const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4862double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4863int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4864sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4865void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
4866const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4867const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4868const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4869const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4870int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4871int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4872int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4873int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4874int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
4875
4876/*
4877** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4878** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4879**
4880** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4881** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4882** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4883** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4884** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4885*/
4886unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4887
4888/*
4889** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4890** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4891**
4892** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4893** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4894** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4895** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4896** memory allocation fails.
4897**
4898** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4899** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4900** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4901*/
4902sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4903void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4904
4905/*
4906** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4907** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4908**
4909** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4910** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4911**
4912** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4913** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4914** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4915** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4916** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4917** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4918** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4919** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4920** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4921** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4922** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4923** first time from within xFinal().)^
4924**
4925** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4926** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4927** allocate error occurs.
4928**
4929** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4930** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4931** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4932** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4933** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4934** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4935** pointless memory allocations occur.
4936**
4937** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4938** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4939**
4940** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4941** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4942** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4943** function.
4944**
4945** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4946** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4947*/
4948void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4949
4950/*
4951** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4952** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4953**
4954** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4955** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4956** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4957** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4958** registered the application defined function.
4959**
4960** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4961** the application-defined function is running.
4962*/
4963void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4964
4965/*
4966** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4967** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4968**
4969** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4970** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4971** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4972** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4973** registered the application defined function.
4974*/
4975sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4976
4977/*
4978** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4979** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4980**
4981** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4982** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4983** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4984** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4985** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4986** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4987** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4988** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4989** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4990** invocations of the same function.
4991**
4992** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4993** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
4994** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
4995** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
4996** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
4997** returns a NULL pointer.
4998**
4999** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5000** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5001** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5002** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5003** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5004** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5005** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5006** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5007** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5008** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5009** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5010**      SQL statement)^, or
5011** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5012**       parameter)^, or
5013** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5014**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5015**
5016** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5017** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5018** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5019** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5020** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5021** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5022**
5023** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5024** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5025** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5026**
5027** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5028** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5029** kinds of function caching behavior.
5030**
5031** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5032** the SQL function is running.
5033*/
5034void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5035void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5036
5037
5038/*
5039** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5040**
5041** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5042** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5043** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5044** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5045** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5046** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5047** the content before returning.
5048**
5049** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5050** C++ compilers.
5051*/
5052typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5053#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5054#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5055
5056/*
5057** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5058** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5059**
5060** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5061** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5062** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5063** for additional information.
5064**
5065** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5066** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5067** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5068**
5069** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5070** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5071** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5072** third parameter.
5073**
5074** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5075** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5076** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5077**
5078** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5079** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5080** by its 2nd argument.
5081**
5082** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5083** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5084** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5085** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5086** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5087** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5088** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5089** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5090** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5091** message all text up through the first zero character.
5092** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5093** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5094** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5095** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5096** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5097** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5098** modify the text after they return without harm.
5099** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5100** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5101** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5102** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5103**
5104** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5105** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5106**
5107** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5108** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5109**
5110** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5111** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5112** value given in the 2nd argument.
5113** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5114** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5115** value given in the 2nd argument.
5116**
5117** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5118** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5119**
5120** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5121** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5122** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5123** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5124** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5125** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5126** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5127** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5128** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5129** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5130** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5131** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5132** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5133** through the first zero character.
5134** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5135** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5136** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5137** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5138** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5139** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5140** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5141** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5142** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5143** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5144** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5145** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5146** finished using that result.
5147** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5148** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5149** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5150** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5151** when it has finished using that result.
5152** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5153** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5154** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5155** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5156**
5157** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5158** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5159** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5160** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5161** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5162** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5163** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5164** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5165** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5166**
5167** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5168** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5169** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5170** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5171** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5172** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5173** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5174** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5175** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5176** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5177**
5178** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5179** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5180** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5181*/
5182void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5183void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5184                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5185void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5186void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5187void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5188void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5189void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5190void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5191void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5192void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5193void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5194void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5195void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5196                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5197void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5198void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5199void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5200void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5201void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5202void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5203int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5204
5205
5206/*
5207** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5208** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5209**
5210** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5211** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5212** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5213** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5214** higher order bits are discarded.
5215** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5216** in future releases of SQLite.
5217*/
5218void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5219
5220/*
5221** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5222** METHOD: sqlite3
5223**
5224** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5225** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5226**
5227** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5228** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5229** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5230** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5231** considered to be the same name.
5232**
5233** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5234** <ul>
5235** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5236** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5237** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5238** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5239** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5240** </ul>)^
5241** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5242** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5243** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5244** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5245** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5246** on an even byte address.
5247**
5248** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5249** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5250**
5251** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5252** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5253** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5254** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5255** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5256** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5257** that collation is no longer usable.
5258**
5259** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5260** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5261** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5262** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5263** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5264** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5265** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5266** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5267** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5268** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5269** strings A, B, and C:
5270**
5271** <ol>
5272** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5273** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5274** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5275** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5276** </ol>
5277**
5278** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5279** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5280** is undefined.
5281**
5282** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5283** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5284** the collating function is deleted.
5285** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5286** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5287** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5288**
5289** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5290** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5291** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5292** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5293** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5294** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5295** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5296** compatibility.
5297**
5298** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5299*/
5300int sqlite3_create_collation(
5301  sqlite3*,
5302  const char *zName,
5303  int eTextRep,
5304  void *pArg,
5305  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5306);
5307int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5308  sqlite3*,
5309  const char *zName,
5310  int eTextRep,
5311  void *pArg,
5312  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5313  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5314);
5315int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5316  sqlite3*,
5317  const void *zName,
5318  int eTextRep,
5319  void *pArg,
5320  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5321);
5322
5323/*
5324** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5325** METHOD: sqlite3
5326**
5327** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5328** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5329** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5330** sequence is required.
5331**
5332** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5333** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5334** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5335** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5336** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5337**
5338** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5339** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5340** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5341** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5342** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5343** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5344** required collation sequence.)^
5345**
5346** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5347** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5348** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5349*/
5350int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5351  sqlite3*,
5352  void*,
5353  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5354);
5355int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5356  sqlite3*,
5357  void*,
5358  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5359);
5360
5361#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5362/*
5363** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5364** called right after sqlite3_open().
5365**
5366** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5367** of SQLite.
5368*/
5369int sqlite3_key(
5370  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5371  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5372);
5373int sqlite3_key_v2(
5374  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5375  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5376  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5377);
5378
5379/*
5380** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5381** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5382** database is decrypted.
5383**
5384** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5385** of SQLite.
5386*/
5387int sqlite3_rekey(
5388  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5389  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5390);
5391int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5392  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5393  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5394  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5395);
5396
5397/*
5398** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5399** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5400*/
5401void sqlite3_activate_see(
5402  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5403);
5404#endif
5405
5406#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5407/*
5408** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5409** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5410*/
5411void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5412  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5413);
5414#endif
5415
5416/*
5417** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5418**
5419** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5420** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5421**
5422** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5423** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5424** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5425** requested from the operating system is returned.
5426**
5427** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5428** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5429** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5430** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5431** in the previous paragraphs.
5432*/
5433int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5434
5435/*
5436** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5437**
5438** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5439** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5440** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5441** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5442** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5443** temporary file directory.
5444**
5445** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5446** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5447** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5448** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5449** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5450** be avoided in new projects.
5451**
5452** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5453** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5454** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5455** thread.
5456** It is intended that this variable be set once
5457** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5458** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5459** thereafter.
5460**
5461** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5462** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5463** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5464** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5465** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5466** using [sqlite3_free].
5467** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5468** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5469** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5470** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5471** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5472** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5473** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5474** objects have been destroyed.
5475**
5476** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5477** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5478** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5479** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5480**
5481** <blockquote><pre>
5482** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5483** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5484** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5485** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5486** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5487** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5488** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5489** </pre></blockquote>
5490*/
5491SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5492
5493/*
5494** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5495**
5496** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5497** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5498** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5499** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5500** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5501** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5502** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5503** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5504** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5505**
5506** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5507** open can result in a corrupt database.
5508**
5509** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5510** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5511** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5512** thread.
5513** It is intended that this variable be set once
5514** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5515** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5516** thereafter.
5517**
5518** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5519** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5520** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5521** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5522** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5523** using [sqlite3_free].
5524** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5525** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5526** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5527*/
5528SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5529
5530/*
5531** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5532**
5533** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5534** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5535** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5536** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5537** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5538** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5539** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5540** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5541** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5542** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5543** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5544** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
5545** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
5546** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
5547** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
5548*/
5549int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5550  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5551  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5552);
5553int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
5554int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
5555
5556/*
5557** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5558**
5559** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5560** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5561*/
5562#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5563#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5564
5565/*
5566** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5567** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5568** METHOD: sqlite3
5569**
5570** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5571** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5572** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5573** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5574** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5575**
5576** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5577** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5578** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5579** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5580** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5581** an error is to use this function.
5582**
5583** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5584** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5585** is undefined.
5586*/
5587int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5588
5589/*
5590** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5591** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5592**
5593** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5594** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5595** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5596** that was the first argument
5597** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5598** create the statement in the first place.
5599*/
5600sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5601
5602/*
5603** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5604** METHOD: sqlite3
5605**
5606** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5607** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5608** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5609** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5610** a NULL pointer is returned.
5611**
5612** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5613** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5614** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5615** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5616*/
5617const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5618
5619/*
5620** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5621** METHOD: sqlite3
5622**
5623** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5624** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5625** the name of a database on connection D.
5626*/
5627int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5628
5629/*
5630** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5631** METHOD: sqlite3
5632**
5633** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5634** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5635** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5636** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5637** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5638**
5639** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5640** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5641** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5642*/
5643sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5644
5645/*
5646** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5647** METHOD: sqlite3
5648**
5649** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5650** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5651** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5652** for the same database connection is overridden.
5653** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5654** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5655** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5656** for the same database connection is overridden.
5657** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5658** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5659** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5660**
5661** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5662** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5663** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5664** the first call for each function on D.
5665**
5666** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5667** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5668** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5669** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5670** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5671** or rollback hook in the first place.
5672** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5673** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5674** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5675**
5676** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5677**
5678** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5679** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5680** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5681** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5682** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5683**
5684** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5685** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5686** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5687** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5688** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5689**
5690** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5691*/
5692void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5693void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5694
5695/*
5696** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5697** METHOD: sqlite3
5698**
5699** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5700** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5701** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5702** a [rowid table].
5703** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5704** for the same database connection is overridden.
5705**
5706** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5707** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5708** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5709** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5710** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5711** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5712** to be invoked.
5713** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5714** database and table name containing the affected row.
5715** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5716** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5717**
5718** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5719** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5720** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5721**
5722** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5723** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5724** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5725** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5726** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5727** release of SQLite.
5728**
5729** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5730** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5731** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5732** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5733** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5734** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5735**
5736** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5737** returns the P argument from the previous call
5738** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5739** the first call on D.
5740**
5741** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5742** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5743*/
5744void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5745  sqlite3*,
5746  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5747  void*
5748);
5749
5750/*
5751** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5752**
5753** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5754** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5755** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5756** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5757**
5758** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5759** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5760** In prior versions of SQLite,
5761** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5762**
5763** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5764** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5765** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5766** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5767**
5768** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5769** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5770**
5771** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5772** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5773** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5774**
5775** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5776** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5777** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5778** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5779**
5780** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5781** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5782**
5783** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5784*/
5785int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5786
5787/*
5788** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5789**
5790** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5791** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5792** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5793** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5794** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5795** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5796** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5797** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5798**
5799** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5800*/
5801int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5802
5803/*
5804** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5805** METHOD: sqlite3
5806**
5807** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5808** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5809** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5810** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5811** omitted.
5812**
5813** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5814*/
5815int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5816
5817/*
5818** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5819**
5820** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5821** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5822** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5823** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5824** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5825** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5826** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5827** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5828** is advisory only.
5829**
5830** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5831** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5832** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5833** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5834** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5835** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5836**
5837** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5838**
5839** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5840** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5841**
5842** <ul>
5843** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5844** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5845**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5846**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5847** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5848**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5849** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5850**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5851**      from the heap.
5852** </ul>)^
5853**
5854** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5855** the soft heap limit is enforced
5856** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5857** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5858** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5859** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5860** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5861** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5862** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5863** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5864**
5865** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5866** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5867*/
5868sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5869
5870/*
5871** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5872** DEPRECATED
5873**
5874** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5875** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5876** only.  All new applications should use the
5877** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5878*/
5879SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5880
5881
5882/*
5883** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5884** METHOD: sqlite3
5885**
5886** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5887** information about column C of table T in database D
5888** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5889** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5890** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5891** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5892** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5893** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5894** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5895** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5896** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
5897** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
5898** undefined behavior.
5899**
5900** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5901** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5902** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5903** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5904** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5905** resolve unqualified table references.
5906**
5907** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5908** name of the desired column, respectively.
5909**
5910** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5911** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5912** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5913**
5914** ^(<blockquote>
5915** <table border="1">
5916** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5917**
5918** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5919** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5920** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5921** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5922** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5923** </table>
5924** </blockquote>)^
5925**
5926** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5927** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5928** call to any SQLite API function.
5929**
5930** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5931**
5932** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5933** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5934** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5935** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5936** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5937** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5938**
5939** <pre>
5940**     data type: "INTEGER"
5941**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5942**     not null: 0
5943**     primary key: 1
5944**     auto increment: 0
5945** </pre>)^
5946**
5947** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5948** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5949** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5950*/
5951int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5952  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5953  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5954  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5955  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5956  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5957  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5958  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5959  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5960  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5961);
5962
5963/*
5964** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5965** METHOD: sqlite3
5966**
5967** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5968**
5969** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5970** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5971** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5972** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5973** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5974** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5975** be tried also.
5976**
5977** ^The entry point is zProc.
5978** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5979** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5980** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5981** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5982** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5983** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5984** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5985** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5986** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5987** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5988** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5989** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5990** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5991**
5992** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5993** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5994** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5995** prior to calling this API,
5996** otherwise an error will be returned.
5997**
5998** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5999** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6000** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6001** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6002** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6003** access to extension loading capabilities.
6004**
6005** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6006*/
6007int sqlite3_load_extension(
6008  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6009  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6010  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6011  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6012);
6013
6014/*
6015** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6016** METHOD: sqlite3
6017**
6018** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6019** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6020** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6021** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6022**
6023** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6024** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6025** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6026** it back off again.
6027**
6028** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6029** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6030** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6031** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6032**
6033** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6034** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6035** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6036** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6037** access to extension loading capabilities.
6038*/
6039int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6040
6041/*
6042** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6043**
6044** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6045** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6046** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6047** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6048**
6049** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6050** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6051** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6052** entry point where as follows:
6053**
6054** <blockquote><pre>
6055** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6056** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6057** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6058** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6059** &nbsp;  );
6060** </pre></blockquote>)^
6061**
6062** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6063** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6064** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6065** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6066** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6067** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6068** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6069**
6070** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6071** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6072** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6073**
6074** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6075** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6076*/
6077int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6078
6079/*
6080** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6081**
6082** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6083** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6084** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6085** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6086** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6087** routines.
6088*/
6089int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6090
6091/*
6092** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6093**
6094** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6095** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6096*/
6097void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6098
6099/*
6100** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6101** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6102** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6103**
6104** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6105** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6106*/
6107
6108/*
6109** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6110*/
6111typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6112typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6113typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6114typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6115
6116/*
6117** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6118** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6119**
6120** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6121** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6122** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6123**
6124** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6125** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6126** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6127** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6128** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6129** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6130** any database connection.
6131*/
6132struct sqlite3_module {
6133  int iVersion;
6134  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6135               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6136               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6137  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6138               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6139               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6140  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6141  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6142  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6143  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6144  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6145  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6146                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6147  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6148  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6149  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6150  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6151  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6152  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6153  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6154  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6155  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6156  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6157                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6158                       void **ppArg);
6159  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6160  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6161  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6162  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6163  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6164  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6165};
6166
6167/*
6168** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6169** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6170**
6171** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6172** of the [virtual table] interface to
6173** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6174** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6175** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6176** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6177**
6178** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6179**
6180** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6181**
6182** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6183** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6184** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6185** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6186** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6187** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6188** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6189**
6190** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6191** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6192** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6193** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6194** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6195**
6196** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6197** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6198**
6199** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6200** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6201** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6202** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6203** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6204** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6205** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6206** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6207** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6208** non-zero.
6209**
6210** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6211** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6212** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6213** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6214** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6215** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6216**
6217** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6218** [xFilter] method.
6219** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6220** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6221**
6222** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6223** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6224** sorting step is required.
6225**
6226** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6227** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6228** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6229** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6230** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6231**
6232** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6233** will be returned by the strategy.
6234**
6235** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6236** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6237** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6238** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6239**
6240** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6241** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6242** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6243** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6244** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6245** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6246** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6247** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6248** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6249**
6250** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6251** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6252** If a virtual table extension is
6253** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6254** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6255** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6256** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6257** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6258** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6259** It may therefore only be used if
6260** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6261** 3009000.
6262*/
6263struct sqlite3_index_info {
6264  /* Inputs */
6265  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6266  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6267     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6268     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6269     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6270     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6271  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6272  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6273  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6274     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6275     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6276  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6277  /* Outputs */
6278  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6279    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6280    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6281  } *aConstraintUsage;
6282  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6283  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6284  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6285  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6286  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6287  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6288  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6289  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6290  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6291  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6292  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6293};
6294
6295/*
6296** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6297**
6298** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6299** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6300** these bits.
6301*/
6302#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6303
6304/*
6305** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6306**
6307** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6308** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6309** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6310** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6311*/
6312#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6313#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6314#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6315#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6316#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6317#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6318#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6319#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6320#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6321#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6322#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6323#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6324#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6325#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6326
6327/*
6328** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6329** METHOD: sqlite3
6330**
6331** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6332** ^Module names must be registered before
6333** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6334** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6335**
6336** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6337** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6338** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6339** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6340** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6341** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6342** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6343**
6344** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6345** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6346** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6347** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6348** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6349** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6350** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6351** destructor.
6352*/
6353int sqlite3_create_module(
6354  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6355  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6356  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6357  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6358);
6359int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6360  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6361  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6362  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6363  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6364  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6365);
6366
6367/*
6368** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6369** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6370**
6371** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6372** of this object to describe a particular instance
6373** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6374** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6375** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6376** common to all module implementations.
6377**
6378** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6379** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6380** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6381** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6382** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6383** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6384*/
6385struct sqlite3_vtab {
6386  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6387  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6388  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6389  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6390};
6391
6392/*
6393** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6394** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6395**
6396** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6397** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6398** [virtual table] and are used
6399** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6400** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6401** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6402** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6403** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6404** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6405**
6406** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6407** are common to all implementations.
6408*/
6409struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6410  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6411  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6412};
6413
6414/*
6415** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6416**
6417** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6418** [virtual table module] call this interface
6419** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6420** the virtual tables they implement.
6421*/
6422int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6423
6424/*
6425** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6426** METHOD: sqlite3
6427**
6428** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6429** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6430** But global versions of those functions
6431** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6432**
6433** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6434** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6435** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6436** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6437** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6438** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6439** by a [virtual table].
6440*/
6441int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6442
6443/*
6444** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6445** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6446** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6447** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6448**
6449** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6450** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6451*/
6452
6453/*
6454** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6455** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6456**
6457** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6458** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6459** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6460** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6461** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6462** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6463** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6464*/
6465typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6466
6467/*
6468** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6469** METHOD: sqlite3
6470** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6471**
6472** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6473** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6474** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6475**
6476** <pre>
6477**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6478** </pre>)^
6479**
6480** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6481** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6482** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6483** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6484** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6485**
6486** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6487** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6488** read-only access.
6489**
6490** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6491** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6492** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6493** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6494** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6495**
6496** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6497** <ul>
6498**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6499**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6500**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6501**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6502**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6503**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6504**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6505**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6506**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6507**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6508**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6509**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6510** </ul>
6511**
6512** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6513** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6514** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6515**
6516** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6517** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6518** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6519** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6520** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6521** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6522**
6523** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6524** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6525** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6526** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6527** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6528** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6529** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6530** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6531** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6532** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6533**
6534** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6535** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6536** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6537** blob.
6538**
6539** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6540** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6541** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6542**
6543** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6544** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6545**
6546** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6547** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6548** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6549*/
6550int sqlite3_blob_open(
6551  sqlite3*,
6552  const char *zDb,
6553  const char *zTable,
6554  const char *zColumn,
6555  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6556  int flags,
6557  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6558);
6559
6560/*
6561** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6562** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6563**
6564** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6565** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6566** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6567** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6568** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6569** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6570**
6571** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6572** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6573** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6574** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6575** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6576** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6577** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6578** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6579** always returns zero.
6580**
6581** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6582*/
6583int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6584
6585/*
6586** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6587** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6588**
6589** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6590** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6591** handle is still closed.)^
6592**
6593** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6594** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6595** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6596** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6597** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6598**
6599** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6600** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6601** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6602** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6603** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6604** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6605*/
6606int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6607
6608/*
6609** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6610** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6611**
6612** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6613** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6614** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6615** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6616**
6617** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6618** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6619** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6620** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6621*/
6622int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6623
6624/*
6625** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6626** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6627**
6628** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6629** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6630** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6631**
6632** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6633** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6634** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6635** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6636** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6637**
6638** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6639** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6640**
6641** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6642** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6643**
6644** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6645** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6646** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6647** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6648**
6649** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6650*/
6651int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6652
6653/*
6654** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6655** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6656**
6657** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6658** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6659** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6660**
6661** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6662** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6663** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6664** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6665** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6666**
6667** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6668** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6669** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6670**
6671** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6672** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6673** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6674** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6675** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6676** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6677** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6678**
6679** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6680** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6681** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6682** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6683** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6684** or by other independent statements.
6685**
6686** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6687** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6688** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6689** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6690**
6691** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6692*/
6693int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6694
6695/*
6696** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6697**
6698** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6699** that SQLite uses to interact
6700** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6701** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6702** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6703** The following interfaces are provided.
6704**
6705** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6706** ^Names are case sensitive.
6707** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6708** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6709** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6710**
6711** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6712** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6713** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6714** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6715** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6716** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6717** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6718** then the behavior is undefined.
6719**
6720** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6721** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6722** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6723*/
6724sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6725int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6726int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6727
6728/*
6729** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6730**
6731** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6732** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6733** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6734** permitted to use any of these routines.
6735**
6736** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6737** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6738** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6739** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6740**
6741** <ul>
6742** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6743** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6744** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6745** </ul>
6746**
6747** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6748** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6749** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6750** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6751** and Windows.
6752**
6753** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6754** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6755** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6756** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6757** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6758** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6759** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6760**
6761** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6762** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6763** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6764** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6765** integer constants:
6766**
6767** <ul>
6768** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6769** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6770** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6771** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6772** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6773** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6774** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6775** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6776** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6777** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6778** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6779** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6780** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6781** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6782** </ul>
6783**
6784** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6785** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6786** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6787** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6788** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6789** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6790** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6791** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6792** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6793** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6794**
6795** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6796** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6797** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6798** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6799** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6800** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6801** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6802** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6803**
6804** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6805** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6806** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6807** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6808** the same type number.
6809**
6810** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6811** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6812** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6813**
6814** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6815** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6816** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6817** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6818** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6819** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6820** In such cases, the
6821** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6822** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6823** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6824**
6825** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6826** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6827** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6828** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6829** behavior.)^
6830**
6831** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6832** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6833** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6834** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6835**
6836** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6837** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6838** behave as no-ops.
6839**
6840** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6841*/
6842sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6843void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6844void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6845int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6846void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6847
6848/*
6849** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6850**
6851** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6852** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6853**
6854** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6855** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6856** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6857** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6858** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6859** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6860** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6861** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6862** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6863**
6864** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6865** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6866** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6867** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6868**
6869** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6870** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6871** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6872** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6873** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6874** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6875**
6876** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6877** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6878** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6879**
6880** <ul>
6881**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6882**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6883**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6884**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6885**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6886**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6887**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6888** </ul>)^
6889**
6890** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6891** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6892** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6893** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6894** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6895** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6896** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6897**
6898** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6899** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6900** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6901** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6902**
6903** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6904** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6905** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6906** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6907**
6908** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6909** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6910** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6911** prior to returning.
6912*/
6913typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6914struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6915  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6916  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6917  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6918  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6919  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6920  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6921  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6922  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6923  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6924};
6925
6926/*
6927** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6928**
6929** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6930** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6931** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6932** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6933** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6934** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6935** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6936** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6937**
6938** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6939** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6940**
6941** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6942** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6943** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6944** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6945**
6946** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6947** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6948** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6949** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6950** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6951** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6952** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6953** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6954*/
6955#ifndef NDEBUG
6956int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6957int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6958#endif
6959
6960/*
6961** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6962**
6963** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6964** which is one of these integer constants.
6965**
6966** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6967** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6968** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6969*/
6970#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6971#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6972#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6973#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6974#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6975#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6976#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6977#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6978#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6979#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6980#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6981#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6982#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6983#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6984#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6985#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6986
6987/*
6988** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6989** METHOD: sqlite3
6990**
6991** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6992** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6993** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6994** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6995** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6996*/
6997sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6998
6999/*
7000** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7001** METHOD: sqlite3
7002**
7003** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7004** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7005** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7006** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7007** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7008** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7009** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7010** main database file.
7011** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7012** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7013** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7014** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7015**
7016** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7017** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7018** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
7019** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
7020** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7021**
7022** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7023** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7024** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7025** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7026** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7027** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7028** xFileControl method.
7029**
7030** See also: [file control opcodes]
7031*/
7032int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7033
7034/*
7035** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7036**
7037** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7038** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7039** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7040** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7041**
7042** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7043** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7044** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7045**
7046** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7047** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7048** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7049** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7050*/
7051int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7052
7053/*
7054** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7055**
7056** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7057** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7058**
7059** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7060** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7061** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7062** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7063*/
7064#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7065#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7066#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7067#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7068#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7069#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7070#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7071#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7072#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7073#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7074#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7075#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7076#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7077#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7078#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7079#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7080#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7081#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7082#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7083#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7084#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7085#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7086#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7087#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7088#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7089
7090/*
7091** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7092**
7093** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7094** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7095** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7096** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7097**
7098** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7099** keywords understood by SQLite.
7100**
7101** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7102** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7103** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7104** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7105** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7106** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7107** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7108**
7109** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7110** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7111** if it is and zero if not.
7112**
7113** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7114** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7115** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7116** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7117** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7118** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7119** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7120** name collisions include:
7121** <ul>
7122** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7123**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7124** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7125**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7126**      technique.
7127** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7128**      with "Z".
7129** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7130** </ul>
7131**
7132** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7133** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7134** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7135** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7136*/
7137int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7138int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7139int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7140
7141/*
7142** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7143** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7144**
7145** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7146** string under construction.
7147**
7148** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7149** <ol>
7150** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7151** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7152** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7153** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7154** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7155** </ol>
7156*/
7157typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7158
7159/*
7160** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7161** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7162**
7163** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7164** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7165** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7166** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7167**
7168** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7169** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7170** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7171** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7172** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7173** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7174** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7175** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7176** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7177**
7178** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7179** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7180** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7181** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7182** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7183*/
7184sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7185
7186/*
7187** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7188** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7189**
7190** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7191** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7192** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7193** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7194** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7195** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7196** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7197** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7198*/
7199char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7200
7201/*
7202** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7203** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7204**
7205** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7206** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7207**
7208** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7209** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7210** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7211** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7212**
7213** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7214** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7215** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7216** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7217** method instead.
7218**
7219** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7220** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7221**
7222** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7223** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7224** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7225**
7226** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7227** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7228**
7229** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7230** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7231** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7232*/
7233void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7234void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7235void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7236void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7237void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7238void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7239
7240/*
7241** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7242** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7243**
7244** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7245**
7246** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7247** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7248** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7249** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7250** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7251** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7252**
7253** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7254** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7255** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7256** zero-termination byte.
7257**
7258** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7259** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7260** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7261** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7262** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7263** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7264** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7265** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7266** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7267** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7268*/
7269int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7270int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7271char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7272
7273/*
7274** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7275**
7276** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7277** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7278** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7279** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7280** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7281** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7282** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7283** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7284** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7285** value.  For those parameters
7286** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7287** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7288** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7289**
7290** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7291** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7292**
7293** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7294** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7295** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7296**
7297** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7298*/
7299int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7300int sqlite3_status64(
7301  int op,
7302  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7303  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7304  int resetFlag
7305);
7306
7307
7308/*
7309** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7310** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7311**
7312** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7313** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7314**
7315** <dl>
7316** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7317** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7318** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7319** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7320** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7321** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7322** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7323** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7324**
7325** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7326** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7327** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7328** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7329** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7330** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7331**
7332** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7333** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7334** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7335**
7336** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7337** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7338** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7339** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7340** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7341**
7342** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7343** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7344** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7345** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7346** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7347** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7348** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7349** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7350** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7351**
7352** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7353** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7354** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7355** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7356** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7357**
7358** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7359** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7360**
7361** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7362** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7363**
7364** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7365** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7366**
7367** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7368** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7369** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7370** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7371** </dl>
7372**
7373** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7374*/
7375#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7376#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7377#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7378#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7379#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7380#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7381#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7382#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7383#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7384#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7385
7386/*
7387** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7388** METHOD: sqlite3
7389**
7390** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7391** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7392** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7393** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7394** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7395** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7396** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7397** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7398**
7399** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7400** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7401** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7402** reset back down to the current value.
7403**
7404** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7405** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7406**
7407** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7408*/
7409int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7410
7411/*
7412** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7413** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7414**
7415** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7416** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7417**
7418** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7419** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7420** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7421** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7422** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7423**
7424** <dl>
7425** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7426** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7427** checked out.</dd>)^
7428**
7429** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7430** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7431** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7432** the current value is always zero.)^
7433**
7434** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7435** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7436** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7437** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7438** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7439** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7440** the current value is always zero.)^
7441**
7442** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7443** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7444** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7445** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7446** memory already being in use.
7447** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7448** the current value is always zero.)^
7449**
7450** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7451** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7452** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7453** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7454**
7455** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7456** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7457** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7458** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7459** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7460** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7461** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7462** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7463** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7464** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7465** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7466**
7467** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7468** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7469** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7470** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7471** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7472** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7473** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7474** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7475**
7476** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7477** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7478** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7479** the database connection.)^
7480** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7481** </dd>
7482**
7483** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7484** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7485** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7486** is always 0.
7487** </dd>
7488**
7489** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7490** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7491** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7492** is always 0.
7493** </dd>
7494**
7495** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7496** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7497** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7498** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7499** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7500** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7501** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7502** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7503** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7504** </dd>
7505**
7506** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7507** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7508** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7509** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7510** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7511** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7512** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
7513** </dd>
7514**
7515** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7516** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7517** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7518** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7519** </dd>
7520** </dl>
7521*/
7522#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7523#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7524#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7525#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7526#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7527#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7528#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7529#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7530#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7531#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7532#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7533#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7534#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7535#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7536
7537
7538/*
7539** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7540** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7541**
7542** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7543** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7544** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7545** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7546** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7547** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7548** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7549** an index.
7550**
7551** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7552** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7553** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7554** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7555** to be interrogated.)^
7556** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7557** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7558** interface call returns.
7559**
7560** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7561*/
7562int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7563
7564/*
7565** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7566** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7567**
7568** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7569** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7570** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7571**
7572** <dl>
7573** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7574** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7575** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7576** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7577** careful use of indices.</dd>
7578**
7579** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7580** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7581** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7582** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7583**
7584** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7585** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7586** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7587** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7588** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7589** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7590**
7591** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7592** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7593** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7594** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7595** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7596** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7597** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7598**
7599** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7600** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7601** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7602** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7603**
7604** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7605** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7606** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7607** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7608** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7609** cycle.
7610**
7611** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7612** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7613** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7614** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7615** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7616** </dd>
7617** </dl>
7618*/
7619#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7620#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7621#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7622#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7623#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7624#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7625#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7626
7627/*
7628** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7629**
7630** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7631** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7632** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7633** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7634** to the object.
7635**
7636** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7637*/
7638typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7639
7640/*
7641** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7642**
7643** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7644** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7645** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7646** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7647**
7648** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7649*/
7650typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7651struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7652  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7653  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7654};
7655
7656/*
7657** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7658** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7659**
7660** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7661** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7662** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7663** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7664** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7665** By implementing a
7666** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7667** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7668** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7669** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7670** how long.
7671**
7672** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7673** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7674** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7675**
7676** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7677** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7678** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7679** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7680**
7681** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7682** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7683** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7684** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7685** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7686** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7687** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7688** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7689** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7690** page cache.)^
7691**
7692** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7693** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7694** It can be used to clean up
7695** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7696** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7697**
7698** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7699** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7700** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7701** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7702** in multithreaded applications.
7703**
7704** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7705** call to xShutdown().
7706**
7707** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7708** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7709** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7710** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7711** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7712** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7713** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7714** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7715** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7716** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7717** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7718** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7719** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7720** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7721** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7722** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7723** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7724** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7725** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7726** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7727** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7728** never contain any unpinned pages.
7729**
7730** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7731** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7732** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7733** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7734** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7735** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7736** value; it is advisory only.
7737**
7738** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7739** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7740** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7741**
7742** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7743** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7744** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7745** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7746** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7747** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7748** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7749** for each entry in the page cache.
7750**
7751** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7752** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7753** to be "pinned".
7754**
7755** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7756** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7757** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7758** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7759** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7760**
7761** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7762** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7763** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7764** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7765**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7766** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7767**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7768** </table>
7769**
7770** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7771** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7772** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7773** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7774** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7775**
7776** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7777** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7778** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7779** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7780** ^If the discard parameter is
7781** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7782** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7783** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7784**
7785** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7786** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7787** to xFetch().
7788**
7789** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7790** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7791** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7792** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7793** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7794** to be pinned.
7795**
7796** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7797** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7798** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7799** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7800** they can be safely discarded.
7801**
7802** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7803** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7804** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7805** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7806** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7807** functions.
7808**
7809** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7810** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7811** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7812** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7813** do their best.
7814*/
7815typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7816struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7817  int iVersion;
7818  void *pArg;
7819  int (*xInit)(void*);
7820  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7821  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7822  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7823  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7824  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7825  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7826  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7827      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7828  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7829  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7830  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7831};
7832
7833/*
7834** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7835** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7836** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7837*/
7838typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7839struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7840  void *pArg;
7841  int (*xInit)(void*);
7842  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7843  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7844  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7845  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7846  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7847  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7848  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7849  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7850  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7851};
7852
7853
7854/*
7855** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7856**
7857** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7858** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7859** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7860** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7861**
7862** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7863*/
7864typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7865
7866/*
7867** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7868**
7869** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7870** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7871** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7872**
7873** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7874**
7875** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7876** for the duration of the backup operation.
7877** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7878** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7879** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7880** preventing other database connections from
7881** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7882**
7883** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7884**   <ol>
7885**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7886**         backup,
7887**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7888**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7889**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7890**         associated with the backup operation.
7891**   </ol>)^
7892** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7893** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7894**
7895** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7896**
7897** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7898** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7899** and the database name, respectively.
7900** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7901** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7902** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7903** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7904** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7905** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7906** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7907** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7908** an error.
7909**
7910** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7911** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7912** destination database.
7913**
7914** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7915** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7916** destination [database connection] D.
7917** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7918** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7919** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7920** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7921** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7922** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7923** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7924** operation.
7925**
7926** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7927**
7928** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7929** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7930** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7931** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7932** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7933** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7934** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7935** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7936** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7937** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7938** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7939** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7940**
7941** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7942** <ol>
7943** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7944** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7945** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7946** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7947** destination and source page sizes differ.
7948** </ol>)^
7949**
7950** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7951** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7952** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7953** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7954** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7955** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7956** [database connection]
7957** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7958** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7959** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7960** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7961** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7962** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7963** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7964** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7965** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7966**
7967** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7968** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7969** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7970** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7971** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7972** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7973** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7974** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7975** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7976** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7977** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7978** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7979** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7980** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7981** updated at the same time.
7982**
7983** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7984**
7985** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7986** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7987** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7988** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7989** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7990** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7991** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7992** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7993** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7994**
7995** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7996** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7997** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7998** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7999** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8000** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8001**
8002** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8003** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8004** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8005**
8006** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8007** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8008**
8009** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8010** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8011** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8012** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8013** sqlite3_backup_step().
8014** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8015** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8016** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8017** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8018** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8019** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8020**
8021** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8022**
8023** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8024** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8025** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8026** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8027** from within other threads.
8028**
8029** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8030** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8031** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8032** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8033** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8034** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8035** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8036** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8037**
8038** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8039** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8040** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8041** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8042** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8043** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8044**
8045** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8046** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8047** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8048** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8049** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8050** possible that they return invalid values.
8051*/
8052sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8053  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8054  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8055  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8056  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8057);
8058int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8059int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8060int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8061int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8062
8063/*
8064** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8065** METHOD: sqlite3
8066**
8067** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8068** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8069** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8070** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8071** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8072** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8073** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8074** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8075**
8076** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8077**
8078** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8079** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8080**
8081** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8082** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8083** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8084** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8085** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8086** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8087** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8088** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8089** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8090** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
8091**
8092** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8093** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8094** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8095** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8096** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8097**
8098** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8099** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8100** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8101** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8102**
8103** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8104** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8105** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8106** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8107** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8108** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8109** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8110** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8111**
8112** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8113** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8114** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8115**
8116** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8117** returns SQLITE_OK.
8118**
8119** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8120**
8121** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8122** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8123** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8124** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8125** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8126** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8127**
8128** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
8129** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8130** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8131** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8132** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8133** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8134** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8135** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8136**
8137** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8138**
8139** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8140** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8141** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8142** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8143** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8144** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8145** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8146**
8147** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8148** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8149** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8150** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8151** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8152** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8153** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8154** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8155** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8156** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8157** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8158** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8159**
8160** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8161**
8162** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8163** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8164** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8165** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8166** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8167** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8168** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8169** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8170** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8171**
8172** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8173** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8174** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8175** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8176** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8177*/
8178int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8179  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8180  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8181  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8182);
8183
8184
8185/*
8186** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8187**
8188** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8189** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8190** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8191** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8192*/
8193int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8194int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8195
8196/*
8197** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8198*
8199** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8200** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8201** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8202** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8203** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8204** is case sensitive.
8205**
8206** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8207** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8208**
8209** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8210*/
8211int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8212
8213/*
8214** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8215*
8216** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8217** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8218** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8219** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8220** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8221** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8222** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8223** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8224** one another.
8225**
8226** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8227** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8228**
8229** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8230** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8231**
8232** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8233*/
8234int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8235
8236/*
8237** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8238**
8239** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8240** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8241** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8242** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8243**
8244** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8245** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8246** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8247** is considered bad form.
8248**
8249** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8250**
8251** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8252** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8253** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8254** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8255** buffer.
8256*/
8257void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8258
8259/*
8260** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8261** METHOD: sqlite3
8262**
8263** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8264** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8265**
8266** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8267** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8268** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8269**
8270** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8271** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8272** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8273** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8274** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8275** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8276** including those that were just committed.
8277**
8278** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8279** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8280** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8281** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8282** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8283** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8284** are undefined.
8285**
8286** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8287** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8288** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8289** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8290** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8291** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8292*/
8293void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8294  sqlite3*,
8295  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8296  void*
8297);
8298
8299/*
8300** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8301** METHOD: sqlite3
8302**
8303** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8304** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8305** to automatically [checkpoint]
8306** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8307** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8308** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8309** checkpoints entirely.
8310**
8311** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8312** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8313** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8314** configured by this function.
8315**
8316** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8317** from SQL.
8318**
8319** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8320** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8321**
8322** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8323** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8324** pages.  The use of this interface
8325** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8326** for a particular application.
8327*/
8328int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8329
8330/*
8331** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8332** METHOD: sqlite3
8333**
8334** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8335** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8336**
8337** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8338** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8339** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8340** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8341** information.
8342**
8343** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8344** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8345** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8346** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8347** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8348** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8349*/
8350int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8351
8352/*
8353** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8354** METHOD: sqlite3
8355**
8356** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8357** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8358** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8359** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8360**
8361** <dl>
8362** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8363**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8364**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8365**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8366**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8367**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8368**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8369**
8370** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8371**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8372**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8373**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8374**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8375**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8376**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8377**
8378** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8379**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8380**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8381**   [busy-handler callback])
8382**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8383**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8384**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8385**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8386**
8387** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8388**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8389**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8390**   to a successful return.
8391** </dl>
8392**
8393** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8394** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8395** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8396** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8397** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8398** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8399** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8400** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8401** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8402**
8403** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8404** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8405** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8406** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8407**
8408** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8409** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8410** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8411** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8412** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8413** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8414** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8415** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8416** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8417** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8418**
8419** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8420** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8421** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8422** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8423** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8424** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8425** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8426** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8427** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8428** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8429** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8430**
8431** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8432** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8433** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8434** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8435**
8436** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8437** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8438** sets the error information that is queried by
8439** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8440**
8441** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8442** from SQL.
8443*/
8444int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8445  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8446  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8447  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8448  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8449  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8450);
8451
8452/*
8453** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8454** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8455**
8456** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8457** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8458** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8459** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8460*/
8461#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8462#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8463#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8464#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8465
8466/*
8467** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8468**
8469** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8470** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8471** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8472**
8473** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8474** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8475**
8476** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8477** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8478** may be added in the future.
8479*/
8480int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8481
8482/*
8483** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8484**
8485** These macros define the various options to the
8486** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8487** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8488**
8489** <dl>
8490** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8491** <dd>Calls of the form
8492** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8493** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8494** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8495** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8496** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8497** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8498** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8499** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8500**
8501** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8502** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8503** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8504** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8505** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8506** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8507** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8508** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8509** had been ABORT.
8510**
8511** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8512** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8513** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8514** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8515** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8516** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8517** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8518** constraint handling.
8519** </dl>
8520*/
8521#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8522
8523/*
8524** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8525**
8526** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8527** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8528** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8529** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8530** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8531** [virtual table].
8532*/
8533int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8534
8535/*
8536** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8537**
8538** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8539** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8540** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8541** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8542** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
8543** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
8544**
8545** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8546** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
8547** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8548** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8549** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8550** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8551*/
8552int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8553
8554/*
8555** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8556**
8557** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8558** method of a [virtual table].
8559**
8560** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8561** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8562** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8563** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8564** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8565** constraint.
8566*/
8567SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8568
8569/*
8570** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8571** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8572**
8573** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8574** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8575** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8576**
8577** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8578** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8579** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8580*/
8581#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8582/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8583#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8584/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8585#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8586
8587/*
8588** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8589** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8590**
8591** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8592** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8593** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8594**
8595** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8596** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8597** S is finalized.
8598**
8599** <dl>
8600** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8601** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8602** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8603**
8604** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8605** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8606** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8607**
8608** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8609** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8610** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8611** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8612** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8613** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8614** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8615**
8616** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8617** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8618** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8619** used for the X-th loop.
8620**
8621** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8622** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8623** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8624** description for the X-th loop.
8625**
8626** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8627** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8628** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8629** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8630** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8631** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8632** </dl>
8633*/
8634#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8635#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8636#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8637#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8638#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8639#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8640
8641/*
8642** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8643** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8644**
8645** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8646** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8647** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8648** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8649**
8650** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8651** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8652** compile-time option.
8653**
8654** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8655** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8656** of this interface is undefined.
8657** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8658** the "pOut" parameter.
8659** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8660** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8661** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8662** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8663** points to is unchanged.
8664**
8665** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8666** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8667** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8668** that pOut points to unchanged.
8669**
8670** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8671*/
8672int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8673  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8674  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8675  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8676  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8677);
8678
8679/*
8680** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8681** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8682**
8683** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8684**
8685** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8686** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8687*/
8688void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8689
8690/*
8691** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8692**
8693** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8694** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8695** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8696** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8697** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8698** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8699** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8700** any [attached] databases.
8701**
8702** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8703** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8704** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8705** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8706** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8707** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8708** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8709** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8710**
8711** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8712** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8713** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8714**
8715** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8716**
8717** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8718** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8719*/
8720int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8721
8722/*
8723** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8724**
8725** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8726** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8727**
8728** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8729** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8730** on a database table.
8731** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8732** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8733** the previous setting.
8734** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8735** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8736** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8737** the first parameter to callbacks.
8738**
8739** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8740** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8741** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8742**
8743** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8744** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8745** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8746** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8747** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8748** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8749** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8750** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8751** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8752** databases.)^
8753** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8754** table that is being modified.
8755**
8756** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8757** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8758** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8759** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8760** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8761** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8762** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8763** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8764** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8765**
8766** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8767** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8768** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8769** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8770** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8771** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8772** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8773** behavior.
8774**
8775** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8776** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8777**
8778** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8779** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8780** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8781** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8782** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8783** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8784** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8785** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8786**
8787** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8788** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8789** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8790** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8791** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8792** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8793** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8794** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8795**
8796** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8797** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8798** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8799** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8800** triggers; and so forth.
8801**
8802** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8803*/
8804#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8805void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8806  sqlite3 *db,
8807  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8808    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8809    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8810    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8811    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8812    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8813    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8814    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8815  ),
8816  void*
8817);
8818int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8819int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8820int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8821int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8822#endif
8823
8824/*
8825** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8826**
8827** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8828** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8829** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8830** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8831** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8832** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8833*/
8834int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8835
8836/*
8837** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8838** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8839** EXPERIMENTAL
8840**
8841** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8842** database for some specific point in history.
8843**
8844** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8845** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8846** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8847** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8848** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8849** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8850** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8851**
8852** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8853** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8854** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8855** the most recent version.
8856**
8857** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8858** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8859** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8860** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8861*/
8862typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8863  unsigned char hidden[48];
8864} sqlite3_snapshot;
8865
8866/*
8867** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8868** EXPERIMENTAL
8869**
8870** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8871** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8872** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8873** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8874** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8875** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8876** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8877**
8878** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8879** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8880** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8881** in this case.
8882**
8883** <ul>
8884**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8885**
8886**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8887**
8888**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8889**        connection D.
8890**
8891**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8892**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8893**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8894**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8895**        must be written to it first.
8896** </ul>
8897**
8898** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8899** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8900** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8901**
8902** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8903** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8904** to avoid a memory leak.
8905**
8906** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8907** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8908*/
8909SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8910  sqlite3 *db,
8911  const char *zSchema,
8912  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8913);
8914
8915/*
8916** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8917** EXPERIMENTAL
8918**
8919** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8920** read transaction for schema S of
8921** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8922** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8923** recent change to the database.
8924** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8925** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8926**
8927** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8928** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8929** out of [autocommit mode].
8930** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8931** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8932** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8933** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8934** [checkpoint].
8935** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8936** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8937** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8938** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8939** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8940** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8941** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8942** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8943**
8944** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8945** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8946*/
8947SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8948  sqlite3 *db,
8949  const char *zSchema,
8950  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8951);
8952
8953/*
8954** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8955** EXPERIMENTAL
8956**
8957** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8958** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8959** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8960**
8961** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8962** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8963*/
8964SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8965
8966/*
8967** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8968** EXPERIMENTAL
8969**
8970** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8971** of two valid snapshot handles.
8972**
8973** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8974** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8975**
8976** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8977** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8978** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8979** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8980** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8981** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8982** is undefined.
8983**
8984** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8985** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8986** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8987*/
8988SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8989  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8990  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8991);
8992
8993/*
8994** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8995** EXPERIMENTAL
8996**
8997** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8998** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8999** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
9000** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
9001** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
9002** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
9003** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
9004**
9005** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
9006** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9007** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9008** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
9009** database.
9010**
9011** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9012*/
9013SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9014
9015/*
9016** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9017**
9018** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9019** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9020** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9021** is written into *P.
9022**
9023** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9024** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9025** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9026** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9027**
9028** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9029** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9030** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9031** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9032** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9033** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9034** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9035** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9036** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9037** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9038** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9039** values of D and S.
9040** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9041** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contigious copy
9042** of the database exists.
9043**
9044** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9045** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9046** allocation error occurs.
9047**
9048** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9049** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9050*/
9051unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9052  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9053  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9054  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9055  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9056);
9057
9058/*
9059** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9060**
9061** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9062** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9063**
9064** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9065** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9066** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9067** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9068** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9069** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9070** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9071*/
9072#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9073
9074/*
9075** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9076**
9077** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9078** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9079** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9080** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9081** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9082** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9083** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9084** size does not exceed M bytes.
9085**
9086** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9087** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9088** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9089** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9090** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9091**
9092** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9093** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9094** operation.
9095**
9096** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9097** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9098** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9099**
9100** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9101** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9102*/
9103int sqlite3_deserialize(
9104  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9105  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9106  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9107  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9108  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9109  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9110);
9111
9112/*
9113** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9114**
9115** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9116** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9117**
9118** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9119** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9120** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9121** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9122** is resposible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9123**
9124** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9125** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9126** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9127** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9128** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9129**
9130** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9131** should be treated as read-only.
9132*/
9133#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9134#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9135#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9136
9137/*
9138** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9139** builds on processors without floating point support.
9140*/
9141#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9142# undef double
9143#endif
9144
9145#ifdef __cplusplus
9146}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9147#endif
9148#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9149